Method for increasing yield of grape continuous cropping seedlings

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the yield of grape continuous cropping seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method specifically comprises the following steps that S1, continuous cropping plantlet planting soil remediation is conducted, specifically, before continuous cropping plantlets are planted, soil of planting land is remedied; s2, selection of resistant rootstocks and field planting of plantlets: selecting the resistant rootstocks to graft the detoxified plantlets, and performing field planting on the grafted plantlets. The biological fumigation, the biochar and the functional fungicide are jointly implemented in multiple aspects and jointly act on the soil for planting the grape continuous cropping seedlings, and the soil for planting the grape continuous cropping seedlings is subjected to targeted remediation firstly. The root system is dipped with the fungicide containing glomus intraradices, so that the phosphorus absorption can be improved, and the stress resistance can be improved. Through multi-time-dimension and multi-space-dimension intercropping nitrogen fixation and fertility increasing, weeds are inhibited, organic matter is supplemented, and nematodes can be trapped and killed through root exudates of vetiver grass. By releasing the neoseiulus barkeri, common grape tree pest red spiders can be effectively prevented and controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings after continuous planting. Background Art

[0002] Grape cultivation has a long history and a large distribution area. It is cultivated on a large scale all over the world. In recent years, the growth rate of grape cultivation area and yield in my country has been significantly higher than that of other fruit trees. The industrial layout has shifted to advantageous areas, and facility cultivation has developed rapidly in non-suitable areas. Generally, fruit farmers renovate vineyards by digging out old trees and replanting new seedlings. However, the method of digging out rats and replanting new seedlings will cause continuous cropping problems for grape seedlings, resulting in reduced yields. Therefore, continuous cropping problems have become a widespread and serious production problem. One of the main causes of continuous cropping problems is the change in the number and structure of rhizosphere soil microbial populations. After continuous cropping of grapes, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil has decreased significantly, and the number of fungi has increased significantly. Summary of the invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings in successive cropping; it can solve the problem of yield reduction caused by continuous cropping obstacles of grape seedlings in successive cropping.

[0004] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, more specifically, a method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings after continuous planting, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Soil restoration for continuous seedling planting: Before continuous seedling planting, the soil of the land to be planted should be restored;

[0006] S2. Selection of resistant rootstocks and planting of seedlings: Select resistant rootstocks for grafting virus-free seedlings, and plant the grafted seedlings;

[0007] S3. Intercropping and functional crop planting: intercropping can alleviate the obstacles of continuous planting of grape seedlings, and functional crops can be used to create functional plant barriers;

[0008] S4. Precise management of water and fertilizer application: precise management of water and fertilizer application at different stages after the grape seedlings are planted;

[0009] S5. Establishment of biological control system: control the natural enemies of grapes during their growth process, and spray plant-derived pesticides to prevent common grape diseases;

[0010] S6. Dynamic monitoring and real-time feedback: Dynamic monitoring of the soil where the grape seedlings are grown is carried out, as is dynamic monitoring of the growth of the grapes, with feedback on the monitoring results.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the soil remediation method is as follows: 3-6 months before planting, mustard is planted in the soil, and after the mustard matures, the mustard is crushed and turned into the soil, the soil is turned into the soil to a depth of 30 cm, and after turning into the soil, the film is covered and fermented for 15 days. After the fermentation is completed, 5 tons of decomposed sheep manure, 1 ton of crushed corn stalks and 200 kg of biochar are applied per mu and the soil is turned 40 cm deep and mixed. 7 days before planting, 5 kg of 10 8 CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis and 5×10 7 The compound fungus of Trichoderma sp. at 100 CFU / g and 50 kg humic acid were activated by watering after ditch application.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, when selecting the rootstock for grafting, when the purpose of resistance to phylloxera and nematodes is to be achieved, the SO4 rootstock is selected, and when the purpose of salt-alkali resistance is to be achieved, the 5BB rootstock is selected, and then the virus-free variety seedlings are grafted on the selected rootstock.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, when the seedlings are planted, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in a fungal agent containing Glomus intraradicus.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, during the intercropping of functional crops, dwarf leguminous plants are planted between the rows at the seedling stage of 1-2 years, with a planting distance of 30 cm. In the mature stage of 3 years, basil and mint are intercropped in spring, with a planting position of 50 cm away from the main trunk of the grapes. Green manure is interplanted in autumn and turned over the next year. At the same time, after the grapes are planted, vetiver hedges are planted 1.5 meters away from the vineyard.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S4, when implementing water and fertilizer application management, a compensating drip irrigation belt is installed with an installation spacing of 40 cm and a dripper flow rate of 2L / h to maintain the field water holding capacity of 70-80%; at the same time, during the budding period, 5 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 20-10-10 and 100 g of chelated iron are applied per mu, during the fruit swelling period, 8 kg of high-potassium fertilizer 15-5-30 and 3 kg of calcium-magnesium fertilizer are applied per mu, and after the grapes are picked, 5 kg of potassium sulfate and 2 liters of seaweed extract containing betaine are applied per mu.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S5, 50,000 Neoseiulus barkeri mites are released per mu every quarter, and 3 kg of lilacin granules are applied to the soil. At the same time, when preventing and controlling downy mildew, 500 times solution of 0.3% matrine aqueous solution is sprayed at the early stage of the disease, and when preventing powdery mildew, 1000 times solution of 5% eucalyptus soluble solution is sprayed.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S6, when dynamic monitoring is implemented, the content of various toxic substances, the content of nutrients in the soil, the current season's grape yield, and the yield of grapes in the previous season are monitored, and the above data are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the grape growth environment index, and the urgency of adjusting the grape growth soil and fertilization is determined by the growth environment index. The larger the growth environment index, the lower the urgency of adjusting the grape growth soil and fertilization. Conversely, the lower the urgency of adjusting the grape growth soil and fertilization.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Bio-fumigation, biochar, and functional bacterial agents are implemented in a multi-faceted manner and act together on the soil where grape seedlings are planted continuously. First, the soil where grape seedlings are planted continuously is targeted for repair. Dipping the roots into a bacterial agent containing Glomus intraradical can increase phosphorus absorption and enhance stress resistance. Through intercropping nitrogen fixation and fertilization in multiple time and space dimensions, weeds are suppressed and organic matter is supplemented, and nematodes can be killed by the root secretions of vetiver. The common grapevine pest red spider can be effectively controlled by releasing the New Seius barker mites. When implementing dynamic monitoring, the content of various toxic substances, the content of nutrients in the soil, the current season's grape yield, and the yield of the previous season's grapes will be monitored, and the above data will be comprehensively analyzed to obtain the grape growth environment index, and the growth environment index will be used to determine the current urgency of adjusting the grape growth soil and fertilization. The larger the growth environment index, the less urgent the need to adjust the grape growth soil and fertilization. Conversely, it means that the more urgent the need to adjust the grape growth soil and fertilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the method flow chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] The first step is to repair the soil by planting seedlings again: 3-6 months before planting, plant mustard in the soil. After the mustard matures, crush it and turn it into the soil. The soil is turned into the soil to a depth of 30 cm. After turning it into the soil, cover it with film and ferment it for 15 days. The isothiocyanate released by the mustard can kill nematodes and soil-borne pathogens. After fermentation, apply 5 tons of decomposed sheep manure, 1 ton of crushed corn stalks and 200 kg of biochar per mu and turn it 40 cm deep to mix. 7 days before planting, apply 5 kg of 10 8 CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis and 5×10 7The compound fungus of Trichoderma sp. at 100 CFU / g and 50 kg humic acid were activated by watering after ditch application.

[0023] The second step is the selection of resistant rootstocks and the planting of seedlings: when the purpose of resistance to root-knot aphids and nematodes is to be achieved, the SO4 rootstock is selected; when the purpose of salt-alkali tolerance is to be achieved, the 5BB rootstock is selected, and then the virus-free variety seedlings are grafted onto the selected rootstock. When planting, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in a fungal agent containing Glomus root fungus, which can effectively improve phosphorus absorption and stress resistance.

[0024] The third step is to plant intercrops and functional crops: During the 1-2 year seedling stage, plant dwarf legumes between the rows with a planting distance of 30 cm. This can effectively suppress weeds while fixing nitrogen and increasing fertilizer. During the 3-year mature stage, intercrop basil and mint in spring with a planting position 50 cm away from the main trunk of the grapes to repel thrips by releasing terpenes. Interplant green manure in autumn and turn over the soil the following year to replenish organic matter in the soil. At the same time, after the grapes are planted, plant vetiver hedges 1.5 meters away from the vineyard. The root secretions of vetiver hedges can kill nematodes.

[0025] The fourth step is precise management of water and fertilizer application: by installing compensating drip irrigation tapes with an installation interval of 40 cm and a dripper flow rate of 2L / h, the field water holding capacity is maintained at 70-80%; at the same time, during the budding period, 5 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 20-10-10 and 100 g of chelated iron are applied per mu; during the fruit swelling period, 8 kg of high-potassium fertilizer 15-5-30 and 3 kg of calcium-magnesium fertilizer are applied per mu; after the grapes are picked, 5 kg of potassium sulfate and 2 liters of seaweed extract containing betaine are applied per mu to enhance cold resistance.

[0026] The fifth step is to establish a biological control system: release 50,000 Neoseiulus pasteurii mites per mu every quarter to effectively control the common grape vine pest red spider, and apply 3 kg of lilacin granules to the soil. At the same time, when preventing downy mildew, spray 500 times solution of 0.3% matrine aqueous solution at the early stage of the disease, and when preventing powdery mildew, spray 1000 times solution of 5% eucalyptus soluble solution.

[0027] Step 6: Dynamic monitoring and real-time feedback: Dynamic monitoring is implemented on the soil where the grape seedlings are grown, and at the same time, dynamic monitoring is implemented on the growth of grapes, and feedback is implemented on the monitoring results. When implementing dynamic monitoring, the content of various toxic substances, the content of nutrients in the soil, the current season's grape yield, and the yield of grapes in the previous season are monitored, and the above data are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the grape growth environment index, and the growth environment index is used to determine the urgency of adjusting the grape growth soil and fertilization. The larger the growth environment index, the less urgent the need to adjust the grape growth soil and fertilization. Conversely, it means that the adjustment of the grape growth soil and fertilization is more urgent.

[0028] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings after continuous planting, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Soil restoration for continuous seedling planting: Before continuous seedling planting, the soil of the land to be planted should be restored; S2. Selection of resistant rootstocks and planting of seedlings: Select resistant rootstocks for grafting virus-free seedlings, and plant the grafted seedlings; S3. Intercropping and functional crop planting: intercropping can alleviate the obstacles of continuous planting of grape seedlings, and functional crops can be used to create functional plant barriers; S4. Precise management of water and fertilizer application: precise management of water and fertilizer application at different stages after the grape seedlings are planted; S5. Establishment of biological control system: control the natural enemies of grapes during their growth process, and spray plant-derived pesticides to prevent common grape diseases; S6. Dynamic monitoring and real-time feedback: Dynamic monitoring of the soil where the grape seedlings are grown is carried out, as is dynamic monitoring of the growth of the grapes, with feedback on the monitoring results.

2. The method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings from repeated planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the soil remediation method is as follows: 3-6 months before planting, mustard is planted in the soil, and after the mustard matures, the mustard is crushed and turned into the soil, the soil is turned into the soil to a depth of 30 cm, and after turning into the soil, the film is covered and fermented for 15 days. After the fermentation is completed, 5 tons of decomposed sheep manure, 1 ton of crushed corn stalks and 200 kg of biochar are applied per mu and the soil is turned 40 cm deep and mixed. 7 days before planting, 5 kg of 10 8 CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis and 5×10 7 The compound fungus of Trichoderma sp. at 100 CFU / g and 50 kg humic acid were activated by watering after ditch application.

3. The method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings after continuous planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when selecting the rootstock for grafting, when the purpose of resistance to phylloxera and nematodes is to be achieved, the SO4 rootstock is selected, and when the purpose of salt-alkali resistance is to be achieved, the 5BB rootstock is selected, and then the virus-free variety seedlings are grafted on the selected rootstock.

4. The method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings from repeated planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when the seedlings are planted, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in a fungal agent containing Glomus intraradicus.

5. The method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings after continuous planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, during the intercropping of functional crops, dwarf leguminous plants are planted between the rows at the seedling stage of 1-2 years, with a planting distance of 30 cm. In the mature stage of 3 years, basil and mint are intercropped in spring, with a planting position of 50 cm away from the main trunk of the grapes. Green manure is interplanted in autumn and turned over the next year. At the same time, after the grapes are planted, vetiver hedges are planted 1.5 meters away from the vineyard.

6. The method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings after continuous planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when implementing water and fertilizer application management, a compensating drip irrigation belt is installed with an installation spacing of 40 cm and a dripper flow rate of 2 L / h to maintain the field water holding capacity of 70-80%; at the same time, 5 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 20-10-10 and 100 g of chelated iron are applied per mu during the budding period, 8 kg of high-potassium fertilizer 15-5-30 and 3 kg of calcium-magnesium fertilizer are applied per mu during the fruit swelling period, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate and 2 liters of seaweed extract containing betaine are applied per mu after grape picking.

7. The method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings from repeated planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, 50,000 Neoseiulus barkeri mites are released per mu every quarter, and 3 kg of lilacin granules are applied to the soil. At the same time, when preventing and controlling downy mildew, 500 times of 0.3% matrine aqueous solution is sprayed at the early stage of the disease, and when preventing powdery mildew, 1000 times of 5% eucalyptol soluble solution is sprayed.

8. The method for increasing the yield of grape seedlings after continuous planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, when dynamic monitoring is implemented, the content of various toxic substances, the content of nutrients in the soil, the current season's grape yield, and the yield of grapes in the previous season are monitored, and the above data are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the grape growth environment index, and the urgency of adjusting the grape growth soil and fertilization is determined by the growth environment index. The larger the growth environment index, the lower the urgency of adjusting the grape growth soil and fertilization. Conversely, the lower the urgency of adjusting the grape growth soil and fertilization.

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