Cold storage tank intake pre-distributor, cold storage tank and intake method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of cold storage technology, in particular to a pre-distributor for air inlet of a cold storage tank and the cold storage tank. The pre-distributor comprises a main air duct, a gas collecting disc and a shunt assembly. The front end of the main air duct is provided with an outer shell body which is attached to the tank body of the cold storage tank. The lower end of the gas collecting disc is communicated with the main air duct, and the upper end of the gas collecting disc is provided with an exhaust hole. The shunt assembly is arranged on the side of the gas collecting disc, and the gas collecting disc is communicated with the shunt assembly. The exhaust end of the shunt assembly extends upwards and is higher than the position of the exhaust hole in the upper end of the gas collecting disc. The shunt assembly is uniformly dispersed and extended outward from the center of the outer shell body, so that the airflow in the gas collecting disc is uniformly dispersed, and the outlet airflow of the gas collecting disc is disturbed. Therefore, the uniformity of airflow distribution in the cold storage tank and the cold energy storage efficiency are significantly improved, and the problem of uneven initial airflow distribution into the cold storage tank in the prior art is solved. The application further discloses a cold storage tank and an air inlet method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cold storage technology, specifically to a pre-distributor for air intake of a cold storage tank, a cold storage tank, and an air intake method. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid air energy storage (LAES) technology has received widespread attention and application in the field of renewable energy storage in recent years. Its principle involves liquefying and storing air at low temperatures, then vaporizing it to release cold energy for power generation when needed. Due to its high energy density and long storage cycle, LAES technology has significant advantages in addressing peak power demand and mitigating the volatility of renewable energy sources. As one of the core components of a LAES system, the design of the cold storage tank directly determines the cold storage efficiency and the stability of the system operation. The main function of the cold storage tank is to absorb the cold energy of the cold air flow through a filled bed medium to achieve energy storage and release.

[0003] However, current airflow distribution technology for cold storage tanks in liquid air energy storage systems still faces several significant challenges. Traditional airflow distribution devices typically employ simple structures such as flat plate distributors and conical distributors. In practical applications, these devices are prone to uneven airflow distribution and drastic velocity variations, resulting in inconsistent airflow distribution within the packed bed and consequently affecting cold energy storage efficiency. Uneven airflow not only increases energy loss but can also lead to mechanical failures, severely impacting the overall system performance and economic viability.

[0004] In view of the above, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention designs a pre-distributor for air intake of cold storage tank, cold storage tank and air intake method, thus solving the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical objective of this invention is to optimize the airflow path and increase the lateral turbulence effect of the flow channel through the multi-outlet design of the flow equalization channel, thereby significantly improving the uniformity of airflow distribution and cold energy storage efficiency inside the cold storage tank, and solving the problem of uneven initial airflow distribution entering the cold storage tank in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides a pre-distributor for air intake of a cold storage tank, wherein the front end of the main air duct is provided with an outer shell that fits the tank body of the cold storage tank; the outer shell is installed at the air inlet of the cold storage tank and fits the inner wall of the cold storage tank, thereby forming a pre-treatment cavity for the air intake of the cold storage tank.

[0007] The lower end of the gas collecting plate is connected to the main air passage, and the upper end is provided with an exhaust hole; the diameter of the exhaust hole is small and is used to slowly inject airflow into the cold storage tank, thereby the airflow accumulated in the gas collecting plate will be diverted to the diversion component.

[0008] The diversion component is disposed on the side of the air collecting plate, and the diversion component is distributed in a circumferential array on the side of the air collecting plate. This ensures that the airflow accumulated inside the air collecting plate will flow evenly into the diversion component. Since the air collecting plate is connected to the diversion component, the exhaust end of the diversion component extends upward and is higher than the exhaust hole at the upper end of the air collecting plate. After diverting the airflow inside the air collecting plate, the diversion component also laterally turbulents the airflow flowing out of the air collecting plate, thereby further improving the uniformity of the injected airflow.

[0009] Furthermore, the flow-diverting component includes multiple connecting bases and multiple flow-diverting heads arranged in a circumferential array on the side of the gas collecting plate. The connecting bases and flow-diverting heads are arranged in pairs, typically in groups of 3 to 9. Openings are made on the side of the connecting bases to allow for flexible adjustment according to flow requirements. The lower end of each connecting base is connected to the gas collecting plate, and the upper end of each connecting base is connected to a flow-diverting head. The flow-diverting head communicates with the gas collecting plate through the connecting base.

[0010] It is worth noting that the installation position of the diverter head is higher than the upper plane of the air collection plate. Multiple diverter heads are used to evenly distribute the airflow in the air collection plate. The height difference between the diverter head and the air collection plate is to enable the diverter head to use the exhaust airflow on its side to turbulent the exhaust airflow of the main air collection plate.

[0011] The diverter head has a funnel-shaped opening. The funnel-shaped opening ensures that the diverter head can reduce the airflow pressure when releasing the distributed airflow, while expanding the injection area of ​​the exhaust airflow to prevent the high-pressure airflow from rushing into the cold storage tank and causing internal airflow and energy turbulence.

[0012] Furthermore, a baffle plate is connected to the flow divider head. The baffle plate extends the length of the opening channel of the trumpet-shaped flow divider head, thereby enabling the airflow after pressure reduction and expansion at the flow divider head to maintain a steady state for a certain period of time, thus improving the stability of the airflow injection. At the same time, the steady airflow passes through the baffle holes on the side of the baffle plate, thereby providing lateral turbulence to the airflow discharged from the gas collecting plate on the main channel, and more effectively and uniformly buffering the airflow pressure drop at the inlet of the cold storage tank.

[0013] Due to the spacing between the multiple connecting bases, even though the diverter head at the top of the connecting base distributes the airflow evenly in a circumferential manner, there are still some areas inside the outer casing where the airflow cannot be evenly distributed. This is mainly due to the spacing between the components and the depth of the outer casing itself. The forward extension of the diverter assembly inevitably leads to spaces at the rear end where the airflow cannot be evenly distributed. Therefore, the connecting base has flow equalization holes on its side. These flow equalization holes are used to deliver airflow to fill the spaces between the multiple connecting bases, thereby further improving the airflow distribution effect inside the outer casing and improving the uniformity of the injected airflow.

[0014] It should be noted that this invention is applicable to pressure environments of 0-12MPa, and the pre-distributor ratio can be adjusted according to the volume and head specifications of different cold storage tanks to achieve optimal performance in cold storage systems of various sizes. The pre-distributor can be customized according to the actual operating requirements of the cold storage tank, including adjusting the angle and orifice distribution of the flow guiding module to adapt to the process requirements under different scenarios.

[0015] The present invention also provides a cold storage tank using the aforementioned pre-distributor. Specifically, the cold storage tank has a control system installed inside its body for detecting internal gas pressure. The control system can employ a control scheme that is foreseeable by those skilled in the art and is required to handle common gas parameters such as pressure and temperature. The pre-distributor is installed at both the positive and negative vents at both ends of the tank. When the cold storage tank is reverse-charged, the negative vent is used to introduce a low-temperature gas flow. A constant pressure regulating valve is installed at the positive vent of the tank to adjust the inlet flow rate. The tank is also filled with a porous medium layer.

[0016] Based on the above, the present invention provides an air intake method for a cold storage tank, comprising the following steps: S1: Low-temperature airflow is introduced into the positive air inlet of the cold storage tank through the main air duct, and the pressure of the gas entering the cold storage tank is controlled by a pressure regulating valve. The low-temperature airflow enters the tank through the exhaust hole on the gas collecting plate to form the main airflow. The pressure of the main airflow does not exceed the pressure set by the control system inside the tank. The gas flow rate is monitored by the built-in flow meter, and the intake volume is adjusted according to the temperature and flow rate requirements by an automatic adjustment system.

[0017] S2: The low-temperature airflow entering the gas collection plate is accumulated and then split through the multi-branched diversion component to form multiple branch airflows. Each branch airflow passes through the gradually expanding channel inside the diversion component, thereby reducing local pressure loss and avoiding abrupt changes in flow velocity. By optimizing the airflow path, the airflow is gradually guided and evenly distributed, thereby improving the uniformity of airflow and the efficiency of cold energy storage.

[0018] This invention achieves precise pressure control by combining a pressure sensor with an automatic control system. Whenever the gas pressure exceeds or falls below a set value, the regulating valve automatically opens or closes to ensure airflow stability. During different operating phases, by adjusting the gas intake or flow control equipment, the system can maintain stable operation under high pressure and low temperature conditions.

[0019] S3: Multiple branch airflows and the main airflow form a uniformly distributed airflow in the cavity inside the outer shell. The uniformly distributed airflow is injected into the porous medium layer inside the tank and then stored stably inside the tank after being uniformly distributed again.

[0020] It is worth noting that the porous media layer is segmented and equipped with multiple temperature sensors. The uniformly distributed airflow in S3, entering different segments of the porous media layer, will detect and collect multiple sets of temperature data. The interior of the cold storage tank is divided into multiple temperature-controlled zones, each equipped with an independent temperature control system, adjusting the flow rate or pressure according to the temperature requirements of different areas. Through zoned temperature control and real-time adjustment, temperature stability throughout the cold storage process is ensured, reducing energy loss caused by temperature differences and improving cold storage efficiency.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention, by setting multiple flow dividers on the gas collection plate and utilizing the funnel-shaped deformation design of the flow dividers, expands the airflow transition area, reduces abrupt changes in flow velocity, and optimizes the distribution of the flow dividers. This results in the initial airflow entering the cold storage tank being evenly distributed inside the outer shell, providing the cold storage tank with a relatively uniform injection airflow in terms of pressure and density, and significantly improving the uniformity of airflow distribution and cold energy storage efficiency inside the cold storage tank.

[0022] 2. This invention, by setting a baffle plate on the flow divider head, further extends the opening structure of the trumpet-shaped flow divider head. At the same time, the baffle plate uses baffle holes on the side to laterally turbulent the airflow flowing on the gas collecting plate, thereby making the airflow entering the cold storage tank more evenly distributed in the outer shell. Moreover, it avoids the local high pressure of the distributed airflow directly acting on the cold storage tank, thereby optimizing the airflow path, reducing pressure drop, reducing system operating energy consumption, and extending the service life of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] The above and other aspects of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pre-distributor of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the pre-distributor of the present invention; Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 A sectional view at point AA; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spoiler disk of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting base of the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the cold storage tank of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the air intake method of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Main air duct; 11. Outer shell; 2. Air collection plate; 21. Exhaust port; 3. Flow splitter assembly; 4. Connecting base; 41. Flow equalization hole; 5. Flow splitter head; 6. Baffle plate; 61. Baffle hole; 7. Tank body; 71. Positive vent; 72. Reverse vent; 73. Porous media layer. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0028] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0033] In this embodiment, the common diameter of the inlet pipe of the cold storage tank is 100mm, which needs to be matched with the pre-distributor interface. A pre-distributor for the cold storage tank air inlet includes a main air duct 1, an air collecting plate 2, and a flow distribution assembly 3. The air inlet flow rate is usually set to 10-500kg / s to ensure an appropriate air flow rate enters the system. The outer diameter of the main air duct 1 is 306mm, and its front end is provided with an outer shell 11 that fits the cold storage tank body. The connection length between the outer shell 11 and the main air duct 1 is 1500mm, the outer diameter of the outer shell 11 is 3456mm, and the wall thickness of both the main air duct 1 and the outer shell 11 is 28mm.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the air collecting plate 2 is generally disc-shaped with a diameter of 800mm, a height of 210mm, and a wall thickness of 4mm. The lower end of the air collecting plate 2 is connected to the main air passage 1, and the upper end is provided with an exhaust hole 21. The diversion component 3 is set on the side of the air collecting plate 2. The diversion component 3 includes multiple connecting bases 4 and multiple diversion heads 5 distributed in a circumferential array on the side of the air collecting plate 2. The center of the air outlet of the diversion head 5 is 900mm away from the center of the air collecting plate 2. The lower end of the connecting base 4 is connected to the air collecting plate 2. The connecting base 4, the outer shell 11, and the side of the air collecting plate 2 are connected by sheet metal welding.

[0035] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a flared diverter head 5 is welded to the upper end of the connecting base 4 via sheet metal. The diameter of the flared opening is typically 0.12 times the diameter of the end cap, and the side inclination angle is typically set to 25° to ensure smooth airflow transition; the specific adjustment depends on the interface dimensions of the pre-distributor and the cold storage tank. The flared diverter head 5 connects to the multi-layered conical truncated base 4, ensuring that the airflow gradually expands and enters the downstream cold storage tank evenly. The installation position of the diverter head 5 is higher than the upper plane of the gas collecting plate 2, and multiple diverter heads 5 are used to evenly distribute the airflow in the gas collecting plate 2.

[0036] In this embodiment, to ensure the working efficiency of the cold storage tank, the internal packed bed region is a prior art technology. The packed bed region is responsible for heat exchange with the gas to achieve efficient storage of cold energy. High thermal conductivity materials (such as quartz sand or ceramic particles) are used in the packed bed, and their performance directly affects the cold storage efficiency. Furthermore, the cold storage capacity of a single cold storage medium tank is 30MWh, and multiple cold storage medium tanks work together to complete the energy storage and release tasks. All of these together form the packed bed module inside the cold storage tank of this invention.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a 150mm high baffle plate 6 is connected to the flow divider 5. The diameter of the baffle plate 6 is the same as the diameter of the top opening of the flow divider 5. Several 10mm diameter baffle holes 61 are opened on the side of the baffle plate 6. The baffle plate 6 is used to provide lateral baffles.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the overall wall thickness of the connecting base 4 is 4mm. Several flow equalization holes 41 with a diameter of 8mm are opened on the side of the connecting base 4. The flow equalization holes 41 are used to deliver airflow to fill the space between multiple connecting bases 4. Specifically, the length of the mounting plane of the connecting base 4 for mounting the flow divider head 5 is 474mm, and the lower end of the connecting base 4 is also provided with a connecting plane perpendicular to the mounting plane. The length of the connecting plane is 100mm and it is connected to the side of the air collecting plate 2. There are two arc surfaces with a radius of 500mm between the mounting plane and the connecting plane to optimize the air passage inside the connecting base 4. The mounting plane of the connecting base 4 is a 30-degree fan shape, and there is an opening with a diameter of 400mm on it for connecting the flow divider head 5.

[0039] Gas enters the gas collecting plate 2 inside the outer shell 11 from the main gas channel 1, thereby initially adjusting the direction and speed of the airflow. A small portion of the airflow flows into the cold storage tank through the exhaust port 21 on the gas collecting plate 2, while most of the airflow flows into the splitting assembly 3 through the connecting base 4, ensuring that the airflow is evenly distributed to each branch of the splitting head 5. Here, the airflow is further buffered and turbulent by the turbulence holes 61 on the side of the splitting head 5.

[0040] Meanwhile, a small portion of the airflow from the flow equalization holes 41 on the side of the connecting base 4 is discharged to supplement the space between the outer shell 11. After being evenly distributed in multiple directions and subjected to lateral turbulence, the injected airflow uniformly enters the packed bed module in the cold storage tank, completing the efficient storage of cold energy. Throughout the process, the flow splitting, equalization, and turbulence processes ensure the uniformity of the airflow and the optimization of the temperature distribution, thereby improving the cold storage efficiency of the cold storage tank.

[0041] like Figure 6As shown, the present invention also provides a cold storage tank using the above-mentioned pre-distributor. Specifically, the tank body 7 of the cold storage tank is equipped with a control system for detecting the internal gas pressure. The control system can adopt a control scheme that can be foreseen by those skilled in the art and is required to be able to handle common gas index parameters such as pressure and temperature.

[0042] In this embodiment, the control system of the present invention is mainly regulated by a central control unit (CCU); components such as pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow meters, regulating valves, electric actuators, and transmission devices constitute a system for signal acquisition and action execution. The control system automatically adjusts airflow, pressure, and temperature by real-time monitoring of key parameters such as gas pressure, temperature, and flow rate to ensure that the entire liquid air energy storage system (especially the cold storage medium tank) operates under optimal conditions.

[0043] The central control unit (CCU) is the core of the control system. The CCU adjusts the working status of each component of the system in real time through data acquisition and processing. The CCU receives signals from various sensors (pressure, temperature, flow) and issues commands to the regulating valves, actuators and other actuators according to the preset control algorithm.

[0044] Furthermore, this embodiment provides a method for adjusting multiple parameters: (1) Based on pressure, temperature and flow data, the central control unit uses a PID control algorithm (proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm) to adjust the opening of the regulating valve in real time, thereby regulating the airflow and ensuring uniform distribution of flow velocity and temperature. Under high pressure and high flow velocity conditions, the algorithm can automatically adjust the airflow path to maintain a stable airflow distribution and low temperature gradient.

[0045] (2) Based on the data from the temperature sensor, the CCU automatically adjusts the air flow and pressure to ensure that the temperature in each area of ​​the system remains uniform. The system can adjust the temperature control valves in different areas according to the needs, and adjust the flow to maintain the required temperature.

[0046] (3) When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure exceeds or falls below the set value, the CCU restores the stable working pressure in the system by adjusting the regulating valve or controlling the pressurization device. The system's intelligent feedback mechanism can monitor and respond to pressure fluctuations in real time, ensuring stable system operation.

[0047] In this embodiment, both the positive vent 71 and the negative vent 72 at both ends of the tank body 7 are equipped with pre-distributors; the positive vent 71 of the tank body 7 is equipped with a constant pressure regulating valve for adjusting the inlet flow rate; and the inside of the tank body 7 is also filled with a porous media layer 73.

[0048] Based on the above, this embodiment provides an air intake method for a cold storage tank, specifically including the following steps: S1: Low-temperature airflow is introduced into the cold storage tank through the main air duct 1 and the pressure of the gas entering the cold storage tank is controlled by a pressure regulating valve. The low-temperature airflow enters the tank body 7 through the exhaust port 21 on the gas collecting plate 2 to form the dominant airflow. The pressure of the dominant airflow does not exceed the pressure set by the control system inside the tank body 7. The built-in flow meter monitors the gas flow rate to ensure that the gas flow rate is within a reasonable range and feeds back to the central control unit for data processing and adjustment. The flow meter data is combined with pressure and temperature data to precisely adjust the gas flow rate and ensure uniform airflow distribution.

[0049] S2: The low-temperature airflow entering the gas collection plate 2 is accumulated and then split through the multi-branched diversion component 3 to form multiple branch airflows. Each branch airflow passes through the gradually expanding channel inside the diversion component 3, thereby reducing local pressure loss and avoiding rapid changes in flow velocity. By optimizing the airflow path, the airflow is gradually guided and evenly distributed, thereby improving the uniformity of the airflow and the efficiency of cold energy storage.

[0050] S3: Multiple branch airflows and the main airflow form a uniformly distributed airflow in the cavity inside the outer shell 11. The uniformly distributed airflow is injected into the porous medium layer 73 inside the tank 7, and then stored uniformly and stably inside the tank 7.

[0051] In this embodiment, the porous dielectric layer 73 is segmented with multiple temperature sensors. The uniformly distributed airflow in S3 enters different segments of the porous dielectric layer 73 and collects multiple sets of temperature data. The interior of the cold storage tank is divided into multiple temperature control zones, each equipped with an independent temperature control system. The temperature sensors in each zone are used to monitor temperature changes in real time and feed the data back to the CCU to ensure that the heat exchange between the cold airflow and the packed bed remains optimal.

[0052] Under high-pressure conditions, the control system described in this embodiment regulates the cold storage tank. When the pressure sensor detects that the gas pressure entering the cold storage medium tank is below 1.88 MPa, the control system automatically supplements the gas pressure by adjusting the compressor pressure or regulating the valve flow rate to ensure that the gas flow is not affected. When the temperature sensor in the system detects that the temperature of the cold gas flow exceeds the set temperature, the CCU automatically increases the gas flow rate or adjusts the heat exchange effect of the packed bed to ensure stable and uniform temperature distribution.

[0053] The technical features disclosed above are not limited to combinations thereof with other features, and those skilled in the art can make other combinations of the technical features according to the purpose of this disclosure to achieve the objectives of this disclosure. The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be given the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0054] The above is merely a description of the invention and modifications that may be made to it in light of the above detailed description. The terminology used in the appended claims should not be construed as limiting the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification. Rather, the scope of the invention will be fully defined by the appended claims, which will be interpreted according to the established principles of claim interpretation.

Claims

1. A pre-distributor for the air inlet of a cold storage tank, characterized in that: include The main air passage (1) has an outer shell (11) that fits the cold storage tank at its front end. The gas collecting plate (2) is connected to the main air passage (1), and an exhaust hole (21) is provided on the gas collecting plate (2). The diversion component (3) is disposed on the side of the gas collecting plate (2), the gas collecting plate (2) is connected to the diversion component (3), and the exhaust port of the diversion component (3) extends upward and is higher than the exhaust hole (21) on the gas collecting plate (2). The diversion component (3) disperses and extends evenly outward from the center of the outer shell (11), thereby evenly dispersing the airflow in the gas collecting plate (2) and turbulentizing the outlet airflow of the gas collecting plate (2).

2. The pre-distributor for the air inlet of the cold storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diversion component (3) includes multiple connecting bases (4) and multiple diversion heads (5) arranged in a circumferential array on the side of the gas collecting plate (2). The lower end of the connecting base (4) is connected to the gas collecting plate (2), and the upper end of the connecting base (4) is connected to the diversion head (5). The diversion head (5) is connected to the gas collecting plate (2) through the connecting base (4). The diversion head (5) is used to evenly distribute the airflow in the gas collecting plate (2).

3. The pre-distributor for the air inlet of the cold storage tank according to claim 2, characterized in that: The splitter head (5) has a funnel-shaped opening.

4. The pre-distributor for the air inlet of the cold storage tank according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flow divider (5) is connected to a flow deflector (6), and the flow deflector (6) has flow deflection holes (61) on its side. The flow deflector (6) is used to provide lateral flow deflection.

5. The pre-distributor for the air inlet of a cold storage tank according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The side of the connecting base (4) is provided with a flow equalization hole (41), which is used to deliver airflow to fill the space between multiple connecting bases (4).

6. A cold storage tank, characterized in that: The device includes the pre-distributor as described in claim 1, and also includes a tank body, the tank body having a control system for detecting internal air pressure installed inside; the pre-distributor is provided at both the positive air inlet (71) and the negative air inlet (72) at both ends of the tank body; the positive air inlet (71) of the tank body is equipped with a constant pressure regulating valve for adjusting the inlet flow rate; A porous media layer (73) is used to fill the interior of the tank.

7. A method for introducing air into a cold storage tank, characterized in that: Includes the following steps, S1: Low-temperature airflow is introduced into the positive air inlet (71) of the cold storage tank through the main air passage (1), and the pressure of the gas entering the cold storage tank is controlled by the pressure regulating valve. The low-temperature airflow enters the tank body (7) through the exhaust hole (21) on the gas collecting plate (2) to form the dominant airflow. The pressure of the dominant airflow does not exceed the pressure set by the control system in the tank body (7). S2: The low-temperature airflow enters the gas collecting plate (2) and is divided into multiple branch airflows through the multi-branch diversion component (3). Each branch airflow passes through the gradually expanding channel inside the diversion component (3). S3: Multiple branch airflows and the main airflow mix in the outer shell (11) to form a uniform airflow. The uniform airflow is injected into the porous medium layer (73) inside the tank (7) and then stored in the tank (7) after secondary uniform distribution.

8. The air intake method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The porous dielectric layer (73) is provided with multiple segments, and each segment is provided with a temperature sensor.

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