Chemical removal device and method of harmful elements in tailings

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for chemically removing harmful elements in tailings, which comprises the following steps: S00: crushing the tailings by using a crusher, and adding the crushed tailings into a reaction kettle after screening by using a screen; S10: adding chemical reagents into the reaction kettle by using a reagent feeder, stirring the materials in the kettle by using the reaction kettle to make them fully mix, and sequentially reacting the tailings in an initial reaction cavity, an intermediate reaction cavity, a later reaction cavity and a terminal reaction cavity; S20: after the materials fully react in the reaction kettle, the solid-liquid mixture flows out of a discharge port to a solid-liquid separator, and the separated solid is further detected; and S30: treating the liquid separated from the solid in a purifier; the initial reaction cavity, the intermediate reaction cavity, the later reaction cavity and the terminal reaction cavity are sequentially reduced in diameter according to the tailings processing direction, which is helpful to increase the concentration of reactants in each cavity, so that the stirring effect can be improved in each cavity, and the reaction strength and efficiency are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tailings treatment technology, and in particular to a chemical removal device and method for harmful elements in tailings. Background Technology

[0002] Tailings are the residual materials produced after ore has been processed through crushing, beneficiation or smelting. They have a complex chemical composition and may contain toxic and harmful elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn).

[0003] The main chemical treatment methods for tailings include chemical leaching and chemical precipitation. Chemical leaching dissolves harmful elements in tailings into the leachate through chemical reactions, thereby achieving separation and removal. For example, acid leaching can effectively remove harmful metal elements from tailings, and alkaline leaching can effectively remove arsenic (As). Chemical precipitation removes harmful elements in tailings by adding chemical reagents to form insoluble precipitates. For example, adding sulfides or hydroxides to tailings can cause heavy metal ions to precipitate.

[0004] When using chemical removal methods to treat tailings, the process needs to be carried out in a reaction vessel, and stirring is required during the reaction to ensure a complete reaction. Conventional stirring methods result in low reaction efficiency between tailings particles and chemical reagents, leading to mediocre tailings treatment results. Therefore, a highly efficient device for the chemical removal of harmful elements from tailings is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a chemical removal device and method for harmful elements in tailings, which improves the chemical removal effect of harmful elements in tailings by increasing the reaction efficiency of tailings particles and chemical reagents in the reactor.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings, comprising, in sequence according to the tailings treatment direction, a crusher, a reaction vessel, a solid-liquid separator, and a purifier. The reaction vessel includes a detachably connected vessel body and a vessel cover. The vessel cover is also provided with a feeding port, in which a screen is installed. The vessel body is provided with a reaction chamber and a stirring assembly cooperating with the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is a four-step trapezoidal chamber, and three layers of partition plates are also provided within the reaction chamber. These three layers of partition plates divide the reaction chamber into an initial reaction chamber, an intermediate reaction chamber, a later reaction chamber, and a final reaction chamber according to the tailings treatment direction. The initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, and the later reaction chamber... The diameters of the initial reaction chamber and the final reaction chamber decrease sequentially according to the tailings processing direction; the stirring assembly includes a stirring motor and a stirring shaft coaxially arranged with the vessel body. The stirring motor is located on the top of the vessel cover to drive the stirring shaft to rotate. The stirring shaft is equipped with stirrers in sections that cooperate with the initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, the later reaction chamber, and the final reaction chamber; a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the vessel body, which is connected to the final reaction chamber, and a discharge valve is provided at the discharge port; a display controller is also provided on the vessel body, and the display controller is connected to the stirring motor, the reaction block, and the discharge valve.

[0008] The stirrer includes a stirring ring that mates with the stirring shaft. The stirring ring has several stirring blades fixedly mounted circumferentially. The stirring shaft and the stirring ring have mating fixing holes. During assembly, fixing pins are inserted into the fixing holes to fix the stirring ring onto the stirring shaft. The stirring shaft has a lower rotating part near the bottom of the vessel body and an upper rotating part near the top of the vessel body. The lower rotating part and the upper rotating part are rotatably connected to the stirring shaft.

[0009] It also includes four reaction blocks. The initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, the later reaction chamber, and the final reaction chamber have four connecting slots on the vessel body that mate with the four reaction blocks. The four connecting slots are evenly arranged along the axis of the vessel body. The reaction blocks are plugged into the connecting slots. Several ultrasonic generators are arranged on the side of the reaction block near the reaction chamber. The ultrasonic generators have a cavity frequency of 20-40kHz in the initial reaction chamber, 40-80kHz in the intermediate reaction chamber, 80-100kHz in the later reaction chamber, and 100-200kHz in the final reaction chamber.

[0010] It also includes a dosing device. The vessel body is provided with a main drug port and a secondary drug port that cooperate with the dosing device. The reaction block is also provided with several drug outlets on the side near the reaction chamber. The main drug port and the secondary drug port are connected to the drug outlets through a pre-set pipe in the vessel body. When adding drugs, the dosing device is connected to the main drug port and the secondary drug port.

[0011] To enable active adjustment of material flow, the partition plate includes a fixed plate and a movable plate. The fixed plate has a telescopic cavity that cooperates with the movable plate. When material needs to be discharged, the movable plate retracts into the telescopic cavity. The fixed plate is rotatably connected to the stirring shaft. A fixing block is fixedly provided at the bottom of the movable plate. The bottom of the initial reaction chamber, the intermediate reaction chamber, and the later reaction chamber are provided with fixing grooves that cooperate with the fixing block. During assembly, the fixing block is placed in the fixing groove.

[0012] A chemical removal method for harmful elements in tailings, using the removal device described above, mainly includes the following steps: S00: The tailings are crushed using a crusher, and the crushed tailings are screened and added to a reaction vessel; S10: Chemical agents are added to the reaction vessel using a dosing device, and the materials in the vessel are stirred to ensure thorough mixing. The tailings are reacted sequentially in the initial reaction chamber, intermediate reaction chamber, later reaction chamber, and final reaction chamber; S20: After the materials have fully reacted in the reaction vessel, the solid-liquid mixture flows out of the outlet to a solid-liquid separator, and the separated solids are further tested. If the results do not meet the standards, the process returns to step S10.

[0013] S30: The liquid after solid-liquid separation is processed in a purifier; in step S10, the concentration of chemical reagents added in each reaction chamber is precisely controlled by a display controller, and the intensity of sound waves is adjusted at the same time.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0015] (1) In this case, the reaction chamber is divided into an initial reaction chamber, an intermediate reaction chamber, a later reaction chamber and a final reaction chamber according to the four stages of chemical removal. This allows the tailings to be processed in chambers of different diameters at different reaction stages, thus better adapting to the reaction requirements of different stages. The four chambers are independent of each other, allowing for the establishment of differentiated reaction environments.

[0016] (2) By decreasing the diameter of the initial reaction chamber, intermediate reaction chamber, later reaction chamber and final reaction chamber in the direction of tailings treatment, it is helpful to increase the concentration of reactants in each chamber. The smaller diameter helps to increase the concentration of reactants, which can improve the stirring effect in each chamber and enhance the intensity and efficiency of the reaction. At the same time, the four-step structure with the partition plate can flexibly adjust the proportion of material in each chamber space and residence time, which is suitable for treating tailings with different mineral compositions.

[0017] (3) By applying ultrasound of different frequencies at different stages of the chemical reaction of tailings, the reaction effect can be improved. The specific frequency selection needs to be adjusted and optimized according to the properties of the tailings and the reaction conditions. By applying ultrasound reasonably, the leaching rate of tailings can be significantly improved, the reaction time can be reduced, and the reagent consumption can be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency and economy of tailings treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the reactor in a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor in a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction vessel in a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is an explosion diagram of the reaction vessel in a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion from another perspective of the reactor in a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction block structure;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the vessel;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a top-down view of the structure inside the vessel.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the moving plate retracts into the telescopic cavity;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the moving plate extends out of the telescopic cavity;

[0028] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the moving plate extends out of the telescopic cavity and closes;

[0029] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure from the bottom view when the movable plate extends out of the telescopic cavity and closes;

[0030] Figure 13This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stirrer before the stirring shaft is inserted;

[0031] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stirrer after the stirring shaft is inserted;

[0032] In the picture:

[0033] 1. Kettle body;

[0034] 101. Initial reaction chamber; 102. Intermediate reaction chamber; 103. Later reaction chamber; 104. Final reaction chamber;

[0035] 12. Stirring assembly; 121. Stirring motor; 122. Stirring shaft; 123. Stirrer; 1231. Stirring ring; 1232. Stirring blades; 124. Fixing hole; 125. Lower rotating part; 126. Upper rotating part;

[0036] 13. Divider plate; 131. Fixed plate; 132. Moving plate; 1311. Telescopic cavity; 1312. Fixed block;

[0037] 14. Connecting groove; 141. Connecting point;

[0038] 15. Main ingredient;

[0039] 16. Side medicine;

[0040] 17. Fixing groove;

[0041] 18. Discharge port;

[0042] 19. Display controller;

[0043] 2. Cauldron cover;

[0044] 21. Feed port;

[0045] 3. Reaction block;

[0046] 31. Ultrasonic generator; 32. Drug dispenser. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] When using chemical methods to remove harmful elements from tailings, the process mainly consists of four stages. The first stage is the initial stage, where the reaction rate is relatively fast due to the direct contact between the minerals on the tailings surface and the chemical agents. The second stage is the intermediate stage, where the minerals inside the tailings are gradually exposed and react with the chemical agents as the reaction progresses, leading to an accelerated reaction rate. The third stage is the later stage, where most of the easily reactive minerals in the tailings have been leached, and the reaction rate gradually decreases. The fourth stage is the final stage, where the reaction is nearing completion, and most of the target minerals in the tailings have been leached. In these four stages, the main factor affecting the tailings treatment efficiency is the contact and mixing effect between the tailings and the chemical agents. Therefore, by improving the stirring and mixing efficiency in the reaction vessel, the contact and mixing effect between the tailings and the chemical agents can be enhanced, thereby achieving a good removal effect of harmful elements from the tailings. This invention provides a chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings, which includes, in sequence according to the tailings treatment direction... The system comprises a crusher, a reaction vessel, a solid-liquid separator, and a purifier. First, the tailings are crushed to maximize their surface area in contact with the chemical reagents. Then, the tailings are fed into the reaction vessel for reaction. Next, the solid-liquid mixture after chemical removal is separated. Finally, the solid and liquid are collected and purified separately. The reaction vessel includes a detachably connected vessel body 1 and a vessel cover 2. The vessel cover 2 is also equipped with a feed port 21, which contains a screen. This allows for further screening when materials are added to the reaction vessel. Optionally, the bottom of the vessel body 1 is provided with a discharge port 18, which is connected to the final reaction chamber 104. The discharge port 18 is provided with a discharge valve. The vessel body 1 is provided with a reaction chamber and a stirring assembly 12 that cooperates with the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is a four-step trapezoidal chamber. The reaction chamber is also provided with three-layer partition plates 13. According to the four stages of chemical removal mentioned above, the three-layer partition plates 13 divide the reaction chamber into an initial reaction chamber 101, an intermediate reaction chamber 102, a later reaction chamber 103, and a final reaction chamber 104 according to the tailings treatment direction.The initial reaction chamber 101, intermediate reaction chamber 102, later reaction chamber 103, and final reaction chamber 104 have decreasing diameters in the direction of tailings treatment. This allows tailings to be processed in chambers of different diameters at different reaction stages, thus better adapting to the reaction requirements at different stages. Specifically, the initial reaction chamber 101, intermediate reaction chamber 102, later reaction chamber 103, and final reaction chamber 104 are designed in series, with each chamber operating independently. This allows for the establishment of differentiated reaction environments (each chamber can independently control parameters such as temperature and reagent dosage; the temperature control components are not shown in the attached diagram, but under the structure of the reactor described above, no creative effort is required to configure temperature control components for each chamber individually, which will not be elaborated here). For example, the initial reaction chamber 101, due to its... A larger diameter provides more space, allowing tailings to fully contact with chemical reagents, promoting the initial reaction and facilitating rapid acid / alkali leaching. In subsequent chambers, the decreasing diameter helps increase the concentration of reactants chamber by chamber, while smaller diameters further enhance reactant concentration. This improves the stirring effect chamber by chamber, increasing the intensity and efficiency of the reaction. Simultaneously, the intermediate reaction chamber 102 allows for pH gradient adjustment, the later reaction chamber 103 contains selective precipitants, and the final reaction chamber 104 (small diameter chamber) completes deep purification. Furthermore, the partition plate 13 effectively suppresses back-mixing of materials at different reaction stages. This structure reduces the back-mixing coefficient to less than 1 / 5 of that of traditional stirred tank reactors, ensuring the sequential nature of the reaction process at each stage.

[0049] During the reaction of tailings and chemical reagents, it is necessary to add chemicals and thoroughly stir. Preferably, the stirring assembly 12 includes a stirring motor 121 and a stirring shaft 122 coaxially arranged with the vessel body 1. The stirring motor 121 is located on the top of the vessel cover 2 to drive the stirring shaft 122 to rotate. The stirring shaft 122 is segmented with stirrers 123 that cooperate with the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, the later reaction chamber 103, and the final reaction chamber 104. For easy assembly, the stirrer 123 includes a stirring ring 1231 that cooperates with the stirring shaft 122. The stirring ring 1231 is fixed circumferentially. Several stirring blades 1232, stirring shaft 122 and stirring ring 1231 are provided with matching fixing holes 124. During assembly, fixing pins are inserted into the fixing holes 124 to fix the stirring ring 1231 to the stirring shaft 122. In order to ensure the stability during rotation, the stirring shaft 122 is provided with a lower rotating part 125 near the bottom of the vessel body 1 and an upper rotating part 126 near the top of the vessel body 1. The lower rotating part 125 and the upper rotating part 126 are rotatably connected to the stirring shaft 122. In this way, the stirring motor 121 drives the stirring shaft 122 to rotate and stir and mix the materials in each chamber.

[0050] It also includes a dosing device. The vessel body 1 is equipped with a main dosing port 15 and a secondary dosing port 16 that cooperate with the dosing device. In order to dosing each chamber individually, it also includes four reaction blocks 3. The initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, the later reaction chamber 103 and the final reaction chamber 104 are provided with four connecting grooves 14 on the vessel body 1 that cooperate with the four reaction blocks 3. The four connecting grooves 14 are evenly arranged along the axis of the vessel body 1. The reaction blocks 3 and the connecting grooves 14 are plugged into each other. Several dispensing devices 32 are also provided on the side of the reaction block 3 near the reaction chamber. The main dosing port 15 and the secondary dosing port 16 are connected to the dispensing devices 32 through a pre-set pipe inside the vessel body 1 (the connecting pipe is not shown in the figure because it is pre-set inside the vessel body). When adding drugs, the dosing device is connected to the main dosing port 15 and the secondary dosing port 16. In order to accurately control the reaction process of the reactor, a display controller 19 is also provided on the vessel body 1. The display controller 19 is connected to the stirring motor 121, the reaction blocks 3 and the discharge valve.

[0051] To control the flow of reactants in each chamber, the partition plate 13 includes a fixed plate 131 and a movable plate 132. The fixed plate 131 has a telescopic cavity 1311 that cooperates with the movable plate 132. When material needs to be discharged, the movable plate 132 retracts into the telescopic cavity 1311, allowing the material to flow from one chamber to the next. When processing is required in a specific chamber, the movable plate 132 extends out of the telescopic cavity 1311 to close the corresponding chamber. This not only allows for flexible adjustment of the reaction conditions within the chambers but also increases the reaction time of the material within the chambers, thereby improving the reaction efficiency. To prevent the rotation of the stirring shaft 122 from affecting the partition plate 13, the fixed plate 131 and the stirring shaft 122 are rotatably connected (a proper seal is required here, and the same applies to other places that require sealing). A fixing block 1312 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the moving plate 132. The bottom of the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102 and the later reaction chamber 103 are provided with fixing grooves 17 that cooperate with the fixing block 1312. During assembly, the fixing block 1312 is placed in the fixing groove 17. In this way, the stirring shaft 122 will not drive the partition plate 13 to rotate while rotating, so that the partition plate 13 can operate normally.

[0052] It should be further explained that the above-mentioned reactor adopts a modular design. During assembly, the reaction block 3 is first inserted into the reactor body 1, and then the dosing device is connected. The dosing device 32 and the ultrasonic generator 31 on the reaction block 3 are tested to see if they can work properly. In order to facilitate the connection with the reaction block 3, a connection point 141 is also provided in the connection groove 14 to supply power to the dosing device 32 and the ultrasonic generator 31. Then, the lower rotating part 125 is fixed to the bottom of the reactor body 1, and the stirring shaft 122 is installed into the reaction chamber and rotated to connect with the lower rotating part 125. Then, the stirrer 123 that cooperates with the final reaction chamber 104 is inserted into the stirring shaft 122 and fixed. Then, the corresponding parts are installed. The first layer of partition plate 13 is followed by the subsequent reaction chamber 103, intermediate reaction chamber 102, and initial reaction chamber 101, which are assembled layer by layer in descending order (from small to large diameter). To facilitate assembly, the diameter of the stirring shaft 122 is matched with each chamber, and the diameter decreases from high to low. Finally, the rotating part 126 is installed on the top of the stirring shaft. Finally, the vessel body 1 and the vessel cover 2 are connected, and the stirring motor 121 that matches the stirring shaft 122 is installed on the vessel cover 2. This structure allows each part of the reactor to be inspected and replaced independently, improving the maintenance efficiency by 40% compared with the traditional integral reactor, and is particularly suitable for working environments containing corrosive reagents.

[0053] Preferably, in order to further improve the reaction effect in each chamber, the cavitation effect of ultrasound can be used to destroy the surface structure of tailings particles, increase the specific surface area, and promote the contact between chemical agents and minerals. Several ultrasonic generators 31 are set on the side of the reaction block 3 near the reaction chamber. The frequency of the ultrasonic generators 31 in the initial reaction chamber 101 is 20-40kHz. The minerals in the tailings begin to contact and react with the chemical agents. The reaction rate is fast and the energy is large, which can effectively destroy the surface structure of the minerals.

[0054] The ultrasonic generator 31 has a cavity frequency of 40-80kHz in the intermediate reaction chamber 102. The minerals inside the tailings are gradually exposed and react with chemical reagents. The reaction rate may be accelerated due to the crushing of mineral particles and the exposure of new surfaces. Ultrasonic waves can further promote the crushing and dispersion of minerals and enhance the diffusion rate of chemical reagents.

[0055] In the later stage of the reaction chamber 103, the frequency of the ultrasonic generator 31 is 80-100kHz. Most of the easily reactive minerals in the tailings have been leached out, and the reaction rate gradually decreases. At this time, the main limiting factors may be the diffusion resistance of chemical reagents or the solubility of minerals. Ultrasonic waves can continue to promote the diffusion of chemical reagents, reduce diffusion resistance, and improve reaction efficiency.

[0056] The ultrasonic generator 31 operates at a frequency of 100-200kHz in the final reaction chamber 104. The reaction is nearing completion, and most of the target minerals in the tailings have been leached. The remaining minerals may be difficult to leach further due to low solubility or insufficient reaction conditions. At this point, high-frequency ultrasonic waves can continue to act on the remaining minerals, breaking down their structure and further improving the leaching rate, thus acting on the remaining minerals more effectively.

[0057] As a further improvement, based on the above scheme, in order to ensure that the ultrasonic generator 31 in each chamber is adjusted to the optimal cavity frequency and the dosing agent 32 has the optimal dosage during the chemical treatment process in the reactor, a sampling port (with a filter screen to allow solids smaller than a certain filter element to pass through) can be set in each reaction chamber. Each sampling port is connected to an automated weighing and drying device. The automated weighing and drying device is used to dry the sample after pumping in a predetermined volume of sample, then weigh it, and calculate the particle size of the solids and the content of harmful elements in the sample. This is because the degree of breakage of the tailings in the ultrasonic waves and the dosage concentration directly affect the leaching efficiency of harmful elements. This invention, through the setting of the automated weighing and drying device, can quickly obtain the degree of breakage and the content of harmful elements in the tailings during the reaction process, thereby achieving precise control of the ultrasonic generator 31 and the dosing agent 32. For example, during the reaction process in the initial reaction chamber 101, the particle size of the solid and the content of harmful elements can be tested in multiple stages to determine whether the reaction is proceeding normally according to the empirical model. If so, the reaction is considered to be proceeding normally; otherwise, the reaction is considered abnormal. Specifically, if the leaching rate is low due to the large particle size of the solid, the frequency or processing time of the ultrasonic generator 31 should be increased. If the particle size of the solid is sufficient, but the dosage is insufficient, resulting in incomplete reaction between the tailings and the chemical reagent, the dosage of the discharge device 32 should be increased. The empirical model can be obtained by compiling specific empirical parameters in the actual reaction process, which will not be elaborated here. Furthermore, it can also include: after increasing the dosage of the discharge device 32 or the frequency and processing time of the ultrasonic generator 31, further sampling can be performed to obtain the content of harmful elements in the solid. The content of harmful elements in the solid can be determined to be within the preset threshold of the empirical model. If so, the reaction is considered to be proceeding normally; otherwise, the reaction is considered abnormal, and an alarm can be triggered to determine if the dosage or raw material is abnormal. The advantage of this is that it can greatly reduce raw material waste, stop losses in time, and effectively improve efficiency. Furthermore, it also includes a cleaning device for powerfully cleaning the automated weighing and drying device after use.

[0058] In summary, applying ultrasound at different frequencies at different stages of the tailings chemical reaction can improve the reaction effect. The specific frequency selection needs to be adjusted and optimized according to the properties of the tailings and the reaction conditions. By applying ultrasound appropriately, the leaching rate of tailings can be significantly improved, the reaction time can be reduced, and the reagent consumption can be decreased, thereby improving the efficiency and economy of tailings treatment.

[0059] A chemical removal method for harmful elements in tailings, utilizing the aforementioned chemical removal device, mainly includes the following steps: S00: The tailings are crushed using a crusher, and the crushed tailings are screened and added to a reaction vessel; S10: Chemical agents are added to the reaction vessel using a dosing device, and the materials in the vessel are stirred to ensure thorough mixing. The tailings are reacted sequentially in the initial reaction chamber 101, the intermediate reaction chamber 102, the later reaction chamber 103, and the final reaction chamber 104; S20: After the materials have fully reacted in the reaction vessel, the solid-liquid mixture flows out from the discharge port 18 to a solid-liquid separator, and the separated solids are further tested. If the results do not meet the standards, the process returns to step S10; S30: The liquid after solid-liquid separation is treated in a purifier.

[0060] Preferably, in step S10, the concentration of chemical reagents added in each reaction chamber is precisely controlled by the display controller 19, and the intensity of the sound wave is adjusted at the same time.

[0061] This invention has been described through preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein; other embodiments falling within the scope of the claims are also within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings, comprising, in sequence according to the tailings treatment direction, a crusher, a reaction vessel, a solid-liquid separator, and a purifier, characterized in that: The reactor includes a detachably connected reactor body (1) and reactor cover (2). The reactor body (1) is provided with a reaction chamber and a stirring assembly (12) that cooperates with the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is a four-step trapezoidal chamber. The reaction chamber is also provided with three layers of partition plates (13). The three layers of partition plates (13) divide the reaction chamber into an initial reaction chamber (101), an intermediate reaction chamber (102), a later reaction chamber (103), and a final reaction chamber (104) according to the tailings treatment direction. The diameters of the initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102), the later reaction chamber (103), and the final reaction chamber (104) decrease sequentially according to the tailings treatment direction. The stirring assembly (12) includes a stirring motor (121) and a stirring shaft (122) coaxially arranged with the vessel body (1). The stirring motor (121) is located on the top of the vessel cover (2) to drive the stirring shaft (122) to rotate. The stirring shaft (122) is provided with stirrers (123) in sections that cooperate with the initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102), the later reaction chamber (103), and the final reaction chamber (104).

2. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirrer (123) includes a stirring ring (1231) that cooperates with the stirring shaft (122). The stirring ring (1231) has a plurality of stirring blades (1232) fixedly mounted in the circumferential direction. The stirring shaft (122) and the stirring ring (1231) are provided with matching fixing holes (124). During assembly, fixing pins are inserted into the fixing holes (124) to fix the stirring ring (1231) on the stirring shaft (122).

3. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stirring shaft (122) has a lower rotating part (125) near the bottom of the vessel body (1) and an upper rotating part (126) near the top of the vessel body (1). The lower rotating part (125) and the upper rotating part (126) are rotatably connected to the stirring shaft (122).

4. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes four reaction blocks (3). The initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102), the later reaction chamber (103), and the final reaction chamber (104) have four connecting slots (14) on the vessel body (1) that cooperate with the four reaction blocks (3). The four connecting slots (14) are evenly arranged along the axis of the vessel body (1). The reaction blocks (3) are plugged into the connecting slots (14). Several ultrasonic generators (31) are arranged on the side of the reaction block (3) near the reaction chamber. The frequency of the ultrasonic generators (31) in the initial reaction chamber (101) is 20-40 kHz, the frequency of the ultrasonic generators (31) in the intermediate reaction chamber (102) is 40-80 kHz, and the frequency of the ultrasonic generators (31) in the later reaction chamber (103) is 80-100 kHz. The ultrasonic generator (31) has a cavity frequency of 100-200 kHz in the terminal reaction chamber (104).

5. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a dosing device. The vessel body (1) is provided with a main drug port (15) and a secondary drug port (16) that cooperate with the dosing device. The reaction block (3) is also provided with several dispensing devices (32) on the side near the reaction chamber. The main drug port (15) and the secondary drug port (16) are connected to the dispensing device (32) through a pre-set pipe in the vessel body (1). When adding drugs, the dosing device is connected to the main drug port (15) and the secondary drug port (16).

6. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The partition plate (13) includes a fixed plate (131) and a movable plate (132). The fixed plate (131) is provided with a telescopic cavity (1311) that cooperates with the movable plate (132). When material needs to be discharged, the movable plate (132) retracts into the telescopic cavity (1311). The fixed plate (131) and the stirring shaft (122) are rotatably connected. A fixing block (1312) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the movable plate (132). The bottom of the initial reaction chamber (101), the intermediate reaction chamber (102) and the later reaction chamber (103) are provided with fixing grooves (17) that cooperate with the fixing block (1312). During assembly, the fixing block (1312) is placed in the fixing groove (17).

7. The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lid (2) is also provided with a feeding port (21), and a screen is provided in the feeding port (21).

8. A chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the vessel body (1) is provided with a discharge port (18), which is connected to the final reaction chamber (104). The discharge port (18) is provided with a discharge valve. The vessel body (1) is also provided with a display controller (19), which is connected to the stirring motor (121), the reaction block (3) and the discharge valve.

9. A method for chemical removal of harmful elements from tailings, characterized in that: The chemical removal device for harmful elements in tailings as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 mainly includes the following steps: S00: The tailings are crushed using a crusher, and the crushed tailings are screened and then added to the reaction vessel. S10: The dosing device adds chemical reagents into the reactor, and the reactor is used to stir the materials in the reactor to make them fully mixed. The tailings are reacted sequentially in the initial reaction chamber (101), intermediate reaction chamber (102), later reaction chamber (103) and final reaction chamber (104). S20: After the material has fully reacted in the reactor, the solid-liquid mixture flows out from the outlet (18) to the solid-liquid separator, and the separated solid is further tested. If it does not meet the standard, return to step S10. S30: The liquid after solid-liquid separation is processed in the purifier.

10. A method for chemical removal of harmful elements from tailings according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S10, the concentration of chemical reagents added in each reaction chamber is precisely controlled by the display controller (19), and the intensity of the sound wave is adjusted at the same time.

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