Efficient self-venting hydrocyclone device with air floatation and method of use

Abstract

This invention relates to a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device and its usage method. This device, applied to particle size separation, consists of an inlet pipe, overflow pipe, vent plug, buffer pad, vent pipe, cylindrical body, flanges (cylindrical flange, conical flange), cone, porous pipe, fixing ring, and underflow pipe. The method includes the following steps: 1. coarse screening; 2. feeding; 3. hydrocyclone separation; 4. air flotation enhancement; 5. automatic venting. Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a more stable cyclone field compared to traditional air-float hydrocyclones, resulting in a 15% increase in separation efficiency and a 50% reduction in pressure drop.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency self-venting air flotation hydrocyclone device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrocyclones, as a type of classifying equipment, are widely used in particle classification and sorting due to their compact structure, convenient operation, high separation efficiency, and low cost. However, due to their inherent characteristics, the separation efficiency of hydrocyclones decreases significantly when processing materials with a high solid-liquid ratio. Currently, it is believed that the optimal solid-liquid ratio for hydrocyclones should be below 30%. However, because a low solid-liquid ratio is required and the throughput is large, implementation is generally costly. Incorporating air flotation components inside the hydrocyclone can disrupt the fishhook effect between particles of different sizes, effectively improving the separation efficiency and accuracy. However, due to the structural characteristics of hydrocyclones, severe gas retention occurs. The retained gas is periodically discharged from the overflow pipe, which disrupts the stability of the internal swirling flow, thus affecting separation efficiency and accuracy.

[0003] Patent "An Oil-Water Separation Device Facilitating Integration of Cyclone Flotation Process" (201911278306.2) relates to an air-flotation cyclone device for oil-water separation, comprising a tank. The tank is divided into four parts from top to bottom by a partition: an oil receiving chamber, a liquid receiving chamber, a flotation chamber, and a mixing chamber. An oil drain pipe is located at the top of the tank. A liquid inlet pipe is located on the side of the tank corresponding to the liquid receiving chamber. A floating oil and scum discharge pipe and a drain pipe are located on the side of the tank corresponding to the flotation chamber. A dissolved air water inlet pipe is located on the side of the tank corresponding to the mixing chamber. A sewage discharge pipe for the mixing chamber is located at the bottom of the tank. Multiple integrated cyclone flotation components are installed inside the tank. This device features modular cyclone components, making adjustment convenient and facilitating integration. However, due to the lack of an exhaust design, bubble accumulation repeatedly disrupts the stability of the cyclone flow inside the cyclone separator, significantly reducing separation efficiency.

[0004] The patent "Mechanical Dispersed Air Flotation Hydrocyclone" (CN201310096999.X) relates to a separation device that combines air flotation separation technology and hydrocyclone separation technology, including a dissolved air unit, an intermediate pump, and a hydrocyclone. Air is dissolved through a microbubble generator in the dissolved air unit, and the dissolved material is then fed into the hydrocyclone by the intermediate pump. High-efficiency separation is achieved under the influence of centrifugal force and gravity. Compared with traditional air flotation hydrocyclones, this device has lower energy consumption and higher separation efficiency. However, because the dissolved air operation occurs before the intermediate pump, cavitation can damage the intermediate pump, and bubbles can coalesce during the long transport path, affecting the air flotation effect.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a hydrocyclone device to solve the problem that gas accumulation inside the existing air-float hydrocyclone device leads to instability of the cyclone field and reduced classification efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art by providing a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device and its usage method. This invention provides a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device to solve the problem that gas accumulation inside the air-float hydrocyclone device in the prior art leads to an unstable cyclone field and a reduction in grading efficiency.

[0007] This invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first objective of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device, comprising a cyclone cylinder, an exhaust mechanism, and a cyclone cone; the cyclone cylinder includes an inlet pipe, an overflow pipe, a cylindrical body, and a cylinder flange; the exhaust mechanism includes an exhaust plug, a buffer pad, and an exhaust pipe; the cyclone cone includes a cone, a porous pipe, a fixing ring, and an underflow pipe; a retention chamber is pre-reserved on the upper side of the cylindrical body, and the retention chamber is a gas retention area; the inlet pipe and the cylindrical body... The cylindrical body is connected, with the inlet pipe located at the tangent of the arc surface of the cylindrical body; the overflow pipe is connected to the cylindrical body and inserted into the cylindrical body along the axial direction; the exhaust pipe is connected to the cylindrical body and passes through the cylindrical body along the central axis; a buffer pad is provided between the exhaust plug and the exhaust pipe; the cylindrical body is connected to the cone; the porous pipe is located inside the cone and has an air inlet at one end; the porous pipe is connected to the cone through a fixing ring; and the underflow pipe is connected to the cone.

[0009] Furthermore, the swirl cylinder also includes a cylinder flange; the swirl cone also includes a cone flange; the lower side of the cylindrical cylinder is provided with a cylinder flange; the upper side of the cone is provided with a cone flange; the cylinder flange is connected to the cone flange; the cylindrical cylinder and the cone are connected through the cylinder flange and the cone flange.

[0010] Furthermore, the inlet pipe is a cylindrical pipe; the overflow pipe is a cylindrical pipe; the exhaust pipe is a structure with an internal through hole and an external frustum (the frustum is actually formed by two stacked cylinders); the buffer pad is a ring structure made of flexible material; the cone is an inverted hollow cone surface with an opening on the lower side; and the underflow pipe is a hollow cylindrical pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the overflow pipe is connected to the cylindrical body by welding or other means; the inlet pipe is connected to the cylindrical body by welding or other means; the cone is connected to the underflow pipe by welding; the exhaust pipe has a stepped structure and is connected to the cylindrical body by welding; the exhaust plug, the exhaust pipe and the buffer pad together form the exhaust mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, a stagnation cavity is reserved at the top of the cylindrical body, and the height of the gas stagnation zone ranges from 1 / 5 to 1 / 10 of the total height of the cylindrical body.

[0013] Furthermore, the exhaust pipe has a two-stage stepped structure, including an upper stepped cylinder and a lower stepped cylinder connected to the upper stepped cylinder; the outer diameter of the upper stepped cylinder of the exhaust pipe is 1-2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the exhaust plug, so as to reserve an exhaust channel.

[0014] Furthermore, the buffer pad has an elastic ring structure, which can be an O-ring.

[0015] Furthermore, the porous tube has a ring-shaped structure, is located in the middle of the inner side of the cone, is attached to the cone wall and fixed by a fixing ring, and is supplied with air by an external air source.

[0016] Furthermore, the porous tube is drilled with dense air holes, the diameter of which is determined according to the particle size range of the sieve, ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm; gas is introduced into the porous tube, and the flow rate of the gas is determined according to the feeding speed, usually 1 / 5 to 1 / 10 of the feeding speed.

[0017] Furthermore, the air-float hydrocyclone device also includes a stirrer, a fine particle collection tank, and a pump; the pump's outlet and inlet pipes are connected; the pump's inlet is connected to the stirrer; the underflow pipe is correspondingly arranged with the stirrer; and the overflow pipe is connected to the fine particle collection tank.

[0018] Furthermore, the underflow pipe is configured in correspondence with the agitator, specifically: the underflow pipe is connected to the agitator via a pipeline or the underflow pipe is positioned above the agitator opening, so that the material (large particles) flowing out from the underflow pipe enters the agitator.

[0019] Furthermore, the pump's outlet and inlet pipes are connected by pipelines; the pump's inlet and agitator are connected by pipelines; and the overflow pipe is connected to the fine particle collection box by pipelines, so that the material (small particles) flowing out of the overflow pipe enters the fine particle collection box.

[0020] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for using a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) Mix the material particles with water in a certain proportion, and the uniformly mixed material is pumped to the inlet pipe;

[0022] (2) After the material enters the air-float hydrocyclone device through the inlet pipe, it moves towards the bottom flow pipe under the constraint of the wall and gravity, and forms a reverse vortex near the bottom flow pipe. An air column is formed at the center of the air-float hydrocyclone device. The reverse vortex moves towards the overflow pipe and is eventually discharged from the overflow pipe. Larger solid particles are affected by centrifugal force, move towards the wall and flow out with the bottom flow; smaller particles are affected by the internal pressure of the air-float hydrocyclone device, move towards the air column and flow out with the overflow.

[0023] (3) After the swirling field in the air-float hydrocyclone device stabilizes, pressurized gas is introduced into the porous tube and the pressure is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.1MPa. The pressurized gas forms bubbles through the porous tube and disperses into the swirling field of the air-float hydrocyclone device. The bubbles move towards the top of the columnar cylinder, breaking the entrainment of small particles by large particles in the process, reducing the possibility of small particles escaping from the bottom flow tube, and achieving the purpose of strengthening swirling separation. After the bubbles break, the gas will accumulate in the gas retention area.

[0024] (4) Gas continuously accumulates in the gas stagnation zone, causing the pressure in the gas stagnation zone to increase continuously. When the gas pressure in the gas stagnation zone exceeds the threshold controlled by the exhaust plug, the exhaust plug is pushed up, and the gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe. This process will not disrupt the stability of the swirling flow field.

[0025] Furthermore, before the material enters the air-float hydrocyclone device through the inlet pipe, it undergoes the following treatment:

[0026] After preliminary grinding, the material is coarsely sieved through a screen to remove particles larger than a certain size, resulting in material particles with a diameter less than or equal to a certain size after coarse sieving.

[0027] Furthermore, before the material enters the air-float hydrocyclone device through the inlet pipe, it undergoes the following treatment:

[0028] After preliminary grinding, the material is coarsely sieved through a screen to remove particles larger than 2mm, resulting in material particles with a diameter of 2mm or less after coarse sieving.

[0029] Furthermore, the method of use includes the following steps:

[0030] coarse sieve

[0031] After preliminary grinding, the material is coarsely sieved through a screen to remove particles larger than 2mm; feed...

[0032] After being coarsely screened, material particles with a diameter of less than 2mm are mixed with water in a certain proportion, and the uniformly mixed material is pumped to the inlet pipe.

[0033] Cyclone Separation

[0034] After the material enters the air-float hydrocyclone device through the inlet pipe, it undergoes a swirling motion towards the underflow pipe under the constraint of the wall and gravity, forming a reverse swirling flow near the underflow pipe and an air column at the center of the air-float hydrocyclone device. This reverse swirling flow moves towards the overflow pipe and is eventually discharged from the overflow pipe. Larger solid particles are affected by centrifugal force, moving towards the wall and flowing out with the underflow; smaller particles are affected by the internal pressure of the air-float hydrocyclone device, moving towards the air column and flowing out with the overflow.

[0035] Air flotation enhancement

[0036] After the swirling field inside the air-float hydrocyclone stabilizes, pressurized gas is introduced into the porous tube and the pressure is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.1 MPa. The pressurized gas forms bubbles through the porous tube and disperses into the swirling field of the air-float hydrocyclone. The bubbles move towards the top of the cylindrical body, breaking the entrainment of small particles by large particles in the process, reducing the possibility of small particles escaping from the bottom flow tube, and achieving the purpose of strengthening swirling separation. After the bubbles burst, the gas will accumulate in the gas retention area.

[0037] Automatic exhaust

[0038] Gas continuously accumulates in the gas stagnation zone, causing the pressure in the gas stagnation zone to increase continuously. When the gas pressure in the gas stagnation zone exceeds the threshold controlled by the exhaust plug (2-5 kPa), the exhaust plug is pushed up, and the gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe. This process does not disrupt the stability of the swirling flow field.

[0039] Furthermore, the air-float hydrocyclone device can be designed in different specifications and used in series to achieve a classification operation of multiple particle size grades in one process.

[0040] Furthermore, when used in series, the pump outlet is connected to the inlet pipe of the first air-float hydrocyclone, the underflow pipe of the preceding air-float hydrocyclone is connected to the inlet pipe of the following air-float hydrocyclone, the underflow pipe of the last air-float hydrocyclone is correspondingly set to the agitator, and the overflow pipe of one or more air-float hydrocyclones is connected to the fine particle collection box. When the overflow pipes of multiple air-float hydrocyclones are connected to the fine particle collection box, the overflow pipes of multiple air-float hydrocyclones are respectively connected to multiple fine particle collection boxes, realizing the classification operation of multiple particle size grades in one process.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0042] 1. This invention provides a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device that combines air flotation with cyclone classification, enhancing the separation efficiency of cyclone classification. By adding a self-venting mechanism, the internal flow field of the air-float hydrocyclone is stabilized, allowing the overflow to be discharged smoothly and continuously from the overflow pipe. This reduces the escape of smaller particles from the underflow, while also lowering the pressure drop of the air-float hydrocyclone and reducing the kinetic energy loss of the overflow, providing sufficient kinetic energy for the secondary cyclone section of the series hydrocyclone.

[0043] 2. This invention provides a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device. This device is used for particle size separation. Compared with traditional air-float hydrocyclones, this device has a more stable swirling field, which improves the separation efficiency by 15% and reduces the pressure drop by 50%. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partially enlarged cross-sectional structural diagram of part A in the diagram.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism of the high-efficiency self-exhausting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0048] In the picture:

[0049] 1-Inlet pipe, 2-Overflow pipe, 3-Exhaust plug, 4-Buffer pad, 5-Exhaust pipe, 6-Columnar cylinder, 7-Cylinder flange, 8-Conical flange, 9-Conical, 10-Porous pipe, 11-Fixing ring, 12-Underflow pipe, 13-Fine particle collection box, 14-Pump, 15-Agitator. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0051] The working principle of this technical solution is as follows:

[0052] The cyclone cylinder and the cyclone cone are connected by bolts. The uniformly mixed material enters the cyclone cylinder through the inlet pipe 1 via pump 14. Under the action of gravity, it moves downward in a swirling motion and forms an internal swirling flow near the underflow port of the underflow pipe 12. Due to the different particle sizes, coarser particles (large particles) will move towards the wall of the cyclone separator due to centrifugal force and eventually be discharged from the underflow port of the underflow pipe 12. Meanwhile, finer particles (small particles) will be discharged from the overflow port of the overflow pipe 2 due to the pressure distribution inside the cyclone separator. After the flow field inside the cyclone separator (cyclone device) stabilizes, the air valve of the air source is opened to start aeration in the porous pipe 10. The bubbles generated by the air flotation impact the particles inside the cyclone separator, breaking the entrainment effect of large particles on small particles and reducing the possibility of small particles escaping through the underflow. Meanwhile, the gas in the gas-side stagnation zone on the swirl cylinder slowly forms a gas chamber. When the pressure in the gas stagnation zone reaches a certain value, the exhaust plug 3 is pushed up by the gas pressure, and the gas is discharged from the gap between the exhaust pipe 5 and the exhaust plug 3.

[0053] This invention combines air flotation with cyclone classification, enhancing the separation efficiency of cyclone classification. By adding a self-venting mechanism, the internal flow field of the air-float hydrocyclone (air-float hydrocyclone device) is stabilized, allowing the overflow to be discharged smoothly and continuously from the overflow pipe 2. This reduces the escape of smaller particles from the underflow, while also lowering the pressure drop of the air-float hydrocyclone and reducing the kinetic energy loss of the overflow. Furthermore, when used in series, it provides sufficient kinetic energy for the secondary cyclone section of the series hydrocyclone.

[0054] Unless otherwise specified in this technical solution, the component model, material name, connection structure, usage method, algorithm, and other features are considered to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0055] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] It should be noted that in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0057] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials or processing techniques are all commercially available materials or conventional processing techniques in the art.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device, which includes a cyclone cylinder, an exhaust mechanism, and a cyclone cone.

[0060] The swirl cylinder includes an inlet pipe 1, an overflow pipe 2, a cylindrical body 6, and a cylinder flange 7;

[0061] The exhaust mechanism includes an exhaust plug 3, a buffer pad 4, and an exhaust pipe 5;

[0062] The swirling cone includes a cone flange 8, a cone 9, a porous tube 10, a fixing ring 11, and an underflow tube 12.

[0063] The cylindrical body 6 has a flange 7 on its lower side and a stagnation cavity reserved on its upper side. The stagnation cavity is a gas stagnation area. The inlet pipe 1 is a cylindrical pipe located at the tangent of the arc surface of the cylindrical body 6. The overflow pipe 2 is a cylindrical pipe inserted into the cylindrical body 6 along the axial direction.

[0064] The overflow pipe 2 is connected to the cylindrical body 6 by welding or other means; the inlet pipe 1 is connected to the cylindrical body 6 by welding or other means.

[0065] The top of the cylindrical body 6 is reserved with a gas retention area, the height of which is 1 / 5 to 1 / 10 of the total height of the cylindrical body 6.

[0066] The exhaust pipe 5 penetrates the cylindrical body 6 along the central axis. The exhaust pipe 5 has an internal through hole and an external frustum structure. The buffer pad 4 is a ring structure made of flexible material.

[0067] The exhaust pipe 5 has a two-stage stepped structure, including an upper stepped cylinder and a lower stepped cylinder connected to the upper stepped cylinder, and is welded to the cylindrical body 6; a buffer pad 4 is provided between the exhaust plug 3 and the exhaust pipe 5, and the exhaust plug 3, exhaust pipe 5 and buffer pad 4 together form the exhaust mechanism. The buffer pad 4 is an O-ring.

[0068] The outer diameter of the upper stepped cylinder of exhaust pipe 5 is 1-2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of exhaust plug 3 to allow for an exhaust passage. The diameter of the upper stepped cylinder is smaller than that of the lower stepped cylinder.

[0069] The cylindrical flange 7 and the conical flange 8 are connected; the cylindrical body 6 and the conical body 9 are connected through the cylindrical flange 7 and the conical flange 8.

[0070] The cone 9 is an inverted hollow cone with an opening on the lower side and a cone flange 8 on the upper side. The porous pipe 10 is an annular structure located in the middle of the inner side of the cone 9, with an air inlet at one end. The underflow pipe 12 is a hollow cylindrical pipe. The cone 9 and the underflow pipe 12 are connected by welding or other methods. The porous pipe 10 is an annular structure located in the middle of the cone 9, and is attached to the wall of the cone 9 and fixed by a fixing ring 11, and is supplied with air from an external air source.

[0071] The porous tube 10 is located in the middle of the cone 9, and is attached to the wall of the cone 9 and fixed by a fixing ring 11, and is supplied with air by an external air source.

[0072] The porous tube 10 is drilled with dense air holes. The hole diameter is determined according to the particle size range of the sieve, which is 0.1-1mm. The gas flow rate is determined according to the feed rate, which is usually 1 / 5-1 / 10 of the feed rate.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device. Based on embodiment 1, this embodiment also includes the following settings:

[0075] The air-float hydrocyclone device also includes an agitator 15, a fine particle collection box 13, and a pump 14; the outlet and inlet pipe 1 of the pump 14 are connected by a pipeline; the inlet of the pump 14 and the agitator 15 are connected by a pipeline; the underflow pipe 12 is correspondingly arranged with the agitator 15, specifically: the underflow pipe 12 is connected to the agitator 15 by a pipeline or the underflow pipe 12 is arranged above the opening of the agitator 15 so that the material (large particles) flowing out from the underflow pipe 12 enters the agitator 15; the overflow pipe 2 is connected to the fine particle collection box 13 by a pipeline.

[0076] This embodiment also provides a method for using a high-efficiency self-venting air-float type hydrocyclone device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0077] (1) After the material is initially ground, it is coarsely screened through a screen to remove material particles larger than 2mm (or other sizes);

[0078] (2) After being screened, the material particles with a diameter of less than 2 mm are mixed with water in a certain proportion in the agitator 15. The uniformly mixed material is then pumped to the inlet pipe 1 by the pump 14.

[0079] (3) After the material enters the air-float hydrocyclone device through the inlet pipe 1, it undergoes a swirling motion towards the underflow pipe 12 under the constraint of the wall and the action of gravity, and forms a reverse swirling flow near the underflow pipe 12. An air column is formed at the center of the air-float hydrocyclone device. This reverse swirling flow moves towards the overflow pipe 2 and is eventually discharged from the overflow pipe 2. Larger solid particles are affected by centrifugal force, move towards the wall and flow out with the underflow. Larger particles enter the agitator 15 through the underflow pipe 12. Smaller particles are affected by the internal pressure of the air-float hydrocyclone device, move towards the air column and flow out with the overflow. Smaller particles enter the fine particle collection box 13 through the overflow pipe 2.

[0080] (4) After the swirling field in the air-float hydrocyclone device stabilizes, pressurized gas is introduced into the porous tube 10 and the pressure is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.1MPa. The pressurized gas forms bubbles through the porous tube 10 and disperses into the swirling field of the air-float hydrocyclone device. The bubbles move towards the top of the columnar cylinder 6. In the process, the large particles are broken up and the small particles are trapped together. This reduces the possibility of small particles escaping from the bottom flow tube 12, thereby achieving the purpose of strengthening the swirling separation. After the bubbles break, the gas will accumulate in the gas retention area.

[0081] (5) Gas continuously accumulates in the gas stagnation zone, causing the pressure in the gas stagnation zone to increase continuously. When the gas pressure in the gas stagnation zone exceeds the threshold controlled by the exhaust plug 3, the exhaust plug 3 is pushed up, and the gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 5. This process will not disrupt the stability of the swirling flow field.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] This embodiment provides a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device, which, based on embodiment 2, further includes the following configuration:

[0084] In the experiment, the high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device used in this embodiment has a cylindrical body 6 with a diameter of 200mm, an overflow pipe 2 with a diameter of 80mm, an overflow pipe 2 with an insertion depth of 100mm, an exhaust plug 3 with an outer diameter of 20mm and an inner diameter of 11mm, an exhaust pipe 5 with a first-level step (lower-level step cylinder) with a diameter of 20mm, an exhaust pipe 5 with a second-level step (upper-level step cylinder) with a diameter of 10mm, an exhaust pipe 5 with an inner diameter of 3mm, an exhaust pipe 5 with a central axis 75mm away from the central axis of the entire device, and two sets of exhaust mechanisms are provided on both sides 75mm away from the central axis of the entire device. The cone 9 has a cone angle of 30°, the underflow pipe 12 has an inner diameter of 20mm, the porous pipe 10 has a diameter of 100mm, an inner diameter of 4mm, an outer diameter of 5mm, and an exhaust hole diameter of approximately 0.5mm on the porous pipe 10. The pump (14) uses a mechanical diaphragm pump with a head of 12m for material conveying, controlling the flow range to 0-3m. 3 / h. Device connection as follows Figure 3 As shown.

[0085] In this embodiment, the cyclone separator refers to the whole consisting of the cyclone cylinder, the exhaust mechanism, and the cyclone cone.

[0086] This embodiment also provides a method for using a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device. Using the above device for soil particle size classification includes the following process:

[0087] (1) Coarse screening

[0088] After preliminary grinding, the material is coarsely sieved through a 10-mesh sieve to remove particles larger than 2mm.

[0089] (2) Feeding

[0090] After being coarsely screened, material particles with a diameter of 2 mm or less are mixed with water in a certain proportion. This process can be completed by a mixer 15. The uniformly mixed material is then pumped to the inlet pipe 1 by a pump 14.

[0091] (3) Cyclone separation

[0092] After the material enters the hydrocyclone through inlet pipe 1, the feed rate is adjusted to a range of 1m. 3 / h-2.5m 3With the flow rate varying within a certain range, the material, constrained by the wall and under the influence of gravity, undergoes a swirling motion towards the underflow pipe 12, forming a reverse swirling flow near the underflow pipe 12 and an air column at the center of the hydrocyclone. This reverse swirling flow moves towards the overflow pipe 2 and is eventually discharged from the overflow pipe 2. Larger solid particles, influenced by centrifugal force, move towards the wall and flow out with the underflow, while larger particles enter the agitator 15 through the underflow pipe 12. Smaller particles, influenced by the internal pressure of the hydrocyclone, move towards the air column and flow out with the overflow, while smaller particles enter the fine particle collection box 13 through the overflow pipe 2.

[0093] (4) Air flotation enhancement

[0094] After the swirling flow field stabilizes, pressurized gas is introduced into the porous tube 10 and the pressure is controlled within the range of 0.02-0.03 MPa. The gas forms bubbles through the porous tube 10 and disperses into the swirler flow field. The bubbles move towards the top of the cylindrical body 6, breaking the entrainment of small particles by large particles and reducing the possibility of small particles escaping from the underflow tube 12, thus achieving the purpose of enhanced swirling separation. After the bubbles burst, the gas will accumulate in the gas retention area.

[0095] (5) Automatic exhaust

[0096] Gas continuously accumulates in the gas retention zone, causing the pressure in that area to increase continuously. When the gas pressure exceeds the threshold (2 kPa) controlled by the exhaust plug 3, the exhaust plug 3 is pushed up, and the gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 5. This process does not disrupt the stability of the swirling flow field.

[0097] Comparative Example

[0098] This comparative example provides a conventional air-floating cyclone separator without an exhaust mechanism. The dimensions of the conventional air-floating cyclone separator are: cylinder diameter 200mm, overflow pipe diameter 80mm, insertion depth 100mm, cone angle 30°, underflow pipe inner diameter 20mm, and perforated pipe specifications of 100mm diameter, 4mm inner diameter, 5mm outer diameter, and 0.5mm orifice diameter. Experiments were conducted under identical operating conditions.

[0099] Based on actual needs, a comparative experiment was conducted using the device described in the invention and a traditional air-floating cyclone separator.

[0100] The experimental results are shown in the table below:

[0101] Table 1. Separation efficiency of different hydrocyclones under different feed rates.

[0102]

[0103] The particle size separation efficiency is about 15% higher than that of an air flotation hydrocyclone without an exhaust mechanism.

[0104] Table 2 Pressure Drop Reduction Ratio (Assuming the pressure drop ratio of a conventional hydrocyclone is 1)

[0105]

[0106] Due to the presence of gas in the fluid, the pressure drop of both the present invention and the air-floating hydrocyclone without an exhaust mechanism is increased compared to the conventional hydrocyclone. The pressure drop of the present invention (Example 3) is reduced by 50% compared to the conventional air-floating hydrocyclone (comparative example).

[0107] Example 4

[0108] This embodiment provides a high-efficiency self-venting air-float hydrocyclone device. The air-float hydrocyclone device can be designed in different specifications and used in series to realize the classification operation of multiple particle size grades in one process.

[0109] When used in series, the outlet of pump 14 is connected to the inlet pipe 1 of the first air-float hydrocyclone, the underflow pipe 12 of the previous air-float hydrocyclone is connected to the inlet pipe 1 of the next air-float hydrocyclone, the underflow pipe 12 of the last air-float hydrocyclone is correspondingly set to the agitator 15, and the overflow pipe 2 of one or more air-float hydrocyclones is connected to the fine particle collection box 13. When the overflow pipe 2 of multiple air-float hydrocyclones is connected to the fine particle collection box 13, the overflow pipe 2 of multiple air-float hydrocyclones is correspondingly connected to multiple fine particle collection boxes 13, so as to realize the classification operation of multiple particle size grades in one process.

[0110] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, modifications can still be made to the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not exceed the protection scope of the present invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device, characterized in that, The air-float hydrocyclone device includes a cyclone cylinder, an exhaust mechanism, and a cyclone cone; The swirl cylinder includes an inlet pipe (1), an overflow pipe (2), a cylindrical body (6), and a cylinder flange (7). The exhaust mechanism includes an exhaust plug (3), a buffer pad (4), and an exhaust pipe (5); The swirling cone includes a cone (9), a porous tube (10), a fixing ring (11), and an underflow tube (12). The upper side of the cylindrical body (6) has a retention cavity, which is a gas retention area; The inlet pipe (1) is connected to the cylindrical body (6), and the inlet pipe (1) is located at the tangent of the arc surface of the cylindrical body (6); The overflow pipe (2) is connected to the cylindrical body (6), and the overflow pipe (2) is inserted into the cylindrical body (6) along the axial direction; The exhaust pipe (5) is connected to the cylindrical body (6), and the exhaust pipe (5) passes through the cylindrical body (6) along the central axis. A buffer pad (4) is provided between the exhaust plug (3) and the exhaust pipe (5); The cylindrical body (6) is connected to the cone (9); The porous tube (10) is located inside the cone (9), and one end is provided with an air inlet. The porous tube (10) and the cone (9) are connected by a retaining ring (11); The underflow pipe (12) is connected to the cone (9); The top of the cylindrical body (6) is reserved with a stagnation cavity, and the height of the gas stagnation zone is 1 / 5 to 1 / 10 of the total height of the cylindrical body (6). The cyclone cylinder and the cyclone cone are connected by bolts. The uniformly mixed material enters the cyclone cylinder through the inlet pipe (1) via the pump (14). Under the action of gravity, it undergoes downward swirling motion and forms an internal vortex near the bottom outlet of the bottom outlet pipe (12). Due to the different particle sizes, the coarser particles will move towards the wall of the cyclone separator due to centrifugal force and eventually be discharged from the bottom outlet of the bottom outlet pipe (12). The finer particles, affected by the pressure distribution inside the cyclone separator, will overflow from the overflow pipe (2). After the flow field inside the cyclone device stabilizes, the gas valve of the gas source is opened to start aeration in the porous tube (10). The bubbles generated by the air flotation impact the particles inside the cyclone, breaking the entrainment effect of large particles on small particles and reducing the possibility of small particles escaping through the bottom flow. At the same time, the gas-side retention area on the cyclone cylinder accumulates gas to form a gas cavity. When the pressure in the gas retention area reaches a certain value, the exhaust plug (3) is lifted by the air pressure, and the gas is discharged from the gap between the exhaust pipe (5) and the exhaust plug (3).

2. The high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The swirl cylinder also includes a cylinder flange (7); The swirling cone also includes a cone flange (8); The cylindrical body (6) is provided with a cylindrical flange (7) on its lower side. The cone (9) is provided with a cone flange (8) on its upper side; The cylindrical flange (7) is connected to the conical flange (8); The cylindrical body (6) and the cone (9) are connected by a cylindrical body flange (7) and a cone flange (8).

3. The high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet pipe (1) is a cylindrical pipe; The overflow pipe (2) is a cylindrical pipe; The exhaust pipe (5) has an internal through hole and an external frustum structure; The buffer pad (4) is a ring structure made of flexible material; The cone (9) is an inverted hollow cone with an opening on the lower side; The underflow pipe (12) is a hollow cylindrical pipe.

4. The high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow pipe (2) is connected to the cylindrical body (6) by welding; the inlet pipe (1) is connected to the cylindrical body (6) by welding; the cone (9) is connected to the underflow pipe (12) by welding; the exhaust pipe (5) is a stepped structure and is connected to the cylindrical body (6) by welding.

5. The high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust pipe (5) has a two-stage stepped structure, including an upper stepped cylinder and a lower stepped cylinder connected to the upper stepped cylinder; The outer diameter of the upper stepped cylinder of the exhaust pipe (5) is 1-2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the exhaust plug (3) in order to reserve an exhaust passage.

6. The high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous tube (10) is a ring structure, located in the middle of the inner side of the cone (9), and is attached to the wall of the cone (9) and fixed by a fixing ring (11).

7. The high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous tube (10) is drilled with air holes, the diameter of which ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm; Gas is introduced into the porous tube (10), and the gas flow rate is 1 / 5 to 1 / 10 of the feed rate.

8. The high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-float hydrocyclone device also includes a stirrer (15), a fine particle collection box (13), and a pump (14). The outlet and inlet pipes (1) of the pump (14) are connected; The inlet of the pump (14) is connected to the agitator (15); The underflow pipe (12) is correspondingly arranged with the stirrer (15); The overflow pipe (2) is connected to the fine particle collection box (13).

9. A method of using a high-efficiency self-venting air-floating hydrocyclone device as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method of use includes the following steps: The material particles are mixed with water, and the uniformly mixed material is pumped (14) to the inlet pipe (1). After the material enters the air-float hydrocyclone device through the inlet pipe (1), it undergoes a swirling motion towards the underflow pipe (12) under the constraint of the wall and the action of gravity, and forms a reverse swirling flow near the underflow pipe (12), and forms an air column at the center of the air-float hydrocyclone device. This reverse swirling flow moves towards the overflow pipe (2) and is eventually discharged from the overflow pipe (2). Larger solid particles are affected by centrifugal force, move towards the wall and flow out with the underflow; smaller particles are affected by the internal pressure of the air-float hydrocyclone device, move towards the air column and flow out with the overflow. After the swirling field inside the air-float hydrocyclone stabilizes, pressurized gas is introduced into the porous tube (10) and the pressure is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.1MPa. The pressurized gas forms bubbles through the porous tube (10) and disperses into the swirling field of the air-float hydrocyclone. The bubbles move toward the top of the cylindrical body (6), breaking the entrainment of small particles by large particles in the process, reducing the possibility of small particles escaping from the bottom flow tube (12), and achieving the purpose of strengthening swirling separation. After the bubbles break, the gas will accumulate in the gas retention area. Gas continuously accumulates in the gas stagnation zone, causing the pressure in the gas stagnation zone to increase continuously. When the gas pressure in the gas stagnation zone exceeds the threshold controlled by the exhaust plug (3), the exhaust plug (3) is pushed up, and the gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe (5). This process does not disrupt the stability of the swirling flow field.

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