Potato planter single-port potato seed bowl precision seeding unit
By adopting a single-mouth seed bowl design and a shaking device in the potato planter, the problems of uneven planting, double planting, and missed planting have been solved, achieving high-precision seed planting and improving potato yield and quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUYUAN ZHIDE AGRI MASCH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
Smart Images
Figure CN119969023B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention provides a single-slot seed bowl-type precision planting unit for a potato planter, belonging to the field of mechanized equipment for the entire potato planting process. It is mainly used to precisely plant potato seeds at the bottom of the furrow opened by the furrow opener in the soil. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, traditional potato planters generally use a seed bowl structure, where the seed bowl is installed on an up-and-down conveyor belt and equipped with a shaking device. Potato planters suitable for field operations generally adopt a 4-row operation mode, with each row being a planting unit. Each planting unit typically has two rows of staggered seed bowls arranged along the width of the conveyor belt. During the planting process, after the seed tubers are scooped from the seed hopper, a shaking device located within the ring of the conveyor belt shakes off excess seed tubers from the seed tuber bowl as the conveyor belt moves upward, leaving only one seed tuber. When the seed tuber bowl moves downward after passing the highest point, the remaining seed tuber is thrown onto the back of the seed tuber bowl located in front of and below the direction of travel. Since there are guide tubes arranged vertically around the seed tuber bowl and parallel to the loose section of the ring conveyor belt in the length direction, and the guide tubes of the same planting unit are in an m-shape, the seed tubers supported on the back of the seed tuber bowl move downward with the conveyor belt under the guidance of the guide tubes. When it is close to the ground, the seed tubers supported on the back of the seed tuber bowl on the same conveyor belt are alternately planted in the center of the bottom of the furrow opened by the furrow opener under the guidance of the guide plate.
[0003] However, in traditional potato planters, the seed bowl with a central opening at the bottom, excluding the mounting base, typically has an outer edge composed of three arc segments: two arc segments with tangents perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting base, and one arc segment further away from the mounting base with tangents parallel to the mounting plane. These three arc segments are all relatively low relative to the center of the bowl's bottom, especially at the junction of the two arc segments perpendicular to the mounting plane and the one parallel to the mounting plane. Therefore, the seed potatoes supported on the back of the seed bowl are particularly prone to getting stuck at these two junctions during their descent. On the other hand, the two conveyor belts of the same planting unit are symmetrically set on both sides of the furrow opener. In order to accurately guide the potato seed supported on the back of the potato seed bowls on both sides to the center of the furrow bottom, the guide plate at the bottom of the M-shaped guide tube is generally set at the junction of the straight section and the bottom arc section on both sides of the M-shape, and is arranged in an inclined state of "higher on the side away from the center of the furrow bottom and lower on the side closer to the center of the furrow bottom" and "higher on the side closer to the bottom arc section of the M-shape and lower on the side away from the bottom arc section".
[0004] Therefore, potato seeds that land at the junction of the guide plate and the tuber at the bottom of the tuber will be planted directly into the furrow opened by the furrow opener without being guided by the guide plate. Potato seeds that land at the junction of the guide plate and the tuber will be guided by the guide plate and then planted into the furrow opened by the furrow opener. Because the guide plate is arranged in an inclined state with the side closer to the bottom arc segment of the M-shape higher and the side farther from the bottom arc segment lower, the potato seeds guided by the guide plate will be pushed backward a certain distance. Since the location of the potato seeds at a particular junction is random, the distance between a potato seed planted with the guide plate and the previous potato seed planted without the guide plate will be greater than the set distance, and the distance between a potato seed planted with the guide plate and the next potato seed planted without the guide plate will be less than the set distance, resulting in inconsistent plant spacing after planting.
[0005] Because the inner surface of the tuber is composed of two U-shapes formed by two straight lines and an inner semicircle, while the outer edge of the seed bowl is not composed of two straight lines and an outer semicircle, the outer edge of the seed bowl and the inner surface of the tuber do not completely match. Therefore, some smaller seed tubers, supported on the back of the seed bowl, will fall from the gap between the seed bowl and the tuber to the back of the seed bowl below as the tuber moves downward, resulting in double planting and missed planting.
[0006] Looking at the current state of the potato planting mechanization equipment industry, there is an urgent need for a potato planter with high planting precision, good plant spacing uniformity, and low replanting and missing planting rates to meet potato growers' requirements for planting accuracy. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a single-pot potato seed bowl-type precision planting unit for a potato planter that can overcome the problems existing in the current potato planting machinery, has high planting accuracy, good plant spacing uniformity, low replanting and missing planting rate, and is reliable in operation.
[0008] The technical solution includes a mounting frame, a seed hopper, a protective cover, a guide tube, a flow deflector, a conveying device, and a shaking device. The mounting frame is installed vertically on the frame of the potato planter. The seed hopper is mounted on the rear side of the mounting plate facing the direction of travel of the potato planter. A U-shaped protective cover is mounted on the front side of the mounting plate facing the direction of travel of the potato planter. An M-shaped guide tube is installed inside the protective cover, with its M-shaped opening facing the mounting plate of the mounting frame. The two M-shaped segments of the guide tube are symmetrically arranged relative to the furrow opener of the potato planter. The concave surface of the flow deflector is arc-shaped, and two flow deflectors are used. The guide plates are installed at the bottom of the M-shaped potato guide tube, respectively, at the intersection of the straight sections and the bottom arc section on both sides of the M-shape. The guide plates are arranged in an inclined manner: the side furrow opener furrow furrow away from the potato planter is higher, and the side furrow opener furrow closer to the potato planter is lower; the side closer to the bottom arc section of the M-shape is higher, and the side farther from the bottom arc section is lower. The conveying device includes a drive roller, a driven roller, a conveyor belt, and a single-mouth seed bowl. Both the drive roller and the driven roller are supported on a mounting frame, with the drive roller positioned above the driven roller. The same annular conveyor belt hangs on both the drive roller and the driven roller, with the slack section of the conveyor belt positioned relative to the tight section in the direction of the potato planter's movement. The front section of the conveyor belt is parallel to the tangential plane made by the two arc-shaped tops of the potato guide tube at the two ends of the M-shape. Two rows of protrusions are provided along the width of the conveyor belt on its annular inner surface. Multiple protrusions in each row are evenly arranged along the length of the conveyor belt, and the two rows of protrusions are staggered. The single-mouth seed bowl with a central opening at the bottom is bowl-shaped, with triangular teeth on its outer circumference. The radius of the outer circumference of the bowl is 2mm ± 1mm smaller than the radius of the inner arc of the M-shape of the potato guide tube. A mounting base is provided on one side of the outer edge of the single-mouth seed bowl, and the mounting plane of the mounting base is parallel to the axis of the single-mouth seed bowl. A groove is provided on the outer edge of the convex surface of the single-mouth seed bowl away from the mounting base. The plane of symmetry coincides with the plane of symmetry that passes through the center of the mounting base and is perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting base; two rows of single-mouth seed bowls are installed on the annular outer surface of the conveyor belt along the width direction of the conveyor belt, and multiple single-mouth seed bowls in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt. When the two rows of single-mouth seed bowls are staggered and run to the loose section, they are respectively located in the two arcs of the m-shape of the guide tube, and when each single-mouth seed bowl is in the tight section of the conveyor belt, the concave surface faces upward; the shaking device is installed on the mounting frame, the shaking device is located below the active roller of the conveyor device, inside the ring of the conveyor belt, and the two shaking wheels of the shaking device are respectively in contact with the two rows of protrusions on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt when it runs to the tight section.
[0009] Compared with existing technologies, this invention features a groove on the back of the single-mouth seed bowl. The seed potatoes remain within this groove during their descent, ensuring accurate positioning of each seed potato relative to the guide tube (the planting unit of the potato planter). The guide plate's movement of each seed potato is uniform as it descends to the bottom of the guide tube, guaranteeing precise planting at the bottom of the furrow. This significantly improves the uniformity of planting spacing, laying a solid foundation for increased potato yield and income. Furthermore, the outer edge of the single-mouth seed bowl perfectly matches the M-shaped inner arc of the guide tube, resulting in a uniform relative gap. Therefore, there is no problem of potato seeds falling through the gap between the single-mouth seed bowl and the guide tube, completely eliminating the occurrence of replanting or missing seeds. Because the outer circumference of the single-mouth seed bowl has triangular teeth, when the potato planter comes into contact with the guide tube due to vibration or conveyor belt shaking during the planting process, the contact area between the single-mouth seed bowl and the guide tube can be reduced, thereby greatly reducing the frictional resistance between the two. The talcum powder and dust that fall from the potato seeds during the planting process, as well as the dust raised by the potato planter, can pass through the tiny gap formed between the triangular teeth of the single-mouth seed bowl and the guide tube, ensuring the normal operation of the single-mouth seed bowl. Attached Figure Description
[0010] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the present invention;
[0011] Figure 2 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Axonometric view of the embodiment shown in another direction;
[0012] Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Axonometric view of the mounting bracket in the illustrated embodiment;
[0013] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 1 The illustrated embodiment shows an isometric view of the potato guide tube;
[0014] Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Axonometric view of the guide vane in the embodiment shown;
[0015] Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Axonometric view of the conveying device in the embodiment shown;
[0016] Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 6 The embodiment shown is an axonometric view of the concave surface of a single-mouthed potato seed bowl.
[0017] Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 6 The illustrated embodiment shows an axonometric view of the convex surface of a single-mouthed potato seed bowl. Detailed Implementation
[0018] 1. Mounting frame; 2. Mounting plate; 3. Seed hopper; 4. Protective cover; 5. Guide tube; 6. Flow guide plate; 7. Conveying device; 8. Driven roller; 9. Driven roller; 10. Conveyor belt; 11. Single-mouth seed bowl; 12. Mounting base; 13. Groove; 14. Shaking device.
[0019] exist Figures 1-8In the illustrated embodiment: the mounting frame 1 is mounted on the frame of the potato planter in the middle, and the mounting plate 11 of the mounting frame 1 is in a vertical state. The seed hopper 2 is mounted on the rear plate of the mounting plate 11 facing the forward direction of the potato planter, and a U-shaped protective cover 3 is mounted on the front plate of the mounting plate 11 facing the forward direction of the potato planter. The protective cover 3 is provided with an m-shaped potato guide tube 4. The m-shaped opening of the potato guide tube 4 faces the mounting plate 11 of the mounting frame 1, and the two m-shaped segments of the potato guide tube 4 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the furrow opener of the potato planter. The concave surface of the guide plate 5 is arc-shaped. Two guide plates 5 are respectively installed at the bottom of the m-shaped potato guide tube 4 and are located at the intersection of the straight section and the bottom arc section on both sides of the m-shape of the potato guide tube 4. The guide plates 5 are arranged in an inclined state with "the side away from the potato planter is high and the side closer to the potato planter is low" and "the side closer to the bottom arc section of the m-shape of the potato guide tube 4 is high and the side away from the bottom arc section is low", so as to accurately guide the potato seed supported on the back of the seed bowls on both sides to the center of the bottom of the furrow opened by the furrow opener. The driving roller 61 and driven roller 62 of the conveying device 6 are both supported on the mounting frame 1, with the driving roller 61 located above the driven roller 62. The same annular conveyor belt 63 is hung on the driving roller 61 and driven roller 62. The loose section of the conveyor belt 63 is located in front of the potato planter in the forward direction relative to the tight section, and the loose section of the conveyor belt 63 is parallel to the tangent plane made by the two arc-shaped tops of the potato guide tube 4 through the m-shape, so as to ensure that the relative position between the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 and the potato guide tube 4 remains unchanged when running on the loose section of the conveyor belt 63. Two rows of protrusions are provided on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt 63 along the width direction of the conveyor belt 63. Multiple protrusions in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt 63, and the two rows of protrusions are staggered. When the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64 runs upward with the tight section of the conveyor belt 63, the shaking device located in the annular shape of the conveyor belt 63 can shake off the excess potato seed in the single-mouth potato seed bowl 64. The single-mouth seed bowl 64 with a central opening at the bottom is bowl-shaped, and the outer circle of the bowl has triangular teeth to reduce the frictional resistance between it and the potato guide tube 4, and to facilitate the passage of dust and other contaminants, ensuring the normal operation of the single-mouth seed bowl. The outer circle radius of the bowl is 2mm±1mm smaller than the inner arc radius of the m-shaped potato guide tube 4, so the outer edge shape of the single-mouth seed bowl 64 perfectly matches the inner arc shape of the m-shaped potato guide tube 4. A mounting base 641 is provided on one side of the outer edge of the bowl-shaped single-mouth seed bowl 64, and the mounting plane of the mounting base 641 is parallel to the bowl-shaped axis of the single-mouth seed bowl 64. The convex surface of the single-mouth seed bowl 64 is provided with a groove 642 on the outer edge away from the mounting base 641. The symmetrical plane of the groove 642 of the single-mouth seed bowl 64 coincides with the symmetrical plane that passes through the center of the mounting base 641 and is perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting base 641, so that the seed potatoes supported on the back of the single-mouth seed bowl 64 can stay in the groove 642 of the single-mouth seed bowl 64 during the downward movement under the protection of the m-shaped inner arc surface of the potato guide tube 4.Two rows of single-mouth seed bowls 64 are mounted on the annular outer surface of the conveyor belt 63 along the width direction of the conveyor belt 63, and the multiple single-mouth seed bowls 64 in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt 63. When the two rows of single-mouth seed bowls 64 are in the loose section, they are respectively located within the two arcs of the m-shape of the potato guide tube 4, and when each single-mouth seed bowl 64 is in the tight section of the conveyor belt 63, the concave surface is facing upward, so as to facilitate the scooping of potato seeds from the seed hopper 2. The shaking device 7 is mounted on the mounting frame 1. The shaking device 7 is located below the drive roller 61 of the conveyor device 6, inside the annulus of the conveyor belt 63, and the two shaking wheels of the shaking device 7 respectively contact the two rows of protrusions on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt 63 when it is in the tight section, so as to shake off excess potato seeds in the single-mouth seed bowls 64.
[0020] Its working principle is as follows: Before planting, the potato planter first adds a sufficient amount of potato seeds to the seed hopper. When the potato planter drives the conveyor belt via the drive roller, the seed bowls installed on the conveyor belt alternately scoop out seeds from the seed hopper. Each seed bowl usually scoops out more than one seed at a time. However, because the inner annular surface of the conveyor belt has two rows of protrusions arranged along its width, and the two shaking wheels of the shaking device contact the two rows of protrusions on the inner surface of the conveyor belt when it reaches the tight section, as the seed bowls filled with seeds move upwards with the conveyor belt, the protrusions on the inner surface of the conveyor belt are continuously pushed up by the rolling elements, causing the conveyor belt and the seed bowls to vibrate. Excess seeds in the seed bowls are shaken off. When the seed bowls reach the highest point as the conveyor belt moves upwards to the tight section, the seeds are thrown diagonally upwards towards the loose section of the conveyor belt because the conveyor belt changes direction at the drive roller.
[0021] Because of the protective covers above and outside the seed tubes, the thrown seed tubers are protected and guided by the covers to fall onto the back of the single-mouth seed bowls below, in front of the running direction, and stop in the grooves set on the back of the single-mouth seed bowls. Because of the M-shaped seed tubes arranged vertically around the single-mouth seed bowls and parallel to the loose section of the annular conveyor belt in the length direction, the seed tubers supported in the grooves on the back of the single-mouth seed bowls move downward with the conveyor belt under the guidance of the seed tubes. When they approach the ground, the seed tubers supported in the grooves on the back of the single-mouth seed bowls on the same conveyor belt are alternately planted in the center of the bottom of the furrows opened by the furrow opener under the guidance of the guide plate.
[0022] Because the potato seeds supported on the back of the single-mouth seed bowl remain within the grooves on the back of the bowl, the position of each seed seed relative to the guide tube, i.e., the planting unit of the potato planter, is fixed. When descending to the bottom of the guide tube, the guide plate agitates each seed seed uniformly, ensuring precise placement at the bottom of the furrow. Since the outer edge of the single-mouth seed bowl perfectly matches the M-shaped inner arc of the guide tube, with a uniform gap, there is no issue of seed seeds falling through the gap between the single-mouth seed bowl and the guide tube. Because the single-mouth seed bowl has triangular teeth on its outer circumference, when the potato planter comes into contact with the guide tube due to vibration or conveyor belt shaking during the planting process, the contact area between the single-mouth seed bowl and the guide tube can be reduced, thereby reducing the frictional resistance between the two. In addition, talcum powder and dust falling from the seed during the planting process, as well as dust raised by the potato planter, can pass through the tiny gaps formed between the triangular teeth of the single-mouth seed bowl and the guide tube, so as not to hinder the normal operation of the single-mouth seed bowl.
Claims
1. A single-pot potato seed bowl precision planting unit for a potato planter, comprising a mounting frame (1), a seed hopper (2), a protective cover (3), a guide tube (4), a guide plate (5), a conveying device (6), and a shaking device (7), wherein the mounting frame (1) is mounted on the frame of the potato planter in the middle, and the mounting plate (11) of the mounting frame (1) is in a vertical state. The seed hopper (2) is mounted on the rear plate of the mounting plate (11) facing the forward direction of the potato planter. A U-shaped protective cover (3) is installed on the front plate of the planter in the forward direction. Inside the protective cover (3) is a potato guide tube (4) in an m-shape. The m-shaped opening of the potato guide tube (4) faces the mounting plate (11) of the mounting frame (1), and the two m-shaped sections of the potato guide tube (4) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the furrow opener of the potato planter. The concave surface of the guide plate (5) is arc-shaped. The two guide plates (5) are respectively installed at the bottom of the m-shaped potato guide tube (4) and are respectively located at the intersection of the straight section on both sides of the m-shape of the potato guide tube (4) and the bottom arc section. At this location, the guide plate (5) is arranged in an inclined state with "the side away from the potato planter furrow opener being higher and the side closer to the potato planter furrow opener being lower", and "the side closer to the m-shaped bottom arc section of the potato guide tube (4) being higher and the side away from the bottom arc section being lower"; the conveying device (6) includes a drive roller (61), a driven roller (62), a conveyor belt (63), and a single-mouth potato seed bowl (64), wherein the drive roller (61) and the driven roller (62) are both supported on the mounting frame (1), and the drive roller (61) is located above the driven roller (62). The same annular conveyor belt (63) is suspended on the moving roller (61) and the driven roller (62). The loose section of the conveyor belt (63) is located in front of the potato planter in the forward direction relative to the tight section, and the loose section of the conveyor belt (63) is parallel to the tangential plane made by the potato guide tube (4) through the two arc-shaped tops of the m-shape. Two rows of protrusions are provided on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt (63) along the width direction of the conveyor belt (63). Multiple protrusions in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt (63), and the two rows of protrusions are staggered. The feature is that: The single-mouth seed bowl (64) with a central opening at the bottom is bowl-shaped. The outer circle of the bowl has triangular teeth, and the radius of the outer circle is 2mm ± 1mm smaller than the radius of the inner arc of the m-shaped tube (4). A mounting base (641) is provided on one side of the outer edge of the bowl-shaped single-mouth seed bowl (64), and the mounting plane of the mounting base (641) is parallel to the axis of the bowl shape of the single-mouth seed bowl (64). The outer edge of the convex surface of the single-mouth seed bowl (64) away from the mounting base (641) has a groove (642). The symmetry plane of the groove (642) of the single-mouth seed bowl (64) coincides with the symmetry plane that passes through the center of the mounting base (641) and is perpendicular to the mounting plane of the mounting base (641). The annular outer surface of the conveyor belt (63) is along the... Two rows of single-mouth potato seed bowls (64) are installed along the width direction of the conveyor belt (63), and multiple single-mouth potato seed bowls (64) in each row are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conveyor belt (63). When the two rows of single-mouth potato seed bowls (64) are running to the loose section, they are respectively located in the two arcs of the m-shaped tube (4), and when each single-mouth potato seed bowl (64) is in the tight section of the conveyor belt (63), the concave surface is facing upward. The shaking device (7) is installed on the mounting frame (1). The shaking device (7) is located below the drive roller (61) of the conveyor device (6) and inside the ring of the conveyor belt (63). The two shaking wheels of the shaking device (7) respectively contact the two rows of protrusions on the annular inner surface of the conveyor belt (63) when it runs to the tight section.