A dust deposition layer formation and instability mechanism simulation experiment platform

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of dust disaster prevention and control, specifically a simulation experimental platform for the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers. It includes input mechanisms for air supply, ventilation, and dust supply, as well as a transparent duct and various detection sensors. The duct is composed of multiple segments that can be freely combined according to experimental requirements. Input mechanisms are located at both ends of the duct, allowing for air, ventilation, and dust supply to be delivered from both ends to simulate dust deposition and movement under unidirectional or reversed airflow. Dust collection plates are installed at different locations along the duct, and an image collection device is also connected to the duct. This invention achieves multi-physics coupling through an acrylic duct, accurately simulating the dynamic evolution of dust deposition layers under the synergistic effects of airflow, viscous force, and gravity fields. It can be applied to the simulation study of the instability characteristics of deposited dust layers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental and safety science and technology, and relates to the field of dust hazards; specifically, it is an experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the acceleration of industrialization, the safety of the mining industry, as one of the important pillar industries of the national economy, has received increasing attention. Among these, dust disasters, due to their suddenness and destructive power, have become a major hidden danger to safe production in the mining industry. Due to the limitations of operating procedures and processes, dust accumulation in pipelines is unavoidable. Furthermore, mining pipeline networks contain numerous interlocking pipes, which are inherently unstable and prone to airflow reversal. This causes some of the deposited dust to be dispersed under the influence of gravity and airflow, forming dust clouds. These dust clouds can easily trigger explosions and other types of dust disasters, seriously threatening people's lives and property. Therefore, establishing a similar platform for the formation and instability of deposited dust is of great significance for the research and prevention of dust disasters.

[0003] Current simulations of the formation and instability of deposited dust layers remain at a microscopic level, largely relying on software simulations and lacking information for transitioning to macroscopic levels. Furthermore, research on interlocking pipe networks and airflow reversal is limited. Currently, there is no dedicated experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability of dust deposits within air ducts. Existing platforms are mostly fully enclosed systems, and the equipment can only achieve unidirectional airflow, failing to simulate airflow reversal or accurately measure the thickness of the deposited dust layer within the air duct. Therefore, establishing an experimental platform to study the formation of deposited dust layers within air ducts and the instability of the deposited layer under airflow reversal is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies and proposes an experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers. This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layer includes a premixed gas cylinder, an air supply system, a dust supply system, a data acquisition terminal, an analysis terminal, a high-speed camera, a three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter, a dust collection plate, an ignition device, a heater, a humidifier, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a gas concentration sensor, a wind speed sensor, a dust concentration sensor, and an air duct. The air duct is made of transparent explosion-proof glass and is composed of multiple spliced ​​sections. The premixed gas cylinder is connected to different positions on the air duct through the gas conveying channel, and valves are installed on the gas conveying channel. A dust supply system and an air supply system are connected to both ends of the air duct. The air supply system includes an axial flow variable frequency fan and air duct valves, and the air supply system is located outside the dust supply system to simulate the deposition and movement of dust under unidirectional or reverse airflow. Humidifiers, heaters, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, gas concentration sensors, wind speed sensors, dust concentration sensors, and ignition devices are installed at both ends of the air duct. The data collected by the temperature sensors, humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, gas concentration sensors, and dust concentration sensors are transmitted to the analysis terminal for analysis and processing after passing through the data acquisition terminal. The three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter and high-speed camera are both connected to the air duct; Dust collection plates are installed at different locations in the air duct.

[0005] Furthermore, it also includes an electrostatic dust removal device, which is installed on both sides of the air duct and located inside the air supply system.

[0006] Furthermore, the humidifiers and heaters at both ends of the air duct are arranged opposite each other.

[0007] Furthermore, the powder supply system mainly consists of a miniature screw feeder and a control box. The control box controls the start and stop of the screw feeder and adjusts the speed of powder supply.

[0008] Furthermore, the dust collection plates are made of detachable transparent glass panels, which are installed in the middle of each section of the air duct. One dust collection plate is arranged on the upper, lower, left, and right walls of each section of the air duct.

[0009] Furthermore, the air ducts are divided into two groups, each group of air ducts has a bending angle at both ends, the two ends of the two groups of air ducts converge and are connected to each other, and two movable partitions are set at the convergence point; multiple movable partitions are also set in sequence in the middle of each group of air ducts.

[0010] Furthermore, a connecting duct is provided between the two sets of air ducts; the two sets of air ducts are connected by the connecting duct, and a partition is also provided at the connection point.

[0011] Furthermore, ignition devices are installed in the middle of the air duct and the connecting air duct, and dust collection plates are installed on both sides of the middle of the air duct and the middle of the connecting air duct.

[0012] Furthermore, both the high-speed camera and the 3D laser Doppler velocimeter are connected to a movable base.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: This invention comprises multiple units, including gas and dust supply, environmental control, data acquisition, and visualization observation. The experimental platform achieves multi-physics coupling through an acrylic glass duct, accurately simulating the dynamic evolution of dust deposition layers under the combined effects of airflow, viscous force, and gravity fields. This system can monitor in real-time the formation, instability, fracture, loosening, impact, and secondary dust re-entrainment of dust deposition layers. In particular, it can accurately capture the deposition characteristics and movement patterns of dust layers under airflow reversal conditions, providing an important experimental platform and theoretical support for dust hazard prevention and control technology research. It can also be used to study the formation of deposited dust layers and the dust instability after airflow reversal. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layer as described in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layer under a corner-connected air duct in Example 2.

[0015] 1. Premixed gas cylinder; 2. Axial flow variable frequency fan; 3. Duct valve; 4. Electrostatic precipitator; 5. Screw feeder; 6. Control box; 7. Data acquisition terminal; 8. Analysis terminal; 9. High-speed camera; 10. 3D laser Doppler velocimeter; 11. Dust collection plate; 12. Ignition device; 13. Heater; 14. Valve; 15. Humidifier; 16. Temperature sensor; 17. Humidity sensor; 18. Gas concentration sensor; 19. Wind speed sensor; 20. Dust concentration sensor; 21. Duct; 22. Partition; 23. Connecting ventilation duct. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solutions of this invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

[0017] Example 1 See Figure 1This embodiment proposes an experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers; it includes a premixed gas cylinder 1, an air supply system, an electrostatic dust removal device 4, a dust supply system, a data acquisition terminal 7, an analysis terminal 8, a high-speed camera 9, a three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter 10, a dust collection plate 11, an ignition device 12, a heater 13, a valve 14, a humidifier 15, a temperature sensor 16, a humidity sensor 17, a gas concentration sensor 18, a wind speed sensor 19, a dust concentration sensor 20, and an air duct 21, wherein the data acquisition terminal 7 and the analysis terminal 8 are connected to each of the sensors.

[0018] The premixed gas cylinder 1 mainly contains premixed gas. Different concentrations of premixed gas cylinder 1 can be equipped according to specific experimental requirements. The premixed gas cylinder 1 is connected to the front and rear positions of the air duct 21 through two gas delivery channels. A valve 14 is installed on the gas delivery channel. The position of the gas entering the air duct 21 and the concentration of the gas in the pipeline can be controlled by adjusting the valve 14 on the gas delivery channel.

[0019] The duct 21 used in the experiment is made of transparent explosion-proof plexiglass. It is rectangular in shape, with a height of 200mm, a width of 300mm, and a length of 6m. It is divided into four sections with lengths of 2m, 1m, 1m, and 2m respectively. Adjacent sections are connected by flanges. The transparent plexiglass used in this duct allows for clear observation of the experimental process.

[0020] The powder supply system mainly consists of a miniature screw feeder 5 and a control box 6. It serves as a dust source, supplying dust to the experimental equipment. Single or mixed types of dust can be added depending on the required dust type. The control box 6 controls the start and stop of the screw feeder 5 and adjusts the dust supply speed. The screw feeder 5 is used for dust conveying and ensuring a uniform dust supply. Powder supply systems are installed at both ends of the air duct 21, allowing powder to be supplied from both ends.

[0021] The air supply system mainly consists of an axial flow variable frequency fan 2 and duct valves 3. It can simulate airflow of different sizes and control air speed. Air supply systems are installed at both ends of the duct 21, which can simulate dust deposition and movement under unidirectional airflow. By opening the air supply system on the other side, the airflow can be reversed, allowing for the study of dust instability under reversed airflow conditions. Electrostatic dust removal devices 4 are installed on both sides of the duct 21, located inside the air supply system. They prevent dust generation while purifying the gas and recovering useful dust particles, reducing environmental pollution and improving the utilization rate of experimental materials.

[0022] Humidifiers 15, heaters 13, temperature sensors 16, humidity sensors 17, gas concentration sensors 18, wind speed sensors 19, dust concentration sensors 20, and ignition devices 12 are installed at both ends of the air supply system, and are all located inside the air supply system. The ignition devices 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the air duct 21 and are mainly used to provide a controllable ignition source to simulate explosions that may occur under certain special circumstances, such as detecting the explosion limits of the gas-dust mixture system, so as to realize the observation and study of the explosion characteristics of the dust-gas mixture system.

[0023] The humidifiers 15 and heaters 13 at both ends of the air duct 21 are arranged opposite each other, that is, the humidifiers 15 and heaters 13 at each end are located on both sides of the air duct 21. Since humidity and temperature are important factors affecting dust deposition in some actual workplaces, the temperature and humidity inside the duct can be controlled according to the required experimental conditions in order to achieve better experimental results. At the same time, by studying the dust deposition under different humidity and temperature conditions, a reference basis can be provided for preventing disasters caused by airflow reversal.

[0024] Specifically, there are two humidity sensors 17, located on both sides of the air duct 21. Since humidity has a significant impact on dust deposition and instability, this device is mainly used to detect the humidity inside the air duct 21 during the experiment. There are also two temperature sensors 16, located on both sides of the air duct 21. These are mainly used to detect the temperature inside the air duct 21 during the experiment. Temperature is also an important factor affecting the formation and explosion of explosive dust clouds under counter-current airflow. By collecting and analyzing the temperature data during the experiment, the formation of explosive dust clouds can be further analyzed.

[0025] There are two wind speed sensors 19, located on both sides of the air duct 21, used to measure the wind speed data in the air duct 21. Wind speed is an important factor affecting the formation and stability of the dust accumulation layer. Wind speed plays a key role in the deposition, resuspension and transportation stages. By collecting wind speed data, the relationship between the formation of the dust accumulation layer and wind speed can be analyzed, providing a basis for subsequent research on dust suppression measures and preventing dust disasters caused by airflow reversal.

[0026] The gas concentration sensor 18 is located on both sides of the ventilation duct 21. In specific mining operations, there may be gas release and leakage. The gas concentration will affect the dust limit. Studying the dust concentration under different gas concentrations is of great significance for preventing dust disasters.

[0027] Two dust concentration sensors are installed on both sides of the air duct 21. They are primarily used to detect the dust concentration within the air duct 21. In actual working environments, dust accumulation can occur, and explosive dust clouds may be generated within the experimental air duct after airflow reversal. Therefore, studying dust concentration under different wind speeds, temperatures, and humidity levels is crucial for accident prevention. Fixed or movable sensors can be used for data acquisition depending on the experimental conditions.

[0028] The data collected by temperature sensor 16, humidity sensor 17, wind speed sensor 19, gas concentration sensor 18, and dust concentration sensor 20 will all pass through data acquisition terminal 7 and be transmitted to analysis terminal 8 (such as a computer) for analysis and processing.

[0029] The dust collection plates 11 are made of detachable transparent glass plates and are installed in the middle of the four sections of the air duct 21. Each section of the air duct 21 has four dust collection plates 11, for a total of 16. One dust collection plate 11 is arranged on the upper, lower, left, and right walls of each section of the air duct 21. It is mainly used to measure the dust accumulation on the inner wall of the air duct at different distances from the dust source under different experimental conditions, as well as the dust instability at different locations after airflow reversal. The detachable device facilitates experimental observation and research. To ensure experimental accuracy, the dust collection plates 11 must be flush with the inner wall of the air duct 21 and the inner wall of the air duct must be flat. The dust thickness of the sample collected by the dust collection plates 11 is measured based on the principle of micro-weighing. If the dust used in the experiment is mixed dust, the deposition and instability patterns of different types of dust can be further compared and analyzed.

[0030] The three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter 10 and high-speed camera 9 are located in the middle of the entire air duct 21. They are used to measure parameters such as the transport velocity, particle size, and fluid velocity of dust particles under different experimental conditions. The high-speed camera 9 can also record changes in dust movement at the moment of airflow reversal or change of experimental conditions. The three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter 10 and high-speed camera 9 in this device can be fixedly installed or moved according to specific experimental requirements to optimize the overall equipment.

[0031] Example 2 See Figure 2 This embodiment proposes an experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers; it is an experimental device for simulating the deposition and transport laws of dust under angled air ducts.

[0032] The structure is the same as in Example 1: it also includes a premixed gas cylinder 1, an air supply system, an electrostatic dust removal device 4, a powder supply system, a data acquisition terminal 7, an analysis terminal 8, a high-speed camera 9, a three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter 10, a dust collection plate 11, an ignition device 12, a heater 13, a valve 14, a humidifier 15, a temperature sensor 16, a humidity sensor 17, a gas concentration sensor 18, a wind speed sensor 19, a dust concentration sensor 20, and an air duct 21, wherein the data acquisition terminal 7 and the analysis terminal 8 are connected to the respective sensors.

[0033] Unlike Example 1, the structure of the air duct 21 is different. In this example, the air duct 21 can be freely assembled, and different types of experimental air ducts 21 can be designed according to specific experimental requirements. Specifically, in this example, there are two sets of air ducts 21, each set with bending angles at both ends. The two ends of the two sets of air ducts 21 converge and are interconnected, with two movable partitions 22 set at the convergence point. Multiple movable partitions 22 are also sequentially set in the middle of each set of air ducts 21. The size and length of the detection space of the air duct 21 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of partitions 22 or moving the position of the partitions 22. Since the air duct 21 has a splicing structure, it can also be freely assembled according to experimental needs. In this example, a connecting air duct 23 connects the two sets of air ducts 21. The connecting air duct 23 connects the two sets of air ducts 21, and a partition 22 is also set at the connection point, allowing the two sets of air ducts 21 to be connected or disconnected.

[0034] The two ends of the two sets of air ducts 21 are respectively connected to a premixed gas cylinder 1, an air supply system, an electrostatic dust removal device 4, and a powder supply system. Each set of air ducts 21 is equipped with a humidifier 15, a temperature sensor 16, a humidity sensor 17, a gas concentration sensor 18, a wind speed sensor 19, a dust concentration sensor 20, and a heater 13 at both ends. An ignition device 12 is installed in the middle of the air duct 21 and the connecting air duct 23. Dust collection plates 11 are installed on both sides of the middle of the air duct 21 and the middle of the connecting air duct 23. The data collected by the temperature sensor 16, humidity sensor 17, wind speed sensor 19, and gas concentration sensor 18 are all transmitted to the analysis terminal 8 (such as a computer) for analysis and processing after passing through the data acquisition terminal.

[0035] Both the high-speed camera 9 and the three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter 10 are connected to a movable base and move along the air duct 21 to take pictures.

[0036] The above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments. It should not be considered that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the present invention, and all of these should be considered to fall within the scope of patent protection determined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. An experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers, characterized in that, Includes a premixed gas cylinder (1), an air supply system, a powder supply system, a data acquisition terminal (7), an analysis terminal (8), a high-speed camera (9), a three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter (10), a dust collection plate (11), an ignition device (12), a heater (13), a humidifier (15), a temperature sensor (16), a humidity sensor (17), a gas concentration sensor (18), a wind speed sensor (19), a dust concentration sensor (20), and an air duct (21); The air duct (21) is made of transparent explosion-proof glass and is composed of multiple spliced ​​sections; The premixed gas cylinder (1) is connected to different positions on the air duct (21) through the gas conveying channel. A valve (14) is installed on the gas conveying channel. A powder supply system and an air supply system are connected to both ends of the air duct (21). The air supply system is located outside the powder supply system and is used to simulate the deposition and movement of dust under reverse airflow. Humidifier (15), heater (13), temperature sensor (16), humidity sensor (17), gas concentration sensor (18), wind speed sensor (19), dust concentration sensor (20) and ignition device (12) are installed at both ends of the air duct (21); the data collected by the temperature sensor (16), humidity sensor (17), wind speed sensor (19), gas concentration sensor (18) and dust concentration sensor (20) are transmitted to the analysis terminal (8) for analysis and processing through the data acquisition terminal (7); The three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter (10) and the high-speed camera (9) are both connected to the air duct (21); Dust collection plates (11) are installed at different locations in the air duct (21).

2. The experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an electrostatic dust removal device (4), which is installed on both sides of the air duct (21) and located inside the air supply system.

3. The experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The humidifiers (15) and heaters (13) at both ends of the air duct (21) are arranged opposite each other.

4. The experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The powder supply system mainly consists of a miniature screw feeder (5) and a control box (6). The control box (6) controls the start and stop of the screw feeder (5) and adjusts the speed of powder supply.

5. The experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust collection plate (11) is made of detachable transparent glass plate and is installed in the middle of each section of air duct (21). A dust collection plate (11) is arranged on the upper, lower and left and right walls of each section of air duct (21).

6. The experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air ducts (21) are in two groups. Each group of air ducts (21) has a bending angle at both ends. The two ends of the two groups of air ducts (21) converge and are connected to each other. Two movable partitions (22) are set at the convergence point. Multiple movable partitions (22) are also set in the middle of each group of air ducts (21).

7. The dust deposition layer formation and instability mechanism simulation experimental platform according to claim 6, characterized in that, A connecting duct (23) connects the two sets of air ducts (21); the two sets of air ducts (21) are connected by the connecting duct (23), and a partition (22) is also provided at the connection point.

8. The experimental platform for simulating the formation and instability mechanism of dust deposition layers according to claim 7, characterized in that, An ignition device (12) is installed in the middle of the air duct (21) and the connecting air duct (23), and a dust collection plate (11) is installed on both sides of the middle of the air duct (21) and the middle of the connecting air duct (23).

9. The dust deposition layer formation and instability mechanism simulation experimental platform according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The high-speed camera (9) and the three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter (10) are both connected to a movable base.

10. The dust deposition layer formation and instability mechanism simulation experimental platform according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The air supply system includes an axial flow variable frequency fan (2) and duct valves (3).

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