Composite supporting structure using honeycomb material as buffer layer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly discloses a composite supporting structure using a honeycomb material as a buffer layer, which comprises a primary support, a buffer layer arranged on the inner side of the primary support, a secondary lining arranged on the inner side of the buffer layer, and a buffer layer composite retaining structure using the honeycomb material as the buffer layer, the honeycomb material has elastic plasticity, so that the effect of protecting the secondary lining can be achieved, the bearing capacity of the primary support and the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock can be brought into full play, and the problem that the lining structure of an existing tunnel is damaged due to deformation of the surrounding rock is solved; the high specific strength and the high specific stiffness of the honeycomb material buffer layer can provide supporting capacity for a tunnel to a certain extent, the honeycomb material is a composite material and is also of a multi-layer structure, an interlayer of the honeycomb material is composed of a series of hexagonal, quadrilateral or honeycomb-like hole grids in other shapes, and the honeycomb-like hole grids can be used for supporting the tunnel. And thin panels or skins are glued (or brazed) on the upper and lower surfaces of the interlayer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and specifically discloses a composite supporting structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the in-depth development of tunnel engineering in my country in areas with complex geological conditions, the challenges encountered are increasing. In particular, in areas with high ground stress, deep buried layers, and complex geological structures, compressive deformation disasters frequently occur, such as cracks in the initial support structure, deformation of the steel arch frame, damage to the tunnel lining, and tunnel collapse, which greatly threaten the construction and operation safety of tunnels and underground projects.

[0003] For example, the utility model with the authorization announcement number CN220285769U discloses a tunnel XPS buffer layer construction structure, including a cement layer, installation grooves are provided on both sides of the top of the cement layer, a steel bar groove is provided on the inner wall of the installation groove, a support frame is inserted into the inner wall of the installation groove, and a steel bar is inserted through the inner wall of the support frame, and the surface of the steel bar is inserted through the inner wall of the steel bar groove. The present invention is provided with cement layers, installation grooves, steel bar grooves, installation grooves, support frames and steel bars, and the support frames and steel bars are inserted into each other, which effectively enhances the overall structure of the tunnel. The installation grooves are convenient for the staff to install and fix the support frames, and the steel bar grooves enhance the fixing effect of the steel bars, further improve the bearing capacity of the tunnel, and improve the safety and stability of the use of the tunnel. The structural style is relatively simple, the production is relatively fast, and the installation steps are relatively simple, which is convenient for the staff to install later. In response to this problem, the "forced hard top" support form was mostly adopted in the past, but it was later found that this rigid support was difficult to adapt to the long-term deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock. With the continuous improvement of construction technology and construction techniques, a support theory based on yielding support has gradually become more perfect and has attracted much attention. The difference of yielding support is that the support structure can provide higher support resistance, and at the same time has the ability to absorb and relieve stratum pressure, which can avoid the damage of the support structure caused by excessive rigidity. The buffer layer support is proposed based on the yielding support theory. The buffer layer is set between the primary support and the secondary lining to play the role of stress dispersion and deformation adaptation. However, the tunnel buffer layer always has the disadvantages of difficult design and high cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer to solve the problem that the support structure can provide a higher support resistance and has the ability to absorb and relieve formation pressure, thereby avoiding the problem of damage to the support structure due to excessive rigidity.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer, including initial support, a buffer layer is arranged on the inner side of the initial support, and a secondary lining is arranged on the inner side of the buffer layer. The buffer layer composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer can not only protect the secondary lining, but also give full play to the bearing capacity of the initial support and the surrounding rock, which is conducive to solving the problem of damage to the lining structure of the existing tunnel due to the deformation of the surrounding rock. In addition, the honeycomb material has elastic plasticity, and the high specific strength and high specific stiffness of the honeycomb material buffer layer itself can provide support capacity for the tunnel to a certain extent. When ice and snow freeze, the honeycomb material buffer layer has a certain pressure-yielding capacity and can protect the tunnel lining structure. The honeycomb material is a composite material and also a multi-layer structure. Its interlayer is composed of a series of hexagonal, quadrilateral or other shaped honeycomb-like cells, and thinner panels or skins are glued (or brazed) on the upper and lower surfaces of the interlayer as a surface layer. This structure gives the honeycomb material a series of special properties, such as impact resistance, recoverability, thermal insulation, etc.

[0006] Furthermore, the buffer layer includes an interlayer, which is provided with a plurality of honeycomb holes, and surface layers are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the interlayer, and the surface layers are fixedly assembled with the interlayer by gluing or brazing. These characteristics just meet all the characteristics required as a buffer layer. In addition, the honeycomb material is easy to process and form, and is durable. Therefore, the honeycomb material can increase the service life of the buffer layer and save costs to a certain extent. In addition, the honeycomb material is flexible in design. The properties of the honeycomb material can be changed by changing the materials used to make the honeycomb material according to the environment and topography. The mechanical properties of the honeycomb material can be changed by changing the size, shape, wall thickness, etc. of the honeycomb, and then the performance of the buffer layer can be changed, so that the buffer layer is suitable for various construction environments. In addition, the honeycomb material also has sound absorption and sound insulation properties, which can reduce the impact of vehicle noise on the environment around the tunnel, making the tunnel buffer layer compression support system more perfect.

[0007] Furthermore, a large area tightening component is provided along a plurality of honeycomb holes arranged in the same row, and the large area tightening component includes a connecting strip, which passes through a plurality of honeycomb holes arranged in the same row, fastening sleeves are respectively provided at both ends of the connecting strip, built-in sleeves are respectively provided at both ends of the fastening sleeve, and the same screw is provided through the interiors of the two built-in sleeves along the two ends, a built-in hole is opened at the end of the connecting strip, the screw passes through the built-in hole, and the other end of the screw is threadedly connected with a threaded cap.

[0008] Furthermore, a local tightening component is also arranged inside the large-area tightening component, and the local tightening component includes a center block. The center block is arranged inside the honeycomb hole, and a rope ring 1 is arranged on the surface of the center block, and a tightening rope passes through the rope ring 1.

[0009] Furthermore, a female nail is arranged on the inner wall of the honeycomb hole, an inner cavity is arranged inside the female nail, a pointed end is arranged at the end of the female nail, and a threaded protrusion is arranged on the surface of the female nail close to the pointed end.

[0010] Furthermore, a male head is inserted into the inner cavity, a knob is provided at the end of the male head, a rotating groove is opened inside the end of the male head, a turntable is rotatably provided inside the rotating groove, a rope ring 2 is fixed to the surface of the turntable through a bracket, and the interior of the rope ring 2 is penetrated by the tightening rope.

[0011] Furthermore, an internal thread is arranged on the inner wall of the inner cavity, and an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the male head, and the external thread and the internal thread are threadably connected with each other.

[0012] Furthermore, a conical protrusion is provided at one end of the male head in the inner cavity, and square sleeves are symmetrically distributed on the inner wall of the inner cavity. A square rod is penetrated inside the square sleeve, and a wedge block is fixed to the position of the square rod near the conical protrusion. A slope is provided on one side of the wedge block, and the slope is slidingly and tightly attached to the surface of the conical protrusion.

[0013] Furthermore, a sharp spur is provided at one end of the square rod away from the conical protrusion, a through hole penetrating the interior is provided on the inner wall of the inner cavity, the surface of the sharp spur extends outward through the interior of the through hole, a spring 1 is wound around the surface of the square rod, and the two ends of the spring 1 are respectively welded and fixed to the end face of the square sleeve and the surface of the sharp spur.

[0014] Furthermore, the local tightening assembly is also provided with an auxiliary buffer assembly, which includes a buffer seat, and the upper and lower ends of the central block are respectively provided with buffer seats, and the buffer block is slidably sleeved inside the buffer seat, and the end of the buffer block is provided with a buffer head, and the inside of the buffer seat is provided with a second spring, and the two ends of the second spring are respectively fixedly assembled with the inner wall of the buffer seat and the surface of the buffer block; A limiting groove is arranged on the inner wall of the buffer seat, a limiting block is arranged on the surface of the buffer block, and the surface of the limiting block is slidably connected with the inner wall of the limiting groove.

[0015] The working principle and beneficial effects of this scheme are as follows: 1. The composite retaining structure with a buffer layer using honeycomb material as a buffer layer can not only protect the secondary lining, but also give full play to the bearing capacity of the initial support and surrounding rock, which is conducive to solving the problem of damage to the lining structure of the existing tunnel due to deformation of the surrounding rock. In addition, the honeycomb material has elastic-plastic properties, and the high specific strength and high specific stiffness of the honeycomb material buffer layer itself can provide support capacity for the tunnel to a certain extent. When ice and snow freeze, the honeycomb material buffer layer has a certain pressure-releasing capacity and can protect the tunnel lining structure. Honeycomb material is a composite material and also a multi-layer structure. Its interlayer is composed of a series of hexagonal, quadrilateral or other shaped honeycomb-like cells, and thinner panels or skins are glued (or brazed) on the upper and lower surfaces of the interlayer as the surface layer. This The structure gives honeycomb materials a series of special properties, such as impact resistance, recoverability, thermal insulation, etc. These properties just meet all the properties required as a buffer layer. In addition, honeycomb materials are easy to process and form, and durable. Therefore, to a certain extent, honeycomb materials can increase the service life of the buffer layer and save costs. In addition, honeycomb materials are flexible in design. According to the different environments and topography, the properties of honeycomb materials can be changed by changing the materials used to make honeycomb materials. By changing the size, shape, wall thickness, etc. of the honeycomb, the mechanical properties of honeycomb materials can be changed, and then the performance of the buffer layer can be changed, making the buffer layer suitable for various construction environments. In addition, honeycomb materials also have sound absorption and sound insulation properties, which can reduce the impact of vehicle noise on the environment around the tunnel, making the tunnel buffer layer compression support system more perfect; 2. Based on the description in 1, in order to ensure that the overall buffering capacity of the buffer layer is balanced when it is laid, the buffer layer will be in an expanded form before it is laid, that is, it can be set as a rectangular structure. The rectangular structure is surrounded along the curved surface of the tunnel to form an annular buffer layer. In order to improve the buffer layer around the top of the tunnel and the top area, it will not be deformed by the bending or sagging force at both ends (deformation will cause the material to deform, resulting in a decrease in the buffering capacity of the sandwich structure), a connecting strip running through the same row of honeycomb holes is set along the same row of honeycomb holes across the curved surface of the tunnel. At both ends of the connecting strip, a fastening sleeve can be added so that the two ends of the connecting strip are installed. After the fastening sleeve is installed, the connecting bar can be limited between the same row of honeycomb holes of the interlayer. Then, screws are passed through the built-in sleeves on both sides of the fastening sleeve and the built-in holes on the connecting bar, so that the positions of the fastening sleeve and the connecting bar can be positioned. The fastening sleeve and the connecting bar can be fixed by the threaded connection between the threaded cap and the screw. Therefore, the connecting bar can be set in the same row of honeycomb holes and limited and positioned. When the interlayer is bent, the pulling effect of the connecting bar prevents the top of the interlayer and the two sides close to the top from being affected by the bending and falling forces and causing excessive deformation, thereby ensuring the buffering capacity of the interlayer. Then, the surface layers on the upper and lower sides of the interlayer are tightened auxiliaryly, so that the large area tightening of the entire buffer layer can be achieved. 3. As described in 2, after the large area is tightened, since the top or the area near the top needs to bear the load from above, and since the strength of the load will be affected by the different heights, areas with large loads appear in some positions. In order to avoid excessive loads and local deformation of the buffer layer, the center block can be fixed with the connecting strips through the previously determined position and placed in the corresponding honeycomb holes that need to be tightened locally. Then, different numbers of rope rings 1 are installed on the outer wall of the center block according to the shape of the honeycomb holes. At the same time, corresponding rope rings 2 can be installed at the inner corners of the honeycomb holes. By using the tightening rope to cooperate with the rope rings 1 and 2 to tighten, a single honeycomb hole can be pulled and tightened from the inside, thereby improving the local deformation resistance of the honeycomb hole at that location, and ensuring as much as possible that the buffering capacity of the buffer layer at that location will not be greatly reduced when deformation occurs or the load on top is large.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a composite lining support structure of a buffer layer of an embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of setting a buffer layer in an embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the buffer layer layering of an embodiment; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the interlayer development of an embodiment; Figure 5 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of point A of the embodiment; Figure 6 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of point B of the embodiment; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the inner structure of a honeycomb hole of an embodiment; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the distribution of female nails and male heads in an embodiment; Fig. 9 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection between the fastening sleeve and the connecting bar of the embodiment; Fig.10 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of point C of the embodiment; Fig.11 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of point D of the embodiment; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the internal connection between the buffer seat and the buffer block of the embodiment.

[0018] The following are marked in the accompanying drawings: Initial support 1, buffer layer 2, secondary lining 3, interlayer 20, honeycomb 21, surface layer 201; Large area tightening components: connecting strip 2001, fastening sleeve 2002, built-in sleeve 2003, screw 2004, built-in hole 2005, threaded cap 2006; Local tightening components: center block 2101, rope ring 1 2102, tightening rope 2103, female nail 2104, inner cavity 2105, tip end 2106, threaded protrusion 2107, male head 2108, knob 2109, rotating groove 2110, turntable 2111, rope ring 2112, internal thread 2113, external thread 2114, conical protrusion 2115, square sleeve 2116, square rod 2117, wedge block 2118, tip spur 2119, through hole 2120, spring 1 2121; Auxiliary buffer assembly: buffer seat 22, buffer block 23, buffer head 24, spring 25, limiting groove 26, limiting block 27. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods: Example like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, a composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer is disclosed, including an initial support 1, a buffer layer 2 is arranged inside the initial support 1, and a secondary lining 3 is arranged inside the buffer layer 2; The buffer layer 2 includes an interlayer 20, which is a honeycomb structure. A plurality of honeycomb holes 21 are formed on the interlayer 20. The honeycomb holes 21 are composed of a series of hexagons, quadrilaterals or other shapes. The upper and lower ends of the interlayer 20 are provided with surface layers 201, which are fixedly assembled with the interlayer 20 by gluing or brazing. The surface layer 201 is mainly made of a thinner panel or skin material. This structure gives the honeycomb material a series of special properties, such as impact resistance, recoverability, thermal insulation, etc. These properties just meet all the properties required as the buffer layer 2. In addition, the honeycomb material is easy to process and form, durable, etc. Therefore, to a certain extent, the honeycomb material can increase the service life of the buffer layer 2 and save costs. In addition, The honeycomb material is flexible in design. The properties of the honeycomb material can be changed by changing the materials used to make the honeycomb material according to the different environments and topography. The mechanical properties of the honeycomb material can be changed by changing the size, shape, wall thickness, etc. of the honeycomb, and then the performance of the buffer 2 can be changed, so that the buffer layer 2 is suitable for various construction environments. In addition, the honeycomb material also has sound absorption and sound insulation properties, which can reduce the impact of vehicle noise on the environment around the tunnel, making the buffer layer 2 of the tunnel more perfect. The interlayer 20 and the surface layer 201 are both made of thermoplastic elastomer material, which is a material with both rubber elasticity and plastic processability, has good elasticity and flexibility, and is suitable for various elastic skins and related elastic buffer applications.

[0020] A large area tightening component is arranged along a plurality of honeycomb holes 21 arranged in the same row, and the large area tightening component includes a connecting strip 2001, and the connecting strip 2001 passes through a plurality of honeycomb holes 21 arranged in the same row, and is slidably penetrated with the interlayer 20, and fastening sleeves 2002 are respectively arranged at both ends of the connecting strip 2001, and the fastening sleeve 2002 is slidably sleeved with the surface of the connecting strip 2001, and one end of the fastening sleeve 2002 is tightly arranged with the surface of the interlayer 20, and built-in sleeves 2003 are respectively penetrated at both ends of the fastening sleeve 2002, and the connection position of the built-in sleeve 2003 and the fastening sleeve 2002 is fixed by welding, and the same screw 2004 is penetrated inside the two built-in sleeves 2003 at both ends, and a built-in hole 2005 is opened at the end of the connecting strip 2001, and the position of the built-in hole 2005 is connected with the inner wall position of the two built-in sleeves 2003, and the screw 2004 The built-in hole 2005 is also set to penetrate, and the other end of the screw 2004 is threadedly connected with a threaded cap 2006. The end face of the threaded cap 2006 is tightly set with the end face of the built-in sleeve 2003 near the tail of the screw 2004. The connecting strip 2001 and the interlayer 20 are penetrated along a row, and the structure of fastening sleeves 2002 is set at both ends. With the penetration connection of the screw 2004, the connection and positioning of the interlayer 20 and the connecting strip 2001 can be achieved. The setting direction of the connecting strip 2001 is to cross the tunnel and can bend with the buffer layer 2. When the buffer layer 2 is bent, the connecting strip 2001 can be tightened in the bending direction as a whole, that is, a large area, to avoid the problem of reducing the buffering effect due to the deformation of the part located at the top of the tunnel due to the drooping force at both ends and the bending, and the deformation amplitude of the honeycomb structure of the buffer layer 2 at the top can be maximized.

[0021] A local tightening component is also arranged inside the large area tightening component, and the local tightening component includes a central block 2101. The central block 2101 is arranged inside the honeycomb hole 21. The central block 2101 is a cylindrical structure. The central block 2101 and the connecting strip 2001 are arranged through each other. The central block 2101 can be a prefabricated structure, which is arranged in advance in the area where local tightening is required, or the central block 2101 can also be made into a half-spliced ​​form, so that it is half-wrapped on the surface of the connecting strip 2001. After the central block 2101 covers the connecting strip 2001, it can be bonded and fixed by resin glue. A rope ring 2102 is arranged on the surface of the central block 2101, and the outer ring wall of the rope ring 2102 is welded to the surface of the central block 2101. A tightening rope 2103 is passed through the rope ring 2102. The tightening rope 2103 is a ring-shaped closed structure. The tightening rope 2103 is made of a high-density rubber material, has good toughness, and also has excellent tensile and deformation resistance. A female nail 2104 is also provided on the inner wall of the honeycomb hole 21. The female nail 2104 is inserted into the interior of the honeycomb hole 21. An inner cavity 2105 is provided inside the female nail 2104. A pointed end 2106 is provided at the end of the female nail 2104. The pointed end 2106 and the female nail 2104 are an integrated structure. The pointed end 2106 can facilitate the female nail 2104 to be better inserted into the interior of the honeycomb hole 21. A threaded protrusion 2107 is provided on the surface of the female nail 2104 close to the pointed end 2106. The threaded protrusion 2107 is tightly arranged with the thread on the groove of the honeycomb hole 21 opened in the interlayer 20, which can further improve the installation stability of the female nail 2104 and the interlayer 20. A male head 2108 is inserted into the inner cavity 2105, and a knob 2109 is provided at the end of the male head 2108. There are at least two knobs 2109, and one end of the knob 2109 is welded and fixed to the surface of the male head 2108. The male head 2108 can be manually rotated directly by the knob 2109. A rotating groove 2110 is provided inside the end of the male head 2108. A turntable 2111 is provided for rotation inside the rotating groove 2110. A rope ring 2112 is fixed to the surface of the turntable 2111 through a bracket. The interior of the rope ring 2112 and the tightening rope 2103 are penetrated. Through the stretching effect of the tightening rope 2103 and the pulling of the rope ring 1 2102 and the rope ring 2112, the inner wall of the honeycomb hole 21 in the area can have a tightening effect, and the tightening rope 2103 is pulled along the center block 2 Six outer ring walls of 101 are set, and the number of settings can be set according to the actual situation of the honeycomb hole 21. Through the multi-position pulling effect of the tightening rope 2103 at six positions, the tightening effect of the current honeycomb hole 21 from the inside can be achieved, so as to achieve a local tightening effect relative to the interlayer 20 part, and can achieve a small-scale tightening of the interlayer 20 in the part that bears a large load locally. That is, the tightening component in a large area can assist in tightening the interlayer 20 after bending. Since there will be different loads above the tunnel, the local tightening component can further assist in tightening the position of the honeycomb hole 21 of the interlayer 20 in the area with a large load, thereby reducing the problem of reduced buffering capacity due to excessive deformation of the local interlayer 20, so as to achieve the overall uniform buffering effect as much as possible; An internal thread 2113 is provided on the inner wall of the inner cavity 2105, and an external thread 2114 is provided on the outer wall of the male head 2108. The external thread 2114 and the internal thread 2113 are threadedly connected with each other. Through the threaded connection, the male head 2108 can be firmly pushed into the inner cavity 2105. A conical protrusion 2115 is provided at one end of the male head 2108 located in the inner cavity 2105. When the conical protrusion 2115 is connected to the inner cavity 2105, it can be better pushed. Square sleeves 2116 are symmetrically distributed on the inner wall of the inner cavity 2105. The outer wall of the square sleeve 2116 is fixedly assembled with the inner cavity 2105 through a bracket. The square sleeve 2116 A square rod 2117 is provided inside the inner cavity 2105, and the surface of the square rod 2117 is slidably sleeved with the inner part of the square sleeve 2116. A wedge block 2118 is fixed to the position of the square rod 2117 near the conical protrusion 2115. A slope is provided on one side of the wedge block 2118, and the slope is slidably and tightly set with the surface of the conical protrusion 2115. A sharp thorn 2119 is provided at the end of the square rod 2117 away from the conical protrusion 2115. A through hole 2120 penetrating the inner cavity 2105 is provided on the inner wall of the inner cavity 2105. The surface of the sharp thorn 2119 extends outward through the interior of the through hole 2120, and the end of the sharp thorn 2119 is inserted into the interior of the interlayer 20. To achieve limited fixation and improve the installation stability of the female nail 2104 and the interlayer 20, a spring 2121 is wound around the surface of the square rod 2117, and the two ends of the spring 2121 are respectively welded and fixed to the end face of the square sleeve 2116 and the surface of the tip spur 2119. When the conical protrusion 2115 enters the inner cavity 2105 of the female nail 2104 along with the male head 2108, the male head 2108 can gradually enter the inner cavity 2105 through the threaded connection between the external thread 2114 and the internal thread 2113, and simultaneously drive the conical protrusion 2115 to contact the inclined surfaces of the two wedge blocks 2118, and form an extrusion form, so that the wedge block 2118 can drive the square rod 2117 slides in the square sleeve 2116 and compresses the spring 1 2121, so that the tip thorn 2119 can extend outward and be inserted into the sandwich 20 structure, thereby realizing auxiliary anti-dropping of the female nail 2104 and the sandwich 20. The female nail 2104 itself can be threadedly locked with the groove provided in the sandwich 20 through the threaded protrusion 2107, thereby achieving a double anti-dropping effect. After the male head 2108 is connected with the female nail 2104, the rope ring 2112 can be fixed on the inner side of the honeycomb hole 21, and fixed with the corresponding rope ring 1 2102 through the tightening rope 2103, so as to realize the tightening and retraction of the honeycomb hole 21, thereby improving the anti-deformation ability of the honeycomb hole 21 in this area; An auxiliary buffer component is also provided on the local tightening component, and the auxiliary buffer component includes a buffer seat 22. Buffer seats 22 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the center block 2101, one end of the buffer seat 22 is fixedly assembled with the surface of the center block 2101, and a buffer block 23 is slidably sleeved inside the buffer seat 22. A buffer head 24 is provided at the end of the buffer block 23. The end of the buffer head 24 is a curved surface structure. The buffer head 24, the buffer block 23 and the buffer seat 22 are all made of rubber material. A spring 25 is provided inside the buffer seat 22, and the two ends of the spring 25 are respectively fixedly assembled with the inner wall of the buffer seat 22 and the surface of the buffer block 23. When the local load of the tunnel is too large, the best buffering effect cannot be achieved by relying solely on the buffering capacity of the interlayer 20. By adding an auxiliary buffer component, that is, the buffer block 23 can slide inside the buffer seat 22, and can have a telescopic displacement space, and can contact the structure on the outward side through the buffer head 24, and by setting the upper and lower ends , synchronous extrusion buffering can be performed from both sides, and the compression reset of the spring 25 is cooperated, so that when the local load is too large, it can have a stable auxiliary buffering effect. A limiting groove 26 is set on the inner wall of the buffer seat 22, and a limiting block 27 is set on the surface of the buffer block 23. The number of the limiting grooves 26 is at least two, and they are evenly distributed on the inside of the buffer seat 22. One end of the limiting block 27 is fixedly assembled with the buffer block 23, and the surface of the limiting block 27 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove 26. It can ensure that when the buffer block 23 is retracted in the buffer seat 22, it can avoid the buffer block 23 being connected to the buffer head 24 and the buffer seat 22 during the buffer displacement process. Separation and disengagement. Based on the local tightening component, an auxiliary buffer component is added. After tightening a large area of ​​the honeycomb hole 21, local tightening can be performed, and auxiliary buffer support is performed on the basis of local tightening, thereby improving the long-term buffering protection capability of the entire buffer layer 2 after it is put into use.

[0022] When implementing In order to ensure that the overall buffering capacity of the buffer layer 2 is balanced when it is laid, the buffer layer 2 will be in an expanded form before being laid, that is, it can be set as a rectangular structure, and the rectangular structure is surrounded along the curved surface of the tunnel to form an annular buffer layer 2. In order to ensure that the buffer layer 2 around the tunnel top and the top area will not be deformed by the bending or sagging force at both ends (deformation will cause the material to deform, resulting in a decrease in the buffering capacity of the sandwich 20 structure), a connecting bar 2001 that runs through the same row of honeycomb holes 21 is set along the same row of honeycomb holes 21 across the curved surface of the tunnel, and fastening sleeves 2002 can be added at both ends of the connecting bar 2001, so that after the fastening sleeves 2002 are installed at both ends of the connecting bar 2001, the connecting bar 2001 can be limited to the same row of honeycomb holes 21 in the sandwich 20. The socket holes 21 are then penetrated by screws 2004 through the built-in sleeves 2003 on both sides of the fastening sleeve 2002 and the built-in holes 2005 on the connecting strip 2001, so that the positions of the fastening sleeve 2002 and the connecting strip 2001 can be positioned, and the fastening sleeve 2002 and the connecting strip 2001 can be fixed by the threaded connection of the threaded cap 2006 and the screw 2004, so that the connecting strip 2001 can be arranged in the same row of honeycomb holes 21 and limitedly positioned. When the interlayer 20 is bent, the top of the interlayer 20 and the two sides close to the top will not be affected by the bending and falling forces and will not be deformed too much, thereby ensuring the buffering capacity of the interlayer 20, and then the surface layers 201 on the upper and lower sides of the interlayer 20 are coordinated to perform auxiliary tightening, so that the large area tightening of the entire buffer layer 2 can be achieved; After the large area is tightened, since the top or the area near the top needs to bear the load from above, and since the strength of the load will be affected by the different heights, some positions have areas with large loads. In order to avoid excessive loads and cause local deformation of the buffer layer 2, the center block 2101 can be fixed with the connecting strip 2001 through the previously determined position, and placed in the corresponding honeycomb hole 21 that needs to be tightened locally. Then, different numbers of rope rings 2102 are installed on the outer wall of the center block 2101 according to the shape of the honeycomb hole 21. At the same time, corresponding rope rings 2112 can be installed at the inner corner position of the honeycomb hole 21. The rope rings 1 2102 and the rope rings 2112 are tightened with tightening ropes 2103, so that a single honeycomb hole 21 can be pulled and tightened from the inside, thereby improving the local deformation resistance of the honeycomb hole 21 at that location, and ensuring as much as possible that the buffering capacity of the buffer layer 2 at that location will not be greatly reduced when deformation occurs or the load on top is large; When installing the rope ring 2112, first insert the female nail 2104 and the inner side of the honeycomb hole 21 into the structure of the interlayer 20, first open an inner groove corresponding to the female nail 2104 on the inner side of the honeycomb hole 21, and make a groove through a threaded drill hole so that the inner wall of the inner groove is provided with a thread structure corresponding to the thread protrusion 2107, then, send the female nail 2104 into the inner groove, and thread the thread structure inside it and the thread protrusion 2107 together to achieve the fixation of the female nail 2104, then, insert the male head 2108 into the inner cavity 2105, and thread the male head 2108 and the inner cavity 2105 together through the threaded connection between the external thread 2114 and the internal thread 2113, so as to achieve the fixation of the rope ring 2112 and the female nail 2104; When the male head 2108 penetrates into the inner cavity 2105, the conical protrusion 2115 at the end thereof contacts the inclined surfaces of the two wedge blocks 2118, and through the pushing effect, the square rod 2117 slides in the square sleeve 2116, so that the spring 1 2121 is compressed, so that the tip thorn 2119 passes through the through hole 2120 and is inserted into the structure of the interlayer 20, so that the female nail 2104 can have a further limiting effect on the interlayer 20, ensuring the stable installation of the female nail 2104 and the interlayer 20; In order to provide auxiliary buffering in areas with heavier loads, a buffer seat 22 structure is added at the upper and lower ends of the center block 2101. The buffer block 23 in the buffer seat 22 can slide in the buffer seat 22. Through the telescopic effect of the spring 25, the two buffer heads 24 arranged above and below can provide auxiliary buffering for areas with excessive loads, thereby further improving the buffering stability of the buffer layer 2. The limit block 27 slides in the limit groove 26 to prevent the buffer block 23 and the buffer seat 22 from slipping.

[0023] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer, characterized in that: It comprises an initial support, a buffer layer is arranged on the inner side of the initial support, and a secondary lining is arranged on the inner side of the buffer layer.

2. A composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer layer comprises an interlayer, a plurality of honeycomb holes are opened on the interlayer, and surface layers are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the interlayer, and the surface layers are fixedly assembled with the interlayer by gluing or brazing.

3. A composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 2, characterized in that: A large area tightening component is arranged along a plurality of honeycomb holes arranged in the same row. The large area tightening component comprises a connecting strip. The connecting strip passes through a plurality of honeycomb holes arranged in the same row. Fastening sleeves are respectively arranged at both ends of the connecting strip. Built-in sleeves are respectively penetrated at both ends of the fastening sleeve. The same screw is penetrated inside the two built-in sleeves at both ends. A built-in hole is opened at the end of the connecting strip. The screw passes through the built-in hole. The other end of the screw is threadedly connected with a threaded cap.

4. A composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: A local tightening component is also arranged inside the large-area tightening component, and the local tightening component comprises a central block. The central block is arranged inside the honeycomb hole, and a rope ring 1 is arranged on the surface of the central block, and a tightening rope passes through the rope ring 1.

5. A composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 4, characterized in that: A female nail is also arranged on the inner wall of the honeycomb hole, an inner cavity is arranged inside the female nail, a pointed end is arranged at the end of the female nail, and a threaded protrusion is arranged on the surface of the female nail close to the pointed end.

6. The composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 5, characterized in that: A male head is inserted into the inner cavity, a knob is arranged at the end of the male head, a rotating groove is opened inside the end of the male head, a turntable is rotatably arranged inside the rotating groove, a rope ring 2 is fixed to the surface of the turntable through a bracket, and the interior of the rope ring 2 is penetrated by the tightening rope.

7. A composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 6, characterized in that: An internal thread is arranged on the inner wall of the inner cavity, and an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the male head, and the external thread and the internal thread are threadably connected with each other.

8. The composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 7, characterized in that: A conical protrusion is provided at one end of the male head located in the inner cavity, and square sleeves are symmetrically distributed on the inner wall of the inner cavity. A square rod is penetrated inside the square sleeve, and a wedge block is fixed to the position of the square rod near the conical protrusion. A slope is provided on one side of the wedge block, and the slope is slidingly and tightly attached to the surface of the conical protrusion.

9. A composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 8, characterized in that: A sharp spur is provided at one end of the square rod away from the conical protrusion, a through hole penetrating the interior is provided on the inner wall of the inner cavity, the surface of the sharp spur extends outward through the interior of the through hole, a spring 1 is wound around the surface of the square rod, and the two ends of the spring 1 are respectively welded and fixed to the end face of the square sleeve and the surface of the sharp spur.

10. A composite support structure using honeycomb material as a buffer layer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The local tightening assembly is also provided with an auxiliary buffer assembly, which includes a buffer seat. The upper and lower ends of the center block are respectively provided with buffer seats. The buffer seat is internally slidably sleeved with a buffer block. The end of the buffer block is provided with a buffer head. The interior of the buffer seat is provided with a second spring, and the two ends of the second spring are respectively fixedly assembled with the inner wall of the buffer seat and the surface of the buffer block; a limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the buffer seat, a limiting block is provided on the surface of the buffer block, and the surface of the limiting block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove.

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