Near field communication device based on three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure. According to one specific embodiment, the near field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure comprises an antenna array and radiation unit, a radio frequency front end module and a control and processing unit. Wherein the antenna array and radiation unit comprises a grounding layer, a flexible PCB antenna and a chip integrated antenna, the flexible PCB antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the grounding layer, the chip integrated antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the flexible PCB antenna, and the grounding layer, the flexible PCB antenna and the chip integrated antenna are of a stacked three-dimensional structure; lCPs are added among the grounding layer, the flexible PCB antenna and the chip integrated antenna, so that coupling is reduced, and signal transmission delay and loss are reduced. The antenna array and radiation unit comprises a circuit mainboard, a microstrip antenna, a feed network and a phase control assembly. The microstrip antenna, the feed network and the phase control assembly are arranged on the circuit mainboard; the feed network comprises a power divider and a phase adjuster. The radio frequency front end module mainly comprises a radio frequency amplifier, a filter, a frequency mixer, a low noise amplifier and a PIN diode switch. The control and processing unit mainly comprises a main control chip, a storage module, a communication interface and a safety module. Wherein the main control chip is used for controlling a switch of the radio frequency front-end module, and the security module is used for encrypting and decrypting communication data to prevent information leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The disclosed embodiments relate to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a near-field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure, which is used to improve signal coverage, reduce power consumption and optimize device spatial layout. Background Art

[0002] Near field communication devices are short-range wireless communication devices based on radio frequency identification technology. At present, when using traditional near field communication devices, the following technical problems often occur:

[0003] First, traditional two-dimensional antennas usually have a unidirectional main lobe radiation, which has a limited coverage range. They are also sensitive to the relative position of the device, and rotation or tilt may cause signal attenuation or interruption.

[0004] Second, the magnetic field distribution of traditional two-dimensional antennas is limited by planar layout, with low coupling efficiency, poor frequency adaptability, and is easily affected by environmental factors and has weak anti-interference ability.

[0005] The information provided in the above background technology section is intended to help better understand the conceptual background of the present invention, and therefore may contain some existing prior art information that is not well known to ordinary technicians in the field in China. Summary of the invention

[0006] The content section of this disclosure is intended to summarize the key ideas in a concise manner, and these ideas will be elaborated in detail in the subsequent implementation details. The content section is not intended to define the core or indispensable features of the technical solution requested for protection, nor is it used to define the scope of the technical solution requested for protection. In several embodiments of the present disclosure, a near-field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure is proposed to solve one or more technical problems described in the background technology section.

[0007] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a near-field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure, which includes: an antenna array and a radiation unit, a radio frequency front-end module, and a control and processing unit, wherein the antenna array and the radiation unit include a ground layer, a flexible PCB antenna, and a chip integrated antenna, the flexible PCB antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the ground layer, and the chip integrated antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the flexible PCB antenna; the ground layer, the flexible PCB antenna, and the chip integrated antenna are stacked in a three-dimensional structure; LCP is added between the ground layer, the flexible PCB antenna, and the chip integrated antenna to reduce coupling, reduce signal transmission delay and loss. The radio frequency front-end module includes a radio frequency amplifier, a filter, a mixer, a low noise amplifier, and a PIN diode switch. The control and processing unit mainly includes a main control chip, a storage module, a communication interface, and a security module. Among them, the main control chip is used to control the switch of the radio frequency front-end module, and the security module is used to encrypt and decrypt communication data to prevent information leakage. The antenna array and the radiation unit include a circuit mainboard, a microstrip antenna, a feeding network, and a phase control component; the microstrip antenna, the feeding network, and the phase control component are arranged on the circuit mainboard; the feeding network includes a power divider and a phase adjuster.

[0008] Optionally, the RF front-end module in the above-mentioned near-field communication device includes a PIN diode switch. The PIN diode exhibits low impedance when forward biased, close to a short circuit, and exhibits high impedance when reverse biased, close to an open circuit. It can effectively control the signal path in the RF circuit and realize channel switching. The application of the PIN diode switch in the above-mentioned near-field communication device significantly reduces the physical size of the circuit and improves the integration.

[0009] Optionally, the NFC device further includes a security module, which ensures that only authorized devices can access the NFC device and the integrity of data through built-in encryption algorithms and access control policies, effectively preventing unauthorized access and data leakage.

[0010] The above-mentioned various embodiments of the present disclosure have the following beneficial effects: through the near-field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the applicability and robustness of the near-field communication device can be improved. Specifically, the reasons why the robustness and anti-interference performance of traditional near-field communication devices are poor are: the two-dimensional antenna of the traditional near-field communication device is usually limited by the area, resulting in a short communication distance and insufficient signal strength, and impedance matching is difficult in a dynamic environment, resulting in low communication efficiency; the two-dimensional antenna is a unidirectional main lobe radiation with limited coverage; it is sensitive to the relative position of the device, and rotation or tilt may cause signal attenuation or interruption. In addition, traditional two-dimensional antennas are usually narrow-band designs, have poor frequency adaptability, are easily affected by environmental factors, and have weak anti-interference capabilities.

[0011] Based on this, some embodiments of the present disclosure include a near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure, including: an antenna array and a radiation unit, a radio frequency front-end module, and a control and processing unit, wherein the antenna array and the radiation unit include a ground layer, a flexible PCB antenna, and a chip integrated antenna, wherein the flexible PCB antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the ground layer, and the chip integrated antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the flexible PCB antenna; the ground layer, the flexible PCB antenna, and the chip integrated antenna are stacked in a three-dimensional structure; LCP is added between the ground layer, the flexible PCB antenna, and the chip integrated antenna to reduce coupling, thereby reducing signal transmission delay and loss. The radio frequency front-end module of the near field communication device also includes a radio frequency amplifier, a filter, a mixer, a low noise amplifier, and a PIN diode switch. The control and processing unit mainly includes a main control chip, a storage module, a communication interface, and a security module. The main control chip is used to control the switch of the radio frequency front-end module, and the security module is used to encrypt and decrypt communication data to prevent information leakage. The antenna array and the radiation unit include a circuit board, a microstrip antenna, a feed network, and a phase control component. The microstrip antenna, the feed network, and the phase control component are arranged on the circuit board; the feed network includes a power divider and a phase adjuster. Thus, the near-field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure can improve the robustness and anti-interference of the near-field communication device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of a near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure according to the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of an antenna array and a radiation unit in a near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure according to the present disclosure; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will describe the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that although the diagrams show some specific implementation methods, the implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to the displayed forms, and the technical solutions covered therein may have various variations. These embodiments are provided to facilitate a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the substantive content of the present disclosure. It is particularly pointed out that the drawings and implementation cases involved in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of rights of the technical solutions.

[0047] In the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the terms "installation" and "coupling" should be understood broadly. For example, coupling can be permanent or detachable, or it can be manufactured as a whole; it can be mechanical coupling or electrical coupling; it can be direct coupling, or it can be indirectly coupled through an intermediate component, or it can even be interconnected inside two components. For those skilled in the art, the exact meaning of these terms in the present disclosure can be determined according to the specific scenario.

[0048] In addition, only the key parts related to the present disclosure are shown in the drawings. In the absence of contradiction, the various embodiments and features in the present disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0049] It should also be noted that the expressions "single", "several" and the like mentioned in the present disclosure are only used for examples and are not limiting expressions. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these expressions should be understood as "single or several" unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0050] Finally, the names of signals or data transmitted between multiple devices involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure are for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of these signals or data.

[0051] The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0052] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of a near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure according to the present disclosure. Figure 1 It includes a control and processing unit 1, a radio frequency front-end module 2, an antenna array and a radiation unit 3, a circuit main board 4, a microstrip antenna 9, a feeding network 10 and a phase control component 11.

[0053] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array and a radiation unit in a near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure according to the present disclosure, Figure 2 It includes a flexible PCB antenna 6, a ground layer 7, and a chip integrated antenna 8.

[0054] In some embodiments, a near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure may include: a control and processing unit 1, a radio frequency front-end module 2, and an antenna array and a radiation unit 4. The control and processing unit 1 may control a signal bus. The radio frequency front-end module 2 implements radio frequency signal transmission. The antenna array and the radiation unit 4 may include a circuit board 3, a microstrip antenna 9, a feed network 10, and a phase control component 11; the microstrip antenna 9, the feed network 10, and the phase control component 11 are arranged on the circuit board 3; the feed network 10 includes a power divider and a phase adjuster.

[0055] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the flexible PCB antenna 6 can be arranged on the upper layer of the ground layer 7. The chip integrated antenna 8 can be arranged on the upper layer of the flexible PCB antenna 6. The ground layer 7, the flexible PCB antenna 6, and the chip integrated antenna 8 are stacked in a three-dimensional structure; LCP is added between the ground layer 7, the flexible PCB antenna 6, and the chip integrated antenna 8 to reduce coupling, thereby reducing signal transmission delay and loss.

[0056] In some embodiments, the multi-layer stereoscopic coils of the three-dimensional antenna can expand the magnetic field distribution range and enhance the magnetic field strength in the near-field area; its three-dimensional structure can integrate a shielding layer to suppress external electromagnetic interference; expand the induction area and improve coupling efficiency.

[0057] Optionally, the three-dimensional antenna can still maintain effective coupling in a metal or liquid environment, and its broadband characteristics are compatible with different protocols.

[0058] Optionally, the NFC device may further include a PIN diode switch. In the RF front-end module, the PIN diode switch is used to select different signal paths and switch filters or antennas of different frequency bands. The signal is switched on and off by controlling its on and off states. When forward biased, it is in the on state, and the PIN diode presents low impedance, allowing the RF signal to pass. When reverse biased, it is in the off state, and the PIN diode presents high impedance, blocking the RF signal.

[0059] The above technical solution and its related contents serve as an inventive point of the embodiment of the present disclosure, which solves the problem of the background technology.

[0060] The technical problem mentioned is "The communication distance of traditional near-field communication devices is short and the signal strength is insufficient. In addition, impedance matching is difficult in a dynamic environment, resulting in low communication efficiency. The two-dimensional antenna has a unidirectional main lobe radiation and a limited coverage range. It is sensitive to the relative position of the device, and rotation or tilting may cause signal attenuation or interruption. In addition, traditional two-dimensional antennas are usually narrow-band designs with poor frequency adaptability, and are easily affected by environmental factors and have weak anti-interference capabilities." The factors that lead to the poor robustness and anti-interference capabilities of near-field communication devices are often as follows: limited by area and difficult impedance matching; unidirectional main lobe radiation, which is sensitive to the relative position of the device, further causing the near-field communication device to have poor robustness and anti-interference capabilities. If the above factors are resolved, the applicability of the near-field communication device can be improved.

[0061] In order to achieve this effect, the three-dimensional antenna in the near-field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure of some embodiments of the present disclosure adopts a stacked three-dimensional structure, which can achieve a larger effective radiation area in a smaller physical space; the three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional antenna can integrate a shielding layer, directionally isolate external electromagnetic noise, reduce the bit error rate, and reduce the shielding effect of the metal shell on the magnetic field, thereby improving the communication stability in metal equipment. The broadband characteristics of the three-dimensional structure can cover 13.56MHz (NFC standard frequency band) and higher frequency bands, and adapt to a variety of communication protocols; it can be embedded in curved surfaces, through holes, and multi-layer structures, and has strong spatial adaptability. In this way, the robustness and anti-interference of the near-field communication device can be improved.

[0062] In practice, the working modes of near-field communication devices based on three-dimensional RF antenna structures include active-passive hybrid mode and bidirectional full-duplex mode. It should be noted that in the active-passive hybrid mode, when the device acts as an active transmitter, it transmits a high-frequency magnetic field through a three-dimensional antenna array to provide energy to passive tags or receiving devices and transmit data. The phase and amplitude of each unit in the antenna array are dynamically adjusted through FPGA to focus the magnetic field energy to the target area. The PA output power is adjusted in real time according to the communication distance to optimize energy consumption.

[0063] When the device acts as a receiver, it captures the modulated signal reflected by the passive tag through a three-dimensional antenna without transmitting energy itself. Zero-bias Schottky diodes can be used to achieve high-sensitivity detection, and multiple ports of the three-dimensional antenna array can be independently demodulated to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. In two-way full-duplex mode, efficient spectrum utilization is achieved by using the same frequency band for simultaneous transmission and reception. In order to reduce the impact of self-interference, self-interference cancellation technologies in the airspace, RF domain, and digital domain are used. These technologies ensure the sensitivity of the receiver and achieve reliable signal transmission by increasing the airspace isolation between the transmitting and receiving antennas, reducing the power of the self-interference signal, and performing signal processing in the digital domain.

[0064] The above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure have the following beneficial effects: through the near-field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the robustness and anti-interference performance of the near-field communication device can be improved. Specifically, the reason for the poor robustness of general near-field communication devices is that traditional near-field communication devices mostly use planar antennas, which have limited radiation directions and coverage ranges, and are prone to signal attenuation due to slight changes in the device placement angle or distance, and are prone to signal reflection or absorption in complex environments, resulting in communication failure.

[0065] Based on this, some embodiments of the present disclosure include a near-field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure, including: an antenna array and a radiation unit, a radio frequency front-end module, and a control and processing unit. The antenna array and the radiation unit include a ground layer, a flexible PCB antenna, and a chip integrated antenna. The flexible PCB antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the ground layer, and the chip integrated antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the flexible PCB antenna. The ground layer, the flexible PCB antenna, and the chip integrated antenna are stacked in a three-dimensional structure. LCP is added between the ground layer, the flexible PCB antenna, and the chip integrated antenna to reduce coupling, thereby reducing signal transmission delay and loss.

[0066] The radio frequency front-end module of the near-field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure disclosed in the present invention mainly includes a radio frequency amplifier, a filter, a mixer, a low noise amplifier and a PIN diode switch. The PIN diode switch can effectively control the signal path in the radio frequency circuit to realize the switching of the channel. The above-mentioned control and processing unit mainly includes a main control chip, a storage module, a communication interface and a security module. The main control chip is used to control the switch of the radio frequency front-end module, and the security module is used to encrypt and decrypt communication data to prevent information leakage. The above-mentioned antenna array and radiation unit include a circuit mainboard, a microstrip antenna, a feeding network, and a phase control component; the above-mentioned microstrip antenna, the feeding network, and the phase control component are arranged on the above-mentioned circuit mainboard; the above-mentioned feeding network includes a power divider and a phase adjuster; the three-dimensional antenna realizes uniform radiation in multiple directions through a three-dimensional layout, avoiding the signal attenuation caused by the angle offset of the traditional planar antenna; its directional radiation characteristics can suppress the phase interference caused by the reflection of the signal through different paths, and reduce the bit error rate; it has good signal stability in a complex electromagnetic environment and is suitable for a variety of scenarios. Therefore, the near-field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure can improve the robustness and anti-interference of the near-field communication device.

[0067] The above specific implementation modes are only exemplary descriptions of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make appropriate adjustments, combinations, splits or substitutions according to actual needs, design conditions and other relevant factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution or optimization made within the scope of the core ideas and principles of the present invention shall be regarded as part of the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure, characterized in that: The near field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure includes: an antenna array and a radiation unit, a radio frequency front-end module and a control and processing unit. The control and processing module is the core of the near-field communication device, responsible for the control and data processing of the entire communication system. The RF front-end module is a bridge connecting the control and processing module and the antenna array and radiation unit. It is mainly responsible for converting the processed digital signal into a RF signal suitable for antenna transmission or reception, and performing necessary amplification and filtering to ensure the quality and integrity of the signal. The antenna array and radiation unit are important components of the near-field communication device, responsible for transmitting and receiving RF signals.

2. The antenna array and the radiation unit include a ground layer, a flexible PCB antenna and a chip integrated antenna. The flexible PCB antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the ground layer, and the chip integrated antenna is arranged on the upper layer of the flexible PCB antenna. The ground layer, the flexible PCB antenna and the chip integrated antenna are in a stacked three-dimensional structure. LCP is added between the ground layer, the flexible PCB antenna and the chip integrated antenna to reduce coupling, thereby reducing signal transmission delay and loss. The antenna array and the radiation unit include a circuit mainboard, a microstrip antenna, a feeding network, and a phase control component; the microstrip antenna, the feeding network, and the phase control component are arranged on the circuit mainboard; the feeding network includes a power divider and a phase adjuster.

3. The near field communication device based on the three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The RF front-end module mainly includes a RF amplifier, a filter, a mixer, a low-noise amplifier and a PIN diode switch.

4. The near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control and processing unit mainly includes a main control chip, a storage module, a communication interface and a security module. The main control chip is used to control the switch of the RF front-end module, and the security module is used to encrypt and decrypt communication data to prevent information leakage.

5. The near field communication device based on a three-dimensional radio frequency antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feeding network includes a power divider and a phase adjuster.

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