A fractional cooling rectification column

Abstract

This invention provides a staged cooling distillation column, comprising a column body, a feed inlet, a reboiling section, and a cooling section. The column body includes a top, a bottom, a thermostatic module, and a separation module. The thermostatic module and the separation module are disposed between the top and bottom. By setting up a modular column body, the column body can be freely assembled. Through the setting of the thermostatic module and the separation module, based on the principle of multi-stage cooling of the required separated materials, the thermostatic control and condensation treatment of the feed steam can be achieved. Only the external heat exchange cooling temperature needs to be controlled, and the temperature control of the external condensation pipeline can be easily achieved. Thus, multi-stage cooling distillation can be achieved based on the physical properties of the different boiling points of the mixed feed steam. Due to the modular design of the thermostatic module and the separation module, installation is convenient, and the column body can be freely assembled. Thus, the number of separation modules can be controlled and varied, thereby enabling multi-stage distillation of multiple materials in the same distillation column.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material distillation and separation equipment technology, specifically to a staged cooling distillation column. Background Technology

[0002] A staged cooling distillation column is a specialized distillation column design characterized by employing different cooling methods at different heights to optimize the distillation process and separation efficiency. This design typically includes multiple cooling zones, each employing a different cooling strategy to accommodate the separation requirements of different components. By utilizing the vapor pressure differences of the components in the mixture at different temperatures, staged cooling distillation columns achieve more efficient separation. Specifically, the upper part of the column may use a lower cooling temperature, while the lower part uses a higher cooling temperature. This allows for better control of the evaporation and condensation processes of each component, thereby improving separation efficiency and product purity.

[0003] The working principle of a staged cooling distillation column is based on the differences in boiling points of the components in a liquid mixture. By precisely controlling temperature and pressure, different components in the mixture are separated. The specific process includes material feeding, heating, condensation, staged cooling, and post-separation collection. It is widely used in the chemical, petroleum, and pharmaceutical industries. It features efficient separation of components in a mixture, increased concentration of target components, adjustability based on the characteristics of different mixtures, adaptability to various production needs and operational processes, and high controllability. The excellent technical effect lies in achieving precise control of the separation process by adjusting parameters such as temperature and pressure.

[0004] Due to market conditions, most existing staged cooling distillation columns are integrally formed, and the cooling sections of each stage are basically fixed to the column body. This limits the distillation of a single material to a fixed mode. If the cooling section is blocked, the external pipeline will naturally cool, causing backflow or affecting the cooling effect.

[0005] A patent application with application number CN202311841471.0 discloses a staged cooling distillation column, which includes a column body, a reboiler at the bottom of the column body, and a cooler at the top of the column body. The reboiler is equipped with a pipe for feeding the bottom liquid into the cooler; the pipe is equipped with a cooling device for cooling the bottom liquid. The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the bottom liquid is a heavy component. In actual operation, the bottom liquid needs to be extracted from the column body to obtain the heavy component. The temperature of the bottom liquid is the boiling point temperature of the heavy component. After the bottom liquid is extracted from the column body, it is cooled by the cooling device to a temperature between the boiling points of the heavy component and the light component. Subsequently, the bottom liquid is used as a cooling medium in the cooler.

[0006] While it addresses the technical issue of reducing excessive energy consumption for heating during the use of multi-stage cooling distillation columns, it still suffers from the technical problem that most existing staged cooling distillation columns can only perform fixed-mode distillation of a single material. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a staged cooling distillation column, comprising a column body, a feed inlet, a reboiling section, and a cooling section. The column body includes a top, a bottom, a thermostatic module, and a separation module. The thermostatic module and the separation module are disposed between the top and the bottom, and are sequentially connected to form a working unit of the distillation column. In actual use, different numbers of working units can be selected and assembled according to actual needs. The thermostatic module is equipped with a thermostatic device. The separation module includes at least one separation column. The separation column is provided with a condenser tube outside the column body. The condenser tube is connected to the inside of the separation column through a separation connecting pipe. An external refrigeration device is provided outside the condenser tube. Each condenser tube is connected to a discharge pipe.

[0008] By setting up a modular tower body, the tower body can be freely assembled. Through the setting of constant temperature module and separation module, based on the principle of multi-stage cooling of the required separated materials, the constant temperature control and condensation treatment of the raw material vapor can be achieved. The cooling device is located outside the tower body, which is convenient to install. Since it is set outside the tower body, it is easy to control the temperature of the external condensation pipeline by only controlling the external heat exchange cooling temperature. Thus, multi-stage cooling distillation can be achieved based on the physical properties of the different boiling points of the mixed raw material vapor. Due to the modular design of constant temperature module and separation module, the tower body can be freely assembled, so the number of separation modules can be controlled and varied, thus enabling multi-stage distillation of multiple materials in the same distillation tower.

[0009] Furthermore, the cooling section is connected to the top of the tower and includes a condensate storage tank, a pump body, and an atomizing device. The condensate storage tank is connected to the top of the tower body, the condensate storage tank is connected to the pump body through a condensate connection pipe, the pump body is connected to the atomizing device through a condensate connection pipe, and the atomizing device is disposed inside the tower body.

[0010] This design retains the top cooling technology in the basic working principle of the distillation column, while the addition of an atomizing device enables uniform distribution of the condensate and increases the efficiency of cooling the feed vapor during actual use. It can also work in conjunction with the separation plate in this invention to achieve multi-stage temperature control of the coolant, thereby optimizing the overall distillation efficiency and accuracy of the distillation column.

[0011] Furthermore, the constant temperature module includes at least two constant temperature tubes, which are detachably connected to the separation column. At least one constant temperature cone plate is provided inside the constant temperature tube, and the constant temperature cone plate is inverted cone shape.

[0012] With this configuration, in actual use of the distillation column, the feed steam enters from the feed inlet, or the steam generated again after passing through the reboiling section. As it passes through different thermostatic tubes, the feed steam can be temporarily stored in the space formed between the inner wall of the thermostatic tube and multiple thermostatic cones. In conjunction with the thermostatic module, the internal temperature of the thermostatic module can be controlled, thus allowing for more accurate control of the steam temperature even with a longer steam retention time. The thermostatic cones serve two purposes: firstly, they work with the thermostatic tubes to temporarily store the feed steam; secondly, they facilitate heat conduction. Due to the physical property that hotter steam rises and colder steam sinks, the inverted conical shape of the thermostatic cones ensures that the steam at the bottom layer within the space formed by the thermostatic cones and tubes undergoes a certain period of heating and circulation before continuing to flow upward through the holes in the middle of the thermostatic cones. This maximizes the heating, insulation, and temperature control effects of the thermostatic tubes on the internal gas, preparing the column for subsequent separation.

[0013] Furthermore, the constant temperature device includes a plurality of heating tubes disposed inside the constant temperature tube, and a heater is connected to the outside of the heating tubes.

[0014] With this configuration, in actual use of the distillation column, the raw material vapor enters from the feed inlet, or the vapor generated again after passing through the reboiling section. As it passes through different thermostatic tubes, the raw material vapor can be temporarily stored in the space formed between the inner wall of the thermostatic tube and multiple thermostatic cones. Since there are heating tubes in the thermostatic module, the internal temperature of the thermostatic module can be controlled by controlling the heating tubes. This allows for more accurate control of the vapor temperature even with a longer vapor retention time. The thermostatic cones serve two purposes: firstly, they work with the thermostatic tubes to temporarily store the raw material vapor; secondly, they work with the heating tubes to increase the heat conduction effect. Due to the physical property that hotter vapor rises and colder vapor sinks, the inverted cone shape of the thermostatic cones ensures that the vapor at the bottom of the space between the thermostatic cones and the thermostatic tubes undergoes a certain period of heating and circulation before continuing to flow upward through the holes in the middle of the thermostatic cones. This maximizes the heating, heat preservation, and temperature control effects of the thermostatic tubes on the internal gas.

[0015] Furthermore, the separation column includes a separation tube, which is detachably connected to the constant temperature module. Both ends of the separation connection pipe are connected to the separation tube, and the condenser is located in the middle of the separation connection pipe and is connected to the separation connection pipe.

[0016] With this configuration, the use of constant temperature and separation modules allows for free assembly of the column body, thus enabling controllable and variable number of separation modules. This allows for multi-stage distillation of multiple materials within the same distillation column.

[0017] Furthermore, at least one separation plate is provided inside the separation tube. The separation plate is disc-shaped and its diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the separation tube. The separation plate is located in the middle of the separation connection pipeline and has several vent holes.

[0018] With this setup, due to the constant temperature module, the steam entering the separation module is all raw material steam with a uniform and stable temperature. After the raw material steam enters the separation tube, it first comes into contact with the separation plates in the separation tube. The separation plates have atomized coolant sprayed down by the condenser, which can mix with the steam to achieve the initial separation of the material with the highest boiling point in the steam.

[0019] Furthermore, the external refrigeration device includes a condensing ring covering the outside of the condensing pipe and a heat exchange device. The heat exchange device includes a heat exchanger, which is connected to the condensing ring via a heat exchange pipeline. The condensing ring is provided with at least two connection ports located at the separation connection pipeline position. A plurality of sliding support plates are provided inside the condensing ring, and a sliding spiral plate is slidably connected to the sliding support plate. A spring is provided between the sliding spiral plate and the sliding support plate. A magnetic control device is provided outside the condensing ring, which can control the relative position of the sliding support plate and the sliding spiral plate.

[0020] With this configuration, when the constant-temperature raw material steam enters the condenser after entering the separation connection pipeline, the liquid in the condensation ring can achieve cooling and temperature control of the condenser. Firstly, the modular tower body allows for free assembly. Through the setting of the constant-temperature module and the separation module, based on the principle of multi-stage cooling of the required separated materials, the constant-temperature control and condensation of the raw material steam are achieved. The cooling device is located outside the tower body, which is convenient to install. Moreover, since it is located outside the tower body, it is easy to control the temperature of the external condensation pipeline by only controlling the external heat exchange cooling temperature. Thus, multi-stage cooling distillation can be achieved based on the physical properties of the different boiling points of the mixed raw material steam.

[0021] Furthermore, the magnetic control device includes a magnetic block and a rotating ring disposed outside the condensing ring. The rotating ring is rotatably connected to the condensing ring. An external gear is disposed on the outside of the rotating ring, and a motor and a drive gear are disposed on the outside of the condensing ring. The rotating ring can control the movement of the magnetic block.

[0022] Furthermore, the condenser tube is provided with at least one condenser cone, the discharge pipe is located at the bottom of the condenser cone, and the sliding spiral plate is located at the top of the condenser cone.

[0023] With this configuration, when the constant-temperature raw material steam enters the condenser after entering the separation connection pipeline, the liquid in the condensation ring can achieve cooling and temperature control of the condenser. Firstly, the modular tower body allows for free assembly. Through the setting of the constant-temperature module and the separation module, based on the principle of multi-stage cooling of the required separated materials, the constant-temperature control and condensation of the raw material steam are achieved. The cooling device is located outside the tower body, which is convenient to install. Moreover, since it is located outside the tower body, it is easy to control the temperature of the external condensation pipeline by only controlling the external heat exchange cooling temperature. Thus, multi-stage cooling distillation can be achieved based on the physical properties of the different boiling points of the mixed raw material steam.

[0024] Furthermore, both the constant temperature module and the separation module are equipped with several temperature detectors.

[0025] This setup facilitates the observation and control of temperatures throughout the distillation column and allows for timely adjustments. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-stage cooling distillation column according to the present invention is shown; and Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the distillation column in the diagram; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the isothermal module in the multi-stage cooling distillation column of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the separation module in the multi-stage cooling distillation column of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of the separation tube and separation plates in the multi-stage cooling distillation column of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the external refrigeration device in the multi-stage cooling distillation column of the present invention; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged diagram of A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the condenser tubes and related structures in the multi-stage cooling distillation column of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-stage cooling distillation column of the present invention, showing the condenser tubes working in conjunction with the sliding spiral plate at the condenser cone position.

[0027] The above figures include the following reference numerals: 1. Tower body; 2. Feed inlet; 3. Reboiling section; 4. Cooling section; 5. Tower top; 6. Tower bottom; 7. Constant temperature module; 8. Separation module; 9. Constant temperature device; 10. Separation column; 11. Condenser; 12. Separation connection pipeline; 13. External refrigeration device; 14. Discharge pipe; 15. Pump body; 16. Atomizing device; 17. Condenser connection pipeline; 18. Constant temperature tube; 19. Constant temperature cone plate; 20. Heating tube; 21. Heater; 22. Separation tube; 23. Separation plate; 24. Vent; 25. Condensation ring; 26. Heat exchange device; 27. Heat exchange pipeline; 28. Connection port; 29. ​​Sliding support plate; 30. Sliding spiral plate; 31. Magnetic control device; 32. Magnetic block; 33. Rotating ring; 34. External gear; 35. Motor; 36. Drive gear; 37. Condensation cone. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0030] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0031] like Figure 1-9 As shown, the present invention provides a staged cooling distillation column, including a column body 1, a feed inlet 2, a reboiling section 3, and a cooling section 4. The column body 1 includes a top section 5, a bottom section 6, a temperature control module 7, and a separation module 8. The temperature control module 7 and the separation module 8 are arranged between the top section 5 and the bottom section 6. The temperature control module 7 and the separation module 8 are connected in sequence to form the working unit of the distillation column, providing a structural basis for realizing the distillation of different materials.

[0032] When distilling a single material, one working unit can be selected. In actual use, different numbers of working units can be assembled and used according to actual needs. That is, when distilling multiple materials, the number of working units can be increased through detachable connections. The detachable connection between each working unit and to the top and bottom of the column, such as the use of flange connections, facilitates users to flexibly assemble and adjust the distillation column structure according to actual needs.

[0033] The constant temperature module 7 is equipped with a constant temperature device 9. The separation module 8 includes at least one separation column 10. The separation column 10 is provided with a condenser 11 outside the column body 1. The condenser 11 is connected to the inside of the separation column 10 through a separation connecting pipe 12. An external refrigeration device 13 is provided outside the condenser 11. Each condenser 11 is connected to a discharge pipe 14. The reboiling section 3 and the cooling section 4 are both existing technologies commonly used in the field of distillation columns, and will not be described in detail here.

[0034] Regarding the cooling section 4, which is connected to the top of the tower 5, it includes a condensate storage tank, a pump body 15, and an atomizing device 16. The condensate storage tank is connected to the top of the tower body 1, and the pump body 15 is connected to the pump body 15 via a condensation connection pipe. The pump body 15 is connected to the atomizing device 16 via a condensation connection pipe 17. The atomizing device 16 is located inside the tower body 1. The addition of the atomizing device 16 enables uniform distribution of the condensate and increases the efficiency of cooling the raw material vapor during actual use.

[0035] Optionally, the constant temperature module 7 includes at least two constant temperature tubes 18, which are detachably connected to the separation column 10. Each constant temperature tube 18 contains at least one constant temperature cone plate 19, which is inverted conical in shape. The constant temperature device 9 includes a plurality of heating tubes 20 disposed within the constant temperature tubes 18, and each heating tube 20 is externally connected to a heater 21.

[0036] With this configuration, in the actual use of the staged cooling distillation column of the present invention, the feed steam or steam generated again after passing through the reboiling section 3 enters through the feed inlet 2. When passing through different thermostatic tubes 18, the feed steam can be temporarily stored in the space formed between the inner wall of the thermostatic tube 18 and multiple thermostatic cone plates 19. Since there is a heating tube 20 in the thermostatic module 7, the internal temperature of the thermostatic module 7 can be controlled by controlling the heating tube 20. Thus, the steam temperature can be more accurately controlled even with a longer steam retention time. The setting of the thermostatic cone plates 19 can firstly cooperate with the thermostatic tubes 18 to achieve temporary storage. The purpose of the raw material steam is, secondly, to work with the heating tube 20 to increase the heat conduction of the heating tube 20. Since the physical property of steam is that hotter steam rises and colder steam sinks, the inverted cone shape of the constant temperature cone plate 19 can ensure that the steam at the bottom layer in the space formed by the constant temperature cone plate 19 and the constant temperature tube 18 still undergoes a certain period of heating and circulation before it can continue to flow upward from the hole in the middle of the constant temperature cone plate 19. This maximizes the heating, heat preservation and temperature control effect of the constant temperature tube 18 on the gas inside it, and makes full preparations for subsequent separation.

[0037] Optionally, the separation column 10 includes a separation tube 22, which is detachably connected to the constant temperature module 7. Both ends of the separation connection pipe 12 are connected to the separation tube 22. The condenser pipe 11 is located in the middle of the separation connection pipe 12 and is connected to it. At least one separation plate 23 is provided inside the separation tube 22. The separation plate 23 is disc-shaped and its diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the separation tube 22. The separation plate 23 is located in the middle of the separation connection pipe 12 and has several vent holes 24. The external refrigeration device 13 includes a condensing ring 25 covering the outside of the condensing pipe 11 and a heat exchange device 26. The heat exchange device 26 includes a heat exchanger, which is connected to the condensing ring 25 through a heat exchange pipe 27. The condensing ring 25 is provided with at least two connection ports 28, which are located at the position of the separation connection pipe 12. A plurality of sliding support plates 29 are provided inside the condensing ring 25. A sliding spiral plate 30 is slidably connected to the sliding support plate 29. A spring is provided between the sliding spiral plate 30 and the sliding support plate 29. A magnetic control device 31 is provided outside the condensing ring 25, which can control the relative position of the sliding support plate 29 and the sliding spiral plate 30. The magnetic control device 31 includes a magnetic block 32 and a rotating ring 33 disposed outside the condensing ring 25. The rotating ring 33 is rotatably connected to the condensing ring 25. An external gear 34 is disposed on the outer side of the rotating ring 33, and a motor 35 and a drive gear 36 are disposed on the outer side of the condensing ring 25. The rotating ring 33 can control the movement of the magnetic block 32. At least one condensing cone 37 is disposed on the condensing pipe 11. The discharge pipe 14 is located at the bottom of the condensing cone 37, and the sliding spiral plate 30 is located at the top of the condensing cone 37. A magnet is disposed on the sliding spiral plate 30, which interacts with the magnetic control device 31 outside the condensing ring 25, thereby realizing the control of the sliding spiral plate 30 by the magnetic control device 31. The sliding support plate 29 is connected to the condensing ring 25 by means of a slot and a block engagement. Specifically, a groove is provided on the inner wall of the condensation ring 25, and a corresponding block is provided on the sliding support plate 29. The block can slide in the groove. This connection method ensures that the sliding support plate 29 and the condensation ring 25 are firmly connected, and does not hinder the sliding movement of the sliding spiral plate 30 on the sliding support plate 29.

[0038] This setup is used in the actual process of distillation and separation of feedstock vapor; First, due to the constant temperature module 7, the steam entering the separation module 8 is uniform and stable raw material steam. After the raw material steam enters the separation tube 22, it first contacts the separation plate 23 present in the separation tube 22. The separation plate 23 contains atomized coolant sprayed down by the condenser, which can mix with the steam to achieve the initial separation of the material with the highest boiling point in the steam. It should be noted here that since the cooling section 4 is equipped with an atomizing device 16, the coolant discharged from the cooling section 4 is all atomized liquid particles. When these particles adhere to the separation plate 23, they further atomize the raw material steam inside the tower body 1. Under the premise that the steam temperature decreases gradually from bottom to top, the temperature of the atomized liquid on the separation plate 23 in the lower separation module 8 is higher. This ensures that the higher boiling point of the raw material steam below will not be affected. Thus, for the raw material steam in the multi-stage cooling distillation column, the higher the boiling point of the steam, the more likely it is to be separated in the lower separation module 8. This achieves excellent auxiliary separation and avoids the situation where the high boiling point steam in the lower part repeatedly condenses and boils due to the small temperature difference between the upper and lower cooling liquids. This also reduces energy consumption.

[0039] Secondly, when the constant-temperature raw material steam enters the separation connection pipe 12 and then enters the condenser 11, the liquid in the condensation ring 25 can achieve the function of cooling and temperature control of the condenser 11. Firstly, the modular tower body 1 can be freely assembled. Through the setting of the constant temperature module 7 and the separation module 8, according to the principle of multi-stage cooling of the required separated materials, the constant temperature control and condensation treatment of the raw material steam can be achieved. The cooling device is located outside the tower body 1, which is convenient to install. Since it is set outside the tower body 1, it is only necessary to control the external heat exchange cooling temperature to easily achieve the temperature control of the external condenser 11. Thus, multi-stage cooling distillation can be achieved according to the physical properties of the different boiling points of the mixed raw material steam.

[0040] It is important to note that the combination of the condensing cone 37 and the sliding spiral plate 30 in the condenser tube 11 enables precise cooling of a small area of ​​the tube wall located at the condensing cone 37. In actual use, the coolant enters the condensing ring 25 from the heat exchanger through the heat exchange pipe 27, making it easy to control its flow direction. Therefore, the sliding spiral plate 30 automatically rotates as the coolant flows past it, generating a condensing vortex. This condensing vortex can be controlled by the magnetic control device 31 to position the sliding spiral plate 30 at the condensing cone 37 or at a normal tube wall location. When the condensing vortex is at the condensing cone 37, the condensing cone 37... The longer contact time between the pipe wall and the coolant at this location, and the conical shape of the condensing cone 37, which increases the contact area between the coolant and the pipe wall per unit volume, obviously results in a slightly lower temperature at the condensing cone 37 location compared to the ordinary location in the condensing tube 11. This leads to a slightly lower inner pipe wall temperature at the condensing cone 37 location, thereby significantly optimizing the condensation efficiency within the condensing tube 11. Furthermore, the conical shape of the condensing cone 37 automatically guides the liquid droplets after the raw material vapor condenses, allowing them to drip into the discharge pipe 14 for collection. This greatly optimizes the external and precise control of the condensation temperature, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the distillation column in separating raw material vapor based on its boiling point.

[0041] Optionally, both the constant temperature module 7 and the separation module 8 are equipped with several temperature detectors.

[0042] A high-precision temperature sensor is installed on the wall of the condenser cone 37, and this sensor is electrically connected to the control system. The temperature sensor collects the temperature data of the condenser cone 37 wall in real time and transmits it to the control system. The control system has preset temperature ranges for the distillation of different materials. When the received temperature data exceeds the preset range, the control system sends a command to the drive motor to control the sliding spiral plate 30 to reach the specified position. The rotation of the sliding spiral plate 30 is based on the rate of temperature change. When the rate of temperature change exceeds a certain value, such as 0.5℃ / min, the drive motor adjusts the speed of the spiral plate to achieve precise cooling. For example, when the rate of temperature change is too fast, the drive motor increases the speed of the sliding spiral plate 30 to increase the disturbance of the vapor in the condenser tube 11 and enhance the heat dissipation effect; when the rate of temperature change is too slow, the speed of the sliding spiral plate 30 is reduced to avoid overcooling. This setting facilitates the observation and control of the temperature at various points in the distillation column and allows for timely adjustment.

[0043] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: First, by setting up a modular tower body 1, the present invention can achieve free assembly of the tower body 1. By setting up the constant temperature module 7 and the separation module 8, according to the principle of multi-stage cooling of the required separated materials, the constant temperature control and condensation treatment of the raw material steam can be achieved. Only the external heat exchange cooling temperature needs to be controlled, and the temperature control of the external condenser pipe 11 can be easily achieved. Thus, multi-stage cooling distillation can be achieved according to the physical properties of the different boiling points of the mixed raw material steam. Due to the modular design of the constant temperature module 7 and the separation module 8, the installation is convenient and the tower body 1 can be freely assembled. Thus, the number of separation modules 8 can be controlled and varied, so that multi-stage distillation of multiple materials can be achieved in the same distillation tower.

[0044] Secondly, the cooling section 4 is designed with an additional atomizing device 16, which can achieve uniform distribution of condensate and increase the efficiency of cooling raw material steam when the condensate is used.

[0045] Then, the design of the constant temperature module 7 allows the raw material steam entering through the feed inlet 2 or the steam generated again after passing through the reboiling section 3 to be temporarily stored in the space formed between the inner wall of the constant temperature tube 18 and multiple constant temperature cone plates 19 as it passes through different constant temperature tubes 18. Since there is a heating tube 20 in the constant temperature module 7, the internal temperature of the constant temperature module 7 can be controlled by controlling the heating tube 20. This allows for more accurate control of the steam temperature even with a longer steam retention time. The constant temperature cone plates 19 are designed to work with the constant temperature tubes 18 to temporarily store the raw material steam. Secondly, it can be used in conjunction with the heating tube 20 to increase the heat conduction effect generated by the heating tube 20. Since the physical property of steam is that hotter steam rises and colder steam sinks, by utilizing this physical property, the inverted cone shape of the constant temperature cone plate 19 can ensure that the steam at the bottom layer in the space formed by the constant temperature cone plate 19 and the constant temperature tube 18 still undergoes a certain period of heating and circulation before it can continue to flow upward from the hole in the middle of the constant temperature cone plate 19. This maximizes the heating, heat preservation and temperature control effect of the constant temperature tube 18 on the gas inside it, and makes full preparations for subsequent separation.

[0046] Finally, the design of the separation module 8, in conjunction with the constant-temperature steam generated by the constant-temperature module 7, ensures that after the raw material steam enters the separation tube 22, it first contacts the separation plate 23 present in the separation tube 22. The separation plate 23 contains atomized coolant sprayed down by the condenser, which can mix with the steam to achieve the initial separation of the material with the highest boiling point in the steam. It should be noted here that, since the cooling section 4 is equipped with an atomizing device 16, the coolant discharged through the cooling section 4 consists of atomized liquid particles. When these particles adhere to the separation plate 23, under the premise that the temperature of the raw material steam inside the tower 1 decreases step by step from bottom to top, the temperature of the atomized liquid on the separation plate 23 in the lower separation module 8 is higher. This ensures that the raw material steam with a higher boiling point below will not be affected. Thus, for the raw material steam in the multi-stage cooling distillation tower, the principle that the higher the boiling point of the steam, the more likely it is to be separated in the lower separation module 8 is achieved, thus achieving excellent auxiliary separation. This avoids the situation where the high-boiling-point steam in the lower part repeatedly condenses and boils due to the small temperature difference between the upper and lower cooling liquids, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0047] The most innovative technical aspects are the design of the condensing cone 37 and the sliding spiral plate 30. In practical use, it can achieve a small-scale precise cooling effect on a portion of the tube wall of the condensing tube 11 located at the condensing cone 37. By setting the sliding spiral plate 30, the cooling liquid can automatically rotate and generate a condensation vortex when flowing through the sliding spiral plate 30. The condensation vortex can be controlled by the magnetic control device 31 to control the sliding spiral plate 30 to exist at the position of the condensing cone 37 or at the position of the conventional tube wall. This can achieve a slightly lower inner tube wall temperature at the position of the condensing cone 37, thereby greatly optimizing the condensation efficiency in the condensing tube 11. The conical shape of the condensing cone 37 can also automatically guide the liquid after the raw material vapor is condensed to drip down to the discharge pipe 14 for collection. This greatly optimizes the external control and precise control effect of the condensation temperature, thereby optimizing the efficiency and accuracy of the distillation column in separating the raw material vapor according to the different vapor boiling points.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0049] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0050] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A staged cooling distillation column, comprising a column body (1), a feed inlet (2), a reboiling section (3), and a cooling section (4), characterized in that: The column body (1) includes a column top (5), a column bottom (6), a constant temperature module (7), and a separation module (8). The constant temperature module (7) and the separation module (8) are arranged between the column top (5) and the column bottom (6). The constant temperature module (7) and the separation module (8) are connected in sequence to form a working unit of the distillation column. The constant temperature module (7) is equipped with a constant temperature device (9). The separation module (8) includes at least one separation column (10). The separation column (10) is equipped with a condenser (11) outside the column body (1). The condenser (11) is connected to the inside of the separation column (10) through a separation connection pipe (12). An external refrigeration device (13) is provided outside the condenser (11). The condenser (11) is connected to a discharge pipe (14). The cooling section (4) is connected to the top of the tower (5) and includes a condensate storage tank, a pump body (15) and an atomizing device (16). The condensate storage tank is connected to the top of the tower body (1). The condensate storage tank is connected to the pump body (15) through a condensation connection pipe. The pump body (15) is connected to the atomizing device (16) through a condensation connection pipe (17). The atomizing device (16) is located inside the tower body (1).

2. The staged cooling distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constant temperature module (7) includes at least two constant temperature tubes (18), which are detachably connected to the separation column (10). At least one constant temperature cone plate (19) is provided inside the constant temperature tube (18), and the constant temperature cone plate (19) is inverted cone shape.

3. A staged cooling distillation column according to claim 2, characterized in that: The constant temperature device (9) includes a plurality of heating tubes (20) disposed in the constant temperature tube (18), and a heater (21) is connected to the outside of the heating tubes (20).

4. A staged cooling distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation column (10) includes a separation tube (22). The separation tube (22) is detachably connected to the constant temperature module (7). Both ends of the separation connection pipe (12) are connected to the separation tube (22). The condenser (11) is located in the middle of the separation connection pipe (12) and is connected to the separation connection pipe (12).

5. A staged cooling distillation column according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least one separation plate (23) is provided inside the separation tube (22). The separation plate (23) is disc-shaped and its diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the separation tube (22). The separation plate (23) is located in the middle of the separation connection pipe (12). Several vent holes (24) are provided on the separation plate (23).

6. A staged cooling distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external refrigeration device (13) includes a condensing ring (25) covering the outside of the condensing pipe (11) and a heat exchange device (26). The heat exchange device (26) includes a heat exchanger, which is connected to the condensing ring (25) through a heat exchange pipe (27). The condensing ring (25) is provided with at least two connection ports (28), which are located at the position of the separation connection pipe (12). A plurality of sliding support plates (29) are provided inside the condensing ring (25). A sliding spiral plate (30) is slidably connected to the sliding support plate (29). A spring is provided between the sliding spiral plate (30) and the sliding support plate (29). A magnetic control device (31) is provided outside the condensing ring (25). The magnetic control device (31) can control the relative position of the sliding support plate (29) and the sliding spiral plate (30).

7. A staged cooling distillation column according to claim 6, characterized in that: The magnetic control device (31) includes a magnetic block (32) and a rotating ring (33) disposed outside the condensing ring (25). The rotating ring (33) is rotatably connected to the condensing ring (25). An external gear (34) is disposed on the outside of the rotating ring (33). A motor (35) and a drive gear (36) are disposed on the outside of the condensing ring (25). The rotating ring (33) can control the movement of the magnetic block (32).

8. A staged cooling distillation column according to claim 6, characterized in that: At least one condensing cone (37) is provided on the condensing tube (11), the discharge pipe (14) is located at the bottom of the condensing cone (37), and the sliding spiral plate (30) is located at the top of the condensing cone (37).

9. A staged cooling distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the constant temperature module (7) and the separation module (8) are equipped with several temperature detectors.

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