A five-axis machining center

Abstract

The application discloses a five-axis machining center and belongs to the field of numerical control machine tools. The five-axis machining center comprises a bed body, a lifting seat, a connecting rotating seat and a tool rotating seat, and the included angle between the rotating shaft of the tool rotating seat and the rotating shaft of the connecting rotating seat is 45 degrees. A main shaft is rotatably connected to the tool rotating seat, a tool is detachably connected to the main shaft, a tool changing mechanism is installed on the upper portion of the bed body, the tool changing mechanism comprises a rotating disc and a driving gear which is in one-way transmission connection with the rotating disc, a plurality of spare tools are uniformly installed on the rotating disc in the circumferential direction, a driving frame which can be driven by the driving gear is slidably connected to the lifting seat, a rack is arranged on the driving frame, and the rack is engaged with the driving frame when the connecting rotating seat and the tool rotating seat move to the position where the tool is vertically upward. The tool changing mechanism can drive the rotating disc to rotate without additional power elements, and the tool can be conveniently replaced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of CNC machine tools, and more specifically, relates to a five-axis machining center. Background Technology

[0002] A five-axis machining center is a high-tech, high-precision machining center specifically designed for machining complex curved surfaces. This type of machining center system has a significant impact on a country's aviation, aerospace, military, scientific research, precision instruments, high-precision medical equipment and other industries.

[0003] Five-axis machining centers are equipped with automatic tool changers, tool changers, and automatic pallet exchangers. These devices are designed to complete the machining requirements of different parts of the same workpiece as much as possible after a single setup, and to minimize the non-fault downtime of CNC machining centers, thereby shortening the product manufacturing cycle and improving the product machining accuracy.

[0004] However, the original tool changing device requires multiple motors to work in coordination to change the tool, which takes up more space and increases costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a five-axis machining center that can achieve a tool changing mechanism using fewer electrical components, thereby saving costs.

[0006] The present invention discloses a five-axis machining center, comprising a bed, a lifting seat slidably connected longitudinally to the bed, a connecting rotary seat rotatably connected to the front end of the lifting seat, and a tool rotary seat rotatably connected to the connecting rotary seat; the included angle between the rotation axis of the tool rotary seat and the rotation axis of the connecting rotary seat is 45°.

[0007] A spindle is rotatably connected to the tool spool; a tool is detachably connected to the spindle; a tool changing mechanism is installed on the upper part of the bed; the tool changing mechanism includes a rotating turntable and a drive gear rotatably connected to the turntable in one direction; multiple spare tools are evenly installed on the turntable circumferentially.

[0008] The lifting seat is slidably connected to a drive frame that can drive the drive gear; the drive frame is provided with a rack; when the connecting rotary seat and the tool rotary seat move to the point where the tool is vertically upward, the rack meshes with the drive frame.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, a push rod capable of pushing the drive frame to move is slidably connected along the axial direction on the connecting rotary seat; a push frame capable of abutting against the push rod and thus driving the push rod to move is provided on the tool rotary seat.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a push plate is slidably connected to the connecting rotating seat between the abutment and the lifting seat; a spring is installed between the end of the abutment near the connecting seat and the push plate.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, a turntable gear is coaxially arranged at the lower end of the turntable; an end face gear that meshes with the turntable gear is rotatably connected to the bed; the end face gear is coaxially arranged with the drive gear, and a ratchet mechanism is installed between the end face gear and the drive gear.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the spindle includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected in the tool holder, and a lifting frame circumferentially and synchronously rotating with the rotating shaft, which is slidably connected to the rotating shaft along the axial direction; the tool is provided with a tool slot that can abut against the end face of the lifting frame.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, a connecting frame for driving the lifting frame to move is slidably connected inside the tool swivel; a synchronous belt distributed along the rotation axis is installed inside the tool swivel; the connecting frame is fixedly connected to one side of the surface of the synchronous belt; a pressure rod extending to the outside of the tool swivel is provided on the other side of the surface of the synchronous belt; a lower pressure frame that prevents the pressure rod from moving is installed on the upper part of the bed; the movement direction of the pressure rod is opposite to that of the connecting frame.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, a positioning magnet is provided on the side wall of the cutting tool; an electromagnet capable of being attracted to the positioning magnet is provided inside the rotating shaft.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outer wall of the tool is provided with a tool changing groove; a push-pull frame is slidably connected to the bed above the turntable along the radius of the turntable; two symmetrically arranged clamping rods that can engage with the tool changing groove are rotatably connected to the push-pull frame.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the clamping rod is provided with a first abutment on the side of the clamping rod's rotation axis near the center of the turntable; the clamping rod is provided with a second abutment on the side of the clamping rod's rotation axis away from the center of the turntable.

[0017] Both the first and second abutments can abut against the outer wall of the tool, thereby pushing the tool to move.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, a positioning frame is fixedly connected to the bed; a push rod for driving the push-pull frame to move is fixedly connected to the positioning frame; two inclined and symmetrically arranged guide rods are provided at the upper end of the positioning frame; the guide rods can contact the first abutment, thereby causing the two first abutments to move closer to each other.

[0019] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: One feature of the five-axis machining center is that the rotation of the connecting rotary table and the tool rotary table changes the orientation of the tool, allowing the tool to machine the surface of the part at different angles. This can be used for more complex part models. At the same time, this solution also utilizes the rotation of the connecting rotary table and the tool rotary table again. When the tool rotates to a vertical position, the rotation of the connecting rotary table and the tool rotary table can move the drive frame, thereby driving the turntable to rotate. This allows the turntable to move the corresponding numbered tool to the designated position, facilitating tool changing, reducing the original required motor, and saving costs.

[0020] This solution raises the lifting platform to a designated position, then engages the rack with the drive gear, allowing the rack to rotate the drive gear at any desired angle, which in turn rotates the turntable at a specified angle. At this point, the required numbered tool moves to face the push-pull frame for tool replacement. No additional control mechanism is required; this function is achieved using the existing components of the five-axis machining center.

[0021] The lifting seat was originally only used to move the tool up and down to change the tool's machining position. However, in this solution, the lifting seat can also drive the rack to move, so that the rack and drive gear can cooperate to make the turntable rotate. It can also make the pressure rod cooperate with the lower pressure frame, so that the lifting frame can separate the tool from the tool turntable, making it easier to change the tool.

[0022] This solution, through the cooperation of the push-pull frame and the clamping rod, allows for the installation of new tools on the lifting frame and the removal and reinstallation of old tools on the turntable during one back-and-forth movement of the push-pull frame, without requiring excessive additional actions. The structure is simple and easy to operate. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting seat, connecting rotary seat, and tool rotary seat of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tool changing mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting tool of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, which shows the lifting frame driving the tool to move above the tool rotating base.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting tool of the present invention when it passes through the two second abutments.

[0027] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the cutting tool of the present invention abuts against the first abutment.

[0028] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure when the tool with the designated number in this invention is located at the upper end of the lifting frame.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the tool is changed according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first abutment and the guide rod of the present invention.

[0031] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 21. Worktable; 22. Left and right guide rails; 23. Front and rear guide rails; 24. Longitudinal guide rail; 25. Lower pressure frame; 26. Bed; 27. Tool post cover; 31. Lifting seat; 32. Connecting rotary table; 33. Tool rotary table; 331. Support frame; 34. Support rod; 35. Push plate; 36. Spring; 37. Drive frame; 371. Rack; 4. Tool changing mechanism; 41. Turntable; 411. Slot; 412 42. Turntable gear; 43. End face gear; 5. Drive gear; 6. Cutting tool; 51. Tool change slot; 52. Tool chuck; 53. Positioning magnet; 6. Spindle; 61. Rotating shaft; 62. Lifting frame; 63. Connecting frame; 64. Synchronous belt; 641. Pressure rod; 71. Push rod; 72. Push-pull frame; 73. Clamping rod; 731. First abutment; 732. Second abutment; 8. Positioning frame; 81. Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Specific Implementation Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-11 A five-axis machining center includes a bed 26, a lifting seat 31 longitudinally slidably connected to the bed 26, a connecting rotary seat 32 rotatably connected to the front end of the lifting seat 31, and a tool rotary seat 33 rotatably connected to the connecting rotary seat 32; the included angle between the rotation axis of the tool rotary seat 33 and the rotation axis of the connecting rotary seat 32 is 45°.

[0033] A spindle 6 is rotatably connected to the tool swivel 33; a tool 5 is detachably connected to the spindle 6; a tool changing mechanism 4 is installed on the upper part of the bed 26; the tool changing mechanism 4 includes a rotating turntable 41 and a drive gear 43 that is rotatably connected to the turntable 41 in one direction; a plurality of spare tools 5 are evenly installed on the turntable 41 in the circumferential direction.

[0034] The lifting seat 31 is slidably connected to a drive frame 37 that can drive the drive gear 43; the drive frame 37 is provided with a rack 371; when the connecting rotating seat 32 and the tool rotating seat 33 move to the point where the tool 5 is vertically upward, it is in the tool changing state, and the rack 371 meshes with the drive frame 37.

[0035] The angle between the axis of rotation of the spindle 6 and the axis of rotation of the tool holder 33 is 45°.

[0036] A second spring for resetting the drive frame 37 is installed between the drive frame 37 and the lifting seat 31.

[0037] The connecting rotary seat 32 is slidably connected along the axial direction to a push rod 34 that can push the drive frame 37 to move; the tool rotary seat 33 is provided with a push frame 331 that can abut against the push rod 34 and drive the push rod 34 to move.

[0038] When the connecting rotary seat 32 is perpendicular to the cutter rotary seat 33, and the connecting rotary seat 32 rotates to the point where the cutter 5 is vertically upward, the abutment 331 abuts against the abutment rod 34, and the abutment rod 34 moves to the extreme position close to the lifting seat 31. At the same time, the abutment rod 34 is directly opposite the drive frame 37, pushing the drive frame 37 to move until the rack 371 meshes with the drive gear 43.

[0039] A push plate 35 is slidably connected to the connecting pivot 32 between the abutment 34 and the lifting seat 31; a spring 36 is installed between the end of the abutment 34 near the connecting seat 32 and the push plate 35.

[0040] When the connecting rotary seat 32 and the tool rotary seat 33 are perpendicular to each other, and the connecting rotary seat 32 has not rotated to the point where the tool 5 is vertically upward, the push plate 35 abuts against the end face of the lifting seat 31. At this time, the abutment rod 34 moves to the extreme position close to the lifting seat 31, and the spring is compressed. By setting the spring 36 and the push plate 35, when the abutment rod 34 is not directly opposite the drive frame 37, the abutment frame 331 pushing the abutment rod 34 will not collide with the lifting seat 311, thus avoiding affecting normal use.

[0041] The rotating shaft of the turntable 41 is arranged longitudinally; a turntable gear 412 is coaxially arranged at the lower end of the turntable 41; an end face gear 42 that meshes with the turntable gear 412 is rotatably connected to the bed 26; the end face gear 42 is coaxially arranged with the drive gear 43, and a ratchet mechanism is installed between the end face gear 42 and the drive gear 43.

[0042] The shaft of the drive gear 43 is set in the horizontal direction; when the rack 371 moves upward, the rack 371 causes the turntable 41 to rotate through the drive gear 43 and the ratchet mechanism; when the rack 371 moves downward, the rack 371 drives the drive gear 43 to rotate, but due to the characteristics of the ratchet mechanism, the turntable 41 does not rotate.

[0043] The spindle 6 includes a rotating shaft 61 rotatably connected in the tool swivel 33, and a lifting frame 62 circumferentially connected to the rotating shaft 61 and rotating synchronously with the rotating shaft 61 along the axial direction; the tool 5 is provided with a tool slot 52 that can abut against the end face of the lifting frame 62.

[0044] The tool slot 52 is inserted into the lifting frame 62 and abuts against the end face of the lifting frame 62, so that when the rotating shaft 61 rotates, the rotating shaft 61 drives the lifting frame 63 and the tool 5 to rotate synchronously.

[0045] When the cutter 5 is vertically upward, the lifting frame 62 moves upward, thereby driving the cutter 5 to move upward synchronously until it is directly opposite the turntable 41, which facilitates the replacement of the cutter 5.

[0046] The tool swivel 33 is slidably connected to a connecting frame 63 for moving the lifting frame 62; a synchronous belt 64 is installed in the tool swivel 33 along the axial direction of the rotation axis 61; the connecting frame 63 is fixedly connected to one side of the surface of the synchronous belt 64; a pressure rod 641 extending to the outside of the tool swivel 33 is provided on the other side of the surface of the synchronous belt 64; a lower pressure frame 25 is installed on the upper part of the bed 26 to prevent the pressure rod 641 from moving; the movement direction of the pressure rod 641 is opposite to that of the connecting frame 63.

[0047] When the tool 5 is vertically upward, it drives the pressure rod 641 to be located directly below the lower pressure frame 25. When the lifting seat 31 moves upward until the pressure rod 641 abuts against the lower pressure frame 25, the pressure rod 641 will no longer move. At this time, the lifting seat 31 continues to move upward, the synchronous belt 64 will operate, and the pressure rod 641 moves downward relative to the tool rotating seat 33. Then the connecting frame 63 drives the lifting frame 62 to move upward relative to the tool rotating seat 33, and the lifting frame 62 drives the tool 5 to disengage from the tool rotating seat 33.

[0048] The cutting tool 5 has a positioning magnet 53 on its side wall; the rotating shaft 61 has an electromagnet that can be attracted to the positioning magnet 53. When the electromagnet is energized, it can be firmly attracted to the positioning magnet 53, thereby fixing the cutting tool 5.

[0049] The outer wall of the cutting tool 5 is provided with a tool changing groove 51; a push-pull frame 72 is slidably connected to the bed 26 above the turntable 41 along the radius of the turntable 41; two symmetrically arranged clamping rods 73 that can engage with the tool changing groove 51 are rotatably connected to the push-pull frame 72.

[0050] The sliding direction of the push-pull bracket 72 is directly opposite to the tool 5 in the tool changing state, and the rotation axis of the clamping rod 73 is arranged longitudinally.

[0051] The clamping rod 73 is provided with a first abutment 731 on the side of its rotating shaft near the center of the turntable 41; the clamping rod 73 is provided with a second abutment 732 on the side of its rotating shaft away from the center of the turntable 41.

[0052] Both the first abutment 731 and the second abutment 732 can abut against the outer wall of the tool 5, thereby pushing the tool 5 to move.

[0053] In the initial state, the push-pull bracket 72 is located above the turntable 41, the two clamping rods 73 are inclined relative to each other, and the two first abutments 731 abut against each other. At this time, the distance between the two second abutments 732 is enough for the tool 5 to pass through.

[0054] A positioning frame 8 is fixedly connected to the bed 26; a push rod 71 for driving the push-pull frame 72 to move is fixedly connected to the positioning frame 8; two inclined and symmetrically arranged guide rods 81 are provided at the upper end of the positioning frame 8; the guide rods 81 can contact the first abutment 731, thereby bringing the two first abutments 731 closer to each other.

[0055] The bed 26 is provided with a worktable 21, left and right guide rails 22 that drive the worktable to move left and right, and front and back guide rails 23 that drive the left and right guide rails 22 to move back and forth; the bed 26 is provided with a longitudinal guide rail 24; the lifting seat 31 is installed on the longitudinal guide rail 24.

[0056] The bed 26 is installed inside the outer casing 1; a tool holder cover 27 is installed inside the outer casing 1 to cover the tool changing mechanism 4.

[0057] The machining center also includes multiple motors that drive the rotating base 32, the tool rotating base 33, and the rotating shaft 61 to rotate respectively; each motor, left and right guide rails 22, front and rear guide rails 23, longitudinal guide rail 24, push rod 71, and electromagnet are electrically connected to the control unit inside the housing 1.

[0058] The turntable 41 has multiple numbers, each corresponding to a tool. Selecting a specific number allows you to change the tool.

[0059] When processing the parts, the material is fixed on the upper end of the worktable 21, and the cutting tool 5 cuts the material through the coordinated operation of various components.

[0060] When a tool needs to be changed, the rotating shaft 61 drives the tool 5 to rotate until it is positioned in the tool changing slot 51 in the front-to-back direction, facilitating the insertion of the clamping rod 73 into the tool changing slot 51. The control unit automatically calculates the required rotation angle of the turntable 41 after selecting the corresponding number of the tool 5 at the designated position, and then calculates other data. Next, the lifting seat 31 is raised to the corresponding height and then stops. Then, the connecting turntable 32 and the tool turntable 33 rotate, causing the tool 5 to rotate vertically upwards. This causes the abutment 331 to push the abutment rod 34 towards the lifting seat 31, so that the corresponding position on the rack 371 of the drive frame 37 meshes with the drive gear 43.

[0061] At this time, the lifting seat 31 continues to move upward, and the rack 371 will drive the drive gear 43 to rotate at the corresponding angle, thereby driving the turntable 41 to rotate at the required angle, so that the designated numbered cutter 5 moves to be directly opposite the push-pull frame 72.

[0062] After the cutter 5 rotates to the corresponding position, the lifting seat 31 continues to move upward, causing the lower pressure frame 25 to abut against the pressure rod 641, and then the lifting frame 62 pushes the cutter 5 to move upward relative to the cutter rotating seat 33, and finally the cutter 5 is directly opposite the push-pull frame 72.

[0063] Next, push rod 71 pushes push-pull bracket 72 forward, and the corresponding numbered tool 5 enters between the two clamping rods 73. After passing through the two second abutments 732, the tool changing groove 51 abuts against the side walls of the two clamping rods 73, forcing the two clamping rods 73 to rotate relative to each other. When the tool 5 abuts against the first abutment 731, the two clamping rods 73 are relatively parallel, and the clamping rods 73 are inserted into the tool changing groove 51. At this time, the gap between the two first abutments is not enough for the tool 5 to pass through.

[0064] The push-pull frame 72 continues to move forward, and the clamping rod 73 drives the corresponding numbered tool 5 to move forward synchronously. Until the tool changing groove 51 on the replaced tool 5 is inserted into the clamping rod 73 and abuts against the first abutment 731. Then the first abutment 731 pushes the replaced tool 5 away from the lifting frame 62, and the designated numbered tool 5 moves to the upper end of the lifting frame 62.

[0065] Then, the rotating shaft 61 rotates at a certain angle, and the designated numbered tool 5 rotates synchronously at the corresponding angle, so that the tool changing groove 51 separates from the clamping rod 73. At this time, the lifting seat 31 moves downward, and the lifting frame 62 will drive the designated numbered tool 5 to move downward relative to the tool rotating seat 33. The designated numbered tool 5 separates from the clamping rod 73, and finally the designated numbered tool 5 is inserted into the tool rotating seat 33 to complete the tool change.

[0066] Next, push rod 71 drives push-pull bracket 72 to move backward, and clamping rod 73 drives the replaced tool 5 to move backward synchronously until the replaced tool 5 is inserted into the empty slot 411, and the replaced tool is installed on turntable 41. Push-pull bracket 72 continues to move backward, and the first abutment 731 will contact guide rod 81 and move along guide rod 81. Finally, the two first abutments 731 abut against each other, returning to the initial state.

[0067] The tool swivel 33 is controlled to rotate, causing the support frame 331 to separate from the support rod 34. Under the action of the second spring, the drive frame 37 causes the rack 371 to separate from the drive gear 43. The push plate 35 moves into the tool swivel 33, thus completing one tool change operation.

Claims

1. A five-axis machining center, comprising a bed (26), a lifting seat (31) longitudinally slidably connected to the bed (26), a connecting rotary seat (32) rotatably connected to the front end of the lifting seat (31), and a tool rotary seat (33) rotatably connected to the connecting rotary seat (32); wherein the included angle between the rotation axis of the tool rotary seat (33) and the rotation axis of the connecting rotary seat (32) is 45°, characterized in that: A spindle (6) is rotatably connected to the tool swivel (33); a tool (5) is detachably connected to the spindle (6); a tool changing mechanism (4) is installed on the upper part of the bed (26); the tool changing mechanism (4) includes a rotating turntable (41) and a rotating drive gear (43) that is unidirectionally connected to the turntable (41); a plurality of spare tools (5) are evenly installed on the turntable (41) in the circumferential direction. The lifting seat (31) is slidably connected to a drive frame (37) that can drive the drive gear (43); the drive frame (37) is provided with a rack (371); when the connecting rotating seat (32) and the tool rotating seat (33) move to the point where the tool (5) is vertically upward, the rack (371) meshes with the drive gear (43); The connecting rotary seat (32) is slidably connected along the axial direction to a push rod (34) that can push the drive frame (37) to move; the tool rotary seat (33) is provided with a push frame (331) that can abut against the push rod (34) and thus drive the push rod (34) to move. A push plate (35) is slidably connected on the connecting rotary seat (32) between the abutment rod (34) and the lifting seat (31); a spring (36) is installed between the end of the abutment rod (34) near the connecting rotary seat (32) and the push plate (35). A turntable gear (412) is coaxially arranged at the lower end of the turntable (41); an end face gear (42) that meshes with the turntable gear (412) is rotatably connected to the bed (26); the end face gear (42) is coaxially arranged with the drive gear (43), and a ratchet mechanism is installed between the end face gear (42) and the drive gear (43); The spindle (6) includes a rotating shaft (61) rotatably connected in the tool swivel (33) and a lifting frame (62) circumferentially connected to the rotating shaft (61) and rotating synchronously with the rotating shaft (61) along the axial direction; the tool (5) is provided with a tool slot (52) that can abut against the end face of the lifting frame (62). The tool swivel (33) is slidably connected to a connecting frame (63) for moving the lifting frame (62); the tool swivel (33) is equipped with a synchronous belt (64) axially distributed along the rotation axis (61); the connecting frame (63) is fixedly connected to one side of the surface of the synchronous belt (64); a pressure rod (641) extending to the outside of the tool swivel (33) is provided on the other side of the surface of the synchronous belt (64); a lower pressure frame (25) is installed on the upper part of the bed (26) to prevent the pressure rod (641) from moving; the movement direction of the pressure rod (641) is opposite to that of the connecting frame (63).

2. A five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the cutting tool (5) is provided with a positioning magnet (53); the rotating shaft (61) is provided with an electromagnet that can be attracted to the positioning magnet (53).

3. A five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the cutting tool (5) is provided with a tool changing groove (51); a push-pull frame (72) is slidably connected above the turntable (41) along the radius of the turntable (41) on the bed (26); two symmetrically arranged clamping rods (73) that can engage with the tool changing groove (51) are rotatably connected on the push-pull frame (72).

4. A five-axis machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping rod (73) has a first abutment (731) on the side of the shaft of the clamping rod (73) near the center of the turntable (41); the clamping rod (73) has a second abutment (732) on the side of the shaft of the clamping rod (73) away from the center of the turntable (41). Both the first abutment (731) and the second abutment (732) can abut against the outer wall of the cutter (5) and thus push the cutter (5) to move.

5. A five-axis machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that: A positioning frame (8) is fixedly connected to the bed (26); a push rod (71) for driving the push-pull frame (72) to move is fixedly connected to the positioning frame (8); two inclined and symmetrically arranged guide rods (81) are provided at the upper end of the positioning frame (8); the guide rods (81) can contact the first abutment (731), thereby making the two first abutments (731) approach each other.

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