Sensor array structure meeting brightness enhancement of focal plane type polarization imaging mechanism

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of polarization imaging, discloses a sensor array structure meeting brightness enhancement of a focal plane type polarization imaging mechanism, and aims to solve the problem that an image is too dark due to a polarizer in a traditional polarization imaging mechanism. By designing 2N * 2N (N is greater than or equal to 2) pixel color polarization array super-pixel units in gamma arrangement in different proportions, a traditional super-pixel concept is abandoned, brightness optimization balance between RGB color information and polarization information acquisition is realized, a light compensation formula for calculating light intensity attenuation based on actual shooting conditions is designed, and the brightness of the RGB color information and the polarization information is optimized and balanced. And pixel gray values of the polarization units in different polarization directions are compensated, so that the problem of darkness of a polarization imaging mechanism is effectively solved. The sensor array structure designed by the invention not only is easy to process, but also has good light transmission performance, and high-quality RGB and polarization information can be obtained while polarization information is reserved to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of polarization imaging, and in particular relates to a sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of a split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism. Background Art

[0002] In modern photography and imaging applications, polarization imaging technology has attracted much attention because it can provide additional physical information about the surface characteristics of objects and atmospheric conditions. In traditional methods, the polarization direction unit is placed on the photodiode of the color reference unit to achieve a single shot to simultaneously obtain the color image and the polarization state of light, such as Figure 1 However, the presence of the polarization direction unit will block part of the incident light, resulting in a significant decrease in the brightness of the polarization image finally obtained, affecting the image quality and practicality.

[0003] Due to the filtering effect of the polarization direction unit on light, the images captured by the traditional polarization imaging system are usually darker. The traditional design method is difficult to achieve high-quality color images and accurate polarization information collection in the same framework. Existing polarization imaging solutions often rely on complex optical components, which not only increases the manufacturing cost and technical complexity, but also limits the wide application of the system. In view of the above problems, it is urgent to design a new sensor array structure and its corresponding brightness compensation algorithm to efficiently obtain color images and polarization data without sacrificing image quality, and effectively solve the problem of too dark images caused by the polarization imaging mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sensor array structure for brightness enhancement of a split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism. By optimizing the γ ratio between the polarization direction unit and the color reference unit, and designing a compensation method to compensate for the light intensity in each polarization direction, the present invention aims to solve the image darkening problem caused by the existing polarization imaging mechanism technology. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a series of simulation experiments, which were tested under different γ ratio conditions. The experimental results verify that the proposed method can effectively improve the image brightness while ensuring high-quality color images and accurate polarization information acquisition.

[0005] The technical solution is as follows: a sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism, comprising:

[0006] Color polarization unit array structure, composed of multiple 2 N ×2 N (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel units are superimposed and repeatedly arranged;

[0007] The pixel color polarization array super pixel unit includes a color reference unit and a polarization direction unit, and the color reference unit and the polarization direction unit are arranged in a ratio of γ. Specifically, it includes 2 2N-4 Color reference units and 4 polarization direction units;

[0008] The color reference unit and the polarization direction unit of the color polarization unit array structure are integrated on the surface of each pixel of the CMOS pixel array.

[0009] Furthermore, the sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism is characterized in that the 2 N ×2 N (N≥2) pixel color polarization array super pixel unit can be 4×4 pixel array, 8×8 pixel array, 16×16 pixel array, etc.;

[0010] 2 N ×2 N The color reference units in the (N≥2) pixel color polarization array super pixel unit structure include an R (red) color reference unit, a G (green) color reference unit, and a B (blue) color reference unit, and each color reference unit is arranged in a 2×2 square matrix; N ×2 N The four polarization directions of the polarization direction units in the (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel unit structure are 0°, 45°, 90° and 135°, and the polarization direction units are arranged in a 2×2 square matrix.

[0011] Furthermore, the sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism is characterized in that in each pixel color polarization array superpixel unit, the polarization direction unit replaces the color reference unit (2×2 array) at any position to form an arrangement pattern with different γ ratios;

[0012] The proportion γ of its polarization direction unit in the pixel color polarization array superpixel unit is:

[0013]

[0014] Wherein, N is the number of pixel color polarization array superpixel units, N≥2; γ is the proportion of polarization direction units in the designed pixel color polarization array superpixel unit structure;

[0015] The proportion of its color reference unit in the color polarization unit array structure is γ 1 for:

[0016] γ 1 =1-2 2-2N (2)

[0017] Among them, γ 1 It is the proportion of the color reference unit in the designed pixel color polarization array superpixel unit structure.

[0018] Furthermore, the sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism is characterized in that:

[0019] The polarization direction unit can replace the G color reference unit, and can also be applied to the R color reference unit or the B color reference unit;

[0020] As mentioned in 2 N ×2 N In the (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel unit, the G color reference units in the first and second rows are 90° polarization unit, 45° polarization unit, 135° polarization unit and 0° polarization unit from left to right and from top to bottom, and the arrangement of the remaining units is the same as the corresponding color reference units.

[0021] Furthermore, the sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism is characterized by comprising:

[0022] Using K 1 ,K 1 ,...,K 2N The pixel color polarization array composed of units is arranged into a color polarization unit array structure; wherein, K 1 ,K 2 ,...,K 2N (Except K 3 ,K 4 ,K 7 ,K 8 The K and G colors correspond to the R color reference unit, the G color reference unit and the B color reference unit in the standard color reference unit respectively; 3 ,K 4 ,K 7 ,K 8 Corresponding to the 90° polarization unit, the 45° polarization unit, the 135° polarization unit, and the 0° polarization unit in sequence;

[0023] The K 1 ,K 2 ,...,K 2N The calculation formula of the pixel gray value of the unit is:

[0024]

[0025] Where, I represents the pixel grayscale value in the corresponding color reference unit; I 0 Represents the pixel grayscale value of the 0° polarization direction; I 45Represents the pixel grayscale value in the 45° polarization direction; I 90 Represents the pixel grayscale value in the 90° polarization direction; I 135 Represents the pixel grayscale value of the 135° polarization direction; Indicates the corresponding color or polarization direction reference unit.

[0026] Furthermore, the sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism is characterized in that the reconstructed color polarization unit array structure can realize the light intensity compensation corresponding to different polarization units in the polarization imaging mechanism through the following steps:

[0027] Use a standard light box (D65) to provide a constant incident light source; adjust the visible light camera and polarization camera of the same model to ensure that they work under the same optical parameters (such as focal length, aperture, exposure time, etc.); decompose the polarization image collected by the polarization camera into intensity images of different polarization directions; compare the visible light image taken by the visible light camera with the intensity images of different polarization directions, and calculate the light intensity attenuation in each polarization direction. The specific calculation is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, β i Indicates the light intensity attenuation when the polarization angle is i; PA i Represents the pixel grayscale value when the polarization angle is i; PA v Represents the pixel grayscale value of the visible light image corresponding to the polarization image;

[0030] According to the attenuation β i The grayscale value PA of polarization unit pixel in different polarization directions i Compensation is performed, and its compensation coefficient ξ i Defined as:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, ξ i represents the compensation coefficient when the polarization angle is i;

[0033] Furthermore, according to the Stokes vector definition, the polarization state of the light of the pixel is expressed as follows:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, S 0 Represents the total light intensity of the incident light source; S 1 It represents the light intensity difference between the 0° and 90° orthogonal polarization directions in the incident light source; S 2It represents the light intensity difference in the linear polarization direction of the incident light source at 45° and 135° orthogonal polarization directions;

[0036] Furthermore, the polarization state of the pixel light calculated according to the Stokes vector formula can be used to derive the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and the angle of polarization (AoP), thereby achieving polarization imaging. The specific formulas for the degree of linear polarization and the angle of polarization are as follows:

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] Wherein, DoLP represents the degree of linear polarization; AoP represents the angle of polarization.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include: first, by introducing a unique design of 2 N ×2 N The (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel unit abandons the traditional superpixel concept. The present invention can effectively overcome the brightness loss caused by the polarization direction unit, ensuring the optimal balance between the brightness of the image color information and the polarization information acquisition; secondly, a light compensation formula based on actual shooting conditions to calculate the light intensity attenuation is proposed, which allows the grayscale values ​​of polarization unit pixels in different polarization directions to be accurately adjusted. This compensation mechanism ensures the consistency and stability of the image under various lighting conditions, further improving the imaging effect; finally, compared with the traditional polarization imaging method, the array structure adopted by the present invention has a higher light transmittance, reduces the loss in the optical fiber transmission process, and ensures the maximization of the effective light flux from the light source to the sensor.

[0041] In summary, the ultimate goal of this invention is to build a high-performance imaging system that can effectively solve the problem of dark images in traditional polarization imaging mechanisms through innovative sensor array structures and advanced light compensation algorithms. This system can not only operate stably in complex and changing environments, but also provide strong support for scientific research and technological applications, marking an important advancement in polarization imaging technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of integrating polarization array on the image sensor pixel array;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the traditional focal plane polarization array structure;

[0044] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Reconstructed original mosaic image of method design;

[0045] Figure 4It is the attenuation trend of different polarization angles in real environment;

[0046] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 4×4 pixel color polarization array superpixel unit;

[0047] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Reconstructed original mosaic image of method design;

[0048] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a super pixel unit of an 8×8 pixel color polarization array;

[0049] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Reconstructed original mosaic image of method design;

[0050] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 16×16 pixel color polarization array superpixel unit;

[0051] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Reconstructed original mosaic image of the method design. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The provided embodiments are intended to clearly explain the technical details of the present invention, but these examples are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0053] In this embodiment, the focal plane polarization array structure mosaic diagram, from left to right, from top to bottom as K 1 ,K 2 ,K 3 ,,K 4 ,……

[0054] The traditional focal plane array structure is a photoelectric detection device that can simultaneously obtain light intensity, color and polarization information in a scene, as shown in the schematic diagram Figure 2 As shown, the structure includes a color reference unit and a polarization direction unit that are aligned one by one. Figure 3 Demonstrated based on Figure 2 The reconstructed original mosaic image is designed. The color polarization mosaic image obtained by simulating the traditional focal plane array structure (see Figure 3 ) shows that the existing polarization imaging mechanism will cause a significant reduction in image brightness. Therefore, the focus of the present invention is to design a simple and effective Bayer sensor array structure to improve the image darkening problem caused by the polarization imaging mechanism, thereby ensuring high-quality color images while achieving accurate polarization information acquisition.

[0055] To this end, the present invention provides a sensor array structure for brightness enhancement of a split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism. The structure optimizes the γ ratio between the polarization direction unit and the color reference unit and introduces a compensation method to compensate for the light intensity in each polarization direction, thereby effectively solving the image darkening problem caused by the polarization imaging mechanism.

[0056] The present invention designs a sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism, namely, a color polarization unit array structure, which consists of multiple 2 N ×2 N (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel units are superimposed and repeatedly arranged; in the embodiment of the present invention, N is 2, 3, or 4.

[0057] The pixel color polarization array super pixel unit includes a color reference unit and a polarization direction unit, and the color reference unit and the polarization direction unit are arranged in a ratio of γ. Specifically, it includes 2 2N-4 The invention discloses a color reference unit and four polarization direction units; the color reference unit and the polarization direction unit of the color polarization unit array structure are integrated on the surface of each pixel of the CMOS pixel array.

[0058] Furthermore, the sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the focal plane polarization imaging mechanism is characterized in that in each pixel color polarization array superpixel unit, the polarization direction unit replaces the color reference unit (2×2 array) at any position to form an arrangement pattern with different γ ratios;

[0059] The proportion γ of its polarization direction unit in the pixel color polarization array superpixel unit is:

[0060]

[0061] Wherein, N is the number of pixel color polarization array superpixel units, N≥2; γ is the proportion of polarization direction units in the designed pixel color polarization array superpixel unit structure;

[0062] The proportion of its color reference unit in the color polarization unit array structure is γ 1 for:

[0063] γ 1 =1-2 2-2N (2)

[0064] Among them, γ 1 It is the proportion of the color reference unit in the designed pixel color polarization array superpixel unit structure.

[0065] Further, the polarization direction unit may replace the G color reference unit, and may also be applicable to the R color reference unit or the B color reference unit; in the embodiment of the present invention, they are all replaced by the G color reference unit.

[0066] As mentioned in 2 N ×2 N In the (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel unit, the G color reference units in the first and second rows are 90° polarization unit, 45° polarization unit, 135° polarization unit and 0° polarization unit from left to right and from top to bottom, and the arrangement of the remaining units is the same as the corresponding color reference units.

[0067] use The pixel color polarization array super pixel units composed of units are arranged into a color polarization unit array structure; wherein, (Except K 3 ,K 4 ,K 7 ,K 8 The K and G colors correspond to the R color reference unit, the G color reference unit and the B color reference unit in the standard color reference unit respectively; 3 ,K 4 ,K 7 ,K 8 Corresponding to the 90° polarization unit, the 45° polarization unit, the 135° polarization unit, and the 0° polarization unit in sequence;

[0068] Said The calculation formula of the pixel gray value of the unit is:

[0069]

[0070] Where, I represents the pixel grayscale value in the corresponding color reference unit; I 0 Represents the pixel grayscale value of the 0° polarization direction; I 45 Represents the pixel grayscale value in the 45° polarization direction; I 90 Represents the pixel grayscale value in the 90° polarization direction; I 135 Indicates the pixel grayscale value of the 135° polarization direction; K 1 ,K 2 ,...,K 2N Indicates the corresponding color or polarization direction reference unit.

[0071] This embodiment explores the Daheng camera, such as Figure 4 The attenuation measurement of different polarization angles in a real environment under a traditional Bayer sensor array is shown.

[0072] The specific plan is as follows:

[0073] Use a standard light box (D65) to provide a constant incident light source; adjust the same model of Daheng visible light camera and Daheng polarization camera to ensure that they work under the same optical parameters (such as focal length, aperture, exposure time, etc.); decompose the polarization image collected by the polarization camera into intensity images of different polarization directions; compare the visible light image taken by the visible light camera with the intensity images of different polarization directions, and calculate the light intensity attenuation in each polarization direction. The specific calculation is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, β i Indicates the light intensity attenuation when the polarization angle is i; PA i Represents the pixel grayscale value when the polarization angle is i; PA v Represents the pixel grayscale value of the visible light image corresponding to the polarization image;

[0076] according to Figure 4 It can be seen that the attenuation of the 0° image is 0.21%, the attenuation of the 45° image is 0.22%, the attenuation of the 90° image is 26%, and the attenuation of the 135° image is 21%. According to the above attenuation, light intensity compensation is performed for the corresponding polarization angles.

[0077] The specific compensation is as follows:

[0078] According to the attenuation β i The grayscale value PA of polarization unit pixel in different polarization directions i Compensation is performed, and its compensation coefficient ξ i Defined as:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, ξ i represents the compensation coefficient when the polarization angle is i; in the embodiment of the present invention, since a large constant camera is used, ξ 0° =1.27,ξ 45° =1.28,ξ 90° =1.35 and ξ 135° =1.27.

[0081] In the present embodiment 1, N is 2, and the color reference unit and the polarization direction unit are arranged in a ratio of γ=1 / 4, specifically including 12 color reference units and 4 polarization direction units. The schematic diagram of the structure of the pixel color polarization array super pixel unit is as follows: Figure 5 As shown; Figure 5 The results of the reconstructed original mosaic image designed by the method are as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0082] In the present embodiment 2, N is 3, and the color reference units and polarization direction units are arranged in a ratio of γ=1 / 16, specifically including 60 color reference units and 4 polarization direction units. The schematic diagram of the structure of the pixel color polarization array super pixel unit is as follows: Figure 7 As shown; Figure 7 The results of the reconstructed original mosaic image designed by the method are as follows Figure 8 shown.

[0083] In the present embodiment 3, N is 4, and the color reference units and polarization direction units are arranged in a ratio of γ=1 / 64, specifically including 60 color reference units and 4 polarization direction units. The schematic diagram of the structure of the pixel color polarization array super pixel unit is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown; Fig. 9 The results of the reconstructed original mosaic image designed by the method are as follows Fig.10 shown.

[0084] Furthermore, according to the Stokes vector definition, the polarization state of the light of the pixel is expressed as follows:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, S 0 Represents the total light intensity of the incident light source; S 1 It represents the light intensity difference between the 0° and 90° orthogonal polarization directions in the incident light source; S 2 It represents the light intensity difference in the linear polarization direction of the incident light source at 45° and 135° orthogonal polarization directions;

[0087] Furthermore, the polarization state of the pixel light calculated according to the Stokes vector formula can be used to derive the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and the angle of polarization (AoP), thereby achieving polarization imaging. The specific formulas for the degree of linear polarization and the angle of polarization are as follows:

[0088]

[0089] Wherein, DoLP represents the degree of linear polarization; AoP represents the angle of polarization.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present invention, the optimal brightness balance between the image color information and the polarization information acquisition is achieved through a uniquely designed pixel arrangement, the image brightness is significantly improved, and a light intensity attenuation compensation formula based on actual shooting conditions is introduced to ensure accurate adjustment of pixel grayscale values ​​in different polarization directions, providing a more realistic image effect. After exhaustive experimental verification, N=2 or N=3 was determined to be the optimal value. Such a choice can not only provide a better brightness improvement subjectively, but also effectively maintain the integrity of the polarization element, avoiding the problem of serious loss of polarization information due to excessively high N values ​​(such as N=4). This optimization ensures that the best balance is found between brightness enhancement and polarization information retention, thereby providing users with high-quality imaging results while meeting the strict requirements of professional applications for data accuracy.

[0091] In summary, the above description embodies the preferred embodiments of the present invention, however, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focal plane polarization imaging mechanism, characterized in that: include: Color polarization unit array structure, composed of multiple 2 N ×2 N (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel units are superimposed and repeatedly arranged; The pixel color polarization array super pixel unit includes a color reference unit and a polarization direction unit, and the color reference unit and the polarization direction unit are arranged in a ratio of γ. Specifically, it includes 2 2N-4 Color reference units and 4 polarization direction units; The color reference unit and the polarization direction unit of the color polarization unit array structure are integrated on the surface of each pixel of the CMOS pixel array.

2. According to claim 1, a sensor array structure that satisfies the brightness enhancement of the split-focus plane polarization imaging mechanism is characterized in that: 2 N ×2 N (N≥2) pixel color polarization array super pixel unit can be 4×4 pixel array, 8×8 pixel array, 16×16 pixel array, etc.; 2 N ×2 N The color reference units in the (N≥2) pixel color polarization array super pixel unit structure include an R (red) color reference unit, a G (green) color reference unit, and a B (blue) color reference unit, and each color reference unit is arranged in a 2×2 square matrix; N ×2 N The four polarization directions of the polarization direction units in the (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel unit structure are 0°, 45°, 90° and 135°, and the polarization direction units are arranged in a 2×2 square matrix.

3. The sensor array structure satisfying brightness enhancement of the split-focal plane polarization imaging mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: In each pixel color polarization array superpixel unit, the polarization direction unit replaces the color reference unit (2×2 array) at any position to form an arrangement pattern with different γ ratios; The proportion γ of its polarization direction unit in the pixel color polarization array superpixel unit is: Wherein, N is the number of pixel color polarization array superpixel units, N≥2; γ is the proportion of polarization direction units in the designed pixel color polarization array superpixel unit structure; The proportion γ1 of the color reference unit in the color polarization unit array structure is: γ1=1-2 2-2N (2) Among them, γ1 is the proportion of the color reference unit in the designed pixel color polarization array superpixel unit structure.

4. The sensor array structure satisfying brightness enhancement of the split-focal plane polarization imaging mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The polarization direction unit can replace the G color reference unit, and can also be applied to the R color reference unit or the B color reference unit; As mentioned in 2 N ×2 N In the (N≥2) pixel color polarization array superpixel unit, the G color reference units in the first and second rows are 90° polarization unit, 45° polarization unit, 135° polarization unit and 0° polarization unit from left to right and from top to bottom, and the arrangement of the remaining units is the same as the corresponding color reference units.

5. A sensor array structure satisfying brightness enhancement of a focal plane polarization imaging mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: include: use The pixel color polarization array super pixel units composed of units are arranged into a color polarization unit array structure; wherein, (Except K3, K4, K7, K8) correspond to the R color reference unit, G color reference unit and B color reference unit in the standard color reference unit respectively; K3, K4, K7, K8 correspond to the 90° polarization unit, 45° polarization unit, 135° polarization unit and 0° polarization unit respectively; Said The calculation formula of the pixel gray value of the unit is: Where, I represents the pixel grayscale value in the corresponding color reference unit; I0 ​​represents the pixel grayscale value in the 0° polarization direction; I 45 Represents the pixel grayscale value in the 45° polarization direction; I 90 Represents the pixel grayscale value in the 90° polarization direction; I 135 Represents the pixel grayscale value of the 135° polarization direction; Indicates the corresponding color or polarization direction reference unit.

6. The sensor array structure satisfying brightness enhancement of the split-focal-plane polarization imaging mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reconstructed color polarization unit array structure can realize light intensity compensation corresponding to different polarization units in the polarization imaging mechanism through the following steps: Use a standard light box (D65) to provide a constant incident light source; adjust the visible light camera and polarization camera of the same model to ensure that they work under the same optical parameters (such as focal length, aperture, exposure time, etc.); decompose the polarization image collected by the polarization camera into intensity images of different polarization directions; compare the visible light image taken by the visible light camera with the intensity images of different polarization directions, and calculate the light intensity attenuation in each polarization direction. The specific calculation is as follows: In the formula, β i Indicates the light intensity attenuation when the polarization angle is i; PA i Represents the pixel grayscale value when the polarization angle is i; PA v Represents the pixel grayscale value of the visible light image corresponding to the polarization image; According to the attenuation β i The grayscale value PA of polarization unit pixel in different polarization directions i Compensation is performed, and its compensation coefficient ξ i Defined as: Among them, ξ i represents the compensation coefficient when the polarization angle is i; Furthermore, according to the Stokes vector definition, the polarization state of the light of the pixel is expressed as follows: Wherein, S0 represents the total light intensity of the incident light source; S1 represents the light intensity difference between the 0° and 90° orthogonal polarization directions of the incident light source in the linear polarization direction; S2 represents the light intensity difference between the 45° and 135° orthogonal polarization directions of the incident light source in the linear polarization direction; Furthermore, the polarization state of the pixel light calculated according to the Stokes vector formula can be used to derive the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and the angle of polarization (AoP), thereby achieving polarization imaging. The specific formulas for the degree of linear polarization and the angle of polarization are as follows: Wherein, DoLP represents the degree of linear polarization; AoP represents the angle of polarization.

Images