Machining process for machining fastener

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining process for machining a fastener, and relates to the technical field of machine manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: 1, cleaning and deoiling; step 2, straightening and flattening; thirdly, cold heading forming is conducted; fourthly, thread machining is conducted; 5, heat treatment; step 6, surface chemical treatment; step 7, layer processing; step 8, dimension and graph tolerance detection; ninthly, mechanical property testing is conducted; through a plurality of steps, such as ultrasonic cleaning, high-precision straightening machine straightening, special cold header forming, numerical control thread machining machine tool and precisely controlled heat treatment, it is ensured that the material can reach the optimal state in each procedure, and through the steps, the dimensional precision and surface quality of the fastener are improved, and the machining efficiency is improved. And by using a precision measuring tool, the size and form and location tolerance of each fastener are ensured to accord with strict standards, and the highly consistent quality and performance enable the final product to meet the requirement of high-precision application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing, and more particularly to a processing technology for processing fasteners. Background Art

[0002] In today's industrial field, fasteners are key elements for connecting and fixing various mechanical parts. Their processing quality is directly related to the performance and safety of the entire equipment. However, traditional fastener processing technology often has some limitations, such as low processing accuracy, unstable mechanical properties and low production efficiency. These problems limit the use of fasteners in high-precision and high-reliability applications. Specifically, due to the limitations of equipment accuracy and operating technology level, high standards of dimensional accuracy and surface quality are prone to dimensional deviation during processing, resulting in poor fit, looseness or over-tightening of fasteners during assembly, affecting the normal operation and service life of the equipment. In addition, heat treatment methods often cannot meet the needs of modern industry for high strength, high toughness and good corrosion resistance, and the lack of surface treatment technology also limits the service life and reliability of fasteners in harsh environments. Therefore, we propose a processing technology for processing fasteners. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a processing technology for processing fasteners. Through multiple steps, such as ultrasonic cleaning, straightening by a high-precision straightening machine, forming by a special cold heading machine, CNC thread processing machine tools and precisely controlled heat treatment, it is ensured that the material can reach the best state in each process. These steps not only improve the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the fasteners, but also through the use of precision measuring tools, further ensure that the size and form and position tolerances of each fastener meet strict standards. This highly consistent quality and performance enables the final product to meet the needs of high-precision applications, and solves the problem that the traditional fastener processing technology is limited by equipment accuracy and operating technology level. The high standards of dimensional accuracy and surface quality are prone to dimensional deviation during processing, which leads to the problem of poor fit, looseness or over-tightening of the fasteners during assembly.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A processing technology for processing a fastener comprises the following steps; Step 1: Cleaning and degreasing; Step 2: Straightening and leveling; Step 3: Cold heading; Step 4: Thread processing; Step 5: heat treatment; Step 6: Surface chemical treatment; Step 7: Layer processing; Step 8: Dimension and graphic tolerance inspection; Step 9: Mechanical properties test.

[0005] Preferably, in step one, the raw materials are placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine and ultrasonic cleaning is performed at a frequency of 40-60kHz for 15-20 minutes. A special environmentally friendly metal cleaning agent is used, and its concentration is controlled at 3% to 5%. During the cleaning process, the temperature is set between 25°C and 60°C.

[0006] Preferably, in step 2, a high-precision straightening machine is used to perform preliminary correction on the material to adjust its straightness and flatness to meet the requirements of subsequent cold heading. The straightness tolerance is set to ±0.05 mm, and the flatness tolerance is ±0.02 mm. The straightening speed is set to 0.5 m / min. The specific speed needs to be adjusted according to the characteristics and thickness of the material. At the same time, the pressure setting needs to be adjusted according to the hardness and thickness of the material, usually between 5-10 tons.

[0007] Preferably, in step three, the pretreated material is fed into a special cold heading machine, and a predetermined shape is formed at room temperature through the action of the mold, so that the mechanical properties of the material can be maintained. The forming pressure of the cold heading machine is between 10 and 20 tons, and the specific pressure needs to be adjusted according to the hardness and thickness of the material. The design of the mold needs to be customized according to the specific shape of the product to ensure the forming accuracy and consistency.

[0008] Preferably, in step four, a CNC thread processing machine is used to process the fastener after cold heading, the thread specification is M8x1.25, the cutting speed is set between 200-300 RPM, the feed rate is 0.1-0.3 mm / rev, and during the processing, a water-soluble cutting fluid is used for cooling and lubrication to ensure the processing accuracy.

[0009] Preferably, in step five, the threaded fastener is subjected to precisely controlled quenching and tempering treatment to enhance its hardness and toughness. The quenching temperature is usually set at 800-850°C, and the tempering temperature is set between 200-400°C. The holding time is 30 minutes, and the cooling method can be selected from oil cooling or air cooling.

[0010] Preferably, in step six, a nickel layer is uniformly plated on the surface of the heat-treated fastener by chemical plating to improve its corrosion resistance, the thickness of the plating layer is 5-10 μm, the plating solution components include nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite, the temperature of the nickel plating process is usually controlled between 85-95° C., and the time is 40-60 minutes; In step seven, a wear-resistant coating is sprayed on the surface of the fastener after chemical nickel plating to further enhance its wear resistance. The coating thickness is 10-20 μm, and the curing temperature after spraying is usually set to 150-200° C. for 30 minutes.

[0011] Preferably, in step eight, precision measuring tools are used to strictly inspect the size and form and position tolerances of each fastener. Commonly used inspection equipment includes a three-coordinate measuring machine and a projector. The three-coordinate measuring machine can provide high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measurement data, and the projector uses the optical projection principle to project the product outline onto the screen for easy observation and measurement. The inspection items mainly include key dimensions such as diameter, length, and pitch.

[0012] Preferably, in step nine, in the mechanical property test, the main equipment includes a universal material testing machine and a torsion testing machine; the universal material testing machine is mainly used for tensile testing to determine the tensile strength and yield strength of the material. During the test, the fastener is fixed on the fixture of the testing machine, and then the tensile force is gradually applied until the sample breaks. By recording the force-displacement curve, the tensile strength and yield strength of the sample can be determined; the torsion testing machine is used for torsion testing to determine the torsional properties of the material, such as torque and torsion angle. During the test, the fastener is fixed on the fixture of the testing machine, and then the torque is gradually applied until the sample breaks or reaches a predetermined torsion angle. By recording the torque-torsion angle curve, the torsional stiffness and strength of the material can be evaluated. In addition to tensile and torsion tests, hardness tests can also be performed to evaluate the hardness of the material. Commonly used hardness testing methods include Brinell hardness test, Rockwell hardness test and Vickers hardness test. These tests determine the hardness value of the material by measuring the depth or size of the indentation.

[0013] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a processing technology for processing fasteners, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The processing technology of the present invention ensures that the material can reach the best state in each process through multiple steps, such as ultrasonic cleaning, straightening by a high-precision straightening machine, forming by a special cold heading machine, CNC thread processing machine tools and precisely controlled heat treatment. These steps not only improve the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the fasteners, but also through the use of precision measuring tools, further ensure that the size and shape and position tolerances of each fastener meet strict standards. This highly consistent quality and performance enables the final product to meet the needs of high-precision applications, thereby being more competitive in the market.

[0014] 2. The present invention significantly improves the hardness, toughness and corrosion resistance of the fasteners by quenching and tempering the fasteners, as well as surface treatment by chemical nickel plating and spraying wear-resistant coating. These treatment methods not only enhance the service life of the fasteners in harsh environments, but also verify their superior mechanical properties through mechanical property tests (such as tensile tests and torsion tests). The optimized fasteners show higher reliability and safety in practical applications, providing users with a better product experience.

[0015] 3. The processing technology of the present invention realizes efficient and controllable fastener production through reasonable step arrangement and parameter setting. Advanced equipment and technology are used in each step from cleaning and degreasing of raw materials to mechanical property testing of final products to ensure the stability and efficiency of the production process. At the same time, by precisely controlling the operating conditions of each step, the error and scrap rate in the production process are reduced, and the overall production efficiency and product quality are improved. This optimized production process not only reduces costs, but also enhances the market competitiveness of the enterprise, bringing better economic benefits to the enterprise.

[0016] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 The accompanying drawing is a schematic flow chart of a processing technology for processing fasteners according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a processing technology for processing fasteners, comprising the following steps; Step 1: Cleaning and degreasing; Step 2: Straightening and leveling; Step 3: Cold heading; Step 4: Thread processing; Step 5: heat treatment; Step 6: Surface chemical treatment; Step 7: Layer processing; Step 8: Dimension and graphic tolerance inspection; Step 9: Mechanical properties test.

[0021] In step one, the raw materials are placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and the appropriate frequency and time are set. Usually, a frequency of 40kHz is used for ultrasonic cleaning, which can remove oil, oxides and other impurities on the surface. The cleaning time is generally 15-20 minutes. The specific time can be adjusted according to the degree of contamination on the surface of the material. A special environmentally friendly metal cleaning agent is used, and its concentration is controlled at 3% to 5%. The purpose is to thoroughly clean without damaging the material. During the cleaning process, the temperature can be set between room temperature and 60°C, which is the optimal cleaning temperature.

[0022] In step 2, a high-precision straightening machine is used to make preliminary corrections to the material to adjust its straightness and flatness to meet the requirements of subsequent cold heading. The straightness tolerance is generally set to ±0.05 mm, while the flatness tolerance is ±0.02 mm. The straightening speed is set to 0.5 m / min. The specific speed needs to be adjusted according to the characteristics and thickness of the material. At the same time, the pressure setting needs to be adjusted according to the hardness and thickness of the material, usually between 5-10 tons. Through the precise control of these parameters, the purpose is to ensure that the material has excellent dimensional accuracy and surface quality before entering the cold heading process.

[0023] In step three, the pretreated material is sent to a special cold heading machine, and the predetermined shape is formed at room temperature through the action of the mold, which can maintain the mechanical properties of the material. The forming pressure of the cold heading machine is generally between 10-20 tons. The specific pressure needs to be adjusted according to the hardness and thickness of the material. The design of the mold needs to be customized according to the specific shape of the product to ensure the forming accuracy and consistency.

[0024] In step 4, a CNC thread machining machine is used to perform thread machining on the fasteners after cold heading. The thread specification is generally M8x1.25, and the specific specification needs to be adjusted according to the design requirements. The cutting speed is set between 200-300 RPM, and the specific speed needs to be adjusted according to the hardness of the material. The feed rate is generally 0.1-0.3 mm / rev, and the specific feed rate needs to be adjusted according to the thread specification. During the machining process, water-soluble cutting fluid is used for cooling and lubrication. By using a CNC thread machining machine for thread machining, high-precision thread manufacturing can be achieved. Setting appropriate cutting speeds and feed rates, as well as using water-soluble cutting fluids for cooling and lubrication, can help improve machining efficiency and ensure thread quality.

[0025] In step five, the threaded fasteners are subjected to precisely controlled quenching and tempering treatments to enhance their hardness and toughness. The quenching temperature is usually set at 800-850°C, and the specific temperature needs to be adjusted according to the material type. The tempering temperature is set between 200-400°C, and it also needs to be adjusted according to the material type. The insulation time is 30 minutes, and the specific time needs to be adjusted according to the thickness of the material. The cooling method can be oil cooling or air cooling, and the specific method needs to be selected according to the properties of the material.

[0026] In step six, a nickel layer is evenly plated on the surface of the heat-treated fastener by chemical plating to improve its corrosion resistance. The thickness of the coating is generally 5-10 μm, and the specific thickness needs to be adjusted according to application requirements. The plating solution mainly includes chemical substances such as nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite. The temperature of the nickel plating process is usually controlled between 85-95°C and the time is 60 minutes, and the specific time needs to be adjusted according to the thickness of the coating.

[0027] In step seven, a wear-resistant coating is sprayed on the surface of the fastener after chemical nickel plating to further enhance its wear resistance. The coating thickness is generally 10-20μm, and the specific thickness needs to be adjusted according to the application requirements. The coating material is selected as a wear-resistant coating. The curing temperature after spraying is usually set to 150-200°C for 30 minutes. By spraying a special wear-resistant coating on the surface of the fastener after chemical nickel plating, its wear resistance can be significantly enhanced. This coating not only reduces friction, but also increases the service life of fasteners in harsh environments, especially in high-wear or high-load applications. The selection of the wear-resistant coating can be selected from existing conventional wear-resistant materials, which will not be repeated here.

[0028] In step eight, precision measuring tools are used to strictly test the size and form and position tolerances of each fastener. Commonly used testing equipment includes three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines and projectors. The three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine can provide high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measurement data. The projector uses the optical projection principle to project the product outline onto the screen for easy observation and measurement. The inspection items mainly include key dimensions such as diameter, length, and pitch. The diameter is the basic size of the fastener and directly affects its fit and use; the length determines the connection depth of the fastener; the pitch is an important feature of the threaded fastener, affecting its fastening effect and load-bearing capacity. The use of precision measuring tools to strictly test the size and form and position tolerances of each fastener can ensure that the product meets the design requirements. Equipment such as three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines and projectors provide high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measurement data for easy observation and measurement, thereby ensuring the quality and consistency of the product.

[0029] In step nine, in the mechanical properties test, the main equipment includes a universal material testing machine and a torsion testing machine; the universal material testing machine is mainly used for tensile tests to determine the tensile strength and yield strength of the material. During the test, the fastener is fixed on the fixture of the testing machine, and then the tensile force is gradually applied until the sample breaks. By recording the force-displacement curve, the tensile strength and yield strength of the sample can be determined; the torsion testing machine is used for torsion tests to determine the torsional properties of the material, such as torque and torsion angle. During the test, the fastener is fixed on the fixture of the testing machine, and then the torque is gradually applied until the sample breaks or reaches a predetermined torsion angle. By recording the torque-torsion angle curve, the torsional stiffness and strength of the material can be evaluated. In addition to tensile and torsion tests, hardness tests can also be performed to evaluate the hardness of the material. Commonly used hardness testing methods include Brinell hardness test, Rockwell hardness test and Vickers hardness test. These tests determine the hardness value of the material by measuring the depth or size of the indentation. When conducting mechanical properties tests, relevant national standards must be followed, such as GB / T 3077 and GB / T 3098.1, these standards specify the methods, conditions, and requirements for testing to conduct a comprehensive evaluation.

[0030] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0031] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0032] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A process for processing fasteners, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Cleaning and degreasing; Step 2: Straightening and leveling; Step 3: Cold heading; Step 4: Thread processing; Step 5: heat treatment; Step 6: Surface chemical treatment; Step 7: Layer processing; Step 8: Dimension and graphic tolerance inspection; Step 9: Mechanical properties test.

2. A process for processing fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the raw materials are placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine and ultrasonic cleaning is performed at a frequency of 40-60kHz for 15-20 minutes. A special environmentally friendly metal cleaning agent is used with a concentration controlled at 3% to 5%. During the cleaning process, the temperature is set between 25°C and 60°C.

3. A process for processing fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, a high-precision straightening machine is used to make preliminary corrections to the material to adjust its straightness and flatness to meet the requirements of subsequent cold heading. The straightness tolerance is set to ±0.05 mm, and the flatness tolerance is ±0.02 mm. The straightening speed is set to 0.5 m / min. The specific speed needs to be adjusted according to the characteristics and thickness of the material. At the same time, the pressure setting needs to be adjusted according to the hardness and thickness of the material, usually between 5-10 tons.

4. A process for processing fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the pretreated material is sent to a special cold heading machine, and the predetermined shape is formed at room temperature through the action of the mold, which can maintain the mechanical properties of the material. The forming pressure of the cold heading machine is between 10-20 tons. The specific pressure needs to be adjusted according to the hardness and thickness of the material. The design of the mold needs to be customized according to the specific shape of the product to ensure the forming accuracy and consistency.

5. A process for processing fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, a CNC thread processing machine is used to process the threads of the fasteners after cold heading. The thread specification is M8x1.25, the cutting speed is set between 200-300 RPM, and the feed rate is 0.1-0.3 mm / rev. During the processing, water-soluble cutting fluid is used for cooling and lubrication to ensure the processing accuracy.

6. A process for processing fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, the threaded fasteners are subjected to precisely controlled quenching and tempering treatments to enhance their hardness and toughness. The quenching temperature is usually set at 800-850°C, and the tempering temperature is set between 200-400°C. The holding time is 30 minutes, and the cooling method can be oil cooling or air cooling.

7. A process for processing fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step six, a nickel layer is uniformly plated on the surface of the heat-treated fastener by chemical plating to improve its corrosion resistance. The thickness of the coating is 5-10 μm. The plating solution includes nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite. The temperature of the nickel plating process is usually controlled between 85-95° C. and the time is 40-60 minutes. In step seven, a wear-resistant coating is sprayed on the surface of the fastener after chemical nickel plating to further enhance its wear resistance. The coating thickness is 10-20 μm, and the curing temperature after spraying is usually set to 150-200° C. for 30 minutes.

8. A process for processing fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step eight, precision measuring tools are used to strictly test the size and form and position tolerances of each fastener. Commonly used testing equipment includes three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines and projectors. The three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine can provide high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measurement data, and the projector uses the optical projection principle to project the product outline onto the screen for easy observation and measurement. The inspection items mainly include key dimensions such as diameter, length, and pitch.

9. A process for processing fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step nine, in the mechanical properties test, the main equipment includes a universal material testing machine and a torsion testing machine; the universal material testing machine is mainly used for tensile tests to determine the tensile strength and yield strength of the material. During the test, the fastener is fixed on the fixture of the testing machine, and then the tensile force is gradually applied until the sample breaks. By recording the force-displacement curve, the tensile strength and yield strength of the sample can be determined; the torsion testing machine is used for torsion tests to determine the torsional properties of the material, such as torque and torsion angle. During the test, the fastener is fixed on the fixture of the testing machine, and then the torque is gradually applied until the sample breaks or reaches a predetermined torsion angle. By recording the torque-torsion angle curve, the torsional stiffness and strength of the material can be evaluated. In addition to tensile and torsion tests, hardness tests can also be performed to evaluate the hardness of the material. Commonly used hardness testing methods include Brinell hardness test, Rockwell hardness test and Vickers hardness test. These tests determine the hardness value of the material by measuring the depth or size of the indentation.

Images