A multifunctional simulation test system for stratum leakage collapse under hydraulic action

Abstract

The application provides a multifunctional simulation test system for stratum leakage collapse under hydraulic action, comprising a test table, a water inlet unit and a mass monitor. A test box can be laid with homogeneous or heterogeneous stratum, a top action cover can adjust water inlet state, a base is provided with a leakage port adjusting unit for controlling leakage flow. Water inlet and outlet pipes are arranged around the test box to simulate lateral seepage influence, and a side wall scale bar displays water level in real time. The action cover is provided with a rainfall adjusting mechanism to adjust rainfall angle and range to simulate different rainfall conditions. The leakage port adjusting unit comprises square or circular leakage ports which can be synchronously adjusted to control dynamic changes of leakage. The system is provided with a high-speed camera to record the leakage collapse process, and real-time mass change data is obtained through the mass monitor to output a mass time curve, thereby providing accurate experimental support for stratum leakage collapse research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of model testing technology for collapse disasters in geotechnical engineering, specifically a multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action. Background Technology

[0002] Ground subsidence is an important branch of geotechnical engineering research. Tunnel leakage (water and sand), karst cavity instability, and underground pipeline leakage can all induce ground subsidence disasters. To predict and prevent ground subsidence disasters, there is an urgent need to develop universal model testing systems to reproduce the disaster process and thus reveal its mechanisms. Existing model testing devices or systems can effectively simulate relevant working conditions, but they also have shortcomings, mainly listed below:

[0003] Patent announcement CN112746635B, entitled "An Invention Patent for a Modular Foundation Pit Engineering Test Device for Water and Sand Leakage Inducing Ground Migration," discloses a modular foundation pit engineering test device that integrates functions such as groundwater level control, changing leak point location, seepage control, soil-water separation, automatic measurement, visualization testing, and modular assembly. The core technology related to this invention is: a leak point control channel to simulate water and sand leakage, and a water and sand protection backflow device to guide the water and sand mixture into an automatic water and sand mass measurement device, thereby measuring the loss mass in real time. The limitations of this technology are: lateral water and sand leakage is designed for the specific characteristics of foundation pits, while in geotechnical engineering, the leak points of water and sand leakage disasters are mostly located below the ground, with vertical seepage. Furthermore, the side panel of the test chamber of this device alters the lateral constraint conditions of the model test, differing from the lateral boundaries of actual foundation pit engineering. Also, the size of the leak point control channel is fixed and cannot be adjusted during the test. At the same time, although the water and sand protection and diversion device guides the leaking water and sand mixture, it also changes the natural flow path of the leaking water and sand. It may also cause some water and sand mixture to remain on it due to friction and other reasons, resulting in inaccurate mass measurement by the automatic water and sand quality measuring device below.

[0004] Patent announcement CN111122830B, entitled "A Simulation Test Device for Covered Karst Collapse and Its Operation Method," discloses a simulation test device and operation method capable of adjusting the size, quantity, and location of karst structures, the thickness of the overburden layer, and the groundwater level. The core technology related to this invention is: a control valve is installed at the opening of the karst structure to adjust its size; a water level control box is connected to the karst structure opening via a water pipe, which can supply water to or drain water from the collapse simulation box, simulating a rise or fall in the water level. The drawbacks of this technology are: the method for adjusting the opening size of the control valve is unclear, and the opening size cannot be accurately determined; furthermore, the device contains multiple control valves, and it is unclear whether they are coupled or individually controlled, which significantly impacts the effectiveness of the technology. Water is supplied from the water level control box through a water channel into the collapse simulation box from bottom to top, failing to simulate lateral seepage of water sources within the strata. In addition, the water pipes provide a channel for transporting collapsed soil, but they may be blocked by the collapsed soil, affecting the collapse effect, and this device cannot measure the quality of the collapse.

[0005] Patent application CN115165628A, entitled "A Road Collapse Test System and Method," discloses a comprehensive road collapse test system and method capable of simulating rainfall, pipeline leakage, and vehicle cyclic load under different soil defects. The core technology related to this invention is the inclusion of a rainfall device to simulate rainfall and a perforated steel plate at the bottom of the model box to simulate ground leakage and collapse. The drawbacks of this technology are: the rainfall plate's angle cannot be adjusted; the size of the perforations on the steel plate at the bottom of the model box is fixed; and the working conditions simulated by the matrix arrangement of the perforations are unclear. Regarding the simulation of pipeline leakage, it only describes the circulation mode of water in underground pipelines, without explaining the implementation method of pipeline leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional simulation test system for formation seepage and collapse under hydraulic action. This system combines multi-condition hydraulic action simulation and gradual adjustment of seepage points, offering diverse functions, strong comprehensiveness, high versatility, and convenient processing and manufacturing with a simple structure.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A multifunctional simulation test system for formation seepage and collapse under hydraulic action includes a test platform, a water inlet unit, and a quality monitoring instrument; the water inlet unit is located on the upper part of the test platform, and the quality monitoring instrument is located on the lower part of the test platform; an opening is provided on the test platform; a seepage receiving container is provided on the quality monitoring instrument;

[0009] The water inlet unit includes:

[0010] The water inlet pipe is equipped with a water meter.

[0011] The test chamber has a top cover, and an upper cover is installed on the top cover. The water injection pipe is connected to the upper cover and communicates with the test chamber. The top cover is used to adjust the water inlet status.

[0012] The base is set above the opening on the test bench, and its upper end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test chamber.

[0013] The leakage outlet adjustment unit, installed inside the base, is used to adjust the flow rate of the specimen falling from the test chamber onto the quality monitoring instrument.

[0014] Preferably, a support is fixedly installed on the test bench, and a high-speed camera is mounted on the support, with the high-speed camera facing downwards from the opening.

[0015] Preferably, the test chamber is equipped with multiple inlet and outlet water pipes; the multiple inlet and outlet water pipes are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the test chamber and are equally spaced along the axis of the test chamber; valves are installed on the inlet and outlet water pipes; and scale strips are provided on the side wall of the test chamber.

[0016] Preferably, the water inlet unit further includes a fixing clip; the function cover and the top cover are installed on the test chamber via the fixing clip.

[0017] Preferably, the inner diameter of the test chamber, the inner diameter of the base, and the diameter of the opening are equal.

[0018] Preferably, the cover is used to simulate rainfall; the cover has multiple rainfall holes arranged in an equally spaced array; a rainfall hose is fixedly installed at the lower end of the cover; multiple rainfall hoses are configured, each corresponding to a rainfall hole, with the upper end of the hose connected to the rainfall hole; a cover is provided on one side of each rainfall hole, one end of which is rotatably mounted on the cover; multiple covers are configured corresponding to the rainfall holes; a grid support is provided below the cover; the lower end of the rainfall hose is fixed to the grid support; a rainfall adjustment rod is fixedly installed on one side of the grid support; a first guide hole adapted to the rainfall adjustment rod is provided on the cover, and the rainfall adjustment rod slidably passes through the first guide hole; a rainfall angle scale is provided on the rainfall adjustment rod.

[0019] Preferably, the cover is used for drainage; the thickness of the cover gradually decreases from the edge to the axis; a small hole is provided at the axis of the cover, and a water injection drainage pipe is installed in the small hole; a receiving funnel is installed above the water injection drainage pipe, and an extension pipe is movably sleeved below it; a limit rod is detachably inserted on one side of the lower part of the water injection drainage pipe; multiple adjustment holes adapted to the limit rod are provided on the extension pipe, and the limit rod is inserted into the extension pipe through the adjustment holes; the multiple adjustment holes are distributed in an equally spaced array along the axis of the extension pipe; a water injection drainage adjustment rod is provided below the cover, and one end of the water injection drainage adjustment rod is fixedly connected to the water injection drainage pipe; a second guide hole adapted to the water injection drainage adjustment rod is provided on the cover, and the water injection drainage adjustment rod is slidably inserted through the second guide hole; a drainage angle scale line is provided on the water injection drainage adjustment rod.

[0020] Preferably, the base includes a top cover and a support platform; the top cover is fixed to the upper part of the support platform; a flange is provided on the top cover, and the top cover is fixedly connected to the test chamber through the flange; a through hole communicating with the test chamber is provided on the top cover and the support platform; and a leakage outlet adjustment unit is provided between the top cover and the support platform.

[0021] Preferably, the leakage outlet adjustment unit includes a square-mouth adjustment disc and multiple square blades; the top cover is provided with a first groove for accommodating the square-mouth adjustment disc, which is rotatably mounted in the first groove; a first adjustment hole communicating with the first groove is provided on one side of the top cover; a square leakage outlet lever is fixedly provided on one side of the square-mouth adjustment disc, one end of which extends through the first adjustment hole to the outside of the top cover; a square leakage outlet adjustment scale line is provided on the top cover above the first adjustment hole; a second groove for accommodating the square blades is provided on the support platform, the square blades are placed in the second groove, and multiple square blades are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the support platform; the second A first guide groove is provided in the groove; a first guide rod is fixedly provided on the lower end face of the square blade, and the first guide rod is slidably provided in the first guide groove; a second guide rod is fixedly provided on the upper end face of the square blade; a second guide groove adapted to the second guide rod is provided on the square opening adjustment plate, and the upper end of the second guide rod is slidably placed in the second guide groove; the second guide groove is provided along the radial direction of the square opening adjustment plate; the axes of the first guide rod and the second guide rod are not in the same straight line; by rotating the square opening adjustment plate by the square leakage port lever, the second guide rod slides along the direction of the second guide groove, and the first guide rod slides in the first guide groove, so that multiple square blades move synchronously.

[0022] Preferably, the leakage outlet adjustment unit includes a circular adjustment disc and multiple arc-shaped blades; the top cover is provided with a third groove for accommodating the circular adjustment disc, which is rotatably mounted in the third groove; a second adjustment hole communicating with the third groove is provided on one side of the top cover; a circular leakage outlet lever is fixedly provided on one side of the circular adjustment disc, one end of which extends through the second adjustment hole to the outside of the top cover; a circular leakage outlet adjustment scale line is provided on the top cover above the second adjustment hole; a fourth groove for accommodating the arc-shaped blades is provided on the support platform, with the arc-shaped blades placed in the fourth groove, and multiple arc-shaped blades arranged in a circumferential array around the axis of the support platform; the upper end of the arc-shaped blades... A third guide rod is fixedly installed on the surface, and a third guide groove adapted to the third guide rod is provided on the circular opening adjustment plate. The upper end of the third guide rod is slidably placed in the third guide groove. The third guide groove is arranged along the radial direction of the circular opening adjustment plate. A circular hole is provided on the arc-shaped blade, and a fourth guide rod adapted to the circular hole is fixedly installed on the support platform. The arc-shaped blade is rotatably mounted on the fourth guide rod through the circular hole. The axes of the third guide rod and the fourth guide rod are not in the same straight line. By rotating the circular opening adjustment plate by the circular leakage port lever, the third guide rod slides along the direction of the third guide groove, and the arc-shaped blade rotates around the axis of the fourth guide rod, so that multiple arc-shaped blades move synchronously.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) It can replace the rain cover or the diversion water injection cover. The rain cover can adjust the rain area, rain angle and rain intensity. The diversion water injection cover has a diversion function, which can reduce the disturbance of the formation to the formation when the simulated water head rises. It can also set the water inflow point at any location for heterogeneous formations.

[0025] (2) It can simulate circular or square leaks, achieve gradual changes in leak size, and quickly and accurately read the leak size.

[0026] (3) Considering the instantaneous nature of the leakage and collapse process, a high-speed camera and a quality monitoring device were installed to record the leakage and collapse process in real time and output the leakage quality time history curve.

[0027] (4) It can simulate various working conditions of stratum seepage and collapse under hydraulic action in geotechnical engineering, and has strong universality. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the square-mouth adjusting disc in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the square-mouthed adjusting disc in this invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circular adjusting disc in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the circular adjustment disc in this invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover used to simulate rainfall in this invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cover used to simulate rainfall in this invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drainage cover in this invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drainage cover in this invention.

[0038] in:

[0039] 1. Test bench; 2. Leakage receiving container; 3. Quality monitoring instrument; 4. High-speed camera; 5. Support; 6. Base; 61. Top cover; 62. Support platform; 63. Square leakage port adjustment scale line; 64. First guide groove; 65. Circular leakage port adjustment scale line; 66. Fourth guide rod; 7. Test chamber; 8. Water injection pipe; 9. Cover; 91. Rainfall hole; 92. Cover; 93. Rainfall adjustment rod; 94. Grid support; 95. Rainfall hose; 96. Extension pipe; 97. Water injection and drainage pipe; 98. Funnel; 99. Injection... 910. Water diversion adjustment rod; 911. Limiting rod; 10. Adjustment hole; 11. Top cover; 12. Fixing clamp; 13. Scale strip; 14. Inlet and outlet water pipes; 15. Leakage outlet adjustment unit; 16. Second guide groove; 17. Square opening adjustment plate; 18. Square leakage outlet lever; 19. Square blade; 10. First guide rod; 11. Second guide rod; 12. Circular leakage outlet lever; 13. Circular opening adjustment plate; 144. Arc-shaped blade; 155. Third guide rod; 16. Third guide groove; 17. Circular hole. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, a multifunctional simulation test system for formation seepage and collapse under hydraulic action includes a test bench 1, a water inlet unit, and a quality monitoring instrument 3; the water inlet unit is located on the upper part of the test bench 1, and the quality monitoring instrument 3 is located on the lower part of the test bench 1; the test bench 1 is provided with an opening; and a seepage receiving container 2 is provided on the quality monitoring instrument 3.

[0042] The water inlet unit includes:

[0043] Water injection pipe 8 is equipped with a water meter, and the input flow rate of water injection pipe 8 is adjustable;

[0044] The test chamber 7 has a top cover 9, and an upper cover 10 on the top cover 9. A water injection pipe 8 is connected to the upper cover 10 and communicates with the test chamber 7. The top cover 9 is used to adjust the water inlet status. The test chamber 7 is used to lay the test stratum, which can be a homogeneous stratum or a heterogeneous stratum.

[0045] The base 6 is set above the opening of the test bench 1, and its upper end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test chamber 7.

[0046] The leakage outlet adjustment unit 14 is installed in the base 6 and is used to adjust the flow rate of the observed material falling from the test chamber 7 onto the quality monitoring instrument 3. The observed material is a mixture of water and the test stratum.

[0047] Water flows from the water injection pipe 8 into the test stratum inside the test chamber 7, and then leaks through the base 6 and the leakage outlet adjustment unit 14 into the leakage receiving container 2. The quality changes are monitored in real time by the quality monitoring instrument 3, which outputs data and quality time history curves.

[0048] In this embodiment, a support 5 is fixedly installed on the test bench 1, and a high-speed camera is mounted on the support 5, facing downwards from the opening. The high-speed camera records the leakage situation. Since the seepage and collapse of the formation is instantaneous, a high-speed camera is used to record the dynamic process of seepage and collapse in real time.

[0049] In this embodiment, multiple inlet and outlet water pipes 13 are installed on the outside of the test chamber 7. These pipes are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the test chamber 7, and are equally spaced along the axis. Valves are installed on the inlet and outlet water pipes 13. A scale bar 12 is provided on the side wall of the test chamber 7 to read the water level in real time. The inlet and outlet water pipes 13 are connected to water pipes to simulate and study the disturbance effects of lateral seepage supply of water in the formation, which is particularly valuable for simulation research on heterogeneous formations.

[0050] In this embodiment, a raised ring is provided on the top edge of the test chamber 7, and the water inlet unit also includes a fixing clip 11; the action cover 9 and the upper cover 10 are installed on the raised ring of the test chamber 7 through the fixing clip 11.

[0051] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the test chamber 7, the inner diameter of the base 6, and the diameter of the opening are equal.

[0052] In this embodiment, the cover 9 is used to simulate rainfall. Multiple rainfall holes 91 are provided on the cover 9, arranged in an equally spaced array. A rainfall hose 95 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the cover 9. Multiple rainfall hoses 95 are configured, each corresponding to a rainfall hole 91, with the upper end of each hose connected to a rainfall hole 91. A cover 92 is provided on one side of each rainfall hole 91, with one end rotatably mounted on the cover 9. Multiple cover 92s are configured corresponding to rainfall holes 91. By covering the corresponding rainfall holes 91 with the cover 92, a rainfall area of ​​a specific shape or area can be simulated. A grid support 94 is provided below the cover 9. The lower end of the rainfall hose 95 is fixed to the grid support 94. A rainfall adjustment rod 93 is fixedly installed on one side of the grid support 94. The cover 9 has a first guide hole adapted to the rainfall adjustment rod 93, through which the rainfall adjustment rod 93 slidably passes. A rainfall angle scale line is provided on the rainfall adjustment rod 93. By pulling the rain adjustment rod 93 to move the grid bracket 94, and in conjunction with the rain angle scale, the rain hose 95 is driven to achieve the desired rain angle. Simultaneously, the rain adjustment rod 93 can be pulled during the experiment to achieve a gradual change in the rain angle, which can be quickly and accurately read from the rain angle scale. Rotating the cover 9 circumferentially, in conjunction with the rain adjustment rod 93, allows for adjustment of the rain angle in three-dimensional space.

[0053] In this embodiment, to prevent the water in the injection pipe 8 from directly falling and impacting the strata, causing unnatural strata collapse and affecting the test results, the action cover 9 is used for drainage, thereby reducing the impact of the water flow on the strata; the thickness of the action cover 9 gradually decreases from the edge to the axis; a small hole is provided at the axis of the action cover 9, and a water injection drainage pipe 97 is installed in the small hole; a receiving funnel 98 is installed above the water injection drainage pipe 97, and an extension pipe 96 is movably sleeved below it; a limit rod 910 is detachably inserted on one side of the lower part of the water injection drainage pipe 97; multiple... An adjustment hole 911 adapted to the limiting rod 910 is inserted into the extension pipe 96 through the adjustment hole 911; multiple adjustment holes 911 are distributed in an equally spaced array along the axial direction of the extension pipe 96; a water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 is provided below the function cover 9, one end of the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 is fixedly connected to the water injection and drainage pipe 97; a second guide hole adapted to the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 is provided on the function cover 9, and the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 is slidably inserted through the second guide hole; a drainage angle scale line is provided on the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99. Water flows from the inside of the water injection and drainage pipe 97 and the extension pipe 96 to the top of the formation, thereby simulating the test condition of water head rise above the formation, ensuring that the impact of water flow on the formation is minimized during the water head rise process. Pulling the water injection and diversion adjustment rod 99 causes the water injection and diversion pipe 97 to tilt at a certain angle, while simultaneously rotating the action cover 9 around the circumference, so that the water flows to any position on a plane of the stratum. This is suitable for spatially asymmetric strata, that is, when a point in a non-homogeneous stratum encounters a sudden influx of water, causing the stratum to become unstable and collapse.

[0054] In this embodiment, the base 6 includes a top cover 61 and a base 62; the top cover 61 is fixed on the upper part of the base 62; a flange is provided on the top cover 61, and it is fixedly connected to the test chamber 7 through the flange; the top cover 61 and the base 62 are provided with through holes communicating with the test chamber 7; the leakage outlet adjustment unit 14 is provided between the top cover 61 and the base 62.

[0055] In this embodiment, the leakage outlet adjustment unit 14 includes a square-mouth adjustment disc 142 and multiple square blades 144; a first groove is provided on the top cover 61 to accommodate the square-mouth adjustment disc 142, which is rotatably installed in the first groove; a first adjustment hole 911 communicating with the first groove is provided on one side of the top cover 61; a square leakage outlet lever 143 is fixedly provided on one side of the square-mouth adjustment disc 142, with one end of the lever 143 extending through the first adjustment hole 911 to the outside of the top cover 61; a square leakage outlet adjustment scale line 63 is provided on the top cover 61 above the first adjustment hole 911; a second groove is provided on the support 62 to accommodate the square blades 144, which are placed in the second groove, and multiple square blades 144 are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the support 62; a first guide groove 64 is provided in the second groove; the square blades A first guide rod 145 is fixedly provided on the lower end face of the blade 144, and the first guide rod 145 is slidably disposed in the first guide groove 64; a second guide rod 146 is fixedly provided on the upper end face of the square blade 144; a second guide groove 141 adapted to the second guide rod 146 is provided on the square opening adjustment plate 142, and the upper end of the second guide rod 146 is slidably placed in the second guide groove 141; the second guide groove 141 is arranged along the radial direction of the square opening adjustment plate 142; the axes of the first guide rod 145 and the second guide rod 146 are not in the same straight line; by rotating the square opening adjustment plate 142 by the square leakage port lever 143, the second guide rod 146 slides along the direction of the second guide groove 141, and the first guide rod 145 slides in the first guide groove 64, so that multiple square blades 144 move synchronously, and the size of the leakage port in the center of multiple square blades 144 is adjusted. The square leakage outlet lever 143 is moved to the corresponding position on the square leakage outlet adjustment scale 63 to simulate leakage and collapse conditions under a specific square leakage outlet size, or to simulate the gradual change in leakage outlet size during the experiment, and the leakage outlet size is read quickly and accurately in real time using the square leakage outlet adjustment scale 63. The inner diameter of the circular opening in the center of the top cover 61, the square opening adjustment plate 142, and the foundation 62 is the same, all larger than the maximum leakage outlet size, so that the size of the device will not affect the formation collapse.

[0056] In this embodiment, the leakage outlet adjustment unit 14 includes a circular adjustment disc 148 and multiple arc-shaped blades 149; a third groove is provided on the top cover 61 to accommodate the circular adjustment disc 148, and the circular adjustment disc 148 is rotatably installed in the third groove; a second adjustment hole 911 communicating with the third groove is provided on one side of the top cover 61; a circular leakage outlet lever 147 is fixedly provided on one side of the circular adjustment disc 148, and one end of the circular leakage outlet lever 147 extends through the second adjustment hole 911 to the outside of the top cover 61; a circular leakage outlet adjustment scale line 65 is provided on the top cover 61 above the second adjustment hole 911; a fourth groove is provided on the support platform 62 to accommodate the arc-shaped blades 149, and the arc-shaped blades 149 are placed in the fourth groove, with multiple arc-shaped blades 149 arranged in a circumferential array around the axis of the support platform 62; a third guide rod 15 is fixedly provided on the upper end face of the arc-shaped blades 149. 0. A third guide groove 151 adapted to the third guide rod 150 is provided on the circular opening adjustment plate 148. The upper end of the third guide rod 150 is slidably placed in the third guide groove 151. The third guide groove 151 is arranged along the radial direction of the circular opening adjustment plate 148. A circular hole 152 is provided on the arc-shaped blade 149. A fourth guide rod 66 adapted to the circular hole 152 is fixedly provided on the support 62. The arc-shaped blade 149 is rotatably mounted on the fourth guide rod 66 through the circular hole 152. The axes of the third guide rod 150 and the fourth guide rod 66 are not in the same straight line. By rotating the circular opening adjustment plate 148 through the circular leakage port lever 147, the third guide rod 150 slides along the direction of the third guide groove 151, and the arc-shaped blade 149 rotates around the axis of the fourth guide rod 66, so that multiple arc-shaped blades 149 move synchronously to achieve a gradual change in the size of the circular leakage port. The circular leak outlet lever 147 is moved to the corresponding position on the circular leak outlet adjustment scale line 65 to simulate leakage and collapse conditions under a specific circular leak outlet size, or to simulate the gradual change in leak outlet size during the experiment, and to read the leak outlet size quickly and accurately in real time using the circular leak outlet scale. The inner diameter of the circular openings in the center of the top cover 61, the circular opening adjustment plate 148, and the foundation 62 is the same, all larger than the maximum leak outlet size, so that the size of the device will not affect the formation collapse.

[0057] How to use

[0058] 1. Experimental preparation

[0059] Place test bench 1 on a stable horizontal surface to ensure the equipment is secure.

[0060] The required geological material is laid in the test chamber 7. Homogeneous or heterogeneous geological layers can be selected, and the density can be adjusted.

[0061] Connect the water inlet unit and check whether the water injection pipe 8, water inlet and outlet pipes 13 and cover 9 are securely installed.

[0062] 2. Water flow regulation

[0063] Adjust the flow rate of the water injection pipe 8 and set the water inlet rate. The water flow distribution can be controlled by the cover 9.

[0064] Rotate or pull the rainfall adjustment mechanism to adjust the rainfall angle, intensity, and range to simulate different rainfall conditions.

[0065] Open valve 13 of the inlet and outlet water pipes to control the lateral seepage of the formation.

[0066] 3. Leakage outlet adjustment

[0067] Choose to use either a square or round leak outlet adjustment unit 14.

[0068] By adjusting the size of the seepage opening with a lever, the opening can be gradually enlarged or reduced to observe the formation stability under different seepage conditions.

[0069] 4. Experimental monitoring

[0070] Start the quality monitoring instrument 3 to record the changes in the quality of the leaked material in real time and output the quality time history curve.

[0071] Turn on the high-speed camera, aim it at the opening location, and record the leakage and collapse process in real time to obtain dynamic data.

[0072] 5. Data Recording and Analysis

[0073] The leakage rate and quality change patterns were analyzed using data from the quality monitoring instrument 3.

[0074] By reviewing the leakage and collapse process recorded by high-speed cameras and combining the data from the leakage outlet adjustment, the mechanism of stratum instability was analyzed.

[0075] 6. End of experiment

[0076] Close the water inlet unit and drain the residual water and formation materials from test chamber 7.

[0077] Clean the equipment, ensure all components are dry, and store it in a suitable environment for future use.

Claims

1. A multifunctional simulation test system for the hydraulic subsidence of a formation, characterized in that, It includes a test bench (1), a water inlet unit and a quality monitoring instrument (3); the water inlet unit is located on the upper part of the test bench (1) and the quality monitoring instrument (3) is located on the lower part of the test bench (1); the test bench (1) is provided with openings; The quality monitoring instrument (3) is equipped with a leakage receiving container (2); The water inlet unit includes: Water inlet pipe (8), equipped with a water meter; The test chamber (7) has a top cover (9) and an upper cover (10) on the top cover (9). A water injection pipe (8) is connected to the upper cover (10) and communicates with the test chamber (7). The top cover (9) is used to adjust the water inlet state. The top cover (9) is used to simulate rainfall. The top cover (9) has multiple rainfall holes (91) and the multiple rainfall holes (91) are arranged in an equally spaced array on the top cover (9). A rainfall hose (95) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the top cover (9). Multiple rainfall hoses (95) are configured, and the multiple rainfall hoses (95) are corresponding to the multiple rainfall holes (91). The upper end of the rainfall hose (95) is connected to the rainfall hole (91). The hole (91) is connected; a cover (92) is provided on one side of the rain hole (91), and one end of the cover (92) is rotatably mounted on the function cover (9); multiple covers (92) are configured corresponding to the rain holes (91); a grid bracket (94) is provided below the function cover (9); the lower end of the rain hose (95) is fixed on the grid bracket (94); a rain adjusting rod (93) is fixedly provided on one side of the grid bracket (94), and a first guide hole adapted to the rain adjusting rod (93) is provided on the function cover (9), and the rain adjusting rod (93) is slidably installed through the first guide hole; a rain angle scale line is provided on the rain adjusting rod (93); A base (6) is set above the opening of the test bench (1), and its upper end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test chamber (7); the base (6) includes a top cover (61) and a support (62); the top cover (61) is fixed on the upper part of the support (62); a flange is provided on the top cover (61), and it is fixedly connected to the test chamber (7) through the flange; the top cover (61) and the support (62) are provided with through holes communicating with the test chamber (7); A leakage outlet adjustment unit (14) is installed inside the base (6) to adjust the flow rate of the observed material falling from the test chamber (7) onto the quality monitoring instrument (3); the leakage outlet adjustment unit (14) is located between the top cover (61) and the support platform (62); the leakage outlet adjustment unit (14) includes a square-mouth adjustment plate (142) and multiple square blades (144); the top cover (61) is provided with a first groove for accommodating the square-mouth adjustment plate (142), and the square-mouth adjustment plate (142) is rotatably installed in the first groove; the top cover (61) A first adjustment hole (911) communicating with the first groove is provided on one side of the square adjustment plate (142); a square leakage port lever (143) is fixedly provided on one side of the square adjustment plate (142), one end of the square leakage port lever (143) extends through the first adjustment hole (911) to the outside of the top cover (61); a square leakage port adjustment scale line (63) is provided on the top cover (61) above the first adjustment hole (911); a second groove for accommodating a square blade (144) is provided on the support plate (62), the square blade (144) is placed in the second groove, and more A square blade (144) is arranged in a circular array around the axis of the support (62); a first guide groove (64) is provided in the second groove; a first guide rod (145) is fixedly provided on the lower end face of the square blade (144), and the first guide rod (145) is slidably provided in the first guide groove (64); a second guide rod (146) is fixedly provided on the upper end face of the square blade (144); a second guide groove (141) is provided on the square adjustment plate (142) to match the second guide rod (146), and the second guide rod (146) is slidably provided in the first guide groove (64); a second guide groove (141) is provided on the square adjustment plate (142) to match the second guide rod (146), and the second guide rod (146) is slidably provided in the first guide groove (64) ... The upper end of 46) is slidably placed in the second guide groove (141); the second guide groove (141) is set along the radial direction of the square opening adjustment plate (142); the axes of the first guide rod (145) and the second guide rod (146) are not in the same straight line; by rotating the square opening adjustment plate (142) through the square leakage port lever (143), the second guide rod (146) slides along the direction of the second guide groove (141), and the first guide rod (145) slides in the first guide groove (64), so that multiple square blades (144) move synchronously.

2. The multifunctional simulation test system for formation leakage collapse under hydraulic action according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support (5) is fixedly installed on the test bench (1), and a high-speed camera is installed on the support (5), with the high-speed camera facing downwards from the opening.

3. The multifunctional simulation test system for formation leakage collapse under hydraulic action according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test chamber (7) is equipped with multiple inlet and outlet water pipes (13); the multiple inlet and outlet water pipes (13) are arranged in a circular array with the axis of the test chamber (7) as the center and are arranged in an array at equal intervals along the axis of the test chamber (7); valves are installed on the inlet and outlet water pipes (13); scale strips (12) are provided on the side wall of the test chamber (7).

4. The multifunctional simulation test system for formation leakage collapse under hydraulic action according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet unit also includes a fixing clip (11); the function cover (9) and the top cover (10) are installed on the test chamber (7) by the fixing clip (11).

5. The multifunctional simulation test system for formation leakage collapse under hydraulic action according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the test chamber (7), the inner diameter of the base (6), and the diameter of the opening are all equal.

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