A machine support and a machine
By setting a limiting structure and a matching structure in the rear support of the tunneling machine, the problem of joint bearing damage under extreme conditions was solved, and the stable operation of the equipment under extreme conditions and the service life were extended.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA RAILWAY ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT GROUP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing tunneling machines are prone to damage to joint bearings during uphill or downhill tunneling or left and right turning due to geological conditions or operational errors.
A limiting structure and a mating structure are set in the rear support of the tunneling machine. The gap between the limiting mating part and the limiting part is adjusted to prevent the joint bearing from exceeding the maximum swing angle. The design of the limiting part and the mating part is adapted to different slopes and turning radii.
This effectively avoids damage to the spherical bearings, ensures that the vertical and horizontal adjustment devices can still work normally under extreme conditions, and extends the service life of the equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119754791B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel boring equipment, and in particular relates to a rear support for a tunnel boring machine and the tunnel boring machine itself. Background Technology
[0002] The rear support in an open-face TBM is used to support the tail end of the main beam or inner tunnel during the step change process. Some open-face TBMs also have a steering structure on the rear support to offset the tail end of the main beam or inner tunnel, thereby changing the tunneling direction of the open-face TBM.
[0003] A Chinese utility model patent application with authorization publication number CN222162616U discloses a rear support for a tunnel boring machine. The rear support includes a mounting base, a support arm assembly, a vertical cylinder, and a horizontal steering cylinder. The support arm assembly includes a support arm mounting seat and support cylinders installed on the left and right sides of the support arm mounting seat. The support cylinders are connected to shoe plates, so that they can be horizontally braced against the tunnel wall. The mounting base is used to install onto the main beam or inner wall. The vertical cylinder and the horizontal steering cylinder are both connected between the mounting base and the support arm assembly, and are used to control the vertical and horizontal offset of the main beam or inner wall, respectively.
[0004] In the aforementioned tunnel boring machine rear support, spherical plain bearings are installed between the vertical and horizontal steering cylinders and the mounting base. These bearings can accommodate small-range pitch and lateral swaying of the vertical and horizontal cylinders relative to the main beam or inner frame. Exceeding the design value of the spherical plain bearing's allowable sway can easily damage it. Therefore, before construction, the specifications of the spherical plain bearings need to be selected according to the maximum design value of the tunneling gradient and the minimum design value of the turning radius for left and right turns. However, during actual construction, due to geological conditions or operator errors, the tunneling gradient may exceed the maximum design value or the turning radius may be less than the minimum design value at certain locations. In such cases, the spherical plain bearings will face the risk of damage. Summary of the Invention
[0005] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a rear support for a tunneling machine to solve the technical problem that the joint bearings on the vertical and horizontal steering devices are easily damaged when the tunneling machine is tunneling uphill or downhill or turning left or right due to geological conditions or operational errors causing the tunneling slope to exceed its maximum design value or the turning radius to be less than its minimum design value.
[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a tunneling machine to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the rear support of the tunneling machine provided by this invention is as follows: A rear support for a tunneling machine includes a rear support body, a vertical steering device and a horizontal steering device connected to the rear support body, and also includes a limiting structure and a mating structure. One of the limiting structure and the mating structure is installed on the rear support body, and the other is used to install on the main beam or inner wall. The limiting structure includes at least two limiting parts arranged in front and behind, and the mating structure includes a limiting mating part located between two adjacent limiting parts in front and behind. A gap is left between the limiting mating part and the limiting part adjacent to its front side and / or the limiting part adjacent to its rear side.
[0008] As a further improvement, the limiting part includes at least two limiting posts arranged at left and right intervals, and the limiting mating part is a crossbeam extending in the left and right direction.
[0009] As a further improvement, the mating structure includes a connecting column, one end of which is fixedly connected to a crossbeam along its length, and two crossbeams are provided, located on the front and rear sides of the connecting column respectively.
[0010] As a further improvement, the mating structure includes at least two connecting columns arranged at intervals on the left and right, with one end of the connecting column along its length fixedly connected to the crossbeam.
[0011] As a further improvement, the limiting post and the connecting post are staggered in the front-to-back direction.
[0012] As a further improvement, the side surfaces of the limiting mating part that mate with the limiting part are all flat, and the side surfaces of the limiting part that mate with the limiting mating part are all flat.
[0013] As a further improvement, both the limiting structure and the mating structure include a main body and an adapter. The adapter is used to fix the main body, main beam, or inner shell to the rear support body, and the adapter is connected to the main body by a detachable fastener.
[0014] As a further improvement, the adapter is provided with at least two mounting positions for installing the main body, which are arranged front-to-back or side-to-side.
[0015] As a further improvement, the main body of the limiting structure and the mating structure is a profile.
[0016] The beneficial effects are as follows: The rear support for tunneling machines provided by this invention is an improvement upon existing technology. Based on existing technology, this rear support incorporates a limiting structure and a mating structure. When the tunneling machine begins uphill or downhill tunneling, the tail of the main beam or inner frame of the tunneling machine will sway vertically. The mating structure will sway along with the main beam or inner frame, causing the limiting mating part to move forward or backward, reducing the gap between the limiting mating part and its adjacent limiting part on the front or rear side. When the tunneling machine is located at the maximum or minimum design slope of the tunnel, the gap between the limiting mating part and its adjacent limiting part on the front or rear side is zero. If, due to unforeseen circumstances, the tunneling slope exceeds the maximum or minimum design value, the limiting mating part will press against the limiting part and exert force on it, forcing the limiting part and the rear support body to deflect slightly. This ensures that the sway angle of the vertical and horizontal steering devices relative to the main beam does not exceed the maximum sway angle allowed by the joint bearings on them, ultimately preventing damage to the joint bearings. When the tunneling machine begins to turn left or right, the mating structure sways left and right under the drive of the main beam, which also reduces the gap between the limiting mating part and the limiting part. Similarly, when the turning radius of the tunneling machine reaches the designed minimum turning radius, the gap between the limiting mating part and the limiting part is zero. If, due to unforeseen circumstances, the turning radius of the tunneling machine is less than the designed minimum turning radius, the limiting mating part will press against the limiting part and exert a force on the limiting part, forcing the limiting part and the rear support body to deflect slightly. This ensures that the sway angle of the vertical and horizontal steering devices relative to the main beam does not exceed the maximum sway angle allowed by the joint bearings on them.
[0017] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the tunneling machine provided by this invention is as follows: A tunneling machine includes a main beam or inner frame, and a rear support for the tunneling machine. The rear support includes a rear support body, a vertical steering device and a horizontal steering device connected to the rear support body, and a limiting structure and a mating structure. One of the limiting structure and the mating structure is installed on the rear support body, and the other is installed on the main beam or inner frame. The limiting structure includes at least two limiting parts arranged front and rear, and the mating structure includes a limiting mating part located between two adjacent limiting parts. A gap is left between the limiting mating part and the limiting part adjacent to its front side and / or the limiting part adjacent to its rear side.
[0018] As a further improvement, the limiting part includes at least two limiting posts arranged at left and right intervals, and the limiting mating part is a crossbeam extending in the left and right direction.
[0019] As a further improvement, the mating structure includes a connecting column, one end of which is fixedly connected to a crossbeam along its length, and two crossbeams are provided, located on the front and rear sides of the connecting column respectively.
[0020] As a further improvement, the mating structure includes at least two connecting columns arranged at intervals on the left and right, with one end of the connecting column along its length fixedly connected to the crossbeam.
[0021] As a further improvement, the limiting post and the connecting post are staggered in the front-to-back direction.
[0022] As a further improvement, the side surfaces of the limiting mating part that mate with the limiting part are all flat, and the side surfaces of the limiting part that mate with the limiting mating part are all flat.
[0023] As a further improvement, both the limiting structure and the mating structure include a main body and an adapter. The adapter is used to fix the main body, main beam, or inner shell to the rear support body, and the adapter is connected to the main body by a detachable fastener.
[0024] As a further improvement, the adapter is provided with at least two mounting positions for installing the main body, which are arranged front-to-back or side-to-side.
[0025] As a further improvement, the main body of the limiting structure and the mating structure is a profile.
[0026] The beneficial effects are: the tunneling machine provided by this invention is an improvement on the prior art. The rear support of this tunneling machine is equipped with a limiting structure and a mating structure based on the prior art. When the tunneling machine begins to tunnel uphill or downhill, the tail of the main beam or inner frame of the tunneling machine will swing up and down. The mating structure will swing along with the main beam or inner frame, thereby causing the limiting mating part to move forward or backward, reducing the gap between the limiting mating part and the limiting part adjacent to its front or rear side. When the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is located at the maximum or minimum design slope of the tunnel, the clearance between the limiting mating part and its front or rear limiting parts is zero. If, due to unforeseen circumstances, the tunneling slope exceeds the maximum or minimum design value, the limiting mating part will press against the limiting part and exert force on it, forcing the limiting part and the rear support body to deflect slightly. This ensures that the sway angle of the vertical and horizontal steering devices relative to the main beam does not exceed the maximum sway angle allowed by the joint bearings on them, ultimately preventing damage to the joint bearings. When the TBM begins to turn left or right, the mating structure sways left or right under the drive of the main beam, which also reduces the clearance between the limiting mating part and the limiting part. Similarly, when the turning radius of the TBM reaches the minimum design turning radius, the clearance between the limiting mating part and the limiting part is zero. If, due to unforeseen circumstances, the turning radius of the tunneling machine is less than the designed minimum turning radius, the limiting fitting will abut against the limiting part and exert force on the limiting part, forcing the limiting part and the rear support body to deflect slightly, thereby ensuring that the sway angle of the vertical and horizontal adjusting devices relative to the main beam does not exceed the maximum sway angle allowed by the joint bearings on them. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view from the side of Embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine in this invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view from the rear view of Embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine in this invention; Figure 3 This is a top-view cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine in this invention; Figure 4 This is a state diagram of the uphill tunneling process in Embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a lateral view of the state of the tunneling machine in Embodiment 1 of the present invention during uphill tunneling. Figure 6 This is a state diagram of the tunneling machine in Embodiment 1 of the present invention during the left and right turning process; Figure 7 This is a state diagram of the tooling used in Embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine of the present invention.
[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Main beam; 2. Rear support body; 21. Rear support base; 22. Telescopic drive device; 23. Support shoe; 3. Vertical adjustment device; 4. Horizontal adjustment device; 5. Connecting seat; 6. Pin shaft; 7. Mounting seat; 8. Limiting structure; 81. Limiting part; 801. Limiting column; 9. Mating structure; 91. Limiting mating part; 901. Connecting column; 902. Crossbeam; 10. Adapter; 11. Tooling. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.
[0030] To address the problems in the prior art, the basic concept of this invention is to cause the rear support body to undergo adaptive deflection when the vertical or horizontal turning range of the tunneling machine exceeds the design value, thereby avoiding damage to the joint bearing.
[0031] Specific embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention: A tunneling machine includes a main beam 1 and a rear support for the tunneling machine disposed at the tail end of the main beam 1. In this invention, the tunneling direction of the tunneling machine is defined as the forward direction, and the direction perpendicular to the forward and backward direction in the horizontal plane during horizontal tunneling is defined as the left and right direction.
[0032] See appendix Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 3 The rear support of the tunneling machine includes a rear support body 2, a limiting structure 8, a matching structure 9, a vertical adjustment device 3 and a horizontal adjustment device 4 connected to the rear support body 2.
[0033] The rear support body 2 includes a rear support base 21 and telescopic drive devices 22 installed on the left and right sides of the rear support base 21. The telescopic sections of the telescopic drive devices 22 are connected to support shoes 23. The two telescopic drive devices 22 can extend horizontally to the left and right respectively, thereby making the support shoes 23 tightly supported against the tunnel wall, thus fixing the entire rear support body 2 and providing stable support for the main beam 1, after which the step-changing operation can be carried out.
[0034] Both the vertical steering device 3 and the horizontal steering device 4 are connected between the rear support body 2 and the main beam 1. During horizontal straight tunneling, the vertical steering device 3 is in a vertical state, while the horizontal steering device 4 is in an inclined state. The vertical steering device 3 can control the vertical sway of the tail of the main beam 1, thereby controlling the tunneling machine's uphill or downhill tunneling; the horizontal steering device 4 can control the left and right sway of the tail of the main beam 1, thereby controlling the tunneling machine's left and right turning.
[0035] Both the vertical steering device 3 and the horizontal steering device 4 have a connecting seat 5 at one end for connection with the main beam 1. The connecting seat 5 has a connecting hole, and a pin 6 is installed inside the connecting hole. A spherical bearing is installed between the hole wall and the pin 6. The main beam 1 has a mounting seat 7 corresponding to the connecting seat 5, and the mounting seat 7 is hinged to the pin 6. During horizontal and straight tunneling, the axis of the pin 6 extends in the front-to-back direction, and the axis of the pin 6 coincides with the axis of the connecting hole. During turning tunneling, the pin 6 will sway along with the main beam 1, and the axis of the pin 6 will form an angle with the axis of the connecting hole. The spherical bearing allows the pin 6 to sway within a certain range, that is, it allows the vertical steering device 3 and the horizontal steering device 4 to sway relative to the main beam 1 within a certain range.
[0036] The limiting structure 8 is installed on the rear support body 2, and the mating structure 9 is installed at the tail of the main beam 1. The limiting structure 8 includes two limiting parts 81 arranged front and rear, and the mating structure 9 includes a limiting mating part 91 located between the two adjacent limiting parts 81. The front and rear dimensions of the limiting mating part 91 are smaller than the distance between the two adjacent limiting parts 81, so that a gap is left between the limiting mating part 91 and the adjacent limiting part 81 on the front side, and a gap is also left between the limiting mating part 91 and the adjacent limiting part 81 on the rear side during horizontal and straight tunneling.
[0037] When the tunneling machine begins its uphill tunneling process, see Appendix Figure 4 The rear support body 2 is braced against the lower part of the tunnel wall to allow space for the tail of the main beam 1 to swing downwards. Then, the rear support of the tunneling machine controls the tail of the main beam 1 to gradually swing downwards. During this process, the mating structure 9 will also sway along with the main beam 1, and the limiting mating part 91 of the mating structure 9 will move forward and obliquely upwards, thereby reducing the gap between the limiting mating part 91 and its front limiting part 81. See Appendix. Figure 5 When the tunneling machine is at the maximum slope designed for uphill tunneling during construction, the gap between the limiting fitting part 91 and the limiting part 81 on its front side is zero. If the tunneling slope exceeds the maximum design value due to unforeseen circumstances, the limiting fitting part 91 will press against the limiting part 81 and exert force on the limiting part 81, forcing the limiting part 81 and the rear support body 2 to deflect slightly, thereby ensuring that the sway angle of the vertical adjusting device 3 and the horizontal adjusting device 4 relative to the main beam 1 will not exceed the maximum sway angle allowed by the joint bearings on them.
[0038] During the tunneling machine's uphill tunneling process, after the step change is completed, the rear support body 2 will no longer be tightly braced against the tunnel wall. At this time, the rear support body 2 is suspended at the tail of the main beam 1 and moves forward together with the main beam 1. During this process, the rear support body 2 may sway back and forth. The cooperation of the limiting fitting part 91 and the limiting part 81 can prevent the rear support body 2 from swaying backward, thereby preventing the vertical adjusting device 3 and the horizontal adjusting device 4 from exceeding the maximum allowable sway angle of the joint bearings on them relative to the main beam 1.
[0039] The process of tunneling downhill is similar to that of tunneling uphill, and will not be described in detail here. The clearance between the limiting fitting part 91 and the limiting part 81 is related to the maximum allowable runout angle of the spherical bearing, which in turn is related to the design value of the maximum slope of the tunnel. Therefore, in different projects, if the design value of the maximum slope of the tunnel changes, the clearance between the limiting fitting part 91 and the limiting part 81 can be changed accordingly.
[0040] During the left and right turns of the tunneling machine, see the appendix. Figure 6 First, the rear support body 2 is firmly braced against the tunnel wall. Then, one of the two telescopic drive devices 22 extends while the other retracts, causing the rear support base 21 to shift to one side in the left-right direction. Simultaneously, the horizontal adjustment device 4 extends, keeping the main beam 1 in its original position. Afterward, the horizontal adjustment device 4 retracts, controlling the tail of the main beam 1 to gradually swing left or right. During this process, the mating structure 9 sways left and right under the influence of the main beam 1, also reducing the gap between the limiting mating part 91 and the limiting part 81. When the turning radius of the tunneling machine reaches the designed minimum turning radius, the gap between the limiting mating part 91 and the limiting part 81 is zero. If the turning radius of the tunneling machine is less than the designed minimum turning radius due to unforeseen circumstances, the limiting fitting part 91 will press against the limiting part 81 and exert force on the limiting part 81, forcing the limiting part 81 and the rear support body 2 to deflect slightly, thereby ensuring that the sway angle of the vertical adjusting device 3 and the horizontal adjusting device 4 relative to the main beam 1 will not exceed the maximum sway angle allowed by the joint bearings on them.
[0041] During the left and right turns of the tunneling machine, the tail of the main beam 1 will sway horizontally. For example, when the tunneling machine turns left, the tail of the main beam 1 will sway to the right. At the same time, the main beam 1 will drive the limiting fitting part 91 to move to the right. The limiting fitting part 91 will also sway as it moves to the right, specifically, the left end of the limiting fitting part 91 moves backward and the right end moves forward. However, after the limiting fitting part 91 moves to the right, its right end will no longer be limited by the limiting part 81. Therefore, the maximum deflection of the limiting fitting part 91 depends on the limiting condition of the limiting part 81 on its left end. The limiting condition of the limiting part 81 on the left end of the limiting fitting part 91 depends on the gap between the limiting part 81 and the limiting fitting part 91, and also on the relative position of the limiting part 81 and the limiting fitting part 91 in the left and right directions. Therefore, changing the gap between the limiting part 81 and the limiting fitting part 91 or changing the position of the limiting part 81 can adapt to different design values of minimum turning radius in different projects.
[0042] See appendix Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 and appendix Figure 3 In this embodiment, the limiting structure 8 includes four limiting posts 801, which are arranged in a rectangular pattern. Two limiting posts 801 aligned in the front-back direction form a row of limiting posts 801, and two limiting posts 801 aligned in the left-right direction form a row of limiting posts 801. Thus, the four limiting posts 801 are arranged in two rows and two columns. A row of limiting posts 801 constitutes a limiting part 81, that is, a limiting part 81 includes two limiting posts 801 spaced apart in the left-right direction.
[0043] The mating structure 9 includes two connecting columns 901 and two crossbeams 902. The two connecting columns 901 are spaced apart in the left-right direction, and the two crossbeams 902 extend in the left-right direction. The two crossbeams 902 are fixedly installed on the front and rear sides of the lower end of the connecting columns 901, respectively. The two crossbeams 902 constitute the limiting mating part 91 of the mating structure 9. The two crossbeams 902 are arranged on the front and rear sides of the connecting columns 901 to prevent the connecting columns 901 from colliding with the limiting columns 801 during the swinging process. The two connecting columns 901 and the two limiting columns 801 in the same row are staggered in the front-back direction, which also ensures that the connecting columns 901 will not collide with the limiting columns 801 during the swinging process. In other embodiments, the connecting columns 901 may not be staggered with the limiting columns 801, and only one crossbeam 902 may be provided and fixed on the lower end surface of the connecting column 901, which can also achieve the basic purpose of the present invention, and will not be elaborated here.
[0044] Both the limiting post 801 and the connecting post 901 are supported by I-beams, and the crossbeam 902 is made of channel steel. In other embodiments, the limiting post 801, the connecting post 901, and the crossbeam 902 can also be made of other profiles. The profiles have high strength, which can prevent the limiting post 801 or the connecting post 901 from bending and deforming too quickly during application, thus failing to play a good limiting role. Moreover, in this embodiment, the profiles used to process the limiting post 801 and the crossbeam 902 need to have flat sides. Specifically, the side of the limiting post 801 that mates with the crossbeam 902 is flat, and the side of the crossbeam 902 that mates with the limiting post 801 is also flat. In this way, when the crossbeam 902 and the limiting post 801 are pressed together, the corresponding flat surfaces on the crossbeam 902 and the corresponding flat surfaces on the limiting post 801 have a driving force to fit together, making it easier for the limiting post 801 to swing with the crossbeam 902.
[0045] In this embodiment, both the limiting structure 8 and the mating structure 9 have relatively simple and strong structures. Furthermore, by using the limiting post 801 as the limiting part 81 and the crossbeam 902 as the limiting mating part 91, it can be ensured that the crossbeam 902 can still cooperate with each other to play a limiting role after it can move up and down or left and right relative to the limiting post 801 within a certain range.
[0046] See appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 5 The limiting post 801 is the main part of the limiting structure 8, and the connecting post 901 and the crossbeam 902 are the main parts of the mating structure 9. In addition to the main parts, the limiting structure 8 and the mating structure 9 also include a converter 10. One end of the converter 10 is a fixed connection end and the other end is a detachable connection end. The fixed connection end is used to be fixedly connected to the rear support body 2 or the main beam 1, while the detachable connection end is used to be connected to the main body through detachable fasteners.
[0047] Taking the limiting structure 8 as an example, the fixed connection end of the adapter 10 of the limiting structure 8 is fixedly installed on the rear support body 2 by welding. The detachable connection end of the adapter 10 is provided with a threaded hole. The detachable fastener connecting the limiting post 801 and the adapter 10 is a bolt that mates with the threaded hole on the adapter 10. In other embodiments, the adapter 10 and the rear support body 2 can also be fixedly connected by bolts. In other embodiments, the detachable fastener can be a nut that mates with the threaded rod on the adapter 10, which will not be elaborated here.
[0048] If, after prolonged use, the limiting post 801, connecting post 901, or crossbeam 902 becomes worn or deformed and can no longer be used, the old limiting post 801, connecting post 901, and crossbeam 902 can be removed and replaced with new ones for continued use. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the adapter 10 can be omitted, and the limiting post 801 can be directly welded to the rear support body 2, and the connecting post 901 can be directly welded to the main beam 1.
[0049] The adapter 10 has at least two mounting positions, which can be arranged front-to-back or side-to-side, allowing the position of the main body to be adjusted according to different working conditions. The adapter 10 can be a single piece; for example, in one embodiment, only one adapter 10 is provided in the limiting structure 8, but this adapter 10 is connected to all four limiting posts 801. Each position on the adapter 10 that connects to the limiting post 801 has a set of threaded holes, thus forming one mounting position. The adapter 10 can also be a separate piece; for example, in one embodiment, each limiting post 801 in the limiting structure 8 corresponds to one adapter 10, thus forming one mounting position with four adapters 10.
[0050] When it is necessary to change the gap between the limiting mating part 91 and the limiting part 81, the front row of limiting posts 801 can be moved back and forth, or the rear row of limiting posts 801 can be moved back and forth, or the front row of limiting posts 801 can be moved back and forth while the rear row of limiting posts 801 moves back and forth simultaneously. Changing the gap between the limiting mating part 91 and the limiting part 81 allows the rear support of the tunneling machine to adapt to different maximum slope values designed for different projects.
[0051] When it is necessary to change the position of the limiting part 81, the left column of limiting posts 801 can be moved left or right, or the right column of limiting posts 801 can be moved left or right, or the left column of limiting posts 801 can be moved left or right while the right column of limiting posts 801 moves left or right at the same time.
[0052] The structure of the tunneling machine rear support in the K-type TBM is similar to that in the main beam type 1 TBM. The main difference is that the tunneling machine rear support in the K-type TBM is installed at the tail of the inner K-type TBM.
[0053] In this embodiment, the vertical steering device 3, the horizontal steering device 4, and the telescopic drive device 22 are all hydraulic cylinders. In other embodiments, they can also be pneumatic cylinders or electric actuators, which will not be elaborated here.
[0054] See appendix Figure 7 In this embodiment, the rear support body 2 can be used in conjunction with the tooling 11 used to provide support for the support shoe 23, thereby adapting to the tunnel wall at different locations. The tooling 11 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.
[0055] In other embodiments of this example, the rear support body may not be limited to the form of horizontally bracing the hole walls to the left and right sides. It may also be, for example, the rear support in Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN116658180A, which will not be described in detail here.
[0056] Specific embodiment 2 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that the limiting structure is installed on the crossbeam, while the mating structure is installed on the rear support body. Despite the change in the installation positions of the limiting and mating structures, their operating principles remain the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be elaborated upon here.
[0057] Specific embodiment 3 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the limiting part in this embodiment contains only one limiting post, and the connecting post of the cooperating structure is also only provided as one.
[0058] Specific embodiment 4 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that it has three limiting parts, meaning there are three rows of limiting columns arranged front and back, and two limiting mating parts, meaning there are two sets of the combined structure of the crossbeam and connecting column. The three rows of limiting columns have two interval spaces in the front-back direction, and the two sets of crossbeams and connecting columns are located in the two interval spaces respectively.
[0059] Compared to Example 1, the limiting structure and mating structure in this example have higher strength and therefore a longer service life.
[0060] Specific embodiment 5 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the limiting structure in this embodiment is a U-shaped part. The two arms of the U-shaped part respectively constitute two limiting parts. Therefore, the two limiting parts in this embodiment are integrally connected.
[0061] Specific embodiment 6 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the main body of the limiting structure and the mating structure in this embodiment is a non-profile material. Specifically, the limiting part of the limiting structure is two limiting plates arranged front and back, and the mating structure is a mating plate located between the limiting plates. The lower end of the mating plate constitutes the limiting mating part.
[0062] Specific embodiment 7 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the limiting column, connecting column and crossbeam are all made of round steel pipes. Their connection relationship is the same, and will not be described in detail here.
[0063] Specific embodiments of the tunneling machine rear support provided by the present invention: The rear support of the tunneling machine is any one of the specific embodiments 1-7 of the tunneling machine described above, and will not be elaborated here.
[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A tunneling machine, comprising a main beam / inner frame and a rear support, the rear support comprising a rear support body, a vertical steering device and a horizontal steering device connected to the rear support body, wherein the ends of the vertical and horizontal steering devices connected to the main beam / inner frame are provided with connecting seats, the connecting seats are provided with connecting holes, the connecting holes are provided with pins, and a spherical bearing is provided between the connecting holes and the pins; the rear support body comprises a left-right extending rear support base and support shoes provided at the left and right ends of the rear support base and capable of horizontally bracing the tunnel wall under the action of a telescopic drive device, characterized in that... The rear support of the tunneling machine also includes a mating structure located on the lower side of the main beam / inner frame and extending downwards perpendicular to the main beam / inner frame, and a limiting structure located on the upper side of the rear support base and extending upwards. The limiting structure includes two limiting parts arranged front and rear, and each limiting part includes at least two limiting columns arranged horizontally and extending vertically. The mating structure includes a vertically extending connecting column and a crossbeam connected to the lower end of the connecting column and extending horizontally. The crossbeam is located between the two limiting parts. There is a gap between the mating structure and the limiting parts on its front and rear sides. The gap value is set according to the maximum allowable sway angle of the joint bearing. When the tunneling slope is equal to the design maximum value, the gap between the crossbeam and the limiting part on its front or rear side is zero. When the tunneling slope exceeds the design maximum value, the crossbeam abuts against the limiting part and exerts a force on the limiting part, causing the limiting part and the main body of the rear support to deflect, so that the sway angle of the vertical and horizontal adjusting devices relative to the main beam / inner frame does not exceed the maximum allowable sway angle of the joint bearing on its upper side.
2. The tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the limiting posts and connecting posts are made of I-beams, and the crossbeams are made of channel steel.
3. The tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the connecting column along its length is fixedly connected to the crossbeam, and there are two crossbeams located on the front and rear sides of the connecting column, respectively.
4. The tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting columns are arranged at least two spaced apart on the left and right, and one end of the connecting column along its length is fixedly connected to the crossbeam.
5. The tunneling machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The limiting posts and connecting posts are staggered in the left and right directions.
6. The tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The sides of the limiting part that mate with the limiting part are all flat.
7. The tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Both the limiting structure and the mating structure include a main body and an adapter. The adapter is used to fix the main body, main beam or inner shell of the rear support. The adapter and the main body are connected by detachable fasteners.
8. The tunneling machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adapter has at least two mounting positions for installing the main body, which are arranged front-to-back or side-to-side.
9. The tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The main components of the limiting structure and the mating structure are profiles.
10. A rear support for a tunneling machine, comprising a rear support body, a vertical steering device and a horizontal steering device connected to the rear support body, wherein the ends of the vertical and horizontal steering devices for connecting to the main beam / inner wall are provided with connecting seats, the connecting seats are provided with connecting holes, the connecting holes are provided with pins, and a spherical bearing is provided between the connecting holes and the pins; the rear support body includes a rear support base extending to the left and right and support shoes provided at the left and right ends of the rear support base and capable of horizontally bracing the tunnel wall under the action of a telescopic drive device, characterized in that... The rear support of the tunneling machine also includes a limiting structure that is set on the upper side of the rear support base and extends upward, and a mating structure that is installed on the lower side of the main beam / inner frame and extends downward perpendicularly to the main beam / inner frame. The limiting structure includes two limiting parts set at the front and rear, and each limiting part includes at least two limiting columns that are arranged horizontally and extend vertically. The mating structure includes a vertically extending connecting column and a crossbeam that is connected to the lower end of the connecting column and extends horizontally. The crossbeam is located between the two limiting parts. There is a gap between the mating structure and the limiting part on its front side and / or the limiting part on its rear side. The gap value is set according to the maximum allowable sway angle of the joint bearing. When the tunneling slope is equal to the design maximum value, the gap between the limiting mating part and the limiting part on its front side or the limiting part on its rear side is zero. When the tunneling slope exceeds the design maximum value, the limiting mating part abuts against the limiting part and exerts a force on the limiting part, causing the limiting part and the rear support body to deflect, so that the sway angle of the vertical adjustment device and the horizontal adjustment device relative to the main beam does not exceed the maximum allowable sway angle of the joint bearing on its upper side.
11. The rear support for a tunneling machine according to claim 10, characterized in that, Both the limiting posts and connecting posts are made of I-beams, and the crossbeams are made of channel steel.
12. The rear support for a tunneling machine according to claim 10, characterized in that, One end of the connecting column along its length is fixedly connected to the crossbeam, and there are two crossbeams located on the front and rear sides of the connecting column, respectively.
13. The rear support for a tunneling machine according to claim 10, characterized in that, The connecting columns are arranged at least two spaced apart on the left and right, and one end of the connecting column along its length is fixedly connected to the crossbeam.
14. The tunneling machine rear support according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The limiting posts and connecting posts are staggered in the left and right directions.
15. The tunneling machine rear support according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, The sides of the limiting part that mate with the limiting part are all flat.
16. The tunneling machine rear support according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, Both the limiting structure and the mating structure include a main body and an adapter. The adapter is used to fix the main body, main beam or inner shell of the rear support. The adapter and the main body are connected by detachable fasteners.
17. The rear support for a tunneling machine according to claim 16, characterized in that, The adapter has at least two mounting positions for installing the main body, which are arranged front-to-back or side-to-side.
18. The tunneling machine rear support according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, The main components of the limiting structure and the mating structure are profiles.