A polishing unit, polishing device and polishing method for a tunnel secondary lining form

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of polishing unit for tunnel secondary lining template, polishing device and polishing method, polishing unit includes main frame, main frame bending shape is consistent with secondary lining template outer surface shape shape;Motor and gear transmission mechanism are equipped in main frame, gear transmission mechanism includes driving gear and multiple driven gears, driving gear is connected with motor output shaft, multiple driven gears are arranged along the length direction of main frame and form driven gear row, driven gear is connected with brush;Vertical support component, vertical support component is telescopic mechanism, its lower end is connected with the top of main frame, and upper end is used to connect with the hole wall of tunnel;Transverse support component, its two ends are used to connect the side of main frame and the plug plate of secondary lining trolley respectively, and it is perpendicular to vertical support component;The polishing device includes multiple sequentially linked polishing units.The present application is polished to secondary lining template by the form that polishing device does not move, secondary lining trolley moves, simplifies its structure, and improves polishing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of grinding devices, specifically relating to a grinding unit, grinding device, and grinding method for tunnel secondary lining templates. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, the cleaning of the outer surface of the secondary lining formwork is crucial to the quality of concrete pouring. Traditional methods relying on manual cleaning with brooms and scrapers have significant drawbacks. They are inefficient; due to the large area of ​​the formwork, manual cleaning is time-consuming and labor-intensive, greatly increasing time and labor costs and slowing down construction progress. The cleaning effect is also unsatisfactory, failing to thoroughly and evenly clean the surface. Residual debris can easily lead to quality problems such as pitting and honeycombing in the secondary lining concrete, affecting the tunnel's durability and aesthetics. Furthermore, the enclosed and poorly ventilated environment of the tunnel exposes construction workers to dust pollution during manual cleaning, posing health and safety risks.

[0003] In the currently disclosed existing technologies, the devices used for grinding secondary lining templates generally complete the grinding and cleaning by walking along the outer surface of the secondary lining template. The walking methods are mainly as follows: (1) For example, the attached automatic cleaning and grinding tunnel secondary lining trolley template device disclosed in CN210530867U uses an electric drive magnetic suction type walking trolley to walk along the secondary lining template to achieve template grinding; (2) For example, the tunnel lining trolley template grinding device in CN118181070A uses a ring rail set outside the secondary lining template, and the grinding machine can move along the ring rail to grind the outer surface of the secondary lining template. In addition, there are also devices such as CN115351663A and CN219027033U that use the second method, and CN117484345A that uses the first method.

[0004] All of the above grinding methods require a corresponding structure to move the grinding device on the outer surface of the secondary lining template. The structure is relatively complex and the cost is high. Furthermore, since the contact area between the grinding device and the secondary lining template is small, the grinding process takes a long time and slows down the construction progress. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a grinding unit, grinding device, and grinding method for tunnel secondary lining templates. The device can be fixed to the tunnel wall and remain stationary. It grinds the outer surface of the secondary lining template during the movement of the secondary lining trolley and, after grinding, is transferred to the secondary lining trolley and moves forward with it, thereby improving the grinding efficiency and cleaning effect of the secondary lining template.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a grinding unit for tunnel secondary lining template, comprising a main frame, the main frame being curved in an arc along its length, the curved shape of which matches the shape of the outer surface of the secondary lining template; a motor and a gear transmission mechanism are provided inside the main frame, the gear transmission mechanism comprising a driving gear and multiple driven gears, the driving gear being connected to the output shaft of the motor, the multiple driven gears being arranged along the length of the main frame to form a driven gear row, and a brush being connected to each driven gear, the brush being located below the main frame; The vertical support assembly is a telescopic mechanism, with its lower end connected to the top of the main frame and its upper end used to connect to the tunnel wall. The transverse support component is connected at one end to one side of the main frame and at the other end to the end plate on the secondary lining trolley. The horizontal support component is perpendicular to the vertical support component.

[0007] Its beneficial effects are as follows: The grinding unit of the present invention is a component of the grinding device, which can be sequentially spliced ​​along the circumference of the secondary lining template and fixed to the tunnel wall by the vertical support components. In this way, the secondary lining template can be ground by keeping the grinding device stationary while the secondary lining trolley moves. The grinding unit has a large contact area with the secondary lining template. In particular, after the grinding device is assembled, it can cover the secondary lining template in the circumference. In this way, the secondary lining trolley only needs to move once to complete the grinding operation of the secondary lining template, which greatly improves the grinding efficiency and the efficiency of secondary lining construction.

[0008] The vertical support component adopts a telescopic mechanism, which can control the main frame of the grinding unit to fall and connect with the horizontal support component fixed on the trolley end plate after grinding is completed. After connection, the vertical support component can be manually removed from the hole wall, reducing the amount of manual work required for the recovery of the grinding device.

[0009] The vertical support components and horizontal support components are arranged vertically, so that whether the grinding device is installed on the hole wall or on the end plate, there is no need to adjust the posture of the main frame, which further simplifies the installation and disassembly process of the grinding device.

[0010] Furthermore, an oil tank is provided inside the main frame, and the oil tank is connected to several oil outlet pipes. The oil outlet pipes extend from the bottom of the main frame and are equipped with oil injectors.

[0011] Its beneficial effect is that oil or release agent can be sprayed onto the polished area through the spray nozzle, which facilitates the demolding of the formwork after the secondary lining construction.

[0012] Furthermore, the lateral support assembly adopts a telescopic mechanism or a support rod with flanges at both ends.

[0013] Its beneficial effects are as follows: The main function of the transverse support assembly is to fix the main frame to the end plate of the secondary lining trolley. Therefore, it can employ either a telescopic mechanism or a non-telescopic structure such as a support rod. When a telescopic mechanism is used, the telescopic part can be aligned with the side of the main frame through its extension and retraction, facilitating a better connection.

[0014] Alternatively, the telescopic mechanism includes a fixed outer cylinder, an electromagnet, a spring, and a telescopic rod. The telescopic rod is movably inserted inside the fixed outer cylinder. One end of the telescopic rod extending out of the fixed outer cylinder is connected to the main frame, and the other end of the telescopic rod inside the fixed outer cylinder is connected to the spring. The other end of the spring is connected to the inner end face of the fixed end of the fixed outer cylinder. The electromagnet is located around the spring, and the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet when energized can attract the telescopic rod to retract into the fixed outer cylinder.

[0015] Its beneficial effects are: it provides a simple and easy-to-implement telescopic mechanism controlled by an electromagnet, which can realize the extension and retraction range of the telescopic rod by controlling the magnitude of the current.

[0016] Furthermore, an end plate is provided on the end of the telescopic rod facing the electromagnet, and the diameter of the end plate is larger than the diameter of the telescopic rod.

[0017] Its beneficial effect is that by using a larger diameter end plate in conjunction with an electromagnet, the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod can be better realized.

[0018] Alternatively, the telescopic mechanism can be a hydraulic rod or an electric push rod.

[0019] Its beneficial effect is that it provides two other telescopic mechanisms for users to choose from according to their needs, thus expanding the scope of application of the present invention.

[0020] Specifically, the driven gear set has two rows, and adjacent driven gears in the two rows are meshed together.

[0021] Its beneficial effects are: more brushes can be set up to further increase the contact area with the secondary lining template and improve the efficiency of sanding.

[0022] The present invention also proposes a grinding device for tunnel secondary lining template, comprising multiple grinding units as described above, wherein the multiple grinding units are sequentially connected along the circumference of the secondary lining template.

[0023] Its beneficial effects are: the present invention grinds the secondary lining template by keeping the grinding device stationary and moving the secondary lining trolley. The grinding device has a large contact area with the secondary lining template and can cover the secondary lining template in the circumferential direction. In this way, the secondary lining trolley only needs to move once to complete the grinding operation of the secondary lining template, which greatly improves the grinding efficiency and the efficiency of secondary lining construction.

[0024] This invention further proposes a grinding method for tunnel secondary lining templates, which uses the aforementioned grinding device and includes the following steps: The first step is to anchor the vertical support components of the grinding unit to the tunnel wall using anchors after the demolding of the first ring of the secondary lining is completed. The horizontal support components are fixed to the outside of the end plate of the secondary lining trolley and are not connected to the main frame. Multiple grinding units are arranged in sequence along the circumference of the tunnel wall to form a grinding device. The second step is to control the vertical support components of each grinding unit to extend and retract upwards, thereby moving the main frame as a whole towards the hole wall. The third step is to start the motor, drive the brush to rotate, and then start the secondary lining trolley to move forward. During the forward movement, the rotating brush polishes the outer surface of the secondary lining template. Fourth step: After grinding is completed, turn off the motor in the main frame, reverse the secondary lining trolley back to the initial position, lower the main frame of the grinding unit to the position of the corresponding horizontal support component, connect the main frame to the corresponding horizontal support component, and remove the connection between the vertical support component and the tunnel wall.

[0025] Its beneficial effects are: the present invention grinds the secondary lining template by keeping the grinding device stationary and moving the secondary lining trolley. The grinding device has a large contact area with the secondary lining template and can cover the secondary lining template in the circumferential direction. In this way, the secondary lining trolley only needs to move once to complete the grinding operation of the secondary lining template, which greatly improves the grinding efficiency and the efficiency of secondary lining construction.

[0026] Furthermore, when the polishing unit is equipped with an oil tank and an oil nozzle, during the polishing process, the oil nozzle sprays oil or release agent onto the polished area.

[0027] Its beneficial effect is that oil or release agent can be sprayed onto the polished area through the spray nozzle, which facilitates the demolding of the formwork after the secondary lining construction.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes a fixed grinding device and a moving secondary lining trolley to grind the outer surface of the secondary lining template. Since the grinding device does not need to move, its structure can be simplified. The main frame of the grinding device is bent to match the shape of the secondary lining template, so that the brushes arranged at the bottom of the main frame can effectively fit the outer surface of the secondary lining template and be consistent with the circumferential dimensions of the secondary lining template. Therefore, the grinding of the entire secondary lining template can be completed in one pass of the secondary lining trolley, significantly improving the grinding efficiency.

[0029] The vertical support assembly of this invention employs various forms of telescopic mechanisms to connect with the tunnel wall, allowing for control of the main frame's lifting and lowering as needed. This enables the main frame to be better positioned for grinding. For example, when the secondary lining trolley is not high enough, the main frame can lower further, facilitating the brush's grinding of the secondary lining template. Conversely, when the secondary lining trolley is higher, the main frame's descent can be reduced to avoid obstructing the brush's rotation. Furthermore, the telescopic mechanism facilitates the retraction of each grinding unit. After grinding, the secondary lining trolley needs to return. Once back in position, the telescopic mechanism lowers the main frame, aligning it with the transverse support assembly connected to the end plate on the secondary lining trolley. This allows for direct connection between the main frame and the transverse support assembly, avoiding the need to remove the main frame from the tunnel wall and reconnect it to the transverse support assembly. This simplifies the retraction operation of the grinding units and reduces the workload of the operators.

[0030] The transverse support component of the present invention adopts a fixed mechanism or a telescopic mechanism. When a telescopic mechanism is adopted, it can be positioned by the transverse telescopic mechanism after the grinding unit is lowered, and quickly connected to the side of the main frame of the grinding unit, reducing the accuracy requirements for the movement position of the secondary lining trolley and further reducing the control difficulty.

[0031] In this invention, the vertical support components and the horizontal support components are arranged perpendicularly to each other. When the grinding unit is connected to the hole wall and the end plate, the posture of the main frame does not need to be changed, which further simplifies the fixing process of the grinding unit. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding unit described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding unit fixed to the tunnel wall as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of a grinding unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view of another polishing unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding unit described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding unit described in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding unit described in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing device in the polishing process in Embodiment 6 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a rotating end cap plate in the prior art; The markings in the diagram are: 1. Vertical support assembly, 2. Main frame, 3. Horizontal support assembly, 4. Fixed outer cylinder, 5. Electromagnet, 6. Spring, 7. Telescopic rod, 8. Motor, 9. Gear transmission mechanism, 10. Oil injector, 11. Brush, 12. Oil tank, 13. Support rod, 14. Hydraulic rod. 100. Tunnel wall; 200. Secondary lining template; 300. Secondary lining trolley; 301. Trolley web; 401. Fixed part; 402. Rotating part. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

[0034] Example 1 See attached document Figure 1 , 2 As shown, a grinding unit for tunnel secondary lining templates includes a vertical support assembly 1, a main frame 2, and a horizontal support assembly 3. The vertical support assembly 1 and the horizontal support assembly 3 are identical telescopic mechanisms, and are classified as vertical and horizontal based on their installation position and orientation. The vertical support assembly 1 is installed on top of the main frame 2. When grinding is required, the vertical support assembly 1 connects the grinding device to the tunnel wall 100. The horizontal support assembly 3 is installed on the side of the main frame 2. After grinding is completed, the horizontal support assembly 3 connects the grinding device to the end plate of the secondary lining trolley.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, taking the vertical support assembly 1 as an example, its structure includes a fixed outer cylinder 4, an electromagnet 5, a spring 6, and a telescopic rod 7. One end of the fixed outer cylinder 4 is a fixed end, used for detachable connection to the cavity wall via anchors. The telescopic rod 7 is slidably disposed inside the fixed outer cylinder 4, and extends from the other end of the fixed outer cylinder 4, used for detachable connection to the top of the main frame 2 via bolts. An end plate with a diameter larger than the diameter of the telescopic rod 7 is fixed to one end of the telescopic rod 7 located inside the fixed outer cylinder 4. A spring 6 is disposed between the end plate and the inner end face of the fixed outer cylinder 4, and an electromagnet 5 is disposed around the spring 6. The magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 5 when energized can act on the end plate, attracting the telescopic rod 7 to move. The distance the telescopic rod 7 moves can be controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current.

[0036] For the transverse support assembly 3, the fixed end of the fixed outer cylinder 4 is detachably connected to the end plate of the secondary lining trolley by bolts; the end of the telescopic rod 7 extending from the fixed outer cylinder 4 is detachably connected to the side of the main frame 2 by bolts.

[0037] Furthermore, a bushing is provided on the fixed outer cylinder 4, and the telescopic rod 7 passes through the bushing. The bushing reduces the friction of the telescopic rod 7 sliding and the wear on the fixed outer cylinder 4, while also guiding the sliding of the telescopic rod 7.

[0038] The main frame 2 is a rectangular strip frame that is curved into an arc along its length, conforming to the outer surface shape of the secondary lining template. Inside the main frame 2, a motor 8 and a gear transmission mechanism 9 are installed. The gear transmission mechanism 9 includes a driving gear 901 and a row of driven gears 902 arranged along the length of the main frame 2. The driven gear rows can be arranged in one row or two rows along the width of the main frame 2. Each driven gear 902 is rotatably mounted on the base plate of the main frame 2. A rotating shaft is connected below each driven gear 902, extending downwards from the base plate of the main frame 2. A brush 11 is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft. Since the main frame 2 is arc-shaped in the length direction, the brush 11 on the driven gear set can be fitted into a curved surface that matches the shape of the outer surface of the secondary lining template, so as to better contact the outer surface of the secondary lining template and reduce cleaning dead corners. The long strip structure of the main frame 2 can effectively increase the contact area between the brush 11 and the secondary lining template. Furthermore, by splicing multiple grinding units, the secondary lining template can be covered in the circumferential direction.

[0039] Furthermore, the main frame 2 is also provided with an oil tank 12. The oil pipe connected to the oil tank 12 passes through the bottom plate of the main frame 2. The oil pipe is provided with an oil nozzle 10 at the end. The oil nozzle 10 sprays the oil or release agent in the oil tank 12 onto the cleaned secondary lining template.

[0040] Furthermore, multiple oil nozzles 10 are provided and arranged at intervals along the length of the main frame 2. Preferably, the multiple oil nozzles 10 are not oriented in the same way, so that the spraying area of ​​the multiple oil nozzles 10 can cover the outer surface of the secondary lining template.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the main frame 2 of the grinding unit in this embodiment is relatively short. Each main frame 2 is equipped with a vertical support component 1 and a horizontal support component 3. In use, the main frames 2 of multiple grinding units are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the secondary lining template, so that the length of the multiple grinding units spliced ​​together can cover the circumferential area of ​​the outer surface of the secondary lining template. Or, as Figure 4 As shown, the grinding unit has a relatively long main frame 2, and the main frame 2 is provided with two or more vertical support components 1 and horizontal support components 3. Similarly, in use, the main frames 2 of multiple grinding units are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the secondary lining template.

[0042] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the structure of the horizontal support component 3 is different from the structure of the vertical support component 1, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the transverse support assembly 3 in this embodiment is a support rod 13 with flange plates at both ends. One flange plate is detachably connected to the side of the main frame 2 by bolts, and the other flange plate is detachably connected to the end plate of the secondary lining trolley by bolts. The support rod 13 only serves to fix the main frame 2 from the side and does not have a telescopic function.

[0043] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the vertical support assembly 1 adopts a telescopic mechanism such as a hydraulic rod or an electric push rod. The fixed end of the telescopic mechanism is provided with a connecting flange for anchoring to the tunnel wall. The telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism is detachably connected to the top of the main frame 2 through the connecting flange. Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a hydraulic rod 14 is used to connect to the main frame 2.

[0044] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that the transverse support assembly 3 adopts a telescopic mechanism such as a hydraulic rod or an electric push rod. Both ends of the telescopic mechanism are equipped with connecting flanges, which are respectively connected to the end plate on the secondary lining trolley and the side of the main frame 2 via bolts. Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the lateral support component 3 uses a hydraulic rod 14 as a telescopic mechanism.

[0045] Example 5 A grinding device for tunnel secondary lining template includes multiple grinding units as described in any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the multiple grinding units are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the secondary lining template.

[0046] Example 6 A grinding method for tunnel secondary lining templates, such as Figure 8 As shown, this method utilizes the polishing apparatus described in Example 1 or Example 2, and the specific steps are as follows: The first step is to grind the secondary lining template 200 on the secondary lining trolley 300 after the demolding of the first ring secondary lining is completed. The grinding unit is removed from the end plate of the secondary lining trolley 300, and the vertical support component 1 of the grinding unit is anchored to the tunnel wall by anchoring fasteners. The grinding units are arranged and fixed in sequence along the circumference of the tunnel wall 100 to form a grinding device. After the grinding unit is removed, the horizontal support component 3 is kept fixed on the outside of the end plate of the secondary lining trolley 300. The second step is that the electromagnet 5 of the grinding unit is energized to generate magnetic force, which attracts the telescopic rod 7 and drives the main frame 2 to move towards the cave wall 100. The third step is to keep the electromagnet 5 energized, start the motor 8, and drive the brush 11 to rotate; then start the secondary lining trolley 300 to move forward. During the forward movement, the rotating brush 11 polishes the outer surface of the secondary lining template 200, and the oil nozzle 10 sprays oil or release agent onto the outer surface of the secondary lining template 200. Fourth step: After grinding is completed, turn off the motor 8 in the main frame 2 and stop the oil spraying of the oil nozzle 10; the secondary lining trolley 300 reverses back to the initial position, the electromagnet 5 is de-energized, the main frame 2 of the grinding unit falls to the position of the corresponding horizontal support component 3, the main frame 2 is connected to the corresponding horizontal support component 3, and the connection between the vertical support component 1 and the tunnel wall 100 is removed to complete the grinding.

[0047] When installing the grinding unit onto the tunnel wall 100, the installation position is located in front of the secondary lining trolley 300. This avoids construction in the narrow space between the secondary lining template 200 and the tunnel wall 100, making it easier to install and fix. After the secondary lining trolley returns, it also facilitates the main frame 2 to dock and fix with the transverse support component 3 left on the end plate.

[0048] During the polishing process, the current of the electromagnet 5 can be adjusted to control the magnetic force and adjust the pressure of the brush 11 on the secondary lining template 200 to ensure the polishing effect.

[0049] Example 7 A grinding method for tunnel secondary lining templates, the method utilizing the grinding device described in Example 3, the specific steps of which are as follows: The first step is to grind the secondary lining template 200 on the secondary lining trolley 300 after the demolding of the first ring secondary lining is completed. The grinding unit is removed from the end plate of the secondary lining trolley 300, and the fixed end of the hydraulic rod 14 of the grinding unit is anchored to the tunnel wall by anchoring fasteners. The grinding units are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the tunnel wall 100 and connected to the tunnel wall to form a grinding device. After the grinding unit is removed, the support rod 13 is kept fixed on the outside of the end plate of the secondary lining trolley 300. The second step is to retract the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14, which will drive the main frame 2 to move towards the tunnel wall 100. Third, keep the hydraulic rod 14 in the retracted state, start the motor 8, and drive the brush 11 to rotate; then start the secondary lining trolley 300 to move forward. During the forward movement, the rotating brush 11 polishes the outer surface of the secondary lining template 200, and the oil nozzle 10 sprays oil or release agent onto the outer surface of the secondary lining template 200. Fourth step: After grinding is completed, turn off the motor 8 in the main frame 2 and stop the oil spraying of the oil nozzle 10; the secondary lining trolley 300 reverses back to the initial position, the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 14 extends, and the main frame 2 is lowered to the position of the corresponding transverse support component 3, so that the main frame 2 can be connected to the corresponding transverse support component 3. After connection, disconnect the hydraulic rod 14 from the tunnel wall 100 to complete the grinding.

[0050] In the methods of Embodiments 5 and 6, before grinding begins, the grinding units are transferred one by one from the end plate of the secondary lining trolley and fixed to the tunnel wall. After grinding is completed, the grinding units are lowered one by one from the tunnel wall to the connection positions on the end plate. Since the bending shape of the main frame 2 of each grinding unit is designed according to the shape of the secondary lining template 200, the main frames 2 cannot be installed on the same circumference when installed on the end plate of the secondary lining trolley due to interference between adjacent main frames 2. Therefore, the installation positions of each main frame 2 on the end plate need to be staggered in the vertical direction. Specifically, any two adjacent transverse support components 3 fixed on the end plate are arranged at different heights, thereby staggering the adjacent main frames 2 vertically and solving the problem of mutual interference.

[0051] It should be noted that in Embodiments 5 and 6, the end cap plate on the secondary lining trolley is a commonly used rotating end cap plate in the art, such as... Figure 9 As shown, a rotating end cap plate generally includes a lower fixing part 401 and an upper rotating part 402. The fixing part 401 is fixed to the web plate 301 of the trolley. The grinding unit is fixed to the fixing part 401 at the bottom of the end cap plate, without affecting the rotation function of the rotating part 402. A similar structure can be found in the published patent CN 209011852 U. Therefore, the grinding device of the present invention does not involve the modification of the secondary lining trolley structure, and existing secondary lining trolleys can also use the grinding device of the present invention.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the specific implementation of the present invention with reference to the above embodiments. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the pending claims.

Claims

1. A grinding unit for tunnel secondary lining templates, characterized in that: The system includes a main frame that is curved in an arc along its length, with the curvature matching the shape of the outer surface of the secondary lining template. Inside the main frame, there is a motor and a gear transmission mechanism. The gear transmission mechanism includes a driving gear and multiple driven gears. The driving gear is connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the multiple driven gears are arranged along the length of the main frame to form a driven gear row. Each driven gear is connected to a brush, which is located below the main frame. The vertical support assembly is a telescopic mechanism, with its lower end connected to the top of the main frame and its upper end used to connect to the tunnel wall. The transverse support assembly has one end for connecting to one side of the main frame and the other end for connecting to the end plate on the secondary lining trolley. The horizontal support component is perpendicular to the vertical support component; The lateral support assembly is a telescopic mechanism, including a fixed outer cylinder, an electromagnet, a spring, and a telescopic rod. The telescopic rod is movably inserted inside the fixed outer cylinder. One end of the telescopic rod extending out of the fixed outer cylinder is connected to the main frame, and the other end of the telescopic rod inside the fixed outer cylinder is connected to the spring. The other end of the spring is connected to the inner end face of the fixed end of the fixed outer cylinder. The electromagnet is located around the spring, and the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet when energized can attract the telescopic rod to retract into the fixed outer cylinder.

2. The polishing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil tank is installed inside the main frame. The oil tank is connected to several oil outlet pipes, which extend from the bottom of the main frame and are equipped with oil injectors.

3. The polishing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: An end plate is provided on the end of the telescopic rod facing the electromagnet, and the diameter of the end plate is larger than the diameter of the rod.

4. The polishing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driven gear set has two rows, and adjacent driven gears in the two rows are meshed together.

5. A grinding device for tunnel secondary lining templates, characterized in that: It includes multiple grinding units as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the multiple grinding units are sequentially connected along the circumference of the secondary lining template.

6. A grinding method for tunnel secondary lining templates, characterized in that: This method uses the polishing apparatus described in claim 5 and includes the following steps: The first step is to anchor the vertical support components of the grinding unit to the tunnel wall using anchors after the demolding of the first ring of the secondary lining is completed. The horizontal support components are fixed to the outside of the end plate of the secondary lining trolley and are not connected to the main frame. Multiple grinding units are arranged in sequence along the circumference of the tunnel wall to form a grinding device. The second step is to control the vertical support components of each grinding unit to extend and retract upwards, thereby moving the main frame as a whole towards the hole wall. The third step is to start the motor, drive the brush to rotate, and then start the secondary lining trolley to move forward. During the forward movement, the rotating brush polishes the outer surface of the secondary lining template. Fourth step: After grinding is completed, turn off the motor in the main frame, reverse the secondary lining trolley back to the initial position, lower the main frame of the grinding unit to the position of the corresponding horizontal support component, connect the main frame to the corresponding horizontal support component, and remove the connection between the vertical support component and the tunnel wall.

7. The polishing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the polishing unit is equipped with an oil tank and an oil nozzle, the oil nozzle sprays oil or release agent onto the polished area during the polishing process.

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