Marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on offshore energy

Abstract

The application provides a marine ranching and zero-carbon comprehensive energy system based on offshore energy, and specifically comprises a floating platform module, a marine ranching module, an offshore renewable energy power module, a wind power-hydrogen and ammonia conversion module, an intelligent control module, an offshore transportation system and a consumption terminal. The application realizes the functional integration of offshore energy and marine ranching, effectively improves the sea area intensive utilization rate, sea area resource development efficiency and marine resource development technical level, and effectively reduces the cost of marine resource development, forms complementary advantages, realizes industry integration, promotes the upgrading of the marine aquaculture industry and the cost reduction and efficiency increase of deep-sea offshore energy, and through the intelligent control module, the energy of offshore energy can be coordinated, the utilization rate of the power generation output of the offshore renewable energy power module is improved while the stable power grid operation is realized, and the wind power-hydrogen and ammonia conversion efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated energy development and application technology, specifically to a marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy. Background Technology

[0002] As the development of marine energy and resources gradually extends to the deep sea, the development of deep-sea wind energy and fishery resources not only faces increased technical challenges, but also suffers from drawbacks such as high cost, poor economic efficiency, low sea area utilization, and significant commercialization difficulties due to the reliance on single-form marine resource development equipment. Against this backdrop, a diversified and integrated development model for the comprehensive utilization of marine energy and fishery resources offers advantages in intensive and multi-dimensional sea use, and is also an effective way to promote the large-scale commercial development of deep-sea marine energy and modern marine ranching. The integrated development of marine energy and marine ranching allows for the sharing of marine space resources, collaborative design, construction, and operation and maintenance, reducing the design, construction, and operation and maintenance costs of individual development and increasing the overall benefits of integrated development. Marine energy field power supply systems can provide nearby electricity for marine ranching, while marine energy field communication systems can provide intelligent functions such as remote monitoring and automatic control. The structural facilities of marine energy fields can provide safety shelter support for marine ranches. For these reasons, the integrated development of marine energy and marine ranching is of great significance for promoting the joint development of marine energy and marine ranching towards intelligence and deep-sea operations.

[0003] Although marine energy and marine ranching are important components of the marine economy, their integrated development represents a significant new industrial model and future direction for intensive use of the sea. However, existing technologies focus on the spatial or structural integration of marine energy and marine ranching, without achieving functional integration between the two.

[0004] In the prior art, Chinese patent application CN117941639 A discloses an energy system and control method based on the integration of marine ranching and marine energy, including a marine ranch, a marine energy field, and a floating platform. The marine ranch includes brine shrimp farming equipment, and seawater seedling equipment, deep-sea cages, fishing equipment, and transport vessels connected sequentially according to the farming cycle. The floating platform includes heat pumps, seawater desalination equipment, water electrolysis equipment, methanol synthesis equipment, ice-making equipment, oxygenation equipment, automatic feeding equipment, fishing equipment, and power distribution equipment. According to the farming cycle, the output of the marine energy field is supplied by the power distribution equipment based on a power dispatch model, operating different power distribution strategies at seasonal, intraday, and short-term time scales to supply the required energy to each device. It also organically combines various resources to meet the energy consumption requirements of the marine ranching process, reduce the carbon emissions of the marine ranch throughout the entire production cycle, and reduce grid peak-shaving costs through the energy synergy between the marine ranch and marine energy. However, the above-mentioned patents and existing technologies still have the following defects: (1) Marine energy faces high development costs, large output fluctuations, and difficulties in power transmission. In particular, the output power of wind power generation is affected by environmental factors, and its output power fluctuates greatly and is difficult to predict. Its connection to the grid will bring certain voltage and frequency fluctuations, which will affect the stability of the grid and lead to a decline in the power supply quality of the grid. In actual operation, the output power of the wind farm may experience sudden changes such as a sharp increase or a sharp decrease. It is impossible to ensure reliable power distribution in the face of extreme changes in the output power of wind power generation. Therefore, it is impossible to guarantee the final smoothing effect of wind power and the efficient and reasonable configuration of capacity for the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. (2) In the production practice of marine ranches, there are problems such as uncontrollable natural environment of aquaculture, difficulty in power supply in aquaculture areas, and high energy consumption in seedling cultivation. (3) The wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion efficiency is low. In particular, the process design of the ammonia synthesis system is unreasonable, the system heat utilization rate is low, the ammonia conversion rate is low, the system production load and energy consumption are high, the marine transportation cost is high, and the economic benefits are low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy. This system can achieve functional integration of marine energy and marine ranching, as well as energy synergy of marine energy. It can stabilize the operation of the power grid while improving the utilization rate of wind power output and increasing the efficiency of wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion.

[0006] To achieve the above technical solution, this invention provides a marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy, specifically comprising: a floating platform module: including a platform compartment, ballast tank, mooring cables, buoys, and a lifting system, wherein the platform compartment is used to house equipment, or, in extreme weather conditions, equipment on the platform can be moved into the platform compartment via the lifting system; the ballast tank is used for the entire platform to be raised and lowered in extreme weather conditions to achieve overall lifting; the mooring cables are used to secure the platform to the seabed; and the buoys are used to support the platform compartment; and a marine ranching module: including a liftable enclosed aquaculture cage formed by netting and a steel frame, installed in the middle of the floating platform module, utilizing natural... The marine ecological environment project gathers artificially released economically valuable marine organisms for planned and purposeful marine stocking. In extreme weather conditions, the platform rises and falls with the fish, providing a relatively stable seawater environment after descent. Oxygen produced through water electrolysis or air separation is supplied underwater, ensuring suitable aquaculture conditions for the fish even in extreme environments. The project also includes offshore renewable energy power modules: offshore wind power modules and offshore photovoltaic modules. The offshore photovoltaic modules are installed on the floating platform modules to convert solar energy into electricity, supplying the floating platform modules, marine ranching modules, and wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion modules. The offshore wind power modules are independently installed on the floating platform. Beyond the platform module, wind energy is converted into electricity. Part of this electricity powers the floating platform module and marine ranching module, or charges the supercapacitor. The other part is sent to the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and synthesize ammonia. The wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module, a miniaturized, skid-mounted design, is installed on the floating platform module and includes an water electrolysis hydrogen production system and an ammonia synthesis system. The water electrolysis hydrogen production system includes an electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, a fuel cell, and a supercapacitor. When the electricity generated by the offshore renewable energy power module is used for water electrolysis and ammonia synthesis, it is consumed. When the output of the renewable energy power module is insufficient to meet load demand, the fuel cell consumes hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank to discharge. To compensate for the wind power shortage and meet the grid connection requirements; the supercapacitor balances the unbalanced power caused by the response delay of the electrolyzer and fuel cell through rapid charging and discharging; the ammonia synthesis system is used to synthesize ammonia. Hydrogen, fresh air, and unreacted gases produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system are transported to the compressor for mixing, and then to the ammonia synthesis tower for hydrogen-ammonia synthesis. After reaction in the ammonia synthesis tower, the resulting ammonia enters the heat exchange system for cooling and then enters the ammonia separator to separate the ammonia from the unreacted gases. The separated ammonia is then transported to the green ammonia storage tank for storage; the intelligent control module is used to absorb the fluctuations in the wind power output of the offshore renewable energy power module and to optimize the wind power capacity configuration;Maritime transport system: Utilizing ammonia-fueled hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessels, liquid ammonia produced by the ammonia synthesis system is transported to an onshore disposal terminal. Simultaneously, seafood caught from marine ranches is transported to a land-based distribution center. During transport, ammonia energy is used for long-term freezing and preservation. Disposal terminal: This terminal decomposes the liquid ammonia transported from the maritime transport system to produce hydrogen and nitrogen. The generated hydrogen is pressurized by a compressor and then refueled for use in vehicles or for fuel cell combustion to generate electricity.

[0007] Preferably, the floating platform module further includes seawater desalination equipment, a seawater lifting device, a transfer tank, an underwater hydrogen / oxygen storage device, and a hydraulic lifting system. The seawater lifting device lifts seawater to the transfer tank, where it is converted into fresh water by the seawater desalination device to meet the normal freshwater supply needs and provide a water source for the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment. The underwater hydrogen / oxygen storage device is used to store the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment. The hydraulic lifting system is used to raise or lower the platform compartments in different weather or marine environments.

[0008] Preferably, the marine ranching module includes a liftable net cage, a heat pump, an automatic feeding device, an automatic fish diagnostic device, a fishing pumping device, an ammonia freezing device, a control system, an oxygenation device, and a transport vessel. The liftable net cage adjusts its height according to water flow conditions to ensure the fish are in the most suitable aquatic environment. The heat pump provides heat to the water under abnormal temperature conditions. The automatic fish diagnostic device identifies the species, size, and health status of the fish during daily aquaculture, and automatically adjusts the operating conditions to meet the optimal requirements by uploading data to the control system. When fish are harvested, the fishing pumping device pumps them through pipelines to an ammonia freezing container, where an ammonia compressor refrigerates and freezes the fish for quick freezing and preservation. The oxygenation device supplies oxygen to the aquaculture water through water electrolysis or air separation, and the control system intelligently predicts oxygen supply to achieve oxygen-enriched aquaculture. The transport vessel uses an ammonia engine or a hydrogen fuel cell to obtain hydrogen and ammonia replenishment, ensuring the freshness of the fish and overcoming the short-term limitations of traditional ice-based methods, allowing for transport to land for distribution. It also enables energy supply to the open ocean.

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent control module absorbs fluctuations in wind power output power in the following manner:

[0010] S1. Determine the output power P of the offshore renewable energy power module. w (t) Whether the active power fluctuation limits for 1 minute and 10 minutes required for grid connection are met, if P w (t) If the standard is met, the output power of the wind farm can be directly connected to the grid; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0011] S2, Output power P of offshore renewable energy power module w(t) Perform n (n=1) level wavelet packet decomposition. Based on the characteristics of wind power signal, the db6 wavelet is used as the wavelet basis for wavelet packet decomposition.

[0012] S3. Reconstruct the nth layer wavelet coefficients after decomposition to obtain the low-frequency component S. n,0 With high-frequency fluctuation component S n,i ;

[0013] S4. Determine the low-frequency component S after n-level wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction. n,0 If the technical standards for wind farm connection to the power system are not met, repeat step S2 to perform n+1 layers of wavelet packet decomposition. When the fluctuation amplitude limit is met, determine the optimal number of layers for wavelet packet decomposition as n, and stop the loop.

[0014] Preferably, the wavelet packet decomposition method of the intelligent control module is as follows:

[0015] S21. Establish the allowable range of grid-connected power fluctuations for wind farms in accordance with the relevant requirements in the wind power grid connection standards;

[0016] S22. Determine the wind power generation capacity P w (t) Whether the grid connection requirements have been met. If not, wavelet packet decomposition is used to smooth the wind power generation P. w (t), gradually increasing the decomposition level n;

[0017] S23, when the decomposition yields P n,0 When grid connection requirements are met, n0 is denoted as the optimal decomposition layer number under the wind power fluctuation condition, and P is also denoted as... n,0 Let it be denoted as P0(t), P w The difference between P(t) and P0(t) is the fluctuation P in the original wind power generation. s (t), which is also the fluctuation that the water electrolysis hydrogen production system needs to absorb, P s (t) is obtained by superimposing a series of power components corresponding to different frequency ranges, and is also the wind power fluctuation component that the water electrolysis hydrogen production system needs to absorb. s (t) The input power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system is obtained by superimposing a portion of the positive power component through amplitude detection.

[0018] Preferably, the intelligent control module optimizes wind power capacity configuration in the following manner:

[0019] Step 1: Using the IWOA algorithm, first set the size of the whale population to N. p Then the initial population X = [x1, x2, ... x Np Maximum number of iterations t max Initialize the values ​​of A, C, and a, where A and C are random parameters and a is a control parameter;

[0020] Step 2: Calculate the fitness value {f(Xi), i = 1, 2, ..., Np} for each individual, and record the current best individual and its position X. best ;

[0021] Step 3: Calculate the convergence factor a according to Formula 1, and then update the values ​​of A and C according to Formula 2 and Formula 3;

[0022]

[0023] A = 2ar - a (Formula 2);

[0024] C = 2r (Formula 3);

[0025] Where r is a random number in [0,1];

[0026] Step 4: Perform random difference mutation perturbation on the best individual in the current group, and update the current whale individual position using Equation 4;

[0027] X t+1 =r×(X) best -X t )+r×(X rand -X t ) Formula 4;

[0028] Where X rand Individual whales were randomly selected.

[0029] Step 5: Determine if the number of iterations t has reached its maximum value t. max If the maximum number of iterations is reached, the fitness value of the best solution is output; otherwise, return to step 3 to continue execution.

[0030] Preferably, the ammonia synthesis system specifically includes a compressor, an ammonia synthesis tower, a waste heat boiler, a heat exchanger, a deoxygenated water preheater, a water cooler, an aftercooler, a condenser, a circulating machine, an ammonia separator, a first ammonia cooler, a second ammonia cooler, a first-stage flash tank, a second-stage flash tank, and an absorption tower. The compressor's inlet is connected via pipelines to the hydrogen outlet of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a fresh air pipeline. The compressor's outlet is connected to the ammonia synthesis tower's inlet. The ammonia synthesis tower's outlet is connected to the waste heat boiler's inlet. The waste heat boiler's outlet is connected via a pipeline to the heat exchanger's inlet. The heat exchanger's outlet is connected to the deoxygenated water preheater's inlet. The deoxygenated water preheater's outlet is connected to the water cooler's inlet. The water cooler's outlet is connected to the aftercooler's inlet. The aftercooler's outlet is connected to the condenser's first inlet. The first outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the circulating machine. The outlet of the circulating machine is connected to the inlet of the compressor via a pipe. The second outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the first-stage flash tank via a pipe. The third outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the first ammonia cooler. The outlet of the first ammonia cooler is connected to the inlet of the second ammonia cooler. The outlet of the second ammonia cooler is connected to the inlet of the ammonia separator. The first outlet of the ammonia separator is connected to the second inlet of the condenser. The second outlet of the ammonia separator is connected to the inlet of the first-stage flash tank. The gas outlet of the first-stage flash tank is connected to the inlet of the compressor via a pipe. The liquid outlet of the first-stage flash tank is connected to the inlet of the second-stage flash tank via a pipe. The liquid outlet of the second-stage flash tank is connected to the green ammonia storage tank. The gas outlet of the second-stage flash tank is connected to the absorption tower.

[0031] Preferably, the ammonia synthesis system performs ammonia synthesis in the following manner: hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, fresh air, and unreacted gas are mixed in a compressor and then fed into an ammonia synthesis tower for hydrogen-ammonia synthesis. The resulting high-temperature mixed gas from the reaction in the ammonia synthesis tower enters a waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery and byproduct steam production. The temperature of the reacted gas is reduced to 190°C, and then it exits from the top of the waste heat boiler and enters a heat exchanger. After heat exchange between the tubes and the upper heat exchanger tubes, the gas temperature drops to approximately 90°C and exits from the bottom, then enters a water cooler (low inlet, high outlet). The temperature of the water-cooled gas drops to approximately 20°C and enters an aftercooler, further reducing the gas temperature to approximately 10°C, thus cooling the gaseous ammonia into a mist-like liquid ammonia. This liquid ammonia then enters a condenser, where it enters the upper heat exchanger tubes and the ammonia separator inside the tubes. After heat exchange, the gas temperature drops to about 1°C and then enters the cyclone separator at the bottom of the condenser for the first liquid ammonia separation, separating most of the liquid ammonia from the gas. The separated gas and a small amount of liquid ammonia rise from the annular gap between the inner and outer cylinders to the upper side and exit. The gas is vented before entering the first ammonia cooler. After venting, the gas enters the first ammonia cooler and then the second ammonia cooler, where the gas temperature is reduced to about -10°C. Then, it re-enters the condenser as a refrigerant. The liquid ammonia separated from the second ammonia cooler and the condenser is depressurized to 5.1 MPa and then enters the first-stage flash tank. Most of the hydrogen and nitrogen gas flashed out is directly returned to the fresh gas pipeline and enters the compressor. The liquid ammonia exiting the first-stage flash tank then enters the second-stage flash tank. The second-stage flash pressure is 2.5 MPa. The flash vapor is absorbed by the absorption tower and then sent to the boiler system for combustion. The ammonia water is sent to the boiler flue gas desulfurization system. The liquid ammonia exiting the second-stage flash tank is sent to the green ammonia storage tank for storage.

[0032] Preferably, the ammonia-fueled hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessel includes a hull, an ammonia storage module, an ammonia-to-hydrogen module, a hydrogen supply module, and a hydrogen fuel cell. The ammonia storage module includes a green ammonia storage tank, a monitoring system, and an emergency venting system. The green ammonia storage tank is maintained at room temperature. When refueling with ammonia, the internal pressure is regulated by an inlet control valve on the green ammonia storage tank to maintain it within a safe range. When using ammonia, the outlet pressure is regulated by an outlet control valve on the green ammonia storage tank. The ammonia-to-hydrogen module includes an ammonia decomposition furnace and a gas separation device. The ammonia decomposition furnace uses high-temperature electric heating to decompose ammonia, and then the reacted gas is separated into hydrogen and hydrogen. The mixed gas is injected into a gas separation device, which separates out any unreacted ammonia from the mixed gas and reintroduces it into the ammonia decomposition furnace for reaction. Nitrogen is discharged into the air, and hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen supply module. The hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen processing device and a monitoring device. The hydrogen processing device purifies and dries the hydrogen produced by the ammonia hydrogen production module to generate hydrogen that meets the purity, pressure, and temperature requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell. The monitoring device is used to monitor in real time whether the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen processing device meets the purity, pressure, and temperature requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen fuel cell is used to provide power to the ship's hull.

[0033] Preferably, the consumption terminal includes offshore vessels, integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations, and distributed power generation equipment. The integrated hydrogen production and refueling station includes an ammonia cracking reactor, separation equipment, hydrogen purification equipment, compression equipment, and refueling equipment. Liquid ammonia is cracked by high-temperature catalyst or electrocatalytic cracking to produce hydrogen and nitrogen. The separation equipment and hydrogen purification equipment separate unconverted ammonia for reuse. The purified hydrogen is pressurized by the compressor and then refueled to vehicles or used for fuel cell combustion to generate electricity.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy provided by this invention are as follows:

[0035] 1) This invention realizes the functional integration of marine energy and marine ranching. The integrated development model of wind, fishery, hydrogen and ammonia effectively improves the intensive utilization rate of marine areas, the efficiency of marine resource development, and the level of marine resource development technology, while effectively reducing the cost of marine resource development. It forms complementary advantages, realizes business integration, promotes the upgrading of marine aquaculture industry and the cost reduction and efficiency improvement of marine energy. Through the intelligent control module, the energy synergy of marine energy can be realized, which stabilizes the operation of the power grid while improving the utilization rate of wind power output and improving the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion efficiency.

[0036] 2) This invention, through the structural design of the floating platform module, adopts a lifting structure design, which can effectively enhance the protection of the equipment installed on the floating platform module and realize the overall raising or lowering of the entire platform in different weather or marine environments, thereby improving the safety of the equipment installed on the floating platform module and avoiding damage to the system by typhoons.

[0037] 3) This invention utilizes a structural design for marine ranching, employing liftable net cages for aquaculture. The hydraulic lifting mechanism can be adjusted according to water flow conditions to ensure fish are in the most suitable aquatic environment, thus improving aquaculture efficiency. Automatic fish diagnostic equipment identifies fish species, size, and health status data during daily aquaculture, uploading this data to the control system to automatically adjust operating conditions to achieve optimal conditions, realizing smart aquaculture and intelligent harvesting. The transport vessel uses an ammonia engine or hydrogen fuel cell, fully integrated with a wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module, obtaining a continuous supply of hydrogen and ammonia. This ensures the freshness of the fish, overcoming the short-term limitations of traditional ice-based methods, and allows for transport to land for distribution. Furthermore, it enables energy supply to the open ocean.

[0038] 4) This invention, through the structural design of the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module, modularly integrates the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, ammonia synthesis system, air separation system, and buffer storage within a container on an offshore platform. The electricity generated by the offshore renewable energy power module is transmitted via cable to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system installed on the offshore platform. The ammonia synthesis system then synthesizes green ammonia from the hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis system and nitrogen from the air, which is then stored in a storage tank. The offshore transportation system utilizes ammonia-fueled fuel cell-powered vessels, fully leveraging the liquid ammonia produced by the ammonia synthesis system as the power source for these vessels. The liquid ammonia is then transported to onshore hydrogen production and refueling stations or ammonia refueling stations. Simultaneously, cold chain logistics vessels can use ammonia for refrigeration. Hydrogen production and refueling involve high-temperature catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen can be used as a system protective gas, and hydrogen, after pressurization, can be added to fuel cells or directly burned in fuel cells to generate electricity. Ammonia can also be directly added to vehicles or used in thermal power plants for ammonia-fueled combustion. All energy sources in this invention come from wind, solar, and ocean, truly realizing the application of zero-carbon integrated green energy.

[0039] 5) This invention designs a control method for the system's intelligent control module to smooth out fluctuations in wind power output and uses these fluctuations for hydrogen production via water electrolysis. This stabilizes grid operation while improving the utilization rate of wind power output. When the wind power generated by the offshore renewable energy power module exceeds the grid connection requirements, the excess wind power is absorbed through water electrolysis in the electrolyzer, improving wind power utilization. When the wind turbine output is insufficient to meet grid or load demands, the fuel cell consumes hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank to compensate for the wind power shortfall, thus smoothing the system's grid connection power. Furthermore, the supercapacitor's rapid charging and discharging mechanism smooths out power imbalances caused by response delays in the electrolyzer and fuel cell, ensuring real-time consistency between the hybrid system's output and load demand.

[0040] 6) This invention innovatively designs the process of the ammonia synthesis system, reduces system resistance by lowering system reaction pressure and optimizing the fresh gas supply process, reduces fresh gas consumption by optimizing the purge gas recovery process, improves system thermal efficiency by adding a deoxygenated water preheater, increases steam production by recovering waste heat from the waste heat boiler to produce saturated steam, and reduces the production load and energy consumption of the refrigeration system by adding an aftercooler process, effectively achieving the goal of energy saving and consumption reduction in the ammonia synthesis system.

[0041] 7) This invention optimizes the design of the marine transportation system and uses ammonia-borne hydrogen fuel cell-powered ships as the main body for transporting liquid ammonia. This not only makes full use of the liquid ammonia generated by the ammonia synthesis system of this invention as a power source, but also greatly reduces transportation costs. Moreover, compared with traditional fuel cell-powered ships, ammonia-borne hydrogen fuel cell-powered ships have significant advantages in terms of safety, economy, and convenience. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a system flowchart of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a system flowchart of the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module in this invention.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the ammonia synthesis system in this invention.

[0046] In the diagram: 100, Floating platform module; 110, Platform compartment; 120, Ballast tank; 130, Mooring cable; 140, Lifting system; 150, Transfer tank; 160, Seawater desalination unit; 170, Seawater lifting unit; 180, Underwater hydrogen / oxygen storage unit; 200, Marine ranching module; 210, Liftable net cage; 220, Oxygenation equipment; 230, Automatic fish diagnostic equipment; 240, Automatic feeding equipment; 250, Ammonia refrigeration equipment; 300, Marine... Renewable energy power module; 400, Wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module; 401, Compressor; 402, Ammonia synthesis tower; 403, Waste heat boiler; 404, Heat exchanger; 405, Deoxygenated water preheater; 406, Water cooler; 407, Aftercooler; 408, Condenser; 409, Circulator; 410, Ammonia separator; 411, First ammonia cooler; 412, Second ammonia cooler; 413, First-stage flash tank; 414, Second-stage flash tank; 415, Absorption tower; 500, Intelligent control module. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] Example: A marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy.

[0049] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy provided by this invention specifically includes:

[0050] (I) Floating Platform Module 100: Includes a platform compartment 110, ballast water tank 120, mooring cables 130, seawater desalination equipment 160, seawater lifting device 170, transfer tank 150, underwater hydrogen / oxygen storage device 180, lifting system device 140, buoys, etc. The platform compartment 110 is used to house equipment, or, in extreme weather conditions, the equipment on the platform can be accessed through the lifting system device 140. The ballast water tank 120 is used for the entire platform to drain water during extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and tsunamis. The system enables overall lifting and lowering. The mooring cable 130 is used to fix the platform to the seabed. The buoy is used to support the platform compartment 110. The seawater lifting device 170 lifts seawater to the transfer tank 150, which is then converted into fresh water by the seawater desalination device 160 to meet the daily fresh water supply and provide water source for the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment. The underwater hydrogen / oxygen storage device 180 is used to store hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment (PSA air separation source). The lifting system device 140 is used to raise or lower the platform compartment in different weather or marine environments.

[0051] This invention, through the structural design of the floating platform module, adopts a lifting structure design, which can effectively enhance the protection of the equipment installed on the floating platform module 100, and realize the overall raising or lowering of the entire platform in different weather or marine environments, thereby improving the safety of the equipment installed on the floating platform module 100.

[0052] (II) Marine Ranching Module 200: The marine ranching module 200 is installed in the middle of the floating platform module 100 (the floating platform module 100 is divided into two parts: one part houses the hydrogen ammonia equipment, and the other part is hollowed out for placing marine ranching cages). Utilizing the natural marine ecological environment, it gathers artificially released economically valuable marine organisms for planned and purposeful marine stocking. The marine ranching module 200 includes a liftable cage 210, a heat pump, an automatic feeding device 240, an automatic fish diagnostic device 230, a fishing pumping device, an ammonia freezing device 250, a control system, an oxygenation device 220, and a transport vessel. The liftable cage 210 can be adjusted up and down according to water flow conditions to ensure the fish are in the most suitable aquatic environment. The liftable cage 210 can be configured as a double-layered structure; the upper layer cultivates planktonic algae or brine shrimp to provide food for the fish, while the lower layer is used for fish farming (the cage is single-layered, with kelp cultivated on the net walls and fish farmed inside). The heat pump is used to heat the water under abnormal water temperature conditions. The automatic fish diagnostic device 230 is used to identify the species, size, and health status of fish during daily aquaculture. Data is uploaded to the control system to automatically adjust operating conditions to meet optimal requirements. Upon catch, the pumping equipment pumps fish through pipelines to ammonia-frozen containers, where ammonia refrigeration equipment 250 achieves rapid freezing and preservation. The oxygenation equipment 220 supplies oxygen to the aquaculture water using oxygen from water electrolysis or air separation, intelligently predicting oxygen supply based on the control system to achieve oxygen-enriched aquaculture. The transport ship uses an ammonia engine or hydrogen fuel cell to obtain a continuous supply of hydrogen and ammonia, ensuring fish freshness and overcoming the short-term limitations of traditional ice-based methods, facilitating transport to land for distribution, and enabling energy supply at sea.

[0053] This invention utilizes a structural design for the marine ranch 200, employing a liftable net cage 210 for aquaculture. This cage can be adjusted vertically according to water flow conditions to ensure fish are in the most suitable aquatic environment, thus improving aquaculture efficiency. An automatic fish diagnostic device 230 identifies fish species, size, and health status data during daily aquaculture, uploading this data to the control system to automatically adjust operating conditions to achieve intelligent harvesting. The transport vessel uses an ammonia engine or hydrogen fuel cell, fully integrated with a wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module 400. By fully utilizing the liquid ammonia produced by the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module 400 as transport power, the efficiency of comprehensive energy utilization can be effectively improved.

[0054] (III) Offshore renewable energy power module 300, including offshore wind power module and offshore photovoltaic module. The offshore photovoltaic module is installed on the floating platform module 100 to convert solar energy into electrical energy and supply it to the floating platform module 100, marine ranch module 200 and wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module 400. The offshore wind power module is set up independently outside the floating platform module 100 to convert wind energy into electrical energy. Part of the generated electrical energy is directly connected to the power grid to provide power to the floating platform module 100 and marine ranch module 200, and the other part of the electrical energy is transmitted to the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module 400 for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and hydrogen-ammonia synthesis.

[0055] Offshore wind power modules consist of multiple offshore wind turbine units. The main structure of an offshore wind turbine unit includes blades, hubs, main shafts, gearboxes, couplings, generators, towers, foundation platforms, and anchor chains. The blades convert wind energy into low-speed, high-torque mechanical energy, which is then transmitted to the main shaft. The main shaft then transmits the energy to the gearbox, which is connected to the generator. The high-speed, high-torque load output by the gearbox drives the generator to generate electricity.

[0056] (iv) Wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module 400, wherein the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module 400 is installed on the floating platform module 100 and distributed in the form of multiple containers. The reaction equipment is installed inside the containers. Miniaturization and modularization can achieve hydrogen production of 1000 standard cubic meters per hour. Specifically, it includes: an electrolysis water hydrogen production system and an ammonia synthesis system, wherein:

[0057] The water electrolysis hydrogen production system includes an electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, a fuel cell, and a supercapacitor. When the wind power generated by the offshore renewable energy power module exceeds the grid connection requirements, the excess wind power is absorbed by electrolyzing water in the electrolyzer. When the wind turbine output is insufficient to meet grid connection or load demands, the fuel cell consumes hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank to compensate for the wind power shortfall and meet grid connection requirements. The supercapacitor balances the power imbalance caused by the response delay of the electrolyzer and fuel cell through rapid charging and discharging. In this water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the wind turbine converts wind energy into electrical energy, the electrolyzer absorbs wind power to produce hydrogen, the hydrogen storage tank stores hydrogen, and the fuel cell burns hydrogen and discharges, converting hydrogen back into electrical energy. The water electrolysis hydrogen production system as a whole forms a closed-loop energy structure of electrical energy-hydrogen energy-electricity energy.

[0058] Ammonia Synthesis System: Used for ammonia synthesis. Hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, fresh air, and unreacted gases are transported to the compressor for mixing (the air needs to be separated into nitrogen and oxygen, PSA separation), and then transported to the ammonia synthesis tower for hydrogen-ammonia synthesis. After the reaction in the ammonia synthesis tower, the resulting ammonia enters the heat exchange system for cooling and then enters the ammonia separator to separate the ammonia from the unreacted gases. The separated ammonia is then transported to the green ammonia storage tank for storage.

[0059] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the ammonia synthesis system specifically includes a compressor 401, an ammonia synthesis tower 402, a waste heat boiler 403, a heat exchanger 404, a deoxygenated water preheater 405, a water cooler 406, an aftercooler 407, a condenser 408, a circulating machine 409, an ammonia separator 410, a first ammonia cooler 411, a second ammonia cooler 412, a first-stage flash tank 413, a second-stage flash tank 414, and an absorption tower 415. The inlet of the compressor 401 is connected via pipelines to the hydrogen outlet produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a fresh air pipeline. The outlet of machine 401 is connected to the inlet of ammonia synthesis tower 402. The outlet of ammonia synthesis tower 402 is connected to the inlet of waste heat boiler 403. The outlet of waste heat boiler 403 is connected to the inlet of heat exchanger 404 via a pipeline. The outlet of heat exchanger 404 is connected to the inlet of deoxygenated water preheater 405. The outlet of deoxygenated water preheater 405 is connected to the inlet of water cooler 406. The outlet of water cooler 406 is connected to the inlet of aftercooler 407. The outlet of aftercooler 407 is connected to condenser 401. The first inlet of the condenser 408 is connected to the first outlet of the condenser 408, which is connected to the inlet of the circulating machine 409. The outlet of the circulating machine 409 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 401 via a pipe. The second outlet of the condenser 408 is connected to the inlet of the first-stage flash tank 413 via a pipe. The third outlet of the condenser 408 is connected to the inlet of the first ammonia cooler 411. The outlet of the first ammonia cooler 411 is connected to the inlet of the second ammonia cooler 412. The outlet of the second ammonia cooler 412 is connected to the ammonia separator 410. The ammonia separator 410 is connected to the feed inlet of the compressor 401, the first outlet of the ammonia separator 410 is connected to the second inlet of the condenser 408, the second outlet of the ammonia separator 410 is connected to the feed inlet of the first-stage flash tank 413, the gas outlet of the first-stage flash tank 413 is connected to the feed inlet of the compressor 401 through a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the first-stage flash tank 413 is connected to the feed inlet of the second-stage flash tank 414 through a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the second-stage flash tank 414 is connected to the green ammonia storage tank, and the gas outlet of the second-stage flash tank 414 is connected to the absorption tower 415.

[0060] In actual operation, the hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, fresh air, and unreacted gases are transported to compressor 401 for mixing, and then transported to ammonia synthesis tower 402 for hydrogen-ammonia synthesis. After reaction in ammonia synthesis tower 402, the resulting high-temperature mixed gas enters waste heat boiler 403 for waste heat recovery and by-product steam, reducing the temperature of the reacted gas to 190°C. The gas then exits from the top of waste heat boiler 403 and enters heat exchanger 404, entering the tubes and inter-tube space of the upper heat exchanger from the top of heat exchanger 404. After heat exchange, the gas temperature drops to around 90°C and exits from the bottom. It then enters the deaerator water preheater 405 for waste heat reuse, followed by a water cooler 406 (low inlet, high outlet). The gas temperature exiting the water cooler drops to around 20°C and enters the aftercooler 407, where the gas temperature is further reduced to around 10°C, cooling the gaseous ammonia in the gas into atomized liquid ammonia. This then enters the condenser 408, where the cold gas from the upper part of the condenser enters the ammonia separator between the tubes and inside the tubes of the upper heat exchanger. After the gas temperature drops to around 1°C, it enters the lower cyclone separator of condenser 408 for the first liquid ammonia separation, separating most of the liquid ammonia from the gas. The separated gas and a small amount of liquid ammonia rise from the annular gap between the inner and outer cylinders to the upper side. Before entering the first ammonia cooler 411, the gas undergoes a venting operation. After venting, the gas enters the first ammonia cooler 411 and then the second ammonia cooler 412, where its temperature is lowered to around -10°C. It then re-enters condenser 408 as a refrigerant. 8. The liquid ammonia separated from the second ammonia cooler 412 and condenser 408 is depressurized to 5.1 MPa and then enters the first-stage flash tank 413. Most of the hydrogen and nitrogen gas flashed out is directly returned to the fresh gas pipeline and enters the compressor 401. The liquid ammonia exiting the first-stage flash tank 413 then enters the second-stage flash tank 414. The second-stage flash pressure is 2.5 MPa. The flash vapor is absorbed by the absorption tower 415 and then sent to the boiler system for combustion. The ammonia water is sent to the boiler flue gas desulfurization system. The liquid ammonia exiting the second-stage flash tank 414 is sent to the green ammonia storage tank for storage.

[0061] This invention innovatively designs the process of the ammonia synthesis system. It reduces system resistance by lowering the system reaction pressure and optimizing the fresh gas supply process, reduces fresh gas consumption by optimizing the purge gas recovery process, improves system thermal efficiency by adding a deaerator water preheater 405, increases steam production by recovering waste heat from the waste heat boiler 403 to produce saturated steam, and reduces the production load and energy consumption of the refrigeration system by adding an aftercooler 407. This invention effectively achieves the goal of energy saving and consumption reduction in the ammonia synthesis system.

[0062] (v) Intelligent control module 500: used to absorb the fluctuations in the wind power output of offshore renewable energy power modules and to optimize the configuration of wind power capacity.

[0063] As can be seen from the structure of the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion module 400, part of the wind power is directly connected to the grid, while the other part is used to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water in an electrolyzer. When the wind power output of the wind farm exceeds the grid connection requirements, wind curtailment occurs. In this case, the excess wind power exceeding the grid connection requirements is absorbed by electrolyzing water in the electrolyzer, improving the wind power utilization rate. When the output of the wind turbine is insufficient to meet the grid or load demand, the fuel cell consumes hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank to discharge, making up for the wind power shortfall and achieving the goal of smoothing the system's grid connection power. The supercapacitor smooths out the unbalanced power caused by the response delay of the electrolyzer and fuel cell through rapid charging and discharging, ensuring real-time consistency between the hybrid system output and load demand.

[0064] However, in actual operation, the output power of wind power generation is affected by environmental factors, resulting in significant and unpredictable fluctuations. Its grid connection can lead to voltage and frequency fluctuations, impacting grid stability and degrading power quality. For grid-connected wind power-to-hydrogen systems, the output power of wind farms may experience sudden increases or decreases during operation. Traditional fluctuation smoothing control methods do not consider the potential negative impact of irregular random fluctuations in wind power output power on smoothing control. Therefore, they cannot ensure reliable power allocation in the face of extreme changes in wind power output power, and consequently, cannot guarantee the final smoothing effect of wind power and the efficient and reasonable configuration of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system's capacity.

[0065] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method that can effectively absorb fluctuations in wind power output, mitigate the impact of wind power grid connection on the power grid, and simultaneously improve the utilization rate of wind power. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0066] S1. Determine the output power P of the offshore renewable energy power module. w (t) Whether the active power fluctuation limits for 1 minute and 10 minutes required for grid connection are met, if P w (t) If the standard is met, the output power of the wind farm can be directly connected to the grid; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0067] S2, Output power P of offshore renewable energy power module w (t) Perform n (n=1) level wavelet packet decomposition. Based on the characteristics of wind power signal, the db6 wavelet is used as the wavelet basis for wavelet packet decomposition. The wavelet packet decomposition method is as follows:

[0068] S21. Establish the allowable range of grid-connected power fluctuations for wind farms in accordance with the relevant requirements in the wind power grid connection standards;

[0069] S22. Determine the wind power generation capacity P w(t) Whether the grid connection requirements have been met. If not, wavelet packet decomposition is used to smooth the wind power generation P. w (t), gradually increasing the decomposition level n;

[0070] S23, when the decomposition yields P n,0 When grid connection requirements are met, n0 is denoted as the optimal decomposition layer number under the wind power fluctuation condition, and P is also denoted as... n,0 Let it be denoted as P0(t), P w The difference between P(t) and P0(t) is the fluctuation P in the original wind power generation. s (t) is also the fluctuation that the water electrolysis hydrogen production system needs to absorb, where P s (t) is obtained by superimposing a series of power components corresponding to different frequency ranges, and is also the wind power fluctuation component that the water electrolysis hydrogen production system needs to absorb. s (t) The input power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system is obtained by superimposing a portion of the positive power component through amplitude detection. The input power of the hybrid water electrolysis hydrogen production system is obtained through the above adaptive wavelet packet decomposition process. The input power of the hydrogen production system needs to be further allocated to obtain the operating power of each electrolyzer, thereby effectively improving the actual damping performance of the hybrid water electrolysis hydrogen production system on wind power output.

[0071] S3. Reconstruct the nth layer wavelet coefficients after decomposition to obtain the low-frequency component S. n,0 With high-frequency fluctuation component S n,i ;

[0072] S4. Determine the low-frequency component S after n-level wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction. n,0 If the technical standards for wind farm connection to the power system are not met, repeat step S2 to perform n+1 layers of wavelet packet decomposition. When the fluctuation amplitude limit is met, determine the optimal number of layers for wavelet packet decomposition as n, and stop the loop.

[0073] The above methods can smooth out fluctuations in wind power output and use the fluctuations in output power for hydrogen production through water electrolysis, thereby stabilizing grid operation and improving the utilization rate of wind power output.

[0074] In the water electrolysis hydrogen production system provided by this invention, when the output power of the wind turbine at time t is less than the power required for grid connection, the fuel cell begins hydrogen combustion and discharge, sharing the output power with the wind turbine to support the grid connection power during that period. This compensates for the power difference between grid demand and wind turbine output, effectively "filling the valley" and reducing system output power fluctuations. However, optimizing the capacity configuration in this water electrolysis hydrogen production system and ultimately determining the capacity of each device is another challenge that this invention needs to address. To solve this problem, the intelligent control module in the water electrolysis hydrogen production system of this invention optimizes the wind power capacity configuration in the following way:

[0075] Step 1: Using the IWOA algorithm, first set the size of the whale population to N. p Then the initial population X = [x1, x2, ... x Np Maximum number of iterations t max Initialize the values ​​of A, C, and a, where A and C are random parameters and a is a control parameter;

[0076] Step 2: Calculate the fitness value {f(Xi), i = 1, 2, ..., Np} for each individual, and record the current best individual and its position X. best ;

[0077] Step 3: Calculate the convergence factor a according to Formula 1, and then update the values ​​of A and C according to Formula 2 and Formula 3;

[0078]

[0079] A = 2ar - a (Formula 2);

[0080] C = 2r (Formula 3);

[0081] Where r is a random number in [0,1];

[0082] Step 4: Perform random difference mutation perturbation on the best individual in the current group, and update the current whale individual position using Equation 4;

[0083] X t+1 =r×(X) best -X t )+r×(X rand -X t ) Formula 4;

[0084] Where X rand Individual whales were randomly selected.

[0085] Step 5: Determine if the number of iterations t has reached its maximum value t. max If the maximum number of iterations is reached, the fitness value of the best solution is output; otherwise, return to step 3 to continue execution.

[0086] By solving the capacity configuration optimization model of the wind-hydrogen coupling system using the improved IWOA algorithm, the Pareto optimal solution set of the operating cost and system power deviation of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system can be calculated quickly and accurately, and the capacity of each device can be determined, thus realizing the capacity configuration optimization of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0087] This invention, through the innovative design of the intelligent control module 500, achieves the smoothing of fluctuations in wind power output and utilizes these fluctuations for hydrogen production via water electrolysis. This stabilizes grid operation while improving the utilization rate of wind power output. When the wind power generated by the offshore renewable energy power module exceeds the grid connection requirements, the excess wind power is absorbed through water electrolysis in the electrolyzer, improving wind power utilization. When the wind turbine output is insufficient to meet grid or load demands, the fuel cell consumes hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank to compensate for the wind power shortfall, achieving the goal of smoothing the system's grid connection power. Furthermore, the supercapacitor's rapid charging and discharging mechanism smooths out power imbalances caused by response delays in the electrolyzer and fuel cell, ensuring real-time consistency between the hybrid system's output and load demand.

[0088] (VI) Marine Transportation System: Ammonia-borne hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessels will be used to transport liquid ammonia produced by the ammonia synthesis system to onshore hydrogen production and refueling stations or ammonia refueling stations. Simultaneously, seafood caught from marine ranches will be transported to onshore distribution centers. The ammonia-borne hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessel includes a hull, an ammonia storage module, an ammonia-to-hydrogen production module, a hydrogen supply module, and hydrogen fuel cells. The ammonia storage module includes a green ammonia storage tank, a monitoring system, and an emergency exhaust system. The green ammonia storage tank is maintained at room temperature. During ammonia refueling, the internal pressure is regulated by the inlet control valve on the green ammonia storage tank to maintain it within a safe range. When using ammonia fuel, the outlet pressure is regulated by the outlet control valve on the green ammonia storage tank. The ammonia-to-hydrogen production module includes an ammonia decomposition furnace and a gas separation device. The ammonia decomposition furnace uses high-temperature electric heating to decompose ammonia, and then the resulting mixture is... A gas injection and gas separation device separates unreacted ammonia from the mixed gas and reintroduces it into the ammonia decomposition furnace for reaction. Nitrogen is discharged into the air, and hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen supply module. The hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen processing device and a monitoring device. The hydrogen processing device purifies and dries the hydrogen produced by the ammonia-to-hydrogen module to generate hydrogen that meets the purity, pressure, and temperature requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell. The monitoring device is used to monitor in real time whether the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen processing device meets the purity, pressure, and temperature requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen fuel cell is used to provide power to the ship.

[0089] This invention optimizes the design of a maritime transportation system by employing ammonia-borne hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessels as the primary means of transporting liquid ammonia. This fully utilizes the liquid ammonia produced by the ammonia synthesis system of this invention as a power source, significantly reducing transportation costs. Moreover, compared to traditional fuel cell-powered vessels, ammonia-borne hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessels offer substantial advantages in safety, economy, and convenience. Furthermore, using ammonia-borne hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessels during the transportation of seafood not only ensures a continuous supply of hydrogen and ammonia, reducing maritime transport costs, but also allows for the full utilization of the produced liquid ammonia for seafood preservation, greatly reducing preservation costs.

[0090] (vii) Consumption Terminal: The consumption terminal includes an integrated hydrogen production and refueling station, fuel cell power generation, and vehicle / ship power systems, etc., used to crack liquid ammonia transported by the maritime transport system to generate hydrogen and nitrogen. The generated hydrogen is pressurized by a compressor and then refueled to vehicles or used for fuel cell combustion to generate electricity. The integrated hydrogen production and refueling station includes an ammonia cracking reactor, separation equipment, hydrogen purification equipment, compression equipment, and refueling equipment. Liquid ammonia is cracked to generate hydrogen and nitrogen through high-temperature catalyst cracking or electrocatalytic cracking. The separation equipment and hydrogen purification equipment separate unconverted ammonia for reuse. The purified hydrogen is pressurized by a compressor and then refueled to vehicles or used for fuel cell combustion to generate electricity.

[0091] This invention realizes the functional integration of marine energy and marine ranching. The integrated development model of wind, fishery, hydrogen and ammonia effectively improves the intensive utilization rate of marine areas, the efficiency of marine resource development, and the level of marine resource development technology, while effectively reducing the cost of marine resource development. It forms complementary advantages, realizes business integration, promotes the upgrading of the marine aquaculture industry and the cost reduction and efficiency improvement of marine energy. Through the intelligent control module, energy synergy of marine energy can be realized, which stabilizes the operation of the power grid while improving the utilization rate of wind power output and improving the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion efficiency.

[0092] This invention integrates a water electrolysis hydrogen production system and an ammonia synthesis system within a container on an offshore platform. Electricity generated by the offshore renewable energy power module is transmitted via cable to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system installed on the platform. The ammonia synthesis system then synthesizes hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis system and nitrogen from the air into liquefied green ammonia, which is stored in tanks. The maritime transport system utilizes ammonia-fueled fuel cell-powered vessels, fully leveraging the liquid ammonia produced by the ammonia synthesis system as the power source for these vessels. The liquid ammonia is then transported to onshore hydrogen production and refueling stations or ammonia refueling stations. Simultaneously, cold chain logistics vessels can use ammonia for refrigeration. Hydrogen production and refueling involve high-temperature catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen serves as a system protective gas, while hydrogen, after pressurization, is either added to fuel cells or directly burned in fuel cells to generate electricity. Ammonia can also be directly added to vehicles or used in thermal power plants for electricity generation. All energy sources in this invention are derived from wind, solar, and ocean energy, truly realizing the application of zero-carbon integrated green energy.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be limited to the content disclosed in the embodiments and drawings. Therefore, any equivalent or modified embodiments made without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on offshore energy, characterized in that... include: Floating platform module: includes platform compartment, ballast tank, mooring cable, buoys and lifting system. The platform compartment is used to house equipment, or in extreme weather conditions, equipment on the platform can be moved into the platform compartment via the lifting system. The ballast tank is used for the entire platform to be filled and drained in extreme weather conditions to achieve overall lifting and lowering. The mooring cable is used to fix the platform to the seabed. The buoys are used to support the platform compartment. Marine ranching module: This includes a liftable enclosed aquaculture cage formed by netting and steel frame, installed in the middle of the floating platform module. It utilizes the natural marine ecological environment to gather artificially released economic marine organisms and carry out planned and purposeful marine stocking of economic marine biological resources. In extreme weather conditions, it can rise and fall with the floating platform. After falling, the fish obtain a relatively stable seawater environment. The oxygen produced by hydrogen production through water electrolysis or oxygen produced by air separation is used to supply oxygen underwater, ensuring the aquaculture conditions for fish in extreme environments. Offshore renewable energy power modules include offshore wind power modules and offshore photovoltaic modules. The offshore photovoltaic modules are installed on the floating platform modules to convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is then used by the floating platform modules, marine ranching modules, and wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion modules. The offshore wind power modules are set up independently outside the floating platform modules to convert wind energy into electrical energy. Part of the generated electricity is used to power the floating platform modules and marine ranching modules or to charge supercapacitors, while the other part is sent to the wind power-hydrogen-ammonia conversion modules for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and for hydrogen-ammonia synthesis. Wind Power-Hydrogen-Ammonia Conversion Module: A miniaturized, skid-mounted design installed on a floating platform module, comprising: a water electrolysis hydrogen production system and an ammonia synthesis system. The water electrolysis hydrogen production system includes an electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, a fuel cell, and a supercapacitor. When the electricity generated by the offshore renewable energy power module is used to electrolyze water and synthesize ammonia, it is consumed. When the output of the renewable energy power module is insufficient to meet load demand, the fuel cell consumes hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank to compensate for the wind power shortfall and meet grid connection requirements. The supercapacitor balances the power imbalance caused by the response delay of the electrolyzer and fuel cell through rapid charging and discharging. The ammonia synthesis system is used to synthesize ammonia. Hydrogen, fresh air, and unreacted gases generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system are mixed in a compressor and then transported to an ammonia synthesis tower for hydrogen-ammonia synthesis. After reaction in the ammonia synthesis tower, the resulting ammonia enters a heat exchange system for cooling and then enters an ammonia separator to separate the ammonia from the unreacted gases. The separated ammonia is then transported to a green ammonia storage tank for storage. Intelligent control module: used to absorb fluctuations in the wind power output of offshore renewable energy power modules and to optimize the configuration of wind power capacity; Maritime transport system: Using ammonia-fueled hydrogen fuel cell-powered ships, liquid ammonia produced by the ammonia synthesis system is transported to land-based disposal terminals, while seafood caught from marine ranches is transported to land-based distribution centers. Ammonia energy is used for long-term freezing and preservation of seafood during transport. Consumption terminal: Used to crack liquid ammonia transported by the maritime transport system to generate hydrogen and nitrogen. The generated hydrogen is pressurized by a compressor and then refueled to vehicles or used for fuel cell combustion to generate electricity. The ammonia synthesis system specifically includes a compressor, an ammonia synthesis tower, a waste heat boiler, a heat exchanger, a deoxygenated water preheater, a water cooler, an aftercooler, a condenser, a circulating machine, an ammonia separator, a first ammonia cooler, a second ammonia cooler, a first-stage flash tank, a second-stage flash tank, and an absorption tower. The compressor's inlet is connected via pipelines to the hydrogen outlet produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a fresh air pipeline. The compressor's outlet is connected to the ammonia synthesis tower's inlet. The ammonia synthesis tower's outlet is connected to the waste heat boiler's inlet. The waste heat boiler's outlet is connected via a pipeline to the heat exchanger's inlet. The heat exchanger's outlet is connected to the deoxygenated water preheater's inlet. The deoxygenated water preheater's outlet is connected to the water cooler's inlet. The water cooler's outlet is connected to the aftercooler's inlet. The aftercooler's outlet is connected to the condenser's first inlet. The first outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the circulating machine. The outlet of the circulating machine is connected to the inlet of the compressor via a pipe. The second outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the first-stage flash tank via a pipe. The third outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the first ammonia cooler. The outlet of the first ammonia cooler is connected to the inlet of the second ammonia cooler. The outlet of the second ammonia cooler is connected to the inlet of the ammonia separator. The first outlet of the ammonia separator is connected to the second inlet of the condenser. The second outlet of the ammonia separator is connected to the inlet of the first-stage flash tank. The gas outlet of the first-stage flash tank is connected to the inlet of the compressor via a pipe. The liquid outlet of the first-stage flash tank is connected to the inlet of the second-stage flash tank via a pipe. The liquid outlet of the second-stage flash tank is connected to the green ammonia storage tank. The gas outlet of the second-stage flash tank is connected to the absorption tower.

2. The marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The floating platform module also includes seawater desalination equipment, a seawater lifting device, a transfer tank, an underwater hydrogen / oxygen storage device, and a hydraulic lifting system. The seawater lifting device lifts seawater to the transfer tank, where it is converted into fresh water by the seawater desalination device to meet the daily freshwater supply needs and provide a water source for the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment. The underwater hydrogen / oxygen storage device is used to store the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment. The hydraulic lifting system is used to raise or lower the platform compartments in different weather or marine environments.

3. The marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The marine ranching module includes liftable net cages, heat pumps, automatic feeding equipment, automatic fish diagnostic equipment, fishing pumping equipment, ammonia refrigeration equipment, a control system, oxygenation equipment, and transport vessels. The liftable net cages adjust their height according to water flow conditions to ensure the fish are in the most suitable aquatic environment. The heat pumps provide heating to the water under abnormal temperature conditions. The automatic fish diagnostic equipment identifies the species, size, and health status of the fish during daily aquaculture, and uploads this data to the control system to automatically adjust operating conditions to meet the optimal requirements. When fish are harvested, the fishing pumping equipment pumps them through pipelines to ammonia refrigeration containers, where ammonia compressors refrigerate and preserve the fish. The oxygenation equipment supplies oxygen to the aquaculture water through water electrolysis or air separation, and the control system intelligently predicts oxygen supply to achieve oxygen-enriched aquaculture. The transport vessels use ammonia engines or hydrogen fuel cells for hydrogen and ammonia replenishment, ensuring the freshness of the fish and overcoming the short-term limitations of traditional ice-based methods. This allows for transporting fish by ship to land for distribution and also enables energy supply to the open ocean.

4. The marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module absorbs fluctuations in wind power output power in the following manner: S1. Determine the output power P of the offshore renewable energy power module. w (t) Whether the active power fluctuation limits for 1 min and 10 min required for grid connection are met, if P w (t) If the standard is met, the output power of the wind farm can be directly connected to the grid; otherwise, proceed to the next step. S2, Output power P of offshore renewable energy power module w (t) Perform n (n = 1) level wavelet packet decomposition. Based on the characteristics of wind power signal, the db6 wavelet is used as the wavelet basis for wavelet packet decomposition. S3. Reconstruct the nth layer wavelet coefficients after decomposition to obtain the low-frequency component S. n,0 With high-frequency fluctuation component S n,i ; S4. Determine the low-frequency component S after n-level wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction. n,0 If the technical standards for wind farm connection to the power system are not met, repeat step S2 to perform n+1 layer wavelet packet decomposition. When the fluctuation amplitude limit is met, determine the optimal number of wavelet packet decomposition layers as n, and stop the loop.

5. The marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The wavelet packet decomposition method of the intelligent control module is as follows: S21. Establish the allowable range of grid-connected power fluctuations for wind farms in accordance with the relevant requirements in the wind power grid connection standards; S22. Determine the wind power generation capacity P w (t) Whether the grid connection requirements have been met. If not, wavelet packet decomposition is used to smooth the wind power generation P. w (t), gradually increasing the decomposition level n; S23, when the decomposition yields P n,0 When grid connection requirements are met, n0 is denoted as the optimal decomposition layer number under the wind power fluctuation condition, and P is also denoted as... n,0 Let it be denoted as P0(t), P w The difference between P(t) and P0(t) is the fluctuation P in the original wind power generation. s (t), which is also the fluctuation that the water electrolysis hydrogen production system needs to absorb, P s (t) is obtained by superimposing a series of power components corresponding to different frequency ranges, and is also the wind power fluctuation component that the water electrolysis hydrogen production system needs to absorb. s (t) The input power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system is obtained by superimposing a portion of the positive power component through amplitude detection.

6. The marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module optimizes wind power capacity configuration in the following manner: Step 1: Using the IWOA algorithm, first set the size of the whale population to N. p Then the initial population X = [x1, x2, ..., x... Np Maximum number of iterations t max Initialize the values ​​of A, C, and a, where A and C are random parameters and a is a control parameter; Step 2: Calculate the fitness value {f(Xi), i=1,2,...,Np} for each individual, and record the current best individual and its position X. best ; Step 3: Calculate the convergence factor a according to Formula 1, and then update the values ​​of A and C according to Formula 2 and Formula 3; ； Where r is a random number in [0,1]; Step 4: Perform random difference mutation perturbation on the best individual in the current group, and update the current whale individual position using Equation 4; ； Where X rand Individual whales were randomly selected. Step 5: Determine if the number of iterations t has reached its maximum value t. max If the maximum number of iterations is reached, the fitness value of the best solution is output; otherwise, return to step 3 to continue execution.

7. The marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia synthesis system synthesizes ammonia in the following manner: Hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, fresh air, and unreacted gas are mixed in a compressor and then fed into an ammonia synthesis tower for hydrogen-ammonia synthesis. The resulting high-temperature mixed gas from the reaction in the tower enters a waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery and byproduct steam production. The temperature of the reacted gas is reduced to 190°C, and then it exits from the top of the waste heat boiler and enters a heat exchanger. Gases entering the upper heat exchanger tubes and inter-tube areas from the top of the heat exchanger exchange heat, reducing the gas temperature to approximately 90°C before exiting from the bottom. The gas then enters a water cooler (low inlet, high outlet), reducing the temperature of the water-cooled gas to approximately 20°C. It then enters an aftercooler, further reducing the gas temperature to approximately 10°C, cooling the gaseous ammonia into a mist-like liquid ammonia. Finally, it enters a condenser, where it exchanges heat with cold gas from the upper heat exchanger tube inter-tube and tube-inside ammonia separator. After the gas temperature drops to about 1°C, it enters the cyclone separator at the bottom of the condenser for the first liquid ammonia separation, separating most of the liquid ammonia from the gas. The separated gas and a small amount of liquid ammonia rise from the annular gap between the inner and outer cylinders to the upper side and exit. The gas is vented before entering the first ammonia cooler. After venting, the gas enters the first ammonia cooler and then the second ammonia cooler, where the gas temperature is reduced to about -10°C. Then, it re-enters the condenser as a refrigerant. The liquid ammonia separated from the second ammonia cooler and the condenser is depressurized to 5.1 MPa and enters the first-stage flash tank. Most of the hydrogen and nitrogen gas flashed out is directly returned to the fresh gas pipeline and enters the compressor. The liquid ammonia exiting the first-stage flash tank then enters the second-stage flash tank. The second-stage flash pressure is 2.5 MPa. The flash vapor is absorbed by the absorption tower and then sent to the boiler system for combustion. The ammonia water is sent to the boiler flue gas desulfurization system. The liquid ammonia exiting the second-stage flash tank is sent to the green ammonia storage tank for storage.

8. The marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia-fueled hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessel includes a hull, an ammonia storage module, an ammonia-to-hydrogen module, a hydrogen supply module, and a hydrogen fuel cell. The ammonia storage module includes a green ammonia storage tank, a monitoring system, and an emergency venting system. The green ammonia storage tank is maintained at room temperature. During ammonia refueling, the internal pressure is regulated by an inlet control valve on the green ammonia storage tank to maintain it within a safe range. When using ammonia fuel, the outlet pressure is regulated by an outlet control valve on the green ammonia storage tank. The ammonia-to-hydrogen module includes an ammonia decomposition furnace and a gas separation device. The ammonia decomposition furnace uses high-temperature electric heating to decompose ammonia gas, and then the resulting mixture... A gas injection and gas separation device separates unreacted ammonia from the mixed gas and reintroduces it into the ammonia decomposition furnace for reaction. Nitrogen is discharged into the air, and hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen supply module. The hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen processing device and a monitoring device. The hydrogen processing device purifies and dries the hydrogen produced by the ammonia-to-hydrogen module to generate hydrogen that meets the purity, pressure, and temperature requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell. The monitoring device is used to monitor in real time whether the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen processing device meets the purity, pressure, and temperature requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen fuel cell is used to provide power to the ship.

9. The marine ranching and zero-carbon integrated energy system based on marine energy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The consumption terminals include offshore vessels, integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations, and distributed power generation equipment. The integrated hydrogen production and refueling station includes an ammonia cracking reactor, separation equipment, hydrogen purification equipment, compression equipment, and refueling equipment. Liquid ammonia is cracked by high-temperature catalyst or electrocatalytic cracking to produce hydrogen and nitrogen. The separation equipment and hydrogen purification equipment separate unconverted ammonia for reuse. The purified hydrogen is pressurized by the compressor and then refueled to vehicles or used for fuel cell combustion to generate electricity.

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