Small seeding device with stepless adjustment of seed particle size, seeding plant distance and depth

Abstract

This invention relates to a small-scale sowing device that adapts to seed size and allows for stepless adjustment of sowing spacing and depth. The front-end structure includes a frame F with casters at the bottom front and a fixed connection between the top front and a housing D. The housing D contains a lifting mechanism. A motor and battery are mounted on a frame B on one side of the middle, and a frame C runs through the frame F on the other side. Rotary tillers are connected to the motor via gear and belt drives. A frame A is located at the rear of the frame F, with a mudguard near the rotary tillers. The seed-dropping mechanism, located behind the front-end structure, includes a frame D. The bottom of the frame D is connected to a collection box, the bottom of which is connected to a flexible hose. The top half of the collection box is a material cylinder, and the other half is an inverted U-shape with an inward opening. The rear-end structure, located behind the seed-dropping mechanism, includes a housing A with a through-shaft M fixed to the frame F. The bottom of the frame F has a press wheel, and the housing A has a speed-changing mechanism. This integrated operation of loosening soil, sowing, and covering the soil reduces labor intensity and improves sowing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural sowing technology, specifically relating to a small sowing device that adapts to seed size and allows for stepless adjustment of sowing spacing and depth. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of agricultural technology, large-scale seeding devices are becoming increasingly common in plains areas. However, these devices are unsuitable for complex terrains such as mountains and hills, as well as the booming greenhouse agriculture of recent years. Seeding in mountainous, hilly, and greenhouse areas relies solely on manual labor and small-scale seeding devices. Manual seeding is inefficient and labor-intensive; existing small-scale seeding devices lack sufficient functionality, such as the inability to adapt to different planting spacing and depths for different crops. Furthermore, small-scale seeding devices also suffer from unstable operation, with planting spacing affected by the device's forward speed.

[0003] Chinese patent CN117561850A discloses a seeding machine for agricultural planting. The device uses a rotating seed tray to draw seeds into a groove within the tray, and a pusher plate ejects the seeds from the groove to the tray for sowing. However, the contour dimensions of the groove within the seed tray are not adjustable, and the stroke of the pusher plate is also not adjustable, limiting its application to crops with a single seed diameter. Furthermore, the method of rotating the seed tray to draw seeds into the groove makes it difficult to ensure that the seeds precisely fill the groove, potentially leading to under-sowing or seed blockage. The user pushes the device forward from the rear, causing the front wheels to rotate due to friction with the ground. The front wheel and the seed tray are driven by a chain. The planting spacing is affected by the transmission ratio between the front wheel and the seed tray. The chain transmission ratio of this device is not adjustable, so it can only meet the planting spacing requirements of a single crop. In addition, the overall center of gravity of the device is relatively far back. During operation, the front wheel may tilt up and stop rotating for a short time, causing the seed tray to stop rotating and affecting the planting spacing. The device uses a traditional plow to open furrows, which generates great resistance when opening furrows. The deeper the furrow, the greater the resistance, which requires high physical strength from the user. Moreover, the depth of the plow cannot be adjusted, so the planting depth is not adjustable and can only meet the planting depth requirements of a single crop.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies have the problem that small-scale seeding devices cannot simultaneously meet the seeding needs of different crops (with different particle diameters) and different requirements for seeding spacing and depth. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of the invention, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a small-scale sowing device that adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth, solving the problem that existing small-scale sowing devices cannot simultaneously meet the sowing needs of different crops (with different seed diameters) and different requirements for sowing spacing and depth. This invention provides a small-scale sowing device that adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth. This small-scale sowing device includes a front-end structure located at the front end of the device. The front-end structure includes a frame F, with liftable casters installed at the bottom front side of the frame F. The top front side is fixedly connected to a housing D, which contains a lifting mechanism. A frame B is located on one side of the frame, housing a motor and a battery. A frame C, penetrating the frame F, is installed on the other side of the frame. Rotary tillers are connected to the motor via gear and belt transmission. A frame A is located at the rear of the frame F, with the frame B above the frame A. A mudguard is located on the frame A near the rotary tillers. The seed-dispensing mechanism, located behind the front-end structure, includes a frame D. The frame D has an inverted U-shaped hollow bottom and a collection box. The top of the collection box is connected to the bottom of the frame D, and the bottom is connected to a flexible hose. The top half is fixed to a support D by screws H, and the other half is an inverted U-shape with an inward opening. A material cylinder is disposed inside the support D. The rear side of the frame D is connected to a push rod. The material cylinder is fixed inside the support D by screws I, and is located outside the roller. The top of the material cylinder is an end cap, fixed by screws D. The end cap has a funnel-shaped opening at its top. The material cylinder also includes five sliding arc-shaped plates, each with a slider B on one side of the funnel-shaped opening. Five U-shaped buckles are provided on the material cylinder, each U-shaped buckle matching a slider B and opposite the funnel-shaped opening. On the other side, each sliding arc-shaped plate is equipped with an arc-shaped seed-dropping plate, namely arc-shaped seed-dropping plate A, arc-shaped seed-dropping plate B, arc-shaped seed-dropping plate C, arc-shaped seed-dropping plate D, and arc-shaped seed-dropping plate E. Each arc-shaped seed-dropping plate has an annular groove in the middle, and a rubber ring is fitted around the groove. The seed-dropping groove engages with the annular groove on the arc-shaped seed-dropping plate via the rubber ring. The seed-dropping groove is conical with a taper of 7:10. The roller has a circular hole that matches the seed-dropping groove. The bottom of the roller has a telescopic cylinder that passes through a partition and is located inside the other half of the inverted U-shaped box of the frame D. An inclined plate is installed inside the roller. By adjusting the number of arc-shaped seed-dropping plates that open, single or multiple seed sowing can be achieved. By changing the seed-dropping grooves on the arc-shaped seed-dropping plates, sowing of seeds of different diameters can be achieved. The rear structure, located behind the seed-laying mechanism, includes a housing A, with a shaft M passing through the housing A. A speed-changing mechanism is installed on the housing A. The shaft M is fixed to the frame F. A press wheel is installed at the bottom of the frame F. Shafts N are installed on both sides of the press wheel. A frame G is installed between the two shafts N. A bushing W is installed on the frame G. The shafts N are connected to the soil-covering plate. The front-end structure, the seed-dropping mechanism, and the rear-end structure are fixed together by bolts.

[0007] Optionally, the lifting mechanism inside the housing D includes a threaded sleeve fixed by bolts K. The threaded sleeve is connected to a worm gear B via a thrust ball bearing B1. Above the worm gear B is a thrust ball bearing B2, and above the thrust ball bearing B2 is a lead screw A. The shaft O is located behind the threaded sleeve, and both ends have worms B that are adapted to the worm gear B. One side of the worm gear B is fixed to the inside of the housing D via bearing E2, and the other side is fixed to the inside of the housing D via bearing E2. A bearing end cover C is provided on the outside and fixed by screws L. The handwheel B and the inner bearing E2 are connected by a fixed shaft and fixed by a nut K. The caster wheel and the frame F are connected by a bearing seat and a pressure plate A. The caster wheel is fixed by bolts L. Thrust ball bearings A1 and A2 are arranged inside from bottom to top.

[0008] Optionally, the rotary tiller transmission mechanism includes gear B, gear A, and gear C from bottom to top; these are respectively connected to the inner side of the frame C via bushings E, C, and B. A pulley B is provided between gear C and bushing B. Pulley B is connected to pulley A via a belt. The radius of pulley A is smaller than the radius of pulley B. Pulley A is connected to the side of the inverted L-shaped plate where the switch is located via shaft B and is controlled by the motor. The switch controls the motor. The other side of gear B is connected to bushing Z, with the rotary tiller blade in the middle. Bearing A and shaft C are installed on the other side of bushing Z.

[0009] Optionally, the mudguard is fixed to the side of the frame A by bolt B, and a bolt C and a matching nut A are provided below the bolt B. A support plate is provided on the side of the mudguard.

[0010] Optionally, the material cylinder is fixed inside the bracket D by screw I. The material cylinder is located outside the drum. The top of the material cylinder is an end cap, which is fixed by screw D. The top of the end cap is provided with a funnel-shaped opening. The material cylinder also includes 5 sliding arc plates, and each sliding arc plate on one side of the funnel-shaped opening is provided with a slider B. The material cylinder is provided with 5 U-shaped buckles, each of which is adapted to a slider B. On the opposite side of the funnel-shaped opening, each sliding... The curved plate is equipped with curved seed dropping plates, namely curved seed dropping plate A, curved seed dropping plate B, curved seed dropping plate C, curved seed dropping plate D, and curved seed dropping plate E. Each curved seed dropping plate has an annular groove in the middle, and a rubber ring that fits the groove on the outside. The groove is conical with a taper of 7:10. The roller has a circular hole that fits the groove. The bottom of the roller has a telescopic cylinder that passes through a partition and is located inside the other half of the inverted U-shaped box of the frame D. The roller has an inclined plate inside.

[0011] Optionally, the collection box includes a flip-up door on the outside, and a pressure plate C is installed on the flip-up door by screws F. A cross handle B is set on the pressure plate C. One bottom side of the collection box is connected to a flexible hose. The inside of the collection box has a nut I and a locking tongue that are compatible with the cross handle B. The slope of the inner wall of the collection box is 1:1, 1:2, 5:6, and 5:6 respectively, and the slope of the bottom plate is 3:40. The bottom opening of the flexible hose is compatible with the box C on the rear side of the frame A.

[0012] Optionally, the outer ring of the shaft M has a bushing R. One side of the press wheel passes through the inside of the frame F and is connected to the sprocket A via the bushing H. The other side of the press wheel is fixed by a gasket B, a shaft E, and a nut B. The other side of the shaft M is also connected to the sprocket D. The sprocket A and the sprocket D are the same. The shaft M is fixed to the frame F by a bearing end cover B.

[0013] Optionally, the inner side of the housing A is an end cap C, with four sets of two-by-two gaskets C and screws B on the end cap C. An opening is provided in the middle of the end cap C, and a cross handle A is fixed to the left side of the opening. The cross handle C on the top of the housing A is fixed by a nut E. A threaded drive disc is provided on the outer side of the housing A. A slider A is located in the middle of the outer side of the housing A, and a sprocket B is fixed by a shaft F and a nut C. Four cross-shaped brackets C are provided on the front middle of the outer side of the housing A. A torsion spring B is provided on one side of each bracket C, and a tension sprocket is fixed to the other side of each bracket C by a bolt E. The sprocket C passes through the roller. The chain A is sleeved on the sprocket C and the bracket C, and its bottom is connected to the outer sprocket of the tension sprocket. The bottom locking slider A is secured by a ratchet B passing through a notch. The ratchet A on the inner side of the sprocket B is in contact with the inner end face of the gearbox A. The inner side of the housing A is a threaded locking disc, and a lead screw B is set in the middle of the threaded locking disc. A gear D is set on the outer side of the lead screw B. The cross handle A is sleeved with a gear E through a shaft G. The gear E and the gear D are compatible. There are two lead screws B in the middle of the housing A. A toothed locking slider A is set above the lead screw B and a toothed locking slider B is set below the lead screw B. The toothed locking slider A is connected to the outer side of the housing A through a self-locking lead screw. The self-locking lead screw is between the two lead screws B. The other side of the toothed locking slider A is connected to the lead screw seat through the self-locking lead screw. The words "loosen" are on the left side of the cross handle C and "lock" are on the right side. A threaded transmission disc is set on the threaded locking disc. The lead screw B is connected to the housing A through a bearing F.

[0014] Optionally, the shaft N has a bracket F, the bracket F has a bushing Q, and the bracket G is vertically fixed below the shaft N by bolts G and nuts G to fix the soil cover plate.

[0015] Optionally, a shaft L is provided inside the upper part of the housing C. The shaft L passes through the side of the housing C and fixes the bearing B to the outside with the nut F. A handwheel A is provided on the bearing B. A bushing P and a worm gear A pass through the inside of the shaft L. The worm gear A is adapted to the worm wheel A below. The bushing O passes through the worm wheel A and is fixed in position by the shaft K. A gear H with a small cross-section is provided on the rear side of the worm wheel A on the bushing O. The bushing O is connected to the seeding tube. Bushing M is provided on both sides of the bushing O. The sleeve M is equipped with a gear F2 that matches the rack on the side of the seeding tube. The two bushings M are also equipped with a gear F5 that matches the gear H and a gear F3 that matches the reversing gear F4. The reversing gear F4 matches the gear H and is fixed by the shaft J. A seeding depth scale line is provided between the two racks. On both sides of the rack, there are gears F1 that match and are symmetrically distributed on the bushing K. The bushing K is outside the shaft H, and the rack can move up and down.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention uses an inclined plate built into the drum to make the seeds converge towards the seed drop opening. The vibration generated by the rotation of the drum and the sweeping of the inclined plate on the inner wall of the drum ensure successful seed drop and prevent blockage.

[0017] (2) The present invention can achieve single or multiple seed sowing by adjusting the number of openings of the arc-shaped seed dropping plate; and can achieve sowing of seeds of different diameters by changing the seed dropping groove on the arc-shaped seed dropping plate.

[0018] (3) In this invention, the rotating threaded transmission disc drives the slider A to simultaneously contract or expand radially, changing the transmission ratio between the press wheel and the drum, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the sowing spacing. The press wheel serves as the power wheel of the sowing mechanism, driving the drum to rotate. The sowing spacing is not affected by the speed of the device's forward movement. Furthermore, the surface of the press wheel is uniformly covered with hemispherical anti-slip protrusions to prevent the press wheel from slipping on the ground, ensuring reliable transmission.

[0019] (4) The present invention achieves stepless adjustment of the sowing depth by adjusting the linear motion of the rack in the self-locking gear train of the worm gear.

[0020] (5) The present invention loosens the soil by rotating the rotary tiller blade, and at the same time, it generates a forward traction force. The end of the seeding tube is V-shaped, and the end of the seeding tube pushes the soil to both sides, so as to achieve sowing while reducing the forward resistance of the device.

[0021] (6) This invention realizes the integrated operation of loosening soil, sowing, and covering soil, which greatly reduces labor intensity and improves sowing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front end structure of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary tillage blade transmission mechanism of the small-sized seeding device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable planting spacing and depth. Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the rotary tillage blade transmission mechanism and mudguard mechanism of the small-scale seeding device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable planting spacing and depth; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the upper half of the lifting mechanism of the small-sized sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the lower half of the lifting mechanism of the small-sized sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the seed-dropping mechanism of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal parts of the seed-dropping mechanism of the small-sized sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped seed dropping plate and seed dropping trough of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the external and internal structure of the collection box of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the seed metering mechanism of the small-scale seeding device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable planting spacing and depth; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the seed metering mechanism of the small-scale seeding device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable planting spacing and depth; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the rear end of the mechanism of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 15 This is a rear-end cross-sectional view of the mechanism of the small-sized seeding device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable planting spacing and depth; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the speed change mechanism of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 17 An exploded view of part G of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 18This is a schematic diagram of the speed change mechanism of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the method of using the cross handle C of the small-sized seeding device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has steplessly adjustable planting spacing and depth; Figure 20 This is a partially enlarged view of the speed change mechanism H of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 21 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the chain section of the speed change mechanism of the small-sized seeding device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable planting spacing and depth, after removing parts such as the housing A and the lead screw B; Figure 22 The enlarged views of J, K, and L are of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth. Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the planting spacing scale of the small-scale planting device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable planting spacing and depth; Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering mechanism of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the depth adjustment mechanism of the small-scale sowing device of the present invention, which is adaptable to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the depth adjustment mechanism of the small sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth, with the housing C removed; Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the gear transmission structure and sowing depth scale of the depth adjustment mechanism of the small sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to seed size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; List of Identifiers in the Attached Drawings: 1. Frame A; 11. Frame B; 111. Motor; 112. Battery; 113. Switch; 12. Frame C; 1220. Pulley A; 1221. Pulley B; 1222. Bushing B; 1223. Shaft A; 1224. Bushing C; 1225. Shaft D; 1226. Shaft B; 1227. Belt; 1228. Bushing D; 1229. Gear A; 1230. Gear B; 1231. Shaft C; 1232. Bushing Z; 1233. Bushing E; 1234. Gear C; 13. Support Plate; 131. Mudguard; 132. Bolt B; 133. Bolt C 134. Nut A; 135. Washer A; 14. Rotary tiller blade; 2. Pressing wheel; 21. End cap A; 211. Screw A; 212. Bushing G; 213. Nut B; 214. Shaft E; 215. Washer B; 221. Sprocket A; 222. Bushing H; 223. End cap B; 224. Bushing X; 225. Bushing A; 3. Housing A; 31. Sprocket B; 3101. End-face ratchet A; 3102. End-face ratchet B; 311. Shaft F; 312. Nut C; 313. Slider A; 315. Spring B; 316. Threaded drive disc; 317. Spring A; 318. Locking slider; 319. Threaded locking disc; 32. End cap C; 321. Cross handle C; 3211. Nut E; 322. Washer C; 323. Screw B; 324. Shaft G; 325. 33. Cross handle A; 33. Gear D; 332. Toothed locking slider A; 3321. Toothed locking slider B; 3322. Lead screw B; 3323. Bearing F; 333. Self-locking lead screw; 3331. Lead screw seat; 3341. Square column; 335. Gear E; 336. Bearing E; 3361. Bushing I; 341. Bracket C; 342. Bolt E; 343. Torsion spring B; 345. Tension sprocket; 35. Chain A; 351. Sprocket C; 4. Frame D; 41. Funnel; 411. Screw J; 42. End cap; 421. Screw D; 422. Screw E; 423. Funnel-shaped opening; 424. Inclined plate; 425. Seed dropper; 4251. Arc-shaped seed dropper A; 4252. Arc-shaped seed dropper B; 4253. Arc-shaped seed dropper C; 4254. Arc-shaped seed dropper D; 4255. Arc-shaped seed dropper E; 4256. Seed Dropping Trench ; 4257, Rubber ring; 4258, Annular groove; 43, Bracket D; 431, Screw H; 44, Bracket E; 45, Roller; 451, Bearing end cap A; 452, Screw I; 453, Bearing A; 46, Barrel; 461, Slider B; 462, U-shaped buckle; 463, Sliding arc plate; 51. Box C; 52. Seeding tube; 53. Shaft H; 531. Bushing J; 5321. Gear F1; 5322. Gear F2; 5323. Gear F3; 5324. Reversing gear F4; 5325. Gear F5; 533. Bushing K; 54. Shaft I; 541. Bushing L; 542. Bushing M; 544. Rack; 55. Shaft J; 56. Shaft K; 561. Bushing N; 562. Worm gear A; 563. Gear H; 564. Bushing O; 57. Shaft L; 571. Bushing P; 572. Worm A; 573. Nut F; 574. Handwheel A; 575. Bearing B; 6. Bracket F; 61. Bushing Q; 62. Soil covering plate; 63. Bolt G; 64. Bracket G; 7. Frame F; 71. Shaft M; 711. Bearing end cover B; 712. Bolt H; 713. Bushing R; 714. Nut G; 715. Pressure plate B; 716. Bolt I; 717. Washer E; 718. Bearing C; 719. Bushing S; 72. Housing B; 7201. Bearing D1; 7202. Bearing D2; 721. Sprocket D; 722. Bushing U; 723. Chain B; 724. 726. Bushing V; 73. Bushing F; 74. Shaft N; 75. Frame G; 76. Bushing W; 77. Push rod; 78. Stud; 79. Nut H; 70. Caster wheel; 71. Collection box; 72. Hose; 73. Pressure plate C; 74. Screw F; 75. Cross handle B; 76. Flip door; 76. Nut L; 76. Nut I; 76. Locking tongue; 8. Housing D; 81. Handwheel B; 811. Nut K; 812. Shaft O; 813. Bearing end cover C; 814. Screw L; 8151. Bearing E1; 8152. Bearing E2; 816. Worm B; 817. Worm wheel B; 82. Lead screw A; 8211. Thrust ball bearing B1; 8212. Thrust ball bearing B2; 822. Bolt K; 823. Threaded sleeve; 824. Pressure plate A; 825. Bearing housing; 8261. Thrust ball bearing A1; 8262. Thrust ball bearing A2; 827. Bolt L. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-27 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0025] Example 1, refer to Figure 1-27 In this embodiment, to address the problem that existing small-scale seeding devices cannot simultaneously meet the seeding needs of different crops (with different particle diameters), and the different requirements for seeding spacing and depth, this invention discloses a small-scale seeding device that adapts to seed particle size and has steplessly adjustable seeding spacing and depth. The device includes a front-end structure located at the front of the device. The front-end structure includes a frame F7, with adjustable casters 75 installed at the bottom front side. The top front side is fixedly connected to a housing D8, which contains a lifting mechanism. A frame B11 is located on one side of the frame, housing a motor 111 and a battery 112. A frame C12, penetrating the frame F7, is installed on the other side. Rotary tillers 14 are connected to the motor 111 via gear and belt transmission. A frame A1 is located at the rear of the frame F7, with frame B11 above it. A mudguard 131 is located on frame A1 near the rotary tillers 14. The seed-dispensing mechanism, located at the rear of the front structure, includes a frame D4. The frame D4 has an inverted U-shaped hollow bottom and a collection box 76. The upper part of the collection box 76 is connected to the bottom of the frame D4, and the lower part is connected to the hose 761. The top half is fixed to the bracket D43 by screws H431, and the other half is an inverted U-shape with the opening facing inward. The material cylinder 46 is set inside the bracket D43. The rear side of the frame D4 is connected to the push rod 74. The rear structure, located behind the seed-dropping mechanism, includes a housing A3, with shaft M71 passing through the housing A3. A speed-changing mechanism is installed on the housing A3. Shaft M71 is fixed to the frame F7. A press wheel 2 is installed at the bottom of the frame F7. Shafts N73 are installed on both sides of the press wheel 2. A frame G731 is installed between the two shafts N73. A bushing W732 is installed on the frame G731. The soil covering plate 62 is connected to the shaft N73. The front structure, the seed-dropping mechanism, and the rear structure are fixed together by bolts.

[0026] The lifting mechanism inside housing D8 includes a threaded sleeve 823 fixed by bolt K822. The threaded sleeve 823 is connected to a worm gear B817 via a thrust ball bearing B18211. Above the worm gear B817 is a thrust ball bearing B28212, and above that is a lead screw A82. Shaft 812 is located behind the threaded sleeve 823, with worms B816 at both ends that are compatible with the worm gear B817. One side of the worm gear B817 is fixed to the inside of housing D8 via bearing E28152. One side is fixed to the inside of the housing D8 by bearing E28152, and the outside is provided with bearing end cover C813 and fixed by screw L814. Handwheel B81 and the inner bearing E28152 are connected by a fixed shaft and fixed by nut K811. Universal wheel 75 and frame F7 are connected to pressure plate A824 by bearing seat 825. Universal wheel 75 is fixed by bolt L827. Thrust ball bearing A18261 and thrust ball bearing A28262 are arranged inside from bottom to top.

[0027] The rotary tiller blade 14 transmission mechanism, from bottom to top, includes gears B1230, A1229, and C1234. These are located inside the frame C12 via bushings E1233, C1224, and B1222, respectively. A pulley B1221 is positioned between gear C1234 and bushing B1222. Pulley B1221 is connected to pulley A1220 via belt 1227. The radius of pulley A1220 is smaller than that of pulley B1221. Pulley A1220 is located on the side of the inverted L-shaped plate where switch 113 is located via shaft B1226 and is controlled by motor 111. Switch 113 controls motor 111. The other side of gear B1230 is connected to bushing Z1232, with the rotary tiller blade 14 in the middle. Bearing A453 and shaft C1231 are mounted on the other side of bushing Z1232. The mudguard 131 is fixed to the side of the frame A1 by bolt B132. Bolt C133 and matching nut A134 are provided below bolt B132. A support plate 13 is provided on the side of the mudguard 131. The material cylinder 46 is fixed inside the bracket D43 by screws I452. The material cylinder 46 is outside the roller 45. The top of the material cylinder 46 is an end cap 42, which is fixed by screws D421. The top of the end cap 42 is provided with a funnel-shaped opening 423. The material cylinder 46 also includes 5 sliding arc plates 463, and each sliding arc plate 463 on one side of the funnel-shaped opening 423 is provided with a slider B461. The material cylinder 46 is provided with 5 U-shaped buckles 462, each U-shaped buckle 462 is adapted to slider B461. On the opposite side of the funnel-shaped opening 423, each sliding arc plate 463 is provided with an arc-shaped seed dropping plate, namely arc-shaped seed dropping plate A4251, arc-shaped seed dropping plate B4252, arc-shaped seed dropping plate C4253, arc-shaped seed dropping plate D4254, and arc-shaped seed dropping plate E4255. The arc-shaped seed dropping plate has an annular groove 4258 in the middle and a seed dropping groove 4256. The outer side has a rubber ring 4257 that matches it. The seed trough 4256 is conical with a taper of 7:10. The roller 45 has a round hole that matches the seed trough 4256. The bottom of the roller 45 has a telescopic cylinder that passes through the partition and is set inside the other half of the inverted U-shaped box of the frame D4. The inside of the roller 45 is equipped with an inclined plate 424. The collection box 76 includes a flip door 7623. A pressure plate C is installed on the flip door 7623 by screws F7621. 762, the cross handle B7622 is set on the pressure plate C762, the bottom side of the collection box 76 is connected to the hose 761, the collection box 76 has a nut I7625 and a locking tongue 7626 that are compatible with the cross handle B7622 inside, the inner wall slope of the collection box 76 is 1:1, 1:2, 5:6 and 5:6 respectively, the bottom plate slope is 3:40, and the bottom opening of the hose 761 is compatible with the box C51 on the rear side of the frame A1.

[0028] Shaft M71 has a bushing R713 on its outer ring. One side of the press wheel 2 passes through the frame F7 via bushing H222 and is connected to sprocket A221. The other side of the press wheel 2 is fixed by a washer B215, shaft E214, and nut B213. The other side of shaft M71 is also connected to sprocket D721. Sprocket A221 is the same as sprocket D721. Shaft M71 is fixed to the frame F7 via bearing end cap B711. The inner side of housing A3 is end cap C32. End cap C32 has four pairs of gaskets C322 and screws B323. An opening is provided in the middle of end cap C32, and a cross handle A325 is fixed to the left side of the opening. The cross handle C321 on the top of housing A3 is fixed by a nut E3211. A threaded drive disc 316 is provided on the outer side of housing A3. A slider A313 is located in the middle of the outer side of housing A3. A sprocket B31 is fixed by a shaft F311 and a nut C312. Four cross-shaped brackets C341 are provided on the front middle of the outer side of housing A3. A torsion spring B343 is provided on one side of bracket C341, and the other side of bracket C341 is fixed by a bolt E. 342 is a fixed tension sprocket 245. Sprocket C351 passes through roller 45. Chain A35 is sleeved on sprocket C351 and bracket C341. The bottom is connected to the outer sprocket of tension sprocket 245. Slider A313 locks slider 318 at the bottom. Slider B3102 passes through a notch and contacts end face ratchet A3101 on the inner side of sprocket B31. The inner side of housing A3 is a threaded locking disc 319. A lead screw B3322 is set in the middle of the threaded locking disc 319. Gear D33 is on the outside of lead screw B3322. Cross handle A325 is sleeved on gear E335 through shaft G324. Gear E335 and gear D33 are compatible. There are two lead screws B in the middle of housing A3. 3322, a toothed locking slider A332 is set above the lead screw B3322, and a toothed locking slider B3321 is set below it. The toothed locking slider A332 is connected to the outside of the housing A3 through the self-locking lead screw 333. The self-locking lead screw 333 is between the two lead screws B 3322. The other side of the toothed locking slider A332 is connected to the lead screw seat 3331 through the self-locking lead screw 333. The word "loose" is on the left side of the cross handle C321 and the word "lock" is on the right side. A threaded transmission disc 316 is set on the threaded locking disc 319. The lead screw B 3322 is connected to the housing A3 through the bearing F 3323.

[0029] There is a bracket F6 on shaft N73, and a bushing Q61 on bracket F6. Bracket G64 is vertically fixed below shaft N73 and the soil covering plate 62 is fixed by bolt G64 and nut G714.

[0030] Inside housing C51, at the top, is a shaft L57. Shaft L57 passes through the side of housing C51, and on its outer side, it is fixed to bearing B575 with nut F573. Handwheel A574 is mounted on bearing B575. Shaft L57 passes through bushing P571 and worm gear A572. Worm gear A572 is fitted to worm wheel A562 below. Bushing O564 passes through worm wheel A562 and is fixed in position by shaft K56. Gear H563 with a small cross-section is mounted on bushing O564 on the rear side of worm wheel A562. Bushing O564 is connected to seed tube 52. Bushings M542 and M542 are mounted on both sides of bushing O564. Gear F25322 is provided on the 42 and is adapted to the rack 544 on the side of the seeding tube 52. Gear F55325 adapted to gear H563 and gear F35323 adapted to reversing gear F45324 are respectively provided on the two bushings M542. Reversing gear F45324 and gear H563 are adapted to each other and are fixed by shaft J55. A seeding depth scale line is provided between the two racks 544. Gear F15321 is also provided on both sides of the rack 544 and is adapted to be symmetrically distributed on the bushing K533. The bushing K533 is outside the shaft H53. The rack 544 can move up and down.

[0031] The method of using this invention is as follows: Step 1: With the device in its initial state, rotate the cross handle B7622 to open the locking tongue 7626. Select the appropriate seed dropper 4256 according to the seed diameter, and then rotate the cross handle B7622 back to its original position.

[0032] Detailed implementation: In the initial state: all sliders B461 are in contact with all U-shaped buckles 462, and all sliders B461 are in a locked state; all arc-shaped seed dropping plates are located at the seed dropping opening 425 and are in an open state under the action of gravity; toothed locking sliders A332 and B3321 are simultaneously engaged with gear D33, and sprocket B31 and threaded transmission disc 316 are simultaneously in a locked state; the arrow on the cross handle B7622 points to the "closed" position on the pressure plate C762, and the flip door 7623 is in a closed state; the arrow on the box C51 points to the scale value "0" on the seeding tube 52, and the seeding tube 52 is in the highest position; the rotary tiller 14 is in a raised state.

[0033] Rotate the cross handle B7622 until the arrow on the cross handle B7622 is in the "open" position on the pressure plate C762. The locking tongue 7626 changes from the closed to the open position, and the flip door 7623 is pulled open. Based on the seed diameter, select a seed trough 4256 suitable for this sowing. A rubber ring 4257 is fitted onto the seed trough 4256. The rubber ring 4257 engages with the annular groove 4258 on the curved seed trough plate, fixing the seed trough 4256 within the groove of the curved seed trough plate. There are five curved seed trough plates: A4251, B4252, C4253, D4254, and E4255, arranged sequentially on the roller 45. This completes the selection of the seed trough 4256. Close the flip door 7623, rotate the cross handle B7622 until the arrow on the cross handle B7622 is in the "closed" position on the pressure plate C762, and the cross handle B7622 returns to its original position.

[0034] Step 2: Push the device forward to make the arc-shaped seed dropping plate rotate and close. Control whether the arc-shaped seed dropping plate rotates to drop seeds according to the amount of seeds to be dropped in a single batch, thus completing the setting of the amount of seeds to be dropped in a single batch.

[0035] Detailed Implementation: Pushing the device forward causes the arc-shaped seed-dropping plate to rotate and close (the outer surface of the arc-shaped seed-dropping plate is in contact with the inner surface of the material cylinder 46). The device has 5 U-shaped buckles 462, 5 sliders B461, and 5 sliding arc-shaped plates 463. Each sliding arc-shaped plate 463 can lock one arc-shaped seed-dropping plate. Flipping the U-shaped buckles 462 releases some of the locking of the sliders B461. The sliders B461 are fixedly connected to the sliding arc-shaped plates 463, which are located in the grooves on the material cylinder 46. Sliding the sliders B461 downward causes them to slide the sliding arc-shaped plates 463 to their limit position in the grooves on the material cylinder 46. The sliding arc-shaped plates 463 block the seed-dropping opening 425 on the material cylinder 46, preventing the corresponding arc-shaped seed-dropping plate from rotating and dropping seeds. Users can control whether the arc-shaped seed dropping plates A4251, B4252, C4253, D4254, and E4255 rotate to drop seeds during subsequent seeding processes, based on the single seeding amount required for crop sowing, thus completing the setting of the single seeding amount.

[0036] Step 3: Rotate the cross handle C321 to the "release" position to release the lock on gear D33 and release the lock on sprocket B31 by the locking slider 318. According to the crop planting spacing requirements, drive shaft G324 → gear E335 → gear D33 → threaded drive disc 316 to rotate through the cross handle A325 to complete the setting of the planting spacing. Rotate the cross handle C321 to the "lock" position to lock sprocket B.

[0037] Detailed implementation: Rotate the cross handle C321 to the "release" direction to the limit position. The rotation of the cross handle C321 drives the self-locking screw 333 to rotate. The self-locking screw 333 drives the toothed locking slider A332 to move closer to the cross handle C321. The threads in the threaded holes on both sides of the toothed locking slider A332 drive the screw B3322. There are two screws B3322 in total, neither of which has a self-locking function. Each screw B3322 has symmetrical threads with opposite directions of rotation at both ends. The rotation of the screw B3322 drives the toothed locking slider B3321 to move away from the cross handle C321. The toothed locking slider B3321 and the toothed locking slider A332 form a radial expansion motion, releasing the lock on the gear D33. Simultaneously, the annular protrusion on the threaded locking disc 319 separates from the upper stepped convex surfaces of the toothed locking sliders B3321 and A332 (the surfaces of the toothed locking sliders B3321 and A332 that contact the threaded locking disc 319 are in a two-step stepped shape). The spring A317 (always in a compressed state) pushes the threaded locking disc 319 (the threaded end face of the threaded locking disc 319 is nested in the pre-reserved threaded groove on the threaded transmission disc 316) towards the end cover C32. The annular protrusion on 319 contacts the lower stepped surfaces of the toothed locking sliders B3321 and A332 (the threaded end face of the threaded locking disc 319 is slightly lower than the bottom end of the thread on the threaded transmission disc 316). The spring B315 (always in a compressed state) pushes the locking slider 318 to the bottom end of the thread on the threaded transmission disc 316. The end face ratchet B3102 on the locking slider 318 separates from the end face ratchet A3101 on the sprocket B31, releasing the locking slider 318 from locking the sprocket B31.

[0038] The device consists of four sliders A313 and four sprockets B31. Each sprocket B31 is movably connected to its corresponding slider A313. Three of the four sprockets B31 are always engaged with chain A35, forming an approximate sprocket with an adjustable diameter. Based on the required crop planting spacing, the cross handle A325 drives the shaft G324 → gear E335 → gear D33 → threaded drive disc 316 to rotate. Simultaneously, the threaded drive disc 316 causes all sliders A313 to radially contract or expand within the grooves on the housing A3, adjusting the relative positions of the four sprockets B31 and changing the diameter of the approximate sprocket. The arrow on slider A313 moves to the corresponding scale value on the housing A3 (the corresponding scale value on the housing A3 is the actual planting spacing). When adjusting the planting spacing, the four sprockets (B31) contract or expand radially. The sprockets B31 on the tight side of the chain A35 rotate in opposite directions to the sprockets B31 on the loose side. The number of chain links between the two sprockets B31 increases or decreases as the distance between the sprockets B31 changes, preventing damage to the chain A35 during the adjustment of the planting spacing.

[0039] Rotate the cross handle C321 to the "lock" position to its limit, causing the toothed locking sliders A332 and B3321 to retract radially and return to their initial positions, thus completing the locking.

[0040] As toothed locking sliders A332 and B3321 reset, they simultaneously press against the annular protrusion on the end face of threaded locking disc 319, causing threaded locking disc 319 to reset. Threaded locking disc 319 then drives locking slider 318 to reset, relocking sprocket B31.

[0041] Step 4: According to the required sowing depth of the crop, rotate handwheel A574 → shaft L57 → worm A572 → worm wheel A562 → shaft K56 → gear H563 to rotate.

[0042] Detailed implementation method: 5. According to the required crop sowing depth, rotate handwheel A574 → shaft L57 → worm gear A572 → worm wheel A562 → shaft K56 → gear H563 to rotate. Gear H563 simultaneously drives gear F55325 and reversing gear F45324 to rotate. The reversing gear F45324 drives gear F35323 to rotate (the subsequent transmission of gears F35323 and F55325 is the same; only the structure of one side of gear F35323 is described below). The rotation of gear F35323 drives shaft I54 → gear F25322 to rotate. Gear F25322 drives rack 544, which is fixed to the sowing tube 52, to move downwards, causing the sowing tube 52 to move downwards (the sowing tube 52 is marked with graduations). The housing C51 is fixed to the frame F7. The arrow on housing C51 points to the graduation value on the sowing tube 52, indicating the sowing depth, thus achieving stepless adjustment of the sowing depth. (After the sowing depth is adjusted, the worm gear mechanism composed of worm A572 and worm wheel A562 self-locks to prevent changes in the sowing depth.) Gears F15321 and F25322 mesh with rack 544 simultaneously, which helps to stabilize the gear and rack transmission.

[0043] Step 5: Turn handwheel B81 to drive shaft O812 to rotate. As shaft O812 rotates, it drives the worm gears at both ends to rotate, completing all the adjustment work of the device.

[0044] Detailed implementation: Rotating handwheel B81 drives shaft O812 to rotate, and the rotation of shaft O812 simultaneously drives the worm gears at both ends to rotate (the mechanism on both sides of shaft O812 is symmetrical; only half of the structure is described below). The rotation of worm gear B816 drives the worm wheel B817, which in turn drives the lead screw A82 to rotate.

[0045] The lead screw A82 is rotatably connected to the universal wheel 75. The long threaded sleeve formed by the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 823 and the threaded hole on the frame F7 is threadedly engaged with the lead screw A82. The rotation of the lead screw A82 drives the frame F7 to rotate counterclockwise around the press wheel 2, lowering the rotary tiller 14 to the tillage position (the position where the frame F7 and the press plate A824 are completely in contact).

[0046] The threaded sleeve 823 is fixedly connected to the frame F7. The internal thread of the threaded sleeve 823 is coaxial with the threaded hole on the frame F7, which increases the contact area between the threaded hole on the frame F7 and the thread on the lead screw A (82), making the threaded transmission more stable.

[0047] After the rotary tiller blade 14 descends to the tillage position, the worm gear mechanism consisting of the worm B816 and the worm wheel B817 locks itself to prevent the position of the rotary tiller blade 14 from changing.

[0048] At this point, all adjustments to the device have been completed.

[0049] Step 6: Pour the seeds into the funnel-shaped opening, turn on the motor switch to loosen the soil, the mudguard prevents soil particles from splashing, and the chain A35 → sprocket C351 drives the roller 45 to rotate.

[0050] Detailed implementation: Pour the seeds into the funnel-shaped opening 423 on the end cap 42. Turn on the switch 113, and the motor 111 drives the pulley A1220 to rotate. The pulley A1220 → belt 1227 → pulley B1221 → gear C1234 → gear A1229 → gear B1230 → shaft C1231 drive the rotary tiller 14 to rotate, thereby loosening the soil.

[0051] A mudguard 131 is installed behind the rotary tiller blade 14. The mudguard 131 blocks soil particles that are splashed during rotary tillage, preventing soil particles from splashing and causing insufficient soil when covering. It also protects the device and the user from damage caused by splashing soil particles.

[0052] While the rotary tiller blade 14 loosens the soil, it generates a forward traction force, reducing the resistance to the device's movement. Only a small amount of manual thrust is needed to push the push rod 74 mounted on the frame D4 to move the device forward.

[0053] When the device moves forward, ground friction causes the press wheel 2 to rotate → shaft E214 → sprocket A221 → chain B723 → sprocket D721 → shaft M71 → housing A3 → an approximate sprocket composed of four sprockets B31 → chain A35 drives the tension sprocket 345 and sprocket C351 to rotate. As the tension sprocket 345 rotates, the support C341 always provides an upward tension force to the tension sprocket 345 through the torsion spring B343, thus tensioning the chain A35. The length of chain A35 is taken to approximate the length required when the sprocket is at its maximum (when the planting spacing is at its maximum). The tension sprocket 345 ensures that chain A35 is always under tension, preventing chain A35 from slipping off.

[0054] Chain A35 → sprocket C351 drives roller 45 to rotate. The rotation speed of roller 45 is only affected by the transmission ratio between press wheel 2 and roller 45, and is not affected by the forward speed of the device, thus ensuring the reliability of plant spacing.

[0055] The surface of the press roller 2 is evenly covered with hemispherical anti-slip protrusions to ensure that the press roller 2 has sufficient friction with the ground and prevent the press roller 2 from slipping on the ground, thereby further ensuring the reliability of the plant spacing.

[0056] Step 7: The seeds enter the seed dropping trough and are continuously brushed by the inclined plate 424 on the inner wall of the roller 45, causing the seeds to vibrate and spin inside the roller 45 to prevent the seeds from clogging the seed dropping trough. The seed dropping trough 4256 rotates to the seed dropping port on the material cylinder 46 and enters the collection box and then enters the sowing tube to complete the sowing. The soil covering plate 62 and the compaction wheel 2 are used to achieve soil covering and compaction.

[0057] Specific implementation method: The roller 45 drives the seed dropping groove 4256 to rotate along the inner wall of the material cylinder 46. When the seed dropping groove 4256 rotates to the bottom of the slope of the inclined plate 424, the seeds enter the seed dropping groove 4256 along the inclined plate 424.

[0058] The inclined plate 424 continuously brushes the inner wall of the roller 45, causing the seeds to vibrate and spin within the roller 45, preventing seeds from clogging the seed dropper 4256 and ensuring that only one seed can be stored in each seed dropper 4256. The inclined plate 424 is made of flexible material to prevent damage to the seeds.

[0059] When the seed-dropping trough 4256 rotates to the seed-dropping opening 425 on the feed cylinder 46, the feed cylinder 46 no longer restricts the rotation of the arc-shaped seed-dropping plate. Under gravity, the arc-shaped seed-dropping plate rotates clockwise to its limit position, and the seeds in the seed-dropping trough 4256 fall into the collection box 76 along the conical (7:10 taper) inner wall of the seed-dropping trough 4256. (The conical inner wall of the seed-dropping trough 4256 ensures successful seed dispensing.) The upper end of the flexible tube 761 is fixed to the collection box 76, and the lower end is connected to the sowing tube 52. The seeds in the collection box 76 are collected into the flexible tube 761 under the action of gravity (the slope of the inner wall of the collection box 76 is 1:1, 1:2, 5:6, 5:6, and the slope of the bottom plate is 3:40). The seeds slide down the flexible tube 761 into the sowing tube 52.

[0060] The end of the seeding tube 52 is V-shaped. The end of the seeding tube 52 pushes away the soil on both sides, and the seeds fall to the designated depth, thus completing the seeding process. At the same time, it can also reduce the forward resistance of the device.

[0061] The soil covering and compaction effects were achieved by using the soil covering plate 62 and the compaction wheel 2.

[0062] The device integrates soil loosening, sowing, and covering, greatly reducing labor intensity and improving sowing efficiency.

[0063] Step 8: After sowing is complete, turn off the switch and reset the entire device.

[0064] Specific implementation method: After sowing is completed, turn off switch 113, stop motor 111, and stop rotary tiller blade 14 from rotating.

[0065] Rotating handwheel B81 → shaft O812 → worm B816 → worm wheel B817 → lead screw A82 simultaneously achieves threaded transmission with threaded sleeve 823 and threaded hole on frame F7, driving the front end of the device to rise upwards, and the front end of the device returns to the initial position.

[0066] Rotating handwheel A574 → shaft L57 → worm A572 → worm wheel A562 → shaft K56 → gear H563 → reversing gear F45324 → gear F35323 → shaft I54 → gear F25322 → rack 544 drives the seeding tube 52 to move upward, and the seeding tube 52 returns to its initial position.

[0067] Move slider B461 to the top of the groove on the barrel 46, rotate the U-shaped retaining ring 462, and slider B461 will return to the locked state.

[0068] At this point, the entire device returns to its initial state.

[0069] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, principle and method of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small-scale seeding device that adapts to seed size and allows for stepless adjustment of planting spacing and depth, characterized in that: The device includes a front-end structure located at the front end of the device. The front-end structure includes a frame F (7), with a liftable caster wheel (75) installed at the bottom front side of the frame F (7). The top front side is fixedly connected to the housing D (8). The housing D (8) is equipped with a lifting mechanism. One side of the middle is a frame B (11), which contains a motor (111) and a battery (112). The other side of the middle is a frame C (12) that passes through the frame F (7). The rotary tiller (14) is connected to the motor (111) via gear transmission and belt transmission. The rear side of the frame F (7) is equipped with a frame A (1), which is above the frame B (11). The frame A (11) is equipped with a mudguard (131) near the rotary tiller (14). The seed-dispensing mechanism, located behind the front end structure, includes a frame D (4). The frame D (4) has an inverted U-shaped hollow bottom and a collection box (76) is provided. The upper part of the collection box (76) is connected to the bottom of the frame D (4), and the lower part is connected to a flexible hose (761). The top half is fixed to the bracket D (43) by screw H (431), and the other half is an inverted U-shape with the opening facing inward. The material cylinder (46) is located inside the bracket D (43). The rear side of the frame D (4) is connected to the push rod (74), and the material cylinder (46) is fixed to the bracket D (43) by screw I (452). 3) Inside, the material cylinder (46) is outside the roller (45). The top of the material cylinder (46) is an end cap (42), which is fixed by screw D (421). The top of the end cap (42) is provided with a funnel-shaped opening (423). The material cylinder (46) also includes 5 sliding arc plates (463), and each sliding arc plate (463) on one side of the funnel-shaped opening (423) is provided with a slider B (461). The material cylinder (46) is provided with 5 U-shaped buckles (462). Each U-shaped buckle (462) and slider B (461) 461) On the opposite side of the funnel-shaped opening (423), each sliding arc plate (463) is provided with an arc-shaped seed dropping plate, namely arc-shaped seed dropping plate A (4251), arc-shaped seed dropping plate B (4252), arc-shaped seed dropping plate C (4253), arc-shaped seed dropping plate D (4254), and arc-shaped seed dropping plate E (4255). The arc-shaped seed dropping plate has an annular groove (4258) in the middle, and the seed dropping groove (4256) has a rubber ring (4257) on the outside of it. The seed dropping groove (4256) is connected to the arc-shaped seed dropping plate through the rubber ring (4257). The annular groove (4258) on the seed plate is fitted with the seed dropping groove (4256), which is conical with a taper of 7:

10. The roller (45) has a round hole that matches the seed dropping groove (4256). The bottom of the roller (45) has a telescopic cylinder that passes through the partition and is set inside the other half of the inverted U-shaped box of the frame D (4). The roller (45) is equipped with an inclined plate (424). By adjusting the number of openings of the arc-shaped seed dropping plate, single or multiple seed sowing can be achieved. By changing the seed dropping groove (4256) on the arc-shaped seed dropping plate, sowing of seeds of different diameters can be achieved. The rear structure, located at the rear of the seed-dropping mechanism, includes a box A (3), a shaft M (71) passing through the box A (3), a speed-changing mechanism on the box A (3), the shaft M (71) being fixed on the frame F (7), a press wheel (2) being provided at the bottom of the frame F (7), shafts N (73) being installed on both sides of the press wheel (2), a frame G (731) being provided between the two shafts N (73), a bushing W (732) being provided on the frame G (731), and the shafts N (73) being connected to the soil covering plate (62); The front-end structure, the seed-dropping mechanism, and the rear-end structure are fixed together by bolts.

2. The small-scale sowing device according to claim 1, which adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth, is characterized in that... The lifting mechanism inside the housing D (8) includes a threaded sleeve (823) fixed by bolt K (822). The threaded sleeve (823) is connected to a worm gear B (817) via a thrust ball bearing B1 (8211). Above the worm gear B (817) is a thrust ball bearing B2 (8212), and above the thrust ball bearing B2 (8212) is a lead screw A (82). The shaft O (812) is located behind the threaded sleeve (823), and both ends have worms B (816) that are adapted to the worm gear B (817). One side of the worm gear B (817) is fixed to the housing D via a bearing E2 (8152). (8) The inner side is fixed to the inner side of the box body D (8) by bearing E2 (8152). The outer side is provided with bearing end cover C (813) and fixed by screw L (814). The handwheel B (81) and the inner bearing E2 (8152) are connected by a fixed shaft and fixed by nut K (811). The universal wheel (75) and the frame F (7) are connected by bearing seat (825) and pressure plate A (824). The universal wheel (75) is fixed by bolt L (827). The inside is provided with thrust ball bearing A1 (8261) and thrust ball bearing A2 (8262) from bottom to top.

3. The small-scale sowing device according to claim 1, which adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth, is characterized in that... The rotary tiller (14) transmission mechanism includes gear B (1230), gear A (1229), and gear C (1234) from bottom to top; they are respectively connected to the inner side of the frame C (12) via bushings E (1233), bushing C (1224), and bushing B (1222). A pulley B (1221) is provided between gear C (1234) and bushing B (1222). The pulley B (1221) is connected to pulley A (1220) via belt (1227). The radius of 220 is smaller than the radius of the pulley B (1221). The pulley A (1220) is located on the side of the inverted L-shaped plate where the switch (113) is located via shaft B (1226) and is controlled by the motor (111). The switch (113) controls the motor (111). The other side of the gear B (1230) is connected to the bushing Z (1232), with the rotary tiller (14) in the middle. The other side of the bushing Z (1232) is equipped with bearing A (453) and shaft C (1231).

4. The small-scale sowing device according to claim 1, which adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth, is characterized in that... The mudguard (131) is fixed to the side of the frame A (1) by bolt B (132) at the top. Bolt C (133) and a matching nut A (134) are provided below the bolt B (132). A support plate (13) is provided on the side of the mudguard (131).

5. The small-scale sowing device according to claim 1, which adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth, is characterized in that... The collection box (76) includes a flip door (7623) on the outside. A pressure plate C (762) is installed on the flip door (7623) by screw F (7621). A cross handle B (7622) is set on the pressure plate C (762). The bottom side of the collection box (76) is connected to a hose (761). The collection box (76) has a nut I (7625) and a human lock tongue (7626) that are compatible with the cross handle B (7622) inside. The slope of the inner wall of the collection box (76) is 1:1, 1:2, 5:6 and 5:6 respectively. The slope of the bottom plate is 3:

40. The bottom opening of the hose (761) is compatible with the box C (51) on the rear side of the frame A (1).

6. The small-scale sowing device according to claim 1, which adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth, is characterized in that... The shaft M (71) has a bushing R (713) on its outer ring. One side of the press wheel (2) passes through the frame F (7) and is connected to the sprocket A (221) via the bushing H (222). The other side of the press wheel (2) is fixed by the gasket B (215), the shaft E (214) and the nut B (213). The other side of the shaft M (71) is also connected to the sprocket D (721). The sprocket A (221) is the same as the sprocket D (721). The shaft M (71) is fixed to the frame F (7) via the bearing end cap B (711).

7. The small-scale sowing device according to claim 1, which adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth, is characterized in that... The inner side of the box A (3) is an end cap C (32). The end cap C (32) has four sets of two-by-two gaskets C (322) and screws B (323). The end cap C (32) has a through opening in the middle. The cross handle A (325) is fixed to the left side of the through opening. The cross handle C (321) on the top of the box A (3) is fixed by a nut E (3211). The outer side of the box A (3) is provided with a threaded drive disc (316). The middle position of the outer side of the box A (3) is provided with a slider A (313). The sprocket B (31) is fixed by a shaft F (311) and a nut C (312). The front middle of the outer side of the box A (3) is provided with four cross-shaped brackets C (341). One side of the bracket C (341) is provided with a torsion spring B (343). The other side of the bracket C (341) is fixed by a bolt E (342). Tensioning sprocket (245), sprocket C (351) passes through the roller (45), chain A (35) is sleeved on the sprocket C (351) and the bracket C (341), the bottom is connected to the outer sprocket of the tensioning sprocket (245), the bottom locking slider A (313) locks the slider (318) through the end face ratchet B (3102) through the notch and contacts the end face ratchet A (3101) on the inner side of the sprocket B (31), the inner side of the box A (3) is a threaded locking disc (319), the threaded locking disc (319) is provided with a lead screw B (3322) in the middle, the outside of the lead screw B (3322) is a gear D (33), the cross handle A (325) is sleeved with gear E (335) through shaft G (324), the gear E (335) and the gear D (33) are compatible, the middle of the box A (3) is two lead screws B ( 3322), a toothed locking slider A (332) is provided above the lead screw B (3322), and a toothed locking slider B (3321) is provided below it. The toothed locking slider A (332) is connected to the outside of the housing A (3) through a self-locking lead screw (333). The self-locking lead screw (333) is located between the two lead screws B (3322). The other side of the toothed locking slider A (332) is connected to the lead screw seat (3331) through the self-locking lead screw (333). The word "loose" is on the left side of the cross handle C (321), and the word "lock" is on the right side. A threaded transmission disc (316) is provided on the threaded locking disc (319). The lead screw B (3322) is connected to the housing A (3) through the bearing F (3323).

8. The small-scale seeding device according to claim 5, which adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable planting spacing and depth, is characterized in that... The shaft N (73) has a bracket F (6), the bracket F (6) has a bushing Q (61), and the bracket G (64) is vertically fixed below the shaft N (73) by bolt G (64) and nut G (714) to fix the soil cover plate (62).

9. The small-scale sowing device according to claim 5, which adapts to seed size and has steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth, is characterized in that... The housing C (51) has a shaft L (57) located on its upper interior. The shaft L (57) passes through the side of the housing C (51) and is fixed to the bearing B (575) by the nut F (573) on its outer side. A handwheel A (574) is located on the bearing B (575). The shaft L (57) has a bushing P (571) and a worm A (572) passing through its interior. The worm A (572) is fitted with a worm wheel A (562) below it. The bushing O (564) passes through the worm wheel A (562) and is fixed in position by the shaft K (56). A gear H (563) with a small cross-section is located on the bushing O (564) on the rear side of the worm wheel A (562). The bushing O (564) is connected to the seeding tube (52). Bushings M (542) are located on both sides of the bushing O (564). The bushing M (542) is provided with a gear F2 (5322) that is adapted to the rack (544) on the side of the seeding tube (52). The two bushings M (542) are also provided with a gear F5 (5325) adapted to the gear H (563) and a gear F3 (5323) adapted to the reversing gear F4 (5324). The reversing gear F4 (5324) and the gear H (563) are adapted to each other and fixed by the shaft J (55). The two racks (544) are provided with a seeding depth scale line in the middle. The racks (544) are also provided with gears F1 (5321) that are adapted to each other and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the racks (544) on the bushing K (533). The bushing K (533) is outside the shaft H (53). The racks (544) can move up and down.

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