A constant resistance yielding energy absorption device and its application

Abstract

This invention relates to a constant-resistance yielding energy absorption device and its application. The device includes a yielding tube, which is a straight circular steel tube with a uniform wall thickness in its middle section. The outer wall surface of this section has regular grooves perpendicular to the tube's central axis. The inner cavity at the head end of the yielding tube is larger than that of the middle section, forming a gradual transition surface. A plug is provided at the tail end of the yielding tube. A rod, longer than the yielding tube, is inserted inside the yielding tube. A pressing head, with a plowshare at its front end, engages with the inner cavity of the middle section of the yielding tube and can slide along the inner cavity of the yielding tube from the head end to the tail end under sufficient load. When the head end of the yielding tube is fixed and the load on the rod exceeds the yield threshold, the rod can drive the pressing head to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section of the yielding tube towards the tail end, achieving constant-resistance tensile energy absorption. This device achieves high strength, high yield point, and long elongation, improving structural safety and toughness through yielding energy absorption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of structural safety technology, such as civil engineering and underground engineering support, and specifically to a constant resistance yielding energy absorption device and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of civil engineering and underground engineering, structures often face a variety of complex loads, such as seismic forces from earthquakes, impact loads, and high ground pressure in rock and soil strata. As commonly used engineering materials, the mechanical properties of metallic materials are crucial to structural safety. Taking hot-rolled Q345 alloy steel as an example, under tensile force, it undergoes elastic deformation, yielding, strengthening, and necking fracture stages. In the elastic stage, stress and strain have a linear relationship, and deformation can be recovered; in the yielding stage, stress remains essentially unchanged, but strain continues to increase; in the strengthening stage, material strength increases due to work hardening; in the necking fracture stage, the specimen locally necks until fracture. High-strength steels, such as prestressed steel strands with a common tensile strength grade of 1860 MPa, typically have a yield strength of around 80% of their tensile strength, an elongation generally not less than 3.5%, and no obvious yield plateau, requiring measurement using the specified non-proportional elongation strength R_{p0.2}. From an engineering application perspective, to ensure safety, materials with low yield strength, high elongation, and good ductility and toughness are generally preferred. However, in some engineering scenarios, materials need to have both high strength and long elongation. However, materials that meet both conditions at the same time, such as titanium alloys, are expensive, which to some extent limits the economic efficiency and wide application of engineering projects.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that can achieve both high strength and stable, controllable elongation at a lower cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in the prior art by providing a constant resistance yield energy absorption device. Through a combination of materials and structure, and utilizing a uniquely designed constant resistance yield energy absorption device, it achieves high strength, high yield point, and long elongation, thereby improving structural safety and toughness while reducing costs.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a constant resistance yielding energy absorption device comprising: The yielding tube is a straight circular steel tube with a uniform wall thickness in the middle section. The outer wall surface of this section has regular grooves perpendicular to the central axis of the tube. The inner cavity of the head end of the yielding tube is larger than that of the middle section and forms a gradual surface to fit the inner cavity of the middle section. The tail end of the yielding tube is equipped with a plug. The rod inserted inside the yield tube has a length greater than the length of the yield tube. The extrusion head has a plow head at the front end, which fits into the inner cavity of the middle section of the yield tube and can slide from the head end to the tail end along the inner cavity of the yield tube under sufficient load. When the head end of the yield tube is fixed and the load on the rod exceeds the yield threshold, the rod can drive the extrusion head to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section of the yield tube toward the tail end, thereby achieving constant resistance tensile energy absorption.

[0006] Furthermore, the regular scribing pattern includes scribing interval, scribing width, and scribing depth. The scribing interval is 5% to 60% of the outer diameter of the yield tube, the scribing period is 6% to 90% of the outer diameter ratio of the yield tube, and the scribing period is 50% to 500% of the wall thickness of the yield tube. The scribing period is the sum of the scribing interval and the scribing width.

[0007] Furthermore, the middle section length of the yield tube ranges from 0.05 to 2.0 meters, and the constant resistance yield elongation ranges from 0.05 to 2.0 meters.

[0008] A bidirectional tensile constant resistance yielding device includes two constant resistance yielding energy absorption devices as described above, which are combined in opposite directions with the head end of the yielding tube as the longitudinal axis and connected into a component by a connector. When the two rods are subjected to sufficient load in opposite directions, they drive the extrusion head to slide along the middle section of the inner cavity of their respective yielding tubes to the tail end, thereby realizing bidirectional constant resistance energy absorption.

[0009] A counter-pressure type constant resistance yielding device includes a constant resistance yielding energy absorbing device, a single yielding tube, a single extrusion head, and two reaction force members. The rod of the constant resistance yielding energy absorbing device is located between the two yielding tubes. The two yielding tubes are symmetrically arranged, and each of the two yielding tubes has an extrusion head and a reaction force member fixed at its head end. The extrusion head is located at both ends of the rod in the length direction. When the head end of the yield tube is fixed and subjected to external pressure loads in opposite directions, the pressure loads are simultaneously applied to the extrusion heads at both ends. When the load exceeds the yield threshold, the rod moves bidirectionally along the inner cavity of the yield tube toward the tail end, achieving constant resistance energy absorption.

[0010] A constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor bolt includes the aforementioned constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing device, an anchor head support plate, and a reaction member. The rod body of the constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing device serves as the anchor bolt body, with one end connected to the yielding tube and the other end anchored in the anchor bolt hole of the soil layer. The reaction member is integrally or detachably connected to the head end of the yielding tube and cooperates with the anchor head support plate to bear the ground stress load.

[0011] Furthermore, the anchor bolt body is made of high-strength steel strand, and the extrusion head is fixed with a clamp anchor, or the anchor bolt body is a rigid rod body, and the extrusion head is fixed with a nut.

[0012] A multi-point constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor bolt includes a set of the aforementioned constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing devices at both the anchor head end and the anchor tail end, one or more sets of bidirectional tension-type constant resistance yielding devices in the middle, and a support pad and reaction member at the anchor head. The anchor bolt body is a non-bonded rod body that replaces the rod body of the constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing device and the rod body of the bidirectional tension-type constant resistance yielding device. It can elongate and slide after being loaded in the anchor bolt hole. The yielding tube is bonded and fixed to the anchor bolt hole to form an anchor point. When the anchor bolt is subjected to ground load, it receives the load in sections and absorbs ground energy. Each set of bidirectional tensile constant resistance yielding devices includes two of the above-mentioned constant resistance yielding energy absorption devices, which are combined in opposite directions with the head end of the yielding tube as the longitudinal axis and connected into a component by a connector. When the two rods are subjected to sufficient load in opposite directions, they drive the extrusion head to slide along the middle section of the inner cavity of their respective yielding tubes to the tail end, thereby realizing bidirectional constant resistance energy absorption.

[0013] A constant-resistance yield steel arch includes multiple annular steel pipes and multiple sets of opposing pressure constant-resistance yielding devices as described above. The annular steel pipes are connected by opposing pressure constant-resistance yielding devices and connecting auxiliary pipes. The left and right yielding pipes of each set of opposing pressure constant-resistance yielding devices are respectively installed in the inner cavity of the ends of the two annular steel pipes and are fixed to the ends of the annular steel pipes through reaction members to transmit force. The auxiliary pipe is sleeved on the outside of the connecting part of the annular steel pipe and covers the gap between the connecting parts of the ends of the annular steel pipes. One end is fixed to the outer wall of the annular steel pipe, and the other end can slide along its outer wall.

[0014] A bridge pier anti-ship collision pontoon includes an inner ring and an outer ring of the pontoon that match the cross-sectional shape of the bridge pier, as well as multiple sets of the above-mentioned opposing pressure type constant resistance yielding devices, forming a closed structure that can float up and down with changes in water level. The opposing pressure type constant resistance yielding devices are radially arranged inside the pontoon and are fixed in conjunction with the inner ring and the outer ring.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Improved structural safety and stability Constant resistance yield energy absorption characteristic: This invention achieves constant resistance yield energy absorption function through a unique structural design. When facing dynamic loads such as seismic force, impact force, and high ground pressure, the device can continuously provide constant force and deformation, effectively absorbing energy, preventing damage to the structure or equipment, and significantly improving the safety and stability of the structure.

[0016] High strength and high ductility combined: Through the structural design of the components, high strength (high tensile force) and long elongation are achieved. This combination is difficult to achieve in existing technologies, especially since high-strength steels typically do not have a significant yield plateau. This invention provides an effective solution that meets the dual requirements of high strength and long elongation in engineering applications.

[0017] 2. Enhanced engineering adaptability Multiple Engineering Applications: The device of this invention is applicable to various engineering fields, including rock and soil anchor support, underground engineering chamber support, and impact protection. Through different implementation methods (such as single-unit tension type, double-unit anti-tension type, and double-unit anti-compression type), it can flexibly meet various engineering needs and has wide applicability.

[0018] Solving the problem of high ground stress: In underground engineering, rock bursts or large deformations due to high ground stress are common problems. The constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor and steel arch frame of this invention can effectively absorb ground energy, solve the engineering problems caused by high ground stress, and ensure the smooth progress of underground engineering.

[0019] 3. Economy and cost control Reduced material costs: This invention achieves a combination of high strength and long elongation through structural design, avoiding the use of expensive special materials (such as titanium alloys). While ensuring performance, it reduces material costs, resulting in significant economic advantages.

[0020] Construction convenience: The device has a simple structural design, making installation and maintenance convenient. For example, the anchor body uses high-strength steel strand, and the head-fixing compression head uses a wedge anchor, which is easy to operate during construction, reducing construction time and labor costs.

[0021] 4. Enhanced energy absorption and dissipation capabilities High-efficiency energy absorption: When the force exceeds the yield threshold, the device drives the extrusion head to slide within the yield tube via a rod, achieving constant resistance tensile energy absorption. This energy absorption method can efficiently convert dynamic load energy into deformation energy, reducing the impact on the structure and protecting its integrity.

[0022] Stable energy absorption performance: Experimental studies show that the device of this invention has stable constant resistance yield characteristics. The yield force value fluctuates little, and the energy absorption effect is stable and reliable, effectively coping with complex engineering load conditions.

[0023] 5. Maintenance and Service Life Reduced structural damage: By absorbing and dissipating energy, the device can reduce structural damage under dynamic loads and extend the structural service life. In terms of seismic and impact resistance, it can effectively reduce the frequency of structural repair and replacement, thus lowering long-term maintenance costs.

[0024] Predictable performance: The constant resistance yield characteristics of the device are predictable. By adjusting the design parameters (such as the notch interval, notch width, notch depth, etc.), the constant resistance yield force and elongation can be preset, providing a reliable basis for engineering design. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1Elevation diagram of the constant resistance yielding energy absorption device according to an embodiment of the present invention (single-unit tensile type). Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the corrugated surface at position A; Figure 4 A schematic elevation view of the second embodiment of the present invention (double-pull type); Figure 5 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view; Figure 6 Elevation view of the third embodiment of the present invention (double-group pressing type); Figure 7 for Figure 6 Cross-sectional view; Figure 8 Application example of the present invention: Structural schematic diagram of a constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Elevation section view; Figure 10 Application example of the present invention: Schematic diagram of a multi-point constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor; Figure 11 Application embodiment of the present invention: Elevation diagram of a multi-point constant resistance yielding steel arch frame for an underground excavation chamber; Figure 12 for Figure 11 A schematic cross-sectional view of the connection part B; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A partial cross-sectional view of the CC position; Figure 14 for Figure 11 Another connection scheme; Figure 15 Application embodiment of the present invention: Schematic diagram of a bridge pier anti-ship collision buoy; Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the force-deformation curves of the present invention and conventional technology; Figure 17 Force-deformation curve of specimen #1 of the present invention; Figure 18 Force-deformation curve of specimen #2 of the present invention; Figure 19 Force-deformation curve of specimen #3 of the present invention as a verification test.

[0026] In the diagram, 100 is a constant resistance yielding energy absorption device; 1 is a yield tube; 11 is the head end; 12 is the tail end; 13 is the middle section; 14 is the plug; 2 is the rod; 3 is the extrusion head; 31 is the plow head; 4 is the support pad; 9 is the pontoon; 50 is the arrow; 70 is the pier; 80 is the inner ring; 90 is the outer ring; 101 is the notch interval; 102 is the notch width; 103 is the notch width; 200 is a bidirectional tensile constant resistance yielding device; 120 is the reaction component; 130 is the connector; 300 is a counter-pressure constant resistance yielding device; 400 is a unidirectional pressure constant resistance yielding energy absorption device; 500 is a ring steel pipe; 501 is an auxiliary pipe; 600 is a soil layer; 601 is an anchor bolt hole; 700 is the surrounding rock; 701 is the radial load. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0029] Example 1 like Figure 1-2 As shown, a constant resistance yielding energy absorption device 100 consists of a yielding tube 1, a rod 2, and a pressing head 3. The pressing head 3 is fixed to one end of the rod 2, which enters the tube cavity from the head end 11 of the yielding tube and extends to the distal end from its tail end 12.

[0030] The yield tube 1 is a straight circular steel pipe, with section 13 having a uniform wall thickness. The outer wall surface of this section has regular grooves perpendicular to the pipe's central axis. Figure 3 As shown; the inner cavity of the head end 11 is slightly larger than the inner cavity of the middle section 13 and forms a gradual surface fit with the inner cavity of the middle section 13 (such as a conical surface, a spherical surface, etc.); the tail end 12 has a plug 14 to prevent the extrusion head 3 from sliding out. The length of the middle section 13 is between 0.05 and 2.0 meters, and the constant resistance yield elongation is between 0.05 and 2 meters.

[0031] The rod 2 is a straight long rod, including a solid rod, a hollow rod and a flexible cable, and its length must be at least a certain margin longer than the length of the yield tube 1.

[0032] The extrusion head 3 is cylindrical, with a plow head 31 at the front end that fits into the inner cavity of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1. Under sufficient load, it can slide along the inner cavity of the yield tube 1 from the head end 11 to the tail end 12.

[0033] The hardness of the plow head 31 of the extrusion head 3 is greater than that of the yield tube 1.

[0034] There are several technical solutions for the cooperation between the pole body 2 and the extrusion head 3, which are all conventional technologies. For rigid pole bodies, an integrated anchor head and nut can be used for fixation; for flexible cable pole bodies such as prestressed steel strands, clamp anchors can be used for fixation. The preferred materials for the pole body 2 and the extrusion head 3 are high-performance alloy steel.

[0035] The working principle of the device is that when the head end 11 of the yield tube 1 is fixed by the reaction member 120, the rod 2 moves as follows: Figure 2 When the load exceeds the yield threshold in the direction of arrow 50, the rod 2 drives the extrusion head 3 to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 towards its tail end 12, and the rod 2 extends outward to form a constant resistance tensile force energy absorption function.

[0036] like Figure 3 The diagram shows regular grooves on the outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1, including groove spacing 101, groove width 102, and groove depth 103. The grooves in the middle section 13 are evenly and periodically arranged, with one groove cycle being the sum of the groove spacing and groove width. Preferably, the regular grooves are of equal periodicity, and the groove width and groove depth are each of equal value, set according to actual needs, such as 5% to 20% of the wall thickness of the yield tube 1, which is not limited here. The groove spacing 101 is 5% to 60% of the outer diameter of the yield tube 1, the groove cycle is 6% to 90% of the outer diameter of the yield tube 1, and the groove period is 50% to 500% of the wall thickness of the yield tube 1.

[0037] like Figure 16As shown, curve C is the tensile-elongation curve of hot-rolled alloy steel (such as Q420), where 0-C1 is the elastic stage, C1 is the yield point, C1-C2 is the strengthening stage, C2-C3 is the necking and fracture stage, and C3 is the material fracture point. Curve B is a typical tensile-elongation curve of high-strength steel, where b1 is the nominal yield point, i.e., R_{p0.2}, 0~b1 is the elastic segment, and b1~b3 is the yield strengthening and fracture stage. Curve A represents the ideal force-deformation curve of a constant-resistance yield energy absorption device 100 according to this application. The combination of mechanical properties and structural techniques of two existing steel materials can produce characteristics of high yield point and long elongation: 0-a1 is the first elastic stage; point a1 is the set yield point; a1~a1-2 is a corrugated, near-horizontal elongation segment, called the constant-resistance yield stroke length Lcr, and the force value of the constant-resistance yield segment is called the constant-resistance yield force value Fcr; a1-2~a2 is the second elastic stage; a2-a3 is the strengthening and plastic fracture segment. The mechanical properties of the corrugated, near-horizontal elongation segment a1~a1-2 are formed by the structural action of the material components, while the remaining properties are formed by the mechanical properties of the material itself.

[0038] The stability of the constant resistance yield force in this invention is significantly related to the scoring pattern on the outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1, and experimental research was conducted to address this. For example... Figure 1 The apparatus shown has a yield tube 1 made of steel pipe with an outer diameter of 64 mm, a wall thickness of 8 mm, a middle section of 200 mm, and a total length of 300 mm. The rod 2 is made of steel pipe with an outer diameter of 32 mm and a wall thickness of 6 mm. The extrusion head 3 is a cylindrical plowshare fixed to the rod by threads. The groove intervals on the outer wall of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 in the three specimens are 6 mm, 12 mm, and 30 mm, respectively, and the same groove width of 2.5 mm and depth of 1.0 mm are used. The specimen specifications are shown in Table 1. The specimens were tested on a horizontal tensile testing machine. The tensile force-deformation curves of the three specimens are shown below. Figures 17-19 As shown, the specific data are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0039] Table 1 Specifications of specimens for constant resistance yielding device

[0040] like Figures 17-19 The figures show the force-deformation curves for specimens #1 to #3. The yield section length, yield force amplitude, wavelength, and average value are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Summary of Comparison of Experimental Indicators

[0042] The experimental comparison shows that: 1. The average length of the constant resistance yield section is 171.6 mm, which is close to the 200 mm length of the scored middle section of the yield tube. This means the yield elongation can be expressed using the middle section length. Theoretically, this technique can achieve a wide range of yield elongations, such as 2.0 meters or longer. Preferably, the constant resistance yield elongation is in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 meters.

[0043] 2. The scoring in the middle section of the yield tube of each specimen allows the yield force to fluctuate smoothly and almost horizontally. The yield force value of each specimen from the yield start point to the end point shows a periodic change with consistent peaks and troughs, and its average yield force value is basically consistent. This is an important constant resistance yielding feature of the present invention.

[0044] 3. When the notch spacing and notch width are both 6 mm, the yield strength (Fcr) fluctuation is the smallest at 5.5%. In contrast, the other two specimens with notch spacings of 12 mm and 30 mm have yield strength (Fcr) fluctuations of 28% and 30% respectively, showing relatively large fluctuations. Using a smaller notch spacing results in less yield strength fluctuation. Furthermore, at the same notch width and depth, the effect on the yield strength is minimal; the three specimens average 184.6 kN with an average fluctuation rate of less than 2.6%.

[0045] 4. The constant resistance yield force value Fcr can be preset as needed. A larger preset constant resistance yield force value results in better energy absorption, but it cannot exceed the maximum yield strength of the rod material, typically 0.5~0.8 times the yield point of the rod. For example, a standard Q420 steel pipe with an outer diameter of 32mm and a wall thickness of 8mm has a yield strength of 253KN, meaning the constant resistance yield force Fcr = 126~202KN. The preset constant resistance yield force of this specimen is within the acceptable range.

[0046] 5. The device of this invention has the characteristic of converting its own energy absorption into work done through constant resistance yielding sliding under external force: When the device is subjected to force in the direction of the external load arrow 50 on the rod 2 and the reaction member 120 of the extrusion tube, and when the control reaction member 120 is fixed, the rod 2 drives the constant resistance sliding work W done in the yielding tube of the extrusion head 3, which is approximately Wcr ≈ Fcr * Lcr. That is, the energy absorption value of the device is Ecr = Wcr. The experimental values ​​are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Example 2 Based on the same concept, this embodiment provides a bidirectional tensile constant resistance yielding device 200, such as... Figure 4-5As shown, the assembly consists of two opposing constant-resistance yielding energy absorption devices 100, one on each side. Each side comprises a yielding tube 1 and a rod 2 with a compression head 3, connected by a connector 130 with the end 11 of the yielding tube 1 as the longitudinal axis. The two opposing yielding tubes 1 and the two rods 2 with compression heads 3 are respectively installed on their respective mating yielding tubes 1, with the other end extending to the distal end. The outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yielding tube has regular grooves, including groove spacing 101, groove width 102, and groove depth 103, with the grooves evenly and periodically arranged in the middle section. The tail end 12 of the yielding tube is provided with a plug 14. The connector 130 can be used for internal or external connection.

[0048] Its working principle is as follows: the two rods 2 on the left and right are stretched in opposite directions as shown by the two arrows 50; when the load exceeds the yield threshold, the rods slide towards their tail ends 2 through the extrusion head 3 in the inner cavity of the middle section 13 of their respective yield tubes 1, so that the two rods 2 slide and elongate in opposite directions, thereby achieving the function of constant resistance energy absorption.

[0049] In Example 2, the constant resistance slip is determined by the lengths of the yield tubes on both sides and is the sum of the slip amounts on both sides. The lengths of the yield tubes 1 on both sides and the slip amounts can vary depending on the actual usage conditions. Preferably, the component dimensions and mechanical performance indicators on both sides should be consistent.

[0050] Example 3 Based on the same concept, this embodiment provides a counter-pressure type constant resistance yielding device 300, such as... Figure 6-7 As shown. It includes two yield tubes 1 on the left and right sides, a rod 2 in the middle, each with a pressing head 3 that engages with the ends 11 of the yield tubes on both sides. Two reaction members 120 are fixedly engaged on the outside of their respective yield tube ends 11. The outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 has regular grooves, including groove spacing 101, groove width 102, and groove depth 103, with the grooves in the middle section 13 arranged in a uniform periodic pattern. The tail end 12 of the yield tube 1 is provided with a plug 14. The outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 has regular grooves, including groove spacing 101, groove width 102, and groove depth 103, with the grooves in the middle section 13 arranged in a uniform periodic pattern. The tail end 12 of the yield tube 1 is provided with a plug 14.

[0051] Its working principle is as follows: When the head 11 of the yield tube bears the external load through the reaction member 120 and remains fixed, the two ends of the compression head 3 drive the two ends of the rod 2 to bear the pressure load in the opposite direction of their respective arrows 50; when the load exceeds the yield threshold, the rod 2 is driven to slide in both directions along the inner cavity of the yield tube 1 toward its tail end 12, and the rod 2 slides into its respective yield tube and becomes shorter, thus realizing the function of constant resistance energy absorption.

[0052] In Example 3, the constant resistance slip is determined by the lengths of the yield tubes 1 and the rod 2 on both sides, and is the sum of the slip on both sides or the Lcr length of the rod 2. Preferably, the component dimensions and mechanical performance indicators on both sides should be consistent.

[0053] Example 4 Based on the same concept, this implementation provides an application method for rock and soil anchor support, which can utilize the constant resistance yield energy absorption characteristics to solve the problems of high ground stress rockburst or large compression deformation in underground or slope engineering support.

[0054] like Figure 8-9 The diagram shows an embodiment of a constant-resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor bolt installed in a soil layer 600 (the full length of the anchor bolt is not shown, only a portion near the head). The anchor bolt includes a yielding tube 1, an anchor body 2, a tension-type constant-resistance yielding device 100 with a compression head 3, an anchor head support plate 4, and a reaction member 120. The anchor body 2 is a slender rod, one end of which is connected to the relief sleeve 1 at its anchor head, and the other end extends into the stratum and is installed and anchored in the anchor bolt hole 601 of the soil layer 600. The tail of the yielding tube 1 has a plug 14.

[0055] The reaction member 120 can be an enlarged pier or nut integrated with the head end of the yield tube 1, and cooperates with the support plate 4 and the anchor body to bear the in-situ stress load from the soil layer 600, including creep and impact loads. Typically, depending on the engineering support conditions of the strata, the length of the rod 2 is between 2.0 and 20 m. The anchoring method in the hole can be grouting or mechanical or chemical anchoring at the bottom of the anchor end, which is existing technology.

[0056] The preferred option for rod 2 is high-strength steel strand, with the compression head 3 fixed at the head using a clamp anchor. Alternatively, when rod 2 is made of a rigid rod such as a solid steel bar or a hollow tube, the compression head is fixed with a nut.

[0057] Its working principle is as follows: When the anchor rod bears a load in the stratum and exceeds the yield threshold, the load is borne by the tension of the anchor rod body 2 and the reaction force member 120 bears the stratum pressure from the pad plate 4, which in turn causes the anchor rod body to drive the extrusion head to slide towards the depth of the anchor rod hole; in contrast, since the anchor rod body 2 is anchored in the hole, this sliding is actually the stratum creeping towards the excavation face and the anchor rod absorbing the energy of the stratum.

[0058] Example 5 Based on the same concept, this implementation provides another application method in rock and soil anchor support: like Figure 10As shown, a multi-point constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor bolt includes a set of unidirectional tensile constant resistance yielding devices 100 at both the anchor head and anchor tail ends, multiple sets of bidirectional tensile constant resistance yielding devices 200 in the middle, a support plate 4 at the anchor head, and a reaction member 120. The rock and soil anchor bolt is installed in the anchor bolt hole 601 in the stratum 600 and bonded with anchoring agent along its entire length.

[0059] The anchor bolt consists of multiple sections of constant resistance yield tubes and the anchor bolt body, which are fitted together by the extrusion head 3. The anchor bolt body 2 is a non-bonded rod body that can elongate and slide under load in the anchor bolt hole; the constant resistance yield tubes are bonded to the anchor bolt hole 601 to form an anchor point.

[0060] Its working principle is as follows: When the anchor rod is subjected to ground load, it can absorb the ground energy by undergoing tensile deformation when receiving the load in sections. When a high ground stress load occurs, the yield tube at the anchor point is loaded beyond the yield threshold, and the anchor rod body drives the extrusion head to produce constant resistance sliding, absorbing the energy of the ground.

[0061] Example 6 Based on the same concept, this implementation provides an application method for steel arch support in underground engineering chambers: it can utilize the constant resistance yield energy absorption characteristics and work in conjunction with the characteristics of constant resistance yield anchors to solve the problems of high ground stress rockburst or large compression deformation in underground engineering chamber support.

[0062] like Figure 11 The image shows a schematic elevation view of a constant-resistance yielding steel arch frame installed in the surrounding rock layer 600 of an underground excavation chamber. A constant-resistance yielding steel arch frame comprises an arch-shaped compression member assembled from multiple sections of annular steel pipes 500 and multiple sets of opposing pressure-type constant-resistance yielding devices 300, adaptable to the excavation cross-section of the underground chamber. Figure 12-13 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the connection point. The connection point between the annular steel pipes 500 includes a constant resistance yielding device 300 and a connecting auxiliary pipe 501. The constant resistance yielding device 300 includes a counter-pressure rod 2 with compression heads 3 at both ends, which engages with the inner cavities of two yielding tubes 1. The two yielding tubes 1 are respectively installed in the inner cavities of the ends of the two annular steel pipes 500, and transmit force through their respective reaction force members 120 fixed to the ends of their respective annular steel pipes 500. The auxiliary pipe 501 is sleeved on the outside of the connection point of the annular steel pipes 500, covering a gap beyond the connection point between the ends of the annular steel pipes 500 (i.e., the constant resistance sliding distance Lcr of the counter-pressure rod 2). One end of the auxiliary pipe 501 is fixed 502 to the outer wall of the annular steel pipe 500, and the other end can slide along its outer wall.

[0063] As an alternative, in this application implementation scheme, the connection points between the annular steel pipes 500 can be equipped with multiple sets of unidirectional pressure-type constant resistance yield energy absorption devices 400 and connecting auxiliary pipes 501, such as... Figure 14As shown. The unidirectional pressure-type constant resistance yielding device 400 includes a yielding tube 1, two reaction members 120, and a counter-pressure rod 2. The yielding tube 1 is installed inside the cavity of the right-side annular steel pipe 500 and transmits force through the reaction member 120 and its end. One end of the rod 2 has a compression head 3 that engages with the cavity of the yielding tube 1, and the other end engages with the end of the left-side annular steel pipe 500 through the reaction member 120 to transmit force. An auxiliary tube 501 is fitted over the outside of the connection part of the annular steel pipe 500 and covers a gap beyond the connection part of the annular steel pipe 500 (i.e., the constant resistance sliding distance Lcr of the counter-pressure rod 2). One end of the auxiliary tube 501 is fixed 502 to the outer wall of the annular steel pipe 500, and the other end can slide along its outer wall.

[0064] Among them, the unidirectional pressure type constant resistance yielding energy absorption device 400 is the opposite pressure type constant resistance yielding device 300 of Example 3 with one yielding tube 1 removed.

[0065] Its working principle is as follows: When the steel arch frame bears the radial load 701 from the surrounding rock 700, such as the pressure load in the direction of the arrow, the steel arch frame converts it into the axial pressure of the annular steel pipe in the direction of the arrow 50, and transmits the force to the extrusion head 3 through the force member 120 at the end of the steel pipe, forming a force in the opposite direction. When the load reaches the set threshold, it slides into the yield tube and absorbs the energy released by the surrounding rock.

[0066] Example 7 Based on the same concept, this embodiment provides the application of the invention in impact protection engineering, such as... Figure 9 As shown, a bridge pier anti-ship collision pontoon 9 includes an inner ring 80 and an outer ring 90 with matching cross-sectional shapes around the bridge pier 70, as well as multiple sets of pressure-type constant resistance yielding devices 300, forming a sealed structure that can float up and down with changes in water level. Opposing pressure-type constant resistance yielding devices 300, unidirectional pressure-type constant resistance yielding devices 400, or a combination of both, or multiple sets of opposing pressure-type constant resistance yielding devices 300, are radially arranged inside the pontoon 9 and fixed in conjunction with the inner ring 80 and outer ring 90. Its working principle is that when a ship impacts the bridge pier, the corresponding opposing pressure-type constant resistance yielding device 300 at the impact point of the pontoon 9 yields and deforms under the impact force, absorbing the impact energy and protecting the bridge pier.

[0067] The parts of this invention not described in detail are prior art, therefore they are not described in detail here.

[0068] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0069] Although this document uses a considerable amount of technical terminology, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the essence of the invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of the invention.

[0070] This invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Anyone can derive other products in various forms under the guidance of this invention. However, regardless of any changes made to their shape or structure, any technical solution that is the same as or similar to this invention falls within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A constant resistance yielding energy absorption device, characterized in that, include: The yield tube (1) is a straight circular steel pipe. The middle section (13) has a uniform wall thickness. The outer wall surface of this section has regular grooves perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe. The inner cavity of the head end (11) of the yield tube (1) is larger than the inner cavity of the middle section (13) and forms a gradual surface fit with the inner cavity of the middle section (13). The tail end (12) of the yield tube (1) is provided with a plug (14). The rod (2) inserted inside the yield tube (1) has a length greater than that of the yield tube (1); The extrusion head (3) has a plow head (31) at the front end with a hardness greater than that of the yield tube (1), which cooperates with the inner cavity of the middle section (13) of the yield tube (1) and can slide from the head end (11) to the tail end (12) along the inner cavity of the yield tube (1) under sufficient load. When the head end of the yield tube (1) is fixed and the load borne by the rod (2) exceeds the yield threshold, the rod (2) can drive the extrusion head (3) to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section (13) of the yield tube toward the tail end (12) to achieve constant resistance tensile energy absorption. The regular scribing pattern includes scribing interval (101), scribing width (102), and scribing depth (103). The scribing interval (101) is 5% to 60% of the outer diameter of the yield tube (1), the scribing period is 6% to 90% of the outer diameter of the yield tube (1), and the scribing period is 50% to 500% of the wall thickness of the yield tube (1). The scribing period is the sum of the scribing interval (101) and the scribing width (103).

2. The constant resistance yielding energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the middle section (13) of the yield tube (1) ranges from 0.05 to 2.0 meters, and the constant resistance yield elongation ranges from 0.05 to 2.0 meters.

3. A bidirectional tensile constant resistance yielding device, characterized in that, It includes two constant resistance yielding energy absorption devices as described in any one of claims 1-2, which are combined in opposite directions with the head end (11) of the yielding tube (1) as the longitudinal axis and connected into a component by a connector. When the two rods (2) are subjected to sufficient load in opposite directions, they drive the extrusion head (3) to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section (13) of their respective yielding tubes (1) toward the tail end (12) to achieve bidirectional constant resistance energy absorption.

4. A counter-pressure type constant resistance yielding device, characterized in that, It includes a constant resistance yield energy absorption device as described in any one of claims 1-2, a single yield tube (1), a single extrusion head (3), and two reaction members (120). The rod body (2) of the constant resistance yield energy absorption device is located between two yield tubes (1). The two yield tubes (1) are symmetrically arranged, and each of the two yield tubes (1) has an extrusion head (3) and a reaction member (120) fixed at its head end (11). The extrusion head (3) is located at both ends of the rod body (2) in the length direction. When the head end (11) of the yield tube (1) of the constant resistance yield energy absorption device as described in any one of claims 1-2 is fixed and the two yield tubes (1) are subjected to external pressure loads respectively, the pressure loads are simultaneously subjected to pressure through the extrusion heads (3) at both ends. When the load exceeds the yield threshold, the rod (2) slides bidirectionally along the inner cavity of the yield tube (1) toward the tail end (12) to achieve constant resistance energy absorption.

5. A constant-resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor bolt, characterized in that, Includes the constant resistance yielding energy absorption device, anchor head support plate (4) and reaction element (120) as described in any one of claims 1-2. The rod body (2) of the constant resistance yielding energy absorption device serves as the anchor body, with one end connected to the yield tube (1) and the other end anchored in the anchor hole (601) of the soil layer (600). The reaction element (120) is integrally or detachably connected to the head end (11) of the yield tube (1) and cooperates with the anchor head support plate (4) to bear the ground stress load.

6. The constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anchor rod body is a high-strength steel strand, and the extrusion head (3) is fixed with a clamp anchor, or the anchor rod body (2) is a rigid rod body, and the extrusion head (3) is fixed with a nut.

7. A multi-point constant resistance yielding energy-absorbing anchor bolt, characterized in that, It includes a set of constant resistance yielding energy absorption devices as described in any one of claims 1-2 at both the anchor head end and the anchor tail end, a set or more sets of bidirectional tension constant resistance yielding devices (200) in the middle, and a support pad (4) and a reaction member (120) at the anchor head. The anchor rod body is a non-bonded rod body and replaces the rod body (2) of the constant resistance yielding energy absorption device and the rod body (2) of the bidirectional tension constant resistance yielding device (200). It can elongate and slide after being loaded in the anchor rod hole (601). The yielding tube (1) is bonded and fixed to the anchor rod hole (601) to form an anchor point. When the anchor rod is subjected to ground load, it receives the load in sections and absorbs ground energy. Each of the bidirectional tensile constant resistance yielding devices (200) includes two constant resistance yielding energy absorption devices as described in any one of claims 1-2, which are combined in opposite directions with the head end (11) of the yielding tube (1) as the longitudinal axis and connected into a component by a connector. When the two rods (2) are subjected to sufficient load in opposite directions, they drive the extrusion head (3) to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section (13) of their respective yielding tubes (1) toward the tail end (12) to achieve bidirectional constant resistance energy absorption.

8. A constant-resistance yield steel arch frame, characterized in that, It includes multiple annular steel pipes (500) and multiple sets of opposing pressure constant resistance yielding devices as described in claim 4. The annular steel pipes (500) are connected by an opposing pressure constant resistance yielding device and a connecting auxiliary pipe (501). The left and right yielding pipes (1) of each set of opposing pressure constant resistance yielding devices are respectively installed in the end cavities of the two annular steel pipes (500) and are fixedly matched with the end of the annular steel pipe (500) through a reaction member (120) to transmit force. The auxiliary pipe (501) is sleeved on the outside of the connecting part of the annular steel pipe (500) and covers the gap between the connecting parts of the ends of the annular steel pipes (500). One end is fixed to the outer wall of a section of annular steel pipe (500), and the other end can slide along the outer wall of the adjacent annular steel pipe (500).

9. A bridge pier anti-ship collision pontoon, characterized in that, The structure includes an inner ring (80) and an outer ring (90) of a pontoon that match the cross-sectional shape of the bridge pier, as well as multiple sets of opposing pressure type constant resistance yielding devices as described in claim 4, forming a closed structure that can float up and down with changes in water level. The opposing pressure type constant resistance yielding devices are radially arranged inside the pontoon (9) and are fixed in conjunction with the inner ring (80) and the outer ring (90).

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