A test device for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of marine main shaft performance testing technology, and discloses a test device for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft. The device includes a shafting test bench, a drive shaft located on the right side of the ship's gearbox, a shaft power speed measuring component on the top of the test bench, a push rod assembly on the top of the test bench, and a torque-speed sensor fixedly installed on the left side of the magnetic powder brake. This test device simulates the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft by applying forces in three directions to the drive shaft using a first, second, and third electric push rod, simulating the effect of ocean wave impact on shaft deformation. Data such as rotational speed, strain, torque, vibration frequency, shaft power, and noise frequency are collected from the drive shaft and uploaded by an industrial control computer and host server to a digital twin platform system for three-dimensional reconstruction, thereby enabling visual analysis and study of the impact of ocean wave fluctuations on the ship's shafting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine main shaft performance testing technology, specifically a test device for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft. Background Technology

[0002] The shipping industry plays a vital role in safeguarding national maritime rights and economic security, promoting foreign trade development, and facilitating industrial transformation and upgrading. As ships are essential equipment for the development of the shipping industry, the ship's power system is regarded as the "heart" of the ship's overall structure. Among them, the shafting (including bearings) is a key part connecting the main engine and the propeller. It needs to operate in an environment with complex working modes, diverse operating environments, variable operating conditions, and harsh operating conditions. The performance of the ship's shafting has strong time-varying characteristics, environmental responsiveness, and system coupling. During the ship's navigation, the surging of ocean waves will also have a certain impact on the structure and stability of the ship's drive shaft. Therefore, the study of simulating the impact of ocean waves on the drive shaft is a key topic of discussion at present.

[0003] A search revealed a detection method, a counterweight plate, and a detection method for ship shafting in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN114252198A. This method involves selecting two locations on the ship shafting: one near the propeller and the other near the coupling, as the first and second detection positions. The counterweight is adjusted at these locations to detect the imbalance. However, this method lacks a simulation test to address the deformation of the ship's drive shaft structure caused by wave impact during propulsion. Therefore, further three-dimensional simulation analysis of the experimental data is impossible. Consequently, the method for studying the impact of waves on ship shafting requires further improvement. This leads to the proposal of an experimental device to simulate the impact of waves on the drive shaft. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a test device for simulating the impact of ocean waves on a drive shaft. It has the advantages of simulating ocean waves to conduct elastic bending tests on the shaft and rapidly collecting experimental data for three-dimensional simulation and display. This solves the problem that the ship shafting detection methods in the background technology cannot conduct data simulation tests on the impact of ocean waves on the shafting during propulsion.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the purpose of conducting shaft elastic bending tests by simulating ocean waves and rapidly collecting experimental data for three-dimensional simulation display, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a test device for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a transmission shaft, including a shaft test bench, wherein a simulation test structure is provided on the inner side of the shaft test bench;

[0008] The simulation test structure includes a drive motor and a diesel engine, both fixedly installed on the top left side of the shaft system test bench. The output end of the diesel engine is fixedly connected to a marine gearbox. A transmission main shaft is located on the right side of the marine gearbox. A shaft power speed measuring component is located on the top of the shaft system test bench. A push rod component is located on the top of the shaft system test bench. A magnetic powder brake is fixedly installed on the top right side of the shaft system test bench. A torque and speed sensor is fixedly installed on the left side of the magnetic powder brake.

[0009] Preferably, the left and right sides of the ship gearbox are rotatably connected to a power input shaft and a power output shaft, respectively. The output end of the diesel engine is coaxially fixed to the power input shaft via a coupling. The ship gearbox is equipped with a speed-changing gear structure. The right end of the power output shaft is fixedly connected to the left end of the transmission main shaft.

[0010] Preferably, both the drive motor and the diesel engine are electrically connected to a digital twin platform system, the digital twin platform system is data-connected to an industrial control computer, the industrial control computer is externally connected to a host server via data signals, and the host server is data-connected to the digital twin platform system.

[0011] Preferably, the shaft power speed measuring component includes a mounting ring frame fixed to the top of the shaft system test bench, the transmission main shaft is suspended inside the mounting ring frame, a photoelectric speed sensor is fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the mounting ring frame, the photoelectric speed sensor has a transmitting tube and a receiving tube on the side facing the reflector, and a reflector is fixedly connected to the outside of the transmission main shaft.

[0012] Preferably, four strain gauges are attached to the outside of the transmission spindle. The four strain gauges are evenly distributed along the center line of the transmission spindle at a 45-degree angle. An eddy current vibration sensor is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the mounting ring frame. An eddy current sensing probe is provided at the bottom of the eddy current vibration sensor.

[0013] Preferably, the push rod assembly includes a positioning frame with an L-shaped structure fixed to the top of the shaft system experimental platform. The inner top wall and inner front wall of the positioning frame are respectively fixed with a first electric push rod and a second electric push rod, and a third electric push rod is fixedly installed on the top of the shaft system experimental platform.

[0014] Preferably, an octagonal sleeve is coaxially fixed to the outside of the transmission spindle, and a buffer spring is fixedly connected to one end of the first electric push rod, the second electric push rod, and the third electric push rod at the end facing the octagonal sleeve. A pressure sensor is fixedly connected to one end of each buffer spring.

[0015] Preferably, two bearing supports are fixedly installed on the top of the shaft system test bench, the transmission main shaft is rotatably connected to the inner side of the two bearing supports, and a Y-shaped lubricating oil delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the front of the two bearing supports.

[0016] Preferably, the lubricating oil delivery pipe is connected to an oil storage tank at the end away from the two bearing supports, a noise sensor is fixedly installed on the outside of one of the bearing supports, and the torque and speed sensor is fixedly connected to a coupling at the end away from the magnetic powder brake, the coupling being coaxially fixed to the right end of the transmission main shaft.

[0017] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a test device for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. This experimental device for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft simulates the operation of a ship's shafting system by setting up a diesel engine, a ship's gearbox, and a drive shaft. Electric push rod structures are set on the upper, lower, and front sides of the drive shaft. The first, second, and third electric push rods apply force to the drive shaft in three directions, resulting in an elastic deformation of 1 mm on the drive shaft, which can effectively simulate the effect of ocean wave impact on shaft deformation.

[0020] 2. This experimental device for simulating the impact of ocean waves on the drive shaft uses photoelectric speed sensors, strain gauges, eddy current vibration sensors, torque-speed sensors, and noise sensors installed on the outside of the drive shaft to detect data such as the rotational speed, torque, vibration frequency, shaft power, and noise frequency after bending deformation of the drive shaft. The collected data is received by the industrial control computer and uploaded to the digital twin platform system through the host server for three-dimensional simulation reconstruction, thereby visually analyzing and studying the impact of ocean wave fluctuations on the shafting of the ship. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft system experimental platform structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of part of the structure from a certain perspective;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1A schematic diagram of the push rod assembly from a visual perspective;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the central axis power velocimetry component;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the strain gauge structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection module of the digital twin platform system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the ship's midship state test according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ship's mid-arch state test according to the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Shaft system test bench; 2. Simulation test structure; 201. Drive motor; 202. Diesel engine; 203. Marine gearbox; 204. Transmission main shaft; 205. Shaft power speed measuring assembly; 2051. Mounting ring frame; 2052. Photoelectric speed sensor; 2053. Strain gauge; 2054. Eddy current vibration sensor; 206. Push rod assembly; 2061. Positioning frame; 2062. First electric push rod; 2063. Second electric push rod; 2064. Third electric push rod; 207. Magnetic powder brake; 208. Torque speed sensor; 3. Digital twin platform system; 4. Industrial control computer; 5. Host server; 6. Octagonal sleeve; 7. Bearing support; 8. Noise sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Please see Figure 1-8 A test device for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft includes a shaft test bench 1, and a simulation test structure 2 is provided on the inner side of the shaft test bench 1.

[0032] The simulation test structure 2 includes a drive motor 201 and a diesel engine 202, both fixedly installed on the top left side of the shaft system test bench 1. The output end of the diesel engine 202 is fixedly connected to a marine gearbox 203. A transmission main shaft 204 is provided on the right side of the marine gearbox 203. A shaft power speed measuring component 205 is provided on the top of the shaft system test bench 1. A push rod component 206 is provided on the top of the shaft system test bench 1. A magnetic powder brake 207 is fixedly installed on the top right side of the shaft system test bench 1. A torque speed sensor 208 is fixedly installed on the left side of the magnetic powder brake 207.

[0033] Furthermore, the left and right sides of the ship gearbox 203 are respectively rotatably connected to a power input shaft and a power output shaft. The output end of the diesel engine 202 is fixed coaxially with the power input shaft through a coupling. The ship gearbox 203 is equipped with a speed-changing gear structure inside. The right end of the power output shaft is fixedly connected to the left end of the transmission main shaft 204.

[0034] Specifically, the ship's power system is composed of a drive motor 201, a diesel engine 202, and a ship gearbox 203, which are used to realize the ship's braking, acceleration, deceleration, and reversing. The drive motor 201 is model YVF2-280S-4, and the diesel engine 202 is model X6105BD5 with a speed of 1800 r / min.

[0035] The power output shaft of the ship gearbox 203 is connected to the transmission main shaft 204 to simulate the rotation effect of the transmission main shaft 204 during the ship's movement. The reduction ratio of the ship gearbox 203 is 3:1, and its reversing time is 10s.

[0036] Furthermore, both the drive motor 201 and the diesel engine 202 are electrically connected to the digital twin platform system 3. The digital twin platform system 3 is data-connected to the industrial control computer 4. The industrial control computer 4 is externally connected to the host server 5 via data signals. The host server 5 is data-connected to the digital twin platform system 3.

[0037] Specifically, the drive motor 201 and diesel engine 202 are electrically connected to the digital twin platform system 3 to facilitate the uploading of the ship's power data. The industrial control computer 4 monitors the detection data of various sensing components in the shafting test bench 1, thereby facilitating the sending of corresponding control commands to the shafting test bench 1. The host server 5 is connected to the industrial control computer 4 via the MODBUS protocol to facilitate the retrieval of data from the specified path of the industrial control computer 4 and then upload the data to the digital twin platform system 3.

[0038] Furthermore, the shaft power speed measuring component 205 includes a mounting ring frame 2051 fixed to the top of the shaft system test bench 1, a transmission main shaft 204 suspended inside the mounting ring frame 2051, a photoelectric speed sensor 2052 fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the mounting ring frame 2051, the photoelectric speed sensor 2052 has a transmitting tube and a receiving tube on the side facing the reflector, and a reflector is fixedly connected to the outside of the transmission main shaft 204.

[0039] Specifically, the transmission spindle 204 rotates in mid-air inside the mounting ring 2051. At this time, the reflector rotates synchronously with the transmission spindle 204 and emits detection light to the transmission spindle 204 through the emitting tube of the photoelectric speed sensor 2052. Each time the reflector passes through the detection area, the receiving tube receives a reflected signal, and the photoelectric converter inside the photoelectric speed sensor 2052 outputs a pulse signal. The speed data of the transmission spindle 204 can be obtained by the pulse counting algorithm module of the industrial control computer 4. The reflector can be made of reflective paper tape (adhesive tape) or aluminum foil and other reflective materials.

[0040] Furthermore, four strain gauges 2053 are attached to the outside of the transmission main shaft 204. The four strain gauges 2053 are evenly distributed along the center line of the transmission main shaft 204 at a 45-degree angle. An eddy current vibration sensor 2054 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the mounting ring 2051. An eddy current sensing probe is provided at the bottom of the eddy current vibration sensor 2054.

[0041] Specifically, by setting strain gauges 2053 outside the transmission spindle 204, four strain gauges 2053 are distributed along the center line of the transmission spindle 204 at a 45-degree angle to form a full-bridge circuit. When the transmission spindle 204 rotates, deformation stress will be generated on the shaft surface. At this time, the stress is transmitted to the strain gauges 2053, causing the resistance data of the strain gauges 2053 to change. The resistance data is transmitted to the industrial control computer 4 to detect the torque value and calculate the shaft power of the transmission spindle 204 based on the torque value.

[0042] Meanwhile, an eddy current vibration sensor 2054 is fixed to the inner top wall of the mounting ring 2051. Its bottom is an eddy current sensing probe structure. The eddy current sensing probe is used in combination with the eddy current principle to detect the change in the distance between the transmission main shaft 204 and the eddy current sensor, thereby detecting the vibration frequency data of the transmission main shaft 204.

[0043] Furthermore, the push rod assembly 206 includes a positioning frame 2061 with an L-shaped structure fixed to the top of the shaft system experimental platform 1. The inner top wall and inner front wall of the positioning frame 2061 are respectively fixed with a first electric push rod 2062 and a second electric push rod 2063. A third electric push rod 2064 is fixedly installed on the top of the shaft system experimental platform 1.

[0044] Specifically, a first electric push rod 2062, a second electric push rod 2063, and a third electric push rod 2064 are respectively installed on the upper and lower sides and the front side of the transmission main shaft 204, and the three electric push rods are used to apply deformation force to the transmission main shaft 204 in three directions.

[0045] Furthermore, an octagonal sleeve 6 is coaxially fixed to the outside of the transmission main shaft 204. The first electric push rod 2062, the second electric push rod 2063, and the third electric push rod 2064 are all fixedly connected to a buffer spring at one end facing the octagonal sleeve 6, and a pressure sensor is fixedly connected to one end of each buffer spring.

[0046] Specifically, each electric actuator is equipped with a buffer spring and a pressure sensor at the end facing the octagonal sleeve 6. The pressure sensor collects pressure data through Modbus RTU to facilitate control of the loading force of the electric actuator. The loading force of each electric actuator is 12KN, which can cause the transmission spindle 204 to deform by 1mm.

[0047] The first electric push rod 2062 and the third electric push rod 2064 are controlled to push the buffer spring and the pressure sensor module respectively, so that they apply loading force to the upper and lower sides of the octagonal sleeve 6 and the transmission main shaft 204. The purpose is to simulate the effect of the waves on the upper and lower sides of the transmission main shaft 204, that is, the simulation test of the waves on the hull sagging and camber state.

[0048] The purpose of controlling the second electric push rod 2063 to apply a loading force to the side of the octagonal sleeve 6 and the transmission main shaft 204 is to simulate the test of the force exerted by the waves on the lateral bending of the transmission main shaft 204.

[0049] Furthermore, two bearing supports 7 are fixedly installed on the top of the shaft system test bench 1. The transmission main shaft 204 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the two bearing supports 7, and a Y-shaped lubricating oil delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the front of the two bearing supports 7.

[0050] Specifically, lubricating oil is supplied to the inside of the two bearing supports 7 through the lubricating oil delivery pipe to ensure the rotation effect between the transmission main shaft 204 and the two bearing supports 7.

[0051] Furthermore, an oil reservoir is connected to the end of the lubricating oil delivery pipe away from the two bearing supports 7. A noise sensor 8 is fixedly installed on the outside of one of the bearing supports 7. A coupling is fixedly connected to the end of the torque and speed sensor 208 away from the magnetic powder brake 207. The coupling is coaxially fixed to the right end of the transmission main shaft 204.

[0052] Specifically, the noise sensor 8 is mainly composed of a vibrating diaphragm and a condenser electret microphone. Since there are free charges distributed on the vibrating diaphragm, when external sound waves cause the vibrating diaphragm to vibrate and produce a certain amount of displacement, the capacitance will change. The change in capacitance will produce a small voltage change, realizing the conversion of sound signal to electrical signal, thereby realizing noise frequency detection.

[0053] The magnetic powder brake 207 is a transmission element that uses magnetic powder as a medium to form a magnetic powder chain to transmit torque when energized. It mainly consists of an inner rotor, an outer rotor, an excitation coil, and magnetic powder. When a DC power supply is connected, an electromagnetic field is generated. The working medium, magnetic powder, forms a magnetic powder chain under the action of magnetic lines of force, connecting the inner rotor and the outer rotor, thereby achieving the purpose of transmitting and braking control torque. The torque and speed sensor 208 is connected to the transmission main shaft 204 through a coupling, which can detect the torque and speed power of the coupling and the transmission main shaft 204 when they rotate.

[0054] In summary, this experimental device for simulating the impact of ocean waves on a drive shaft simulates the operation of a ship's shafting system by setting up a diesel engine 202, a ship's gearbox 203, and a drive shaft 204. Electric push rod structures are installed on the upper, lower, and front sides of the drive shaft 204. The first electric push rod 2062, the second electric push rod 2063, and the third electric push rod 2064 apply forces to the drive shaft 204 in three directions, resulting in a 1mm elastic deformation in the drive shaft 204. This effectively simulates the effect of ocean wave impact on shaft deformation. The external components of the main shaft 204 are equipped with a photoelectric speed sensor 2052, a strain gauge 2053, an eddy current vibration sensor 2054, a torque speed sensor 208, and a noise sensor 8 to detect data such as the rotational speed, torque, vibration frequency, shaft power, and noise frequency after bending deformation of the main shaft 204. The collected data is received by the industrial control computer 4 and uploaded to the digital twin platform system 3 through the host server 5 for three-dimensional simulation and reconstruction, thereby visually analyzing and studying the impact of the ship's shafting system on the undulation of the sea waves.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0056] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft, comprising a shaft system test bench (1), characterized in that: The inner side of the shaft system test bench (1) is provided with a simulation test structure (2); The simulation test structure (2) includes a drive motor (201) and a diesel engine (202) both fixedly installed on the top left side of the shaft system test bench (1). The output end of the diesel engine (202) is fixedly connected to a ship gearbox (203). A transmission main shaft (204) is provided on the right side of the ship gearbox (203). A shaft power speed measuring component (205) is provided on the top of the shaft system test bench (1). A push rod component (206) is provided on the top of the shaft system test bench (1). A magnetic powder brake (207) is fixedly installed on the top right side of the shaft system test bench (1). A torque speed sensor (208) is fixedly installed on the left side of the magnetic powder brake (207). The left and right sides of the ship gearbox (203) are respectively rotatably connected to a power input shaft and a power output shaft. The output end of the diesel engine (202) is fixed coaxially with the power input shaft through a coupling. The ship gearbox (203) is equipped with a speed-changing gear structure. The right end of the power output shaft is fixedly connected to the left end of the transmission main shaft (204). The drive motor (201) and the diesel engine (202) are both electrically connected to the digital twin platform system (3). The digital twin platform system (3) is data-connected to the industrial control computer (4). The industrial control computer (4) is externally connected to the host server (5) via data signals. The host server (5) is data-connected to the digital twin platform system (3). The shaft power speed measuring assembly (205) includes a mounting ring frame (2051) fixed to the top of the shaft system test bench (1). The transmission main shaft (204) is suspended inside the mounting ring frame (2051). A photoelectric speed sensor (2052) is fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the mounting ring frame (2051). The photoelectric speed sensor (2052) has a transmitting tube and a receiving tube on the side facing the reflector. A reflector is fixedly connected to the outside of the transmission main shaft (204). The push rod assembly (206) includes a positioning frame (2061) fixed to the top of the shaft system test bench (1) and having an L-shaped structure. The inner top wall and inner front wall of the positioning frame (2061) are respectively fixed with a first electric push rod (2062) and a second electric push rod (2063). The top of the shaft system test bench (1) is fixedly installed with a third electric push rod (2064). An octagonal sleeve (6) is coaxially fixed to the outside of the transmission main shaft (204). The first electric push rod (2062), the second electric push rod (2063), and the third electric push rod (2064) are all fixedly connected to a buffer spring at one end facing the octagonal sleeve (6). A pressure sensor is fixedly connected to one end of each buffer spring.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four strain gauges (2053) are attached to the outside of the transmission main shaft (204). The four strain gauges (2053) are evenly distributed along the center line of the transmission main shaft (204) at a 45-degree angle. An eddy current vibration sensor (2054) is fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the mounting ring frame (2051). An eddy current sensing probe is provided at the bottom of the eddy current vibration sensor (2054).

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the shaft system test bench (1) is fixedly installed with two bearing supports (7). The transmission main shaft (204) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the two bearing supports (7). The front of the two bearing supports (7) is fixedly connected with a Y-shaped lubricating oil delivery pipe.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effect of ocean waves on a drive shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lubricating oil delivery pipe is connected to an oil storage tank at one end away from the two bearing supports (7). A noise sensor (8) is fixedly installed on the outside of one of the bearing supports (7). The torque speed sensor (208) is fixedly connected to a coupling at one end away from the magnetic powder brake (207). The coupling is coaxially fixed with the right end of the transmission main shaft (204).

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