A method for growing figs with increased yield

Abstract

The application discloses a fig planting method capable of improving yield, and comprises the following steps: (1), seedling selection and greenhouse selection; (2), land preparation; (3), timely planting; (4), shaping and pruning; (5), greenhouse management; and (6), timely harvesting. Compared with the prior art, the fig planting method provided by the application can effectively improve fruit quality, prolong the picking period, reduce diseases and insect pests, and improve production efficiency by following the growth law of figs and scientifically cultivating and managing the figs at different growth stages, and is a high-efficiency, environment-friendly and sustainable cultivation mode, and the whole process is simple, convenient and low in cost, and has wide market prospects and is convenient to popularize and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting technology, and in particular to a method for planting figs that can increase yield. Background Technology

[0002] The fig (Ficus carica L.) belongs to the genus Ficus in the family Moraceae. It is a subtropical deciduous shrub or small tree; the fruit is bulbous with a small hole at the end. The fruit, stems, and leaves of the fig tree are rich in various amino acids, vitamins, and polysaccharides—essential components of a balanced human diet—and possess edible, medicinal, and ornamental value. Figs have thin skin, are seedless, have soft flesh, a sweet and refreshing taste, and high nutritional value, making them popular with consumers. Fig trees generally bear fruit in the year of transplanting, yield a high harvest in the second year, and reach full production in three years. Their economic lifespan can last for decades, making fig cultivation quite profitable.

[0003] Currently, fig cultivation in my country is concentrated in Xinjiang, Shandong, and Sichuan. Traditional field-grown fig techniques in Xinjiang mainly include: variety selection, site selection, planting and establishment, fertilizer and water management, pest and disease control, pruning, and harvesting. However, because traditional cultivation techniques rely heavily on farmers' experience, they are limited by technical constraints, resulting in slow fig growth, low fruit yield, and numerous quality problems such as discoloration and deformities. This significantly impacts farmers' income and hinders large-scale fig production. Therefore, a method to increase fig yield is needed.

[0004] CN109548544A discloses a method for controlling pests and diseases in fig cultivation. This method includes land selection and improvement, cutting propagation, seedling treatment and planting, planting repellent and attractant plants, pruning, water and fertilizer management, and harvesting. While this method effectively controls pests and diseases in fig trees, reduces the use of traditional pesticides, increases the edible value of fig trees, and significantly improves the survival rate and growth of fig trees, the low fig yield is not conducive to generating good economic benefits.

[0005] CN111642314A discloses a high-yield and stable fig planting method. The method includes the following steps: 1) Selecting a suitable planting site; 2) Digging planting pits, mixing farmyard manure with phosphorus and potassium-containing chemical fertilizer in a specific ratio, and filling the pits; 3) Planting and transplanting figs at a spacing of 1.5 x 2 meters; 4) Applying fertilizer monthly during the growing season, mixing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a weight ratio of 0.5:1:1 and then applying the mixture; regularly pruning and shaping the branches; 5) Improving ventilation and light penetration, maintaining orchard cleanliness, using scarecrows with colored strips to scare away birds, and promptly capturing field cattle or using pesticides to kill insect eggs; 6) Harvesting begins when a small hole appears at the top of a mature fruit. This planting method can improve fig yield and quality. The overall process is simple, convenient, and low-cost. However, figs have poor resistance and adaptability, and yield and quality cannot be guaranteed in areas with harsh natural conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a fig planting method that can increase yield. By adopting a scientific cultivation and management method that follows the growth pattern of figs and implements scientific cultivation management at different growth stages, the yield, quality, stress resistance and adaptability of figs are improved. Moreover, the overall process is simple, convenient to operate, low in cost, has broad market prospects, and is easy to promote and use.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for fig cultivation that can increase yield, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Seedling selection and greenhouse selection:

[0009] Seedling selection: Select high-quality fig seedlings with well-developed root systems, thick branches and trunks, and free from diseases and pests;

[0010] Greenhouse selection: Choose a flat, well-drained, sunny site with loose and fertile soil to build the greenhouse;

[0011] (2) Land preparation: Level the land and loosen the soil with a rotary tiller for later use; Before planting, make ridges with a ridge width of 2.4-2.8m, and make furrows between the ridges with a width of 0.3-0.5m and a depth of 0.3-0.4m. Add 300-350kg of chicken manure or 130-150kg of peanut bran per mu and mix it evenly with the soil, and cover it with 8-12cm of soil; For alkaline soil, add 10-15kg of superphosphate per mu for improvement, and for acidic soil, add 10-15kg of lime per mu for improvement.

[0012] (3) Timely planting: Planting should be carried out in spring from mid-March to early April or in autumn from late October to mid-November; soak the seedlings in clean water for 12-24 hours; after pruning the roots, dip the fig seedlings in a 100-200 mg / L potassium indolebutyrate solution for 3-5 seconds and then take them out; before planting, dig planting holes with a diameter of 25-30 cm and a depth of 30-35 cm, then transplant the seedlings into the planting holes, spread out the roots, fill the soil and compact it, and water thoroughly. The spacing between plants is 3.0 m × 0.8 m.

[0013] (4) Shaping and pruning: Select the low-trunk open-center or straight-line shaping method to shape and prune the seedlings, cultivate them into a low-trunk open-center or straight-line tree shape, control the height of the tree crown, promote the growth of lateral branches, expand the tree crown area, and increase the number of fruiting branches.

[0014] a. Low-trunk open-center training method: After planting, leave a trunk of 30-40cm to promote bud sprouting and branching; select 3-4 branches with ideal orientation, angle, and growth vigor as main branches, and pinch them back heavily when they reach 40-60cm to promote lateral branching; in the second spring, prune the outer plump buds of the lateral branches to expand the canopy; after the third year, prune the extension branches of the main branches every year to promote the growth of strong branches, and remove overly dense branches, clustered branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, aging branches, and dead branches; when the fruiting branches become old, prune them back heavily at the base to rejuvenate them; during the growing season, pinch back vigorous new shoots to leave 22-26 leaves to promote the growth of secondary lateral shoots with fruit, and promote the ripening of lateral shoots and increase yield through facility-delayed cultivation;

[0015] b. T-shaped pruning method: After the seedlings are planted, when the new shoots reach 15cm, retain two strong new shoots in the row and train them to extend 180° in a T-shape to both sides of the row as main branches, and remove all others; the extension direction and opening angle of the two main branches can be fixed with bamboo poles or iron wires, and the growth vigor of the two main branches should be kept as balanced as possible; during the winter pruning, shorten the branches to about 2 / 3 of their length, leaving plump lateral buds at the cut; before the sap flow begins the following spring (mid-April), erect 8-10 wires about 20cm above the ground to guide and bind the main branches; after the buds on the main branches sprout, select buds at 20cm intervals to train them as fruiting branches, and remove the rest of the buds as early as possible; when the selected fruiting branches are 1-1.2m long, erect a second layer of wires to guide and fix them; in summer, remove suckers and lateral shoots in a timely manner according to the growth situation, and control the growth vigor by pinching to promote fruit ripening;

[0016] (5) Greenhouse management: Based on the growth of fig trees, carry out greenhouse management, including the timing of covering and uncovering the greenhouse, temperature and humidity control, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest and disease control.

[0017] (6) Harvest at the appropriate time: Harvest when the top of the fruit has a small hole that is slightly open, the fruit color has darkened, the peel is soft, and there are obvious ring cracks at the base of the fruit stalk; harvesting is best done in the morning or evening.

[0018] Preferably, in step (1), the fig varieties selected are Boji Red or Masiu Taupen; the fig seedlings selected are healthy 1-2 year old fig seedlings, requiring seedling height ≥80cm, trunk diameter ≥1.0cm, root diameter ≥0.2cm, no less than 6 lateral roots, lateral root length ≥18cm, no splitting of roots and trunk, and no drying of epidermis.

[0019] Preferably, the timing control of covering and uncovering the greenhouse in step (5) includes facility-based forced cultivation and facility-based delayed cultivation; wherein, facility-based forced cultivation: the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised before the outside temperature drops to -5℃ after the figs have passed dormancy; after early May, the straw curtains or greenhouse covers are removed when the night temperature is not lower than 15℃; after early June, the greenhouse film is removed when the open field temperature rises to a temperature that can meet the normal growth and fruiting temperature of the figs; facility-based delayed cultivation: the greenhouse film is covered when the minimum temperature drops to 15℃ after September, and straw curtains or greenhouse covers are added as the temperature drops in the later period to ensure the normal ripening of the autumn fruit; the harvest period is delayed until early December, and the ventilation openings are opened to allow the plants in the greenhouse to enter dormancy.

[0020] Preferably, the temperature and humidity control in step (5) includes facility-based forced cultivation and facility-based delayed cultivation; wherein, facility-based forced cultivation: during the warming and budding period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 15-20℃ and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 9-11℃; after 15 days, the temperature inside the greenhouse is gradually increased, with the daytime temperature maintained at 25-30℃ and the nighttime temperature maintained at 14-16℃ by adding straw curtains or greenhouse blankets; during the new shoot growth period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25-30℃ and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 13-15℃; during the fruit enlargement period, the highest daytime temperature does not exceed 32℃, and the greenhouse film can be gradually removed in the later stage to enter the open field production mode; facility-based delayed cultivation: the temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled to not exceed 32℃ at the highest and not lower than 15℃ at the lowest, with a suitable temperature of 20-30℃, to promote the ripening of autumn fruits in the later stage.

[0021] Preferably, in step (5), the irrigation frequency and timing depend on the soil moisture, including irrigation during the bud break, irrigation during the rapid growth period of new shoots, and irrigation before the summer fruit enlarges. Irrigation is carried out 4-5 times a year, and the soil is loosened in time after irrigation. Irrigation is carried out by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation.

[0022] Preferably, the fertilization operation in step (5) is as follows: follow the principle of "frequent application of light fertilizer"; topdressing of figs should be carried out before the vigorous growth of new shoots in early spring and before the rapid expansion of spring, summer and autumn fruits. The amount of fertilizer is 12-14 kg of urea, 10-13 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 9-11 kg of potassium oxide per mu. Water must be applied after fertilization. When fertilizing, dig a trench 40-60 cm away from the main trunk; at the same time, foliar fertilization should be carried out in conjunction with pesticide spraying during the growing season. The time is before 10 am and after 4 pm. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly sprayed in the early stage of growth, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is mainly sprayed in the later stage. Foliar fertilization is prohibited within 20 days before harvest.

[0023] Preferably, in step (5), weeding is carried out regularly by manual weeding or by using chemical herbicides that are safe for figs, and the ground inside the greenhouse is kept clean.

[0024] Preferably, in step (5), pest and disease control involves: setting up insect nets and yellow sticky traps to physically control pests when no disease occurs; removing diseased branches and leaves after disease occurs, manually killing pests and their eggs, and simultaneously using targeted biological or chemical pesticides for control.

[0025] Figs are relatively resistant to pests and diseases. In particular, figs are rich in protease, which has a decomposing and damaging effect on most pests, thus providing a good repellency to them. No significant damage from pests has been observed. Common diseases affecting figs include white rot, anthracnose, black spot, and mulberry longhorn beetle. Once a disease occurs, remove diseased branches and leaves in the early stages. When the disease is severe, use targeted pesticides for control. For longhorn beetles that bore into the trunk, manual killing can be carried out during the adult egg-laying period. White paint can also be applied to the trunk and large branches to prevent adult egg-laying. For larvae that have already bored into the branches and trunk, dig tunnels and kill them with wire. Inject 5-10 ml of 50 times diluted dichlorvos or fenitrothion into the borehole with a syringe, or soak cotton balls in the pesticide and stuff them into the borehole, and then seal the borehole opening with yellow mud. Rust can be controlled with 50% carbendazim at 500-800 times diluted solution. Anthracnose can be controlled with 80% mancozeb at 600-1000 times diluted solution or 50% carbendazim at 500 times diluted solution.

[0026] Preferably, the fertilization operation also includes spraying irrigation solution: when the fig tree grows from bud to 10 nodes, mix plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare an irrigation solution; spray the fig tree leaves with the solution using manual or mechanical irrigation, spraying 2-3 times consecutively, with each application being 10-20 mL / plant, at intervals of 7-10 days; wherein the time for spraying the irrigation solution is from 10:00 to 14:00 on the same day.

[0027] Preferably, the preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules includes the following steps, by weight:

[0028] S1. Add 8-12 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 8-12 parts of oxidized starch to 40-55 parts of water, and mix and stir at 300-400 rpm for 15-30 min to obtain mixed solution A; add 10-13 parts of glycidyl methacrylate and 1-2 parts of initiator tert-butyl peroxide to mixed solution A, and mix and stir at 80-90℃ and 400-500 rpm for 5-10 h; then add 3-5 parts of cellulose material at 80-90℃ and 400-500 rpm, and continue stirring for 5-8 h to obtain capsule wall material;

[0029] S2. Mix 0.5-1 parts of plant growth regulator with 5-10 parts of water and stir at 100-300 rpm for 15-25 min. Then add 2-5 parts of porous starch and stir at 100-300 rpm for 6-10 h to obtain mixed solution B. Then add 5-10 parts of capsule wall material and 10-20 parts of acetone prepared in step S1 to mixed solution B and stir at 100-300 rpm for 10-15 h to obtain mixed solution C. Then mix mixed solution C with 4-8 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue stirring, and bathe in a water bath at 45-55℃ to precipitate microcapsules. After filtration, washing, and drying, obtain the final product.

[0030] Preferably, the cellulose material in step S1 is selected from at least one of hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and modified cellulose.

[0031] Preferably, the plant growth regulator in step S2 is selected from one or two of chlormequat chloride and moringa leaf extract.

[0032] More preferably, the plant growth regulator is composed of chlormequat chloride and moringa leaf extract mixed in a mass ratio of 1-2:1.

[0033] This invention introduces chlormequat chloride and moringa leaf extract as plant growth regulators in the preparation of plant growth regulator microcapsules. Chlormequat chloride is a commonly used plant growth regulator, while moringa leaf extract is rich in polyphenols and other bioactive components. The inventors discovered that using a mixture of chlormequat chloride and moringa leaf extract in the microcapsule preparation process can exert a synergistic effect, enhancing the plant growth regulation effect. Simultaneously, using porous starch with good adsorption properties to load the plant growth regulator not only improves the stability of chlormequat chloride and moringa leaf extract but also serves as a matrix material for the microcapsules. In the preparation of plant growth regulator microcapsules, carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized starch have good film-forming properties and biocompatibility, and can crosslink with the flexible polymer network formed by the polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate to form a coating material with good film-forming properties and flexibility. Furthermore, cellulose materials are introduced to construct the wall material of the microcapsules, simultaneously regulating the microstructure of the microcapsules with other raw material components. This not only enhances the mechanical strength and stability of the microcapsules but also provides additional pore structure, contributing to the sustained-release performance of the microcapsules.

[0034] Preferably, the method for preparing the modified cellulose includes the following steps, in parts by weight:

[0035] Mix 2-6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose with 10-20 parts of dichloromethane to obtain solution a; mix 0.5-2 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether with 4-10 parts of dichloromethane to obtain solution b; add solution b to solution a and mix thoroughly, then add 0.05-0.2 parts of p-toluenesulfonic acid and react at 60-70℃ for 4-6 hours to obtain a mixture; pour the mixture into 8-10 times its total weight of 90-95wt% ethanol aqueous solution to precipitate the product, then centrifuge and collect the precipitate. Wash the precipitate 2-3 times with ethanol, then wash it 1-2 times with water, and vacuum dry it at 40-50℃ for 5-8 hours to obtain modified cellulose.

[0036] In the above-mentioned modified cellulose preparation process, carboxymethyl cellulose is a cellulose derivative with a large number of carboxyl groups on its molecular chain. Under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid, the carboxyl groups can undergo esterification or etherification reactions with octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to introduce amphiphilic octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, thereby preparing modified cellulose. The introduction of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether can introduce hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups into the capsule wall, adjusting the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity balance of the capsule wall. This balance can optimize the compactness and flexibility of the capsule wall, making the microcapsule walls of plant growth regulators relatively loose and thicker, thereby improving flexibility. Furthermore, the abundant hydroxyl and ether bonds in its structure can form hydrogen bonds with the leaf surface, enhancing the adhesion of the microcapsules to the leaf surface. In addition, the relatively loose and thicker microcapsule walls prepared after the introduction of modified cellulose can provide a longer diffusion path, slow down the release rate of plant growth regulators, achieve better slow-release performance, and prolong their plant growth regulating effect. The introduction of modified cellulose can not only significantly improve the flexibility, leaf adhesion and slow-release performance of microcapsules, but also reduce the dosage of plant growth regulators, reduce the residue of chlormequat chloride in soil and plants, and mitigate the adverse environmental impact of chlormequat chloride, thus exhibiting good environmental performance.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0038] 1. Compared with the prior art, the fig planting method provided by this invention includes the following steps: (1) seedling selection and planting greenhouse selection; (2) land preparation; (3) timely planting; (4) shaping and pruning; (5) planting greenhouse management; and (6) timely harvesting. This invention, by adopting a scientific cultivation and management method that follows the growth pattern of figs and implements it at different stages of growth, can effectively improve fruit quality, extend the harvest period, reduce pests and diseases, and improve production efficiency. It can also adapt to different environmental conditions and is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable cultivation method.

[0039] 2. Compared to existing technologies, this invention uses chlormequat chloride and Moringa leaf extract as plant growth regulators and encapsulates them to prepare plant growth regulator microcapsules. This not only improves the stability of the plant growth regulators but also enables long-term, uniform release, which is beneficial for increasing fig yield and fruit quality. During fig cultivation, the prepared plant growth regulator microcapsules are mixed with water to prepare a foliar irrigation solution. This solution is then applied to the leaves while following the fig's growth cycle for fertilization, significantly improving fig yield and fruit quality. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The parameters for using specific chemical substances, and their sources.

[0041] Oxidized starch, product number: A00581; brand: Jiyesheng;

[0042] Porous starch preparation method: Disperse corn starch (100 mesh, commercially available) solution in sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.5 to obtain 30% (w / w) starch milk, then add 2% (w / w) of complex enzyme (α-amylase: saccharifying enzyme = 1:2), incubate at 50℃ for 6 h, then adjust the pH to 3.0 to neutralize the system and incubate for 15 min; centrifuge the system at 4000 r / min, wash with water 3 times, then dry at 40℃, pulverize, and pass through a 200 mesh sieve to obtain porous starch.

[0043] Hydroxyethyl cellulose, CAS No.: 9004-62-0;

[0044] Carboxymethyl cellulose, CAS No.: 9000-11-7;

[0045] Octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, specification: OP-7, item number: YLD-OP; brand: Yonglida;

[0046] Preparation method of Moringa leaf extract: Washed Moringa leaves are air-dried naturally, then pulverized using a pulverizer and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain Moringa leaf powder; the Moringa leaf powder is mixed in a round-bottom flask at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (Moringa leaf powder: 70wt% ethanol aqueous solution), the flask is connected to a reflux condenser, and heated in a water bath until the solvent boils, maintaining reflux for 3 hours to obtain an extract; the extract is filtered while hot, the filtrate is collected, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous Moringa leaf extract; the viscous Moringa leaf extract is then dried at 55℃ to obtain a solid, the solid is pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the Moringa leaf extract.

[0047] 50% Triadimefon at 600x dilution: Triadimefon is a highly effective, low-toxicity, and low-residue triazole fungicide. Its main component is triadimefon, primarily used to control rust. It inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol in pathogens, thereby disrupting the cell membrane structure and function of the pathogens, achieving a bactericidal effect. When using, dilute it 500-800 times; that is, 1g of 50% triadimefon requires 500-800mL of water for dilution.

[0048] 80% Mancozeb at 800x dilution: Mancozeb is a mixture of thiram and zinc thiram, belonging to the organosulfur fungicide class. It inhibits the activity of various enzymes in pathogens by binding to the sulfur-containing hydrogen groups (-SH) within the pathogen, thereby interfering with the normal metabolic processes of the pathogen and achieving the purpose of sterilization. It is significantly effective in controlling anthrax pathogens. When using, the dilution ratio is 600-1000 times, that is, 1g of 80% Mancozeb should be diluted with 600-1000mL of water.

[0049] 50% Carbendazim 500x dilution: Carbendazim is a broad-spectrum fungicide, its main component being benzimidazole compounds. It interferes with the mitotic process of pathogenic cells by binding to the microtubules of pathogens, inhibiting microtubule assembly, thereby preventing normal cell division and reproduction. It can be used to control various fungal diseases such as anthracnose in figs. When using, it can be diluted 500 times, that is, 1g of 50% carbendazim should be diluted with 500mL of water.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] A method for increasing fig yield includes the following steps:

[0052] (1) Seedling selection and greenhouse selection:

[0053] Seedling selection: Select Bromeliad seedlings with well-developed root systems, thick branches and trunks, and free from diseases and pests. Among them, the seedlings should be ≥80cm in height, ≥1.0cm in trunk diameter, and have no less than 6 lateral roots with a root diameter ≥0.2cm in thickness and a lateral root length ≥18cm. The roots and trunks should not be split, and the epidermis should not be shrunken.

[0054] Greenhouse selection: Choose a flat, well-drained, sunny site with loose and fertile soil to build the greenhouse;

[0055] (2) Land preparation: Level the land and loosen the soil with a rotary tiller for later use; before planting, make ridges with a ridge width of 2.5m, and make furrows between the ridges with a width of 0.4m and a depth of 0.35m. Put 330kg of chicken manure and 12kg of superphosphate per mu into the soil and mix them evenly, and cover the top with 10cm of soil.

[0056] (3) Timely planting: Planting should be carried out from mid-March to early April in spring; soak the seedlings in clean water for 15 hours; after root pruning, dip the fig seedlings in a 150mg / L potassium indolebutyrate solution for 4 seconds and then take them out; before planting, dig planting holes with a diameter of 28cm and a depth of 32cm, then transplant the seedlings into the planting holes, spread out the roots, fill the soil and compact it, and water thoroughly to settle the roots. The spacing between plants is 3.0m × 0.8m.

[0057] (4) Shaping and pruning: Select the low-trunk open-center shaping method to shape and prune the seedlings, cultivate them into a low-trunk open-center shape, control the height of the crown, promote the growth of lateral branches, expand the crown area, and increase the number of fruiting branches; among them, the low-trunk open-center shaping method: after the seedlings are planted, leave 35cm to promote bud sprouting and branching; select 4 branches with ideal orientation and growth vigor as main branches, and pinch them back when they grow to 50cm to promote the growth of lateral branches; in the second spring, select plump buds on the outer side of the lateral branches and prune them back to expand the crown; after 3 years, prune the extension branches of the main branches every year to promote the growth of strong branches, and remove overly dense branches, clustered branches, diseased and insect branches, old branches and dead branches and other useless branches; when the fruiting branches are old, prune them back to renew them at the base; during the growing season, pinch the new shoots with vigorous growth to leave 25 leaves to promote the growth of secondary lateral shoots with fruit, and promote the ripening of lateral shoots and increase the yield through facility delayed cultivation;

[0058] (5) Greenhouse management: Based on the growth of fig trees, carry out greenhouse management, including the timing of covering and uncovering the greenhouse, temperature and humidity control, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest and disease control.

[0059] The timing control of covering and uncovering the greenhouse includes both forced cultivation and delayed cultivation. For forced cultivation: the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised before the outside temperature drops to -5℃ after the figs have passed dormancy; after early May, the straw mats or greenhouse covers are removed when the nighttime temperature is no lower than 15℃; after early June, when the open field temperature rises to a level suitable for normal fig growth and fruiting, the greenhouse film is removed. For delayed cultivation: the greenhouse film is covered when the minimum temperature drops to 15℃ after September; straw mats or greenhouse covers are added later as the temperature decreases to ensure normal ripening of the autumn fruit; the harvest period is delayed until early December, and the ventilation openings are opened to allow the plants inside the greenhouse to enter dormancy.

[0060] The temperature and humidity control within the greenhouse includes both forced cultivation and delayed cultivation. For forced cultivation: during the budding and warming period, maintain daytime temperatures at 15-20℃ and nighttime temperatures at 9-11℃. After 15 days, gradually increase the greenhouse temperature, maintaining daytime temperatures at 25-30℃ and nighttime temperatures at 14-16℃ by covering with straw mats or blankets. During the new shoot growth period, maintain daytime temperatures at 25-30℃ and nighttime temperatures at 13-15℃. During the fruit enlargement period, the maximum daytime temperature should not exceed 32℃. Later, the greenhouse film can be gradually removed, transitioning to open-field production. For delayed cultivation: control the greenhouse temperature to a maximum of 32℃ and a minimum of 15℃, with an optimal temperature of 20-30℃, to promote the ripening of autumn fruits.

[0061] Among them, irrigation: the number of irrigations and the timing of irrigation depend on the soil moisture, including irrigation during the bud break, irrigation during the rapid growth period of new shoots, and irrigation before the summer fruit enlargement. Irrigation is carried out 4 times a year, and the soil should be loosened in time after irrigation. Irrigation is carried out by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation.

[0062] The fertilization process follows the principle of "frequent application of light fertilizer". Topdressing is carried out before the vigorous growth of new shoots in early spring and before the rapid expansion of spring, summer and autumn fruits. The amount of fertilizer is 13 kg of urea, 12 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 kg of potassium oxide per mu. Watering is required after fertilization. When fertilizing, dig a trench 50 cm away from the main trunk. At the same time, foliar fertilization is carried out in conjunction with pesticide spraying during the growing season. The time is before 10 am and after 4 pm. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly sprayed in the early stage of growth and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is mainly sprayed in the later stage. Foliar fertilization is prohibited within 20 days before harvest.

[0063] Among them, weeding: regularly weed manually or use chemical herbicides that are safe for figs, and keep the ground inside the greenhouse clean.

[0064] Among them, pest and disease control: when no disease occurs, set up insect-proof nets and yellow sticky traps to control pests physically; after disease occurs, remove diseased branches and leaves, manually kill pests and insect eggs, and at the same time combine targeted biological pesticides or chemical pesticides for control.

[0065] Figs are relatively resistant to pests and diseases. In particular, figs are rich in protease, which decomposes and damages most pests, thus providing a good repellent effect and preventing significant pest damage. Common diseases affecting figs include white rot, anthracnose, black spot, and the mulberry longhorn beetle. In the early stages of disease, diseased branches and leaves should be removed. For severe cases, targeted pesticides should be used for control. For longhorn beetles that bore into the trunk, manual killing can be carried out during the adult egg-laying period. Whitewashing the trunk and large branches can also prevent adult egg-laying. For larvae that have already bored into the branches, tunnels can be dug and killed with wire. Alternatively, 8 mL of a 50-fold dilution of dichlorvos or fenitrothion can be injected into the boreholes using a syringe, or cotton balls soaked in pesticide can be inserted into the boreholes, and the openings sealed with yellow mud. Rust can be controlled with a 600-fold dilution of 50% triadimefon. Anthracnose can be controlled with an 800-fold dilution of 80% carbendazim or a 500-fold dilution of 50% thiophanate-methyl.

[0066] (6) Harvest at the appropriate time: Harvest when the top of the fruit has a small hole that is slightly open, the fruit color has darkened, the peel is soft, and there are obvious ring cracks at the base of the fruit stalk; harvesting is best done in the morning or evening.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] The difference between this method for increasing fig yield and Example 1 is that the fertilization operation in step (5) also includes spraying irrigation solution:

[0069] When the fig tree has grown from bud to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a spray irrigation solution. Apply the solution to the fig tree leaves using mechanical spraying, spraying 3 times consecutively, with each application being 12 mL per plant, 7 days apart. The spray irrigation solution should be applied at 10:00 AM on the same day.

[0070] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules includes the following steps:

[0071] S1. Add 10g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10g of oxidized starch to 50g of water and mix and stir at 500rpm for 20min to obtain mixed solution A; add 12g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5g of initiator tert-butyl peroxide to mixed solution A and mix and stir at 85℃ and 450rpm for 8h; then add 4g of modified cellulose at 85℃ and 450rpm and continue stirring for 6.5h to obtain capsule wall material.

[0072] S2. Mix 0.8g of Moringa leaf extract with 6g of water and stir at 200rpm for 20min. Then add 4g of porous starch and stir at 200rpm for 8h to obtain mixed solution B. Then add 8g of capsule wall material and 17g of acetone prepared in step S1 to mixed solution B and stir at 200rpm for 12h to obtain mixed solution C. Then mix mixed solution C with 5 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue stirring, and bathe in a water bath at 50℃ to precipitate microcapsules. After filtration, washing and drying, plant growth regulator microcapsules are obtained.

[0073] The method for preparing modified cellulose in step S1 includes the following steps:

[0074] 5g of carboxymethyl cellulose was mixed with 15g of dichloromethane to obtain solution a; 1g of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether was mixed with 5g of dichloromethane to obtain solution b; solution b was added to solution a and mixed and stirred evenly, then 0.1g of p-toluenesulfonic acid was added, and the mixture was reacted at 65℃ for 5h to obtain a mixture; the mixture was poured into 10 times its total weight of 95wt% ethanol aqueous solution to precipitate the product, then centrifuged, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was washed 3 times with ethanol and then 2 times with water, and then vacuum dried at 45℃ for 6h to obtain modified cellulose.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] The difference between this method for increasing fig yield and Example 1 is that the fertilization operation in step (5) also includes spraying irrigation solution:

[0077] When the fig tree has grown from bud to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a spray irrigation solution. Apply the solution to the fig tree leaves using mechanical spraying, spraying 3 times consecutively, with each application being 12 mL per plant, 7 days apart. The spray irrigation solution should be applied at 10:00 AM on the same day.

[0078] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules includes the following steps:

[0079] S1. Add 10g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10g of oxidized starch to 50g of water and mix and stir at 500rpm for 20min to obtain mixed solution A; add 12g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5g of initiator tert-butyl peroxide to mixed solution A and mix and stir at 85℃ and 450rpm for 8h; then add 4g of modified cellulose at 85℃ and 450rpm and continue stirring for 6.5h to obtain capsule wall material.

[0080] S2. Mix 0.8g of chlormequat chloride with 6g of water and stir at 200rpm for 20min. Then add 4g of porous starch and stir at 200rpm for 8h to obtain mixed solution B. Then add 8g of capsule wall material and 17g of acetone prepared in step S1 to mixed solution B and stir at 200rpm for 12h to obtain mixed solution C. Then mix mixed solution C with 5 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue stirring, and bathe in a water bath at 50℃ to precipitate microcapsules. After filtration, washing and drying, plant growth regulator microcapsules are obtained.

[0081] The preparation method of the modified cellulose is the same as that in Example 2.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] The difference between this method for increasing fig yield and Example 1 is that the fertilization operation in step (5) also includes spraying irrigation solution:

[0084] When the fig tree has grown from bud to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a spray irrigation solution. Apply the solution to the fig tree leaves using mechanical spraying, spraying 3 times consecutively, with each application being 12 mL per plant, 7 days apart. The spray irrigation solution should be applied at 10:00 AM on the same day.

[0085] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules includes the following steps:

[0086] S1. Add 10g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10g of oxidized starch to 50g of water and mix and stir at 500rpm for 20min to obtain mixed solution A; add 12g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5g of initiator tert-butyl peroxide to mixed solution A and mix and stir at 85℃ and 450rpm for 8h; then add 4g of modified cellulose at 85℃ and 450rpm and continue stirring for 6.5h to obtain capsule wall material.

[0087] S2. Mix 0.5g of chlormequat chloride and 0.3g of Moringa leaf extract with 6g of water and stir at 200rpm for 20min. Then add 4g of porous starch and stir at 200rpm for 8h to obtain mixed solution B. Then add 8g of capsule wall material and 17g of acetone prepared in step S1 to mixed solution B and stir at 200rpm for 12h to obtain mixed solution C. Then mix mixed solution C with 5 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue stirring, and bathe in a water bath at 50℃ to precipitate microcapsules. After filtration, washing and drying, plant growth regulator microcapsules are obtained.

[0088] The preparation method of the modified cellulose is the same as that in Example 2.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] The difference between this method for increasing fig yield and Example 1 is that the fertilization operation in step (5) also includes spraying irrigation solution:

[0091] When the fig tree has grown from bud to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a spray irrigation solution. Apply the solution to the fig tree leaves using mechanical spraying, spraying 3 times consecutively, with each application being 12 mL per plant, 7 days apart. The spray irrigation solution should be applied at 10:00 AM on the same day.

[0092] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules includes the following steps:

[0093] S1. Add 10g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10g of oxidized starch to 50g of water and mix and stir at 500rpm for 20min to obtain mixed solution A; add 12g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5g of initiator tert-butyl peroxide to mixed solution A and mix and stir at 85℃ and 450rpm for 8h; then add 4g of carboxymethyl cellulose at 85℃ and 450rpm and continue stirring for 6.5h to obtain capsule wall material;

[0094] S2. Mix 0.5g of chlormequat chloride and 0.3g of Moringa leaf extract with 6g of water and stir at 200rpm for 20min. Then add 4g of porous starch and stir at 200rpm for 8h to obtain mixed solution B. Then add 8g of capsule wall material and 17g of acetone prepared in step S1 to mixed solution B and stir at 200rpm for 12h to obtain mixed solution C. Then mix mixed solution C with 5 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue stirring, and bathe in a water bath at 50℃ to precipitate microcapsules. After filtration, washing and drying, plant growth regulator microcapsules are obtained.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] The difference between this method for increasing fig yield and Example 1 is that the fertilization operation in step (5) also includes spraying irrigation solution:

[0097] When the fig tree has grown from bud to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a spray irrigation solution. Apply the solution to the fig tree leaves using mechanical spraying, spraying 3 times consecutively, with each application being 12 mL per plant, 7 days apart. The spray irrigation solution should be applied at 10:00 AM on the same day.

[0098] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules includes the following steps:

[0099] S1. Add 10g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10g of oxidized starch to 50g of water and mix and stir at 500rpm for 20min to obtain mixed solution A; add 12g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5g of initiator tert-butyl peroxide to mixed solution A and mix and stir at 85℃ and 450rpm for 8h; then add 4g of hydroxyethyl cellulose at 85℃ and 450rpm and continue stirring for 6.5h to obtain capsule wall material;

[0100] S2. Mix 0.5g of chlormequat chloride and 0.3g of Moringa leaf extract with 6g of water and stir at 200rpm for 20min. Then add 4g of porous starch and stir at 200rpm for 8h to obtain mixed solution B. Then add 8g of capsule wall material and 17g of acetone prepared in step S1 to mixed solution B and stir at 200rpm for 12h to obtain mixed solution C. Then mix mixed solution C with 5 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue stirring, and bathe in a water bath at 50℃ to precipitate microcapsules. After filtration, washing and drying, plant growth regulator microcapsules are obtained.

[0101] Comparative Example 1

[0102] The difference between this method for increasing fig yield and Example 1 is that the fertilization operation in step (5) also includes spraying irrigation solution:

[0103] When the fig tree has grown from bud to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a spray irrigation solution. Apply the solution to the fig tree leaves using mechanical spraying, spraying 3 times consecutively, with each application being 12 mL per plant, 7 days apart. The spray irrigation solution should be applied at 10:00 AM on the same day.

[0104] The plant growth regulator is a mixture of 0.5g chlormequat chloride and 0.3g moringa leaf extract.

[0105] Test Example 1

[0106] Figs were planted according to the planting methods of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1. When the fruit was ripe, the mature fruits of 80 fig trees located in the middle and four sides of the planting greenhouse were harvested, and the average fig yield per tree (kg / tree) was calculated. At the same time, 80 representative disease-free fruits from the middle of the outer perimeter of each tree were selected, and the weight of each fruit was weighed using an electronic balance. The average weight of each fruit (g) was calculated.

[0107] Table 1

[0108] Example 1 3.51 71.14 Example 2 5.42 86.51 Example 3 5.54 86.62 Example 4 5.95 87.56 Example 5 5.78 86.85 Example 6 5.63 86.73 Comparative Example 1 5.35 86.22

[0109] Table 1 shows that, comparing Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1, the yields and average weight per fruit of Examples 2-6 and Comparative Example 1, which underwent spraying with the irrigation solution, were significantly higher than those of Example 1, which did not undergo spraying. This indicates that spraying with the irrigation solution helps increase the yield and average weight per fruit of figs. Furthermore, comparing Examples 2-6 and Comparative Example 1, the yields and average weight per fruit of Examples 2-6, which had plant growth regulator microcapsules added to the irrigation solution, were significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1, which had plant growth regulator microcapsules added to the irrigation solution. This indicates that, compared to plant growth regulators, adding plant growth regulator microcapsules to the irrigation solution can significantly improve the yield and average weight per fruit of figs. Microencapsulation of plant growth regulators is more beneficial for increasing fig yield and average weight per fruit. The reason may be that compared with non-microencapsulated plant growth regulators, microencapsulated plant growth regulators are less affected by light, oxidation, or microbial degradation, have stronger adhesion to the leaf surface, and can control the release rate of plant growth regulators. This not only reduces the loss of plant growth regulators, but also allows them to act more effectively and evenly on the fig growth cycle, thereby promoting fruit growth and development more effectively and thus increasing fig yield and average weight per fruit.

[0110] Comparing Examples 2-6, it was found that the yield and average weight of a single fruit in Examples 4-6 were higher than those in Examples 2-3. This indicates that compared to using chlormequat chloride or Moringa leaf extract alone in the preparation of plant growth regulator microcapsules, using chlormequat chloride and Moringa leaf extract in combination in the preparation of plant growth regulator microcapsules is more beneficial to improving the yield and average weight of a single fig. Comparing Examples 4-6, it was found that the yield and average weight of a single fruit in Example 4 were higher than those in Examples 5-6. This indicates that in the preparation of plant growth regulator microcapsules, the effect of introducing modified cellulose to prepare the capsule wall material to improve the yield and average weight of figs is better than that of hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose. The reason for this may be that the modified cellulose, by introducing hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, increases its interaction ability with the leaf surface. Compared with hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, its surface is rich in more hydroxyl groups and ether bonds, which can form stronger hydrogen bonds with the leaf surface. This is more conducive to prolonging the action time of plant growth regulators on the leaf surface, exerting a growth-regulating effect on figs, and improving the yield and average weight of a single fruit.

[0111] Test Example 2

[0112] Leaf retention rate test

[0113] Five mL of the irrigation solutions prepared in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1 were sprayed evenly onto fig leaves, which were then placed at a 45° angle on glass petri dishes. Subsequently, 40 mL of deionized water was poured from a height of 50 cm at a rate of 4 mL / min to simulate rainwater erosion. After the leaf droplets air-dried naturally, the leaves were immersed in 5 mL of deionized water and shaken at 150 rpm for 10 min to extract the remaining plant growth regulators from the leaf surface into the solution. Finally, the retention rate of the plant growth regulators on the leaves was calculated by determining the concentration of chlormequat chloride in the solution using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experiment was repeated five times, and the average value of the results was taken. Details are shown in Table 2.

[0114] Table 2

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] Table 2 shows that, comparing Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1, the leaf retention rate of Examples 4-6 (with plant growth regulator microcapsules added to the irrigation solution) was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (with plant growth regulator added to the irrigation solution). This indicates that, compared to the plant growth regulator itself, preparing the plant growth regulator into microcapsules is more beneficial for improving the retention effect of the plant growth regulator on fig leaves. Comparing Examples 4-6, the leaf retention rate of Example 4 was higher than that of Examples 5-6, indicating that the introduction of modified cellulose to prepare the capsule wall material during the preparation of the plant growth regulator microcapsules... The improved retention of plant growth regulators on fig leaves compared to hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose is likely due to the better deformability of microcapsules containing modified cellulose, making them more suitable for conforming to the microstructure of the leaf surface. Furthermore, compared to hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, the introduction of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether in the modified cellulose further increases the content of hydroxyl and ether bonds in the microcapsule walls. These functional groups can form more hydrogen bonds or other non-covalent bonds with the leaf surface, enhancing adhesion and prolonging the retention time of plant growth regulators on the leaves. When rainwater washes over the leaves, the erosion resistance mainly depends on the flexibility and chemical bonding ability of the microcapsule walls. The hydroxyl and ether bonds in the modified cellulose can form hydrogen bonds with the leaf surface, and the flexible microcapsule walls can adapt to the irregularities of the leaf surface through deformation, reducing leaf drop caused by erosion. Therefore, they exhibit good erosion resistance and leaf adhesion.

[0118] Test Example 3

[0119] UV stability test

[0120] The chemical name of chlormequat chloride is 2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethylammonium chloride. Its molecular structure contains several ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive chemical bonds. Under UV radiation, these bonds may break, leading to the destruction of its chemical structure and subsequent loss of its original physiological activity and function, resulting in degradation. Moringa leaf extract contains various bioactive components, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, and polysaccharides. Under prolonged UV irradiation, the molecular structures of some active components in Moringa leaf extract may be weakened or broken, altering their chemical properties and affecting the overall composition and activity of the extract, leading to degradation. Under UV radiation, both the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride and Moringa leaf extract will degrade, affecting their plant growth regulation effects and hindering fig yield improvement. To test the UV stability of the plant growth regulators in the examples and comparative examples, the following tests were conducted:

[0121] Take 1 mL of each of the irrigation solutions prepared in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1, and dilute them with 5 mL of deionized water. Record these as Groups 4-6 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. Expose each group of samples to a 36W UV lamp (254 nm) at a distance of 20 cm for 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h to test the UV radiation stability of each group. Five parallel experiments were set up for each group. Finally, the content of chlormequat chloride in each group at different irradiation times was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the degradation rate was calculated based on the changes in content to test the UV stability of the plant growth regulators in each example and comparative example. The test results are averaged, and the details are shown in Table 3.

[0122] Table 3

[0123]

[0124] As shown in Table 3, comparing Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1, the degradation rate of chlormequat chloride in Examples 4-6 (with plant growth regulator microcapsules added to the irrigation solution) was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1 (with plant growth regulator added to the irrigation solution). This indicates that preparing plant growth regulators into microcapsules is more beneficial for improving their UV stability than simply using plant growth regulators directly. The reason for this is that the capsule wall material of the microcapsules prepared in this invention has a certain degree of chemical stability and can absorb or scatter ultraviolet light, thereby reducing the damage of ultraviolet light to the internal active ingredients. Therefore, the microencapsulated plant growth regulator is protected by the capsule wall during spraying, reducing the inactivation of active ingredients due to photodegradation and exhibiting better UV stability.

[0125] Comparing Examples 4-6, it was found that the degradation rate of chlormequat chloride in Example 4 was lower than that in Examples 5-6. This indicates that in the preparation process of plant growth regulator microcapsules, introducing modified cellulose to prepare the capsule wall material is more effective in improving the UV stability of plant growth regulators than hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose. The reason for this may be that, compared with hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, the octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether structure introduced in the modified cellulose contains a benzene ring, which can absorb some ultraviolet light, thereby reducing the direct effect of ultraviolet light on the internal active ingredients. At the same time, the hydrophobic groups in the octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether structure of the modified cellulose can reduce water penetration, thereby reducing the possibility of photocatalytic degradation and improving the stability of the microcapsules, thus exhibiting better UV stability.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating figs that can increase yield, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Seedling selection and greenhouse selection: Seedling selection: Select high-quality fig seedlings with well-developed root system, thick branches and trunk, and no diseases and pests; Greenhouse selection: Select a plot of land with flat terrain, good drainage, sufficient sunlight, loose and fertile soil to build a greenhouse. (2) Land preparation: Level the land and loosen the soil with a rotary tiller for later use; Before planting, make ridges with a ridge width of 2.4-2.8m, and make furrows between the ridges with a width of 0.3-0.5m and a depth of 0.3-0.4m. Put 300-350kg of chicken manure or 130-150kg of peanut bran per mu and mix them with the soil, and cover the top with 8-12cm of soil; For alkaline soil, put 10-15kg of superphosphate per mu for improvement, and for acidic soil, put 10-15kg of lime per mu for improvement. (3) Timely planting: Planting should be carried out in mid-March to early April in spring or late October to mid-November in autumn; soak the seedlings in clean water for 12-24 hours; after pruning the roots, dip the fig seedlings in a 100-200 mg / L potassium indolebutyrate solution for 3-5 seconds and then take them out; before planting, dig planting holes with a diameter of 25-30 cm and a depth of 30-35 cm, then transplant the seedlings into the planting holes, spread out the roots, fill the soil and compact it, and water thoroughly. The spacing between plants is 3.0 m × 0.8 m. (4) Shaping and pruning: Select the low-trunk open-center or straight-line shaping method to shape and prune the seedlings, cultivate them into a low-trunk open-center or straight-line tree shape, control the height of the tree crown, promote the growth of lateral branches, expand the tree crown area, and increase the number of fruiting branches; (5) Greenhouse management: Based on the growth of the fig trees, the management of the greenhouse includes the timing of covering and uncovering the film, temperature and humidity control, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest and disease control. The fertilization also includes spraying irrigation solution: when the fig trees have grown from bud to 10 nodes, plant growth regulator microcapsules are mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare an irrigation solution. The fig trees are sprayed on the leaves by manual or mechanical irrigation, 2-3 times in a row, with each spraying amount of 10-20 mL / tree, and an interval of 7-10 days. The time for spraying the irrigation solution is from 10:00 to 14:00 on the same day. The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules includes the following steps, by weight: S1. Add 8-12 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 8-12 parts of oxidized starch to 40-55 parts of water, and mix and stir at 300-400 rpm for 15-30 min to obtain mixed solution A; add 10-13 parts of glycidyl methacrylate and 1-2 parts of initiator tert-butyl peroxide to mixed solution A, and mix and stir at 80-90℃ and 400-500 rpm for 5-10 h; then add 3-5 parts of cellulose material at 80-90℃ and 400-500 rpm, and continue stirring for 5-8 h to obtain capsule wall material; S2. Mix 0.5-1 parts of plant growth regulator with 5-10 parts of water and stir at 100-300 rpm for 15-25 min. Then add 2-5 parts of porous starch and stir at 100-300 rpm for 6-10 h to obtain mixed solution B. Then add 5-10 parts of capsule wall material and 10-20 parts of acetone prepared in step S1 to mixed solution B and stir at 100-300 rpm for 10-15 h to obtain mixed solution C. Then mix mixed solution C with 4-8 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue stirring, and bathe in a water bath at 45-55℃ to precipitate microcapsules. After filtration, washing, and drying, obtain plant growth regulator microcapsules. The cellulose material in step S1 is modified cellulose; The method for preparing the modified cellulose includes the following steps, in parts by weight: Mix 2-6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose with 10-20 parts of dichloromethane to obtain solution a; mix 0.5-2 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether with 4-10 parts of dichloromethane to obtain solution b; add solution b to solution a and mix and stir evenly, add 0.05-0.2 parts of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and react at 60-70°C for 4-6 hours to obtain a mixture; pour the mixture into 8-10 times its total weight of 90-95wt% ethanol aqueous solution to precipitate the product, then centrifuge, collect the precipitate, wash the precipitate 2-3 times with ethanol, then wash it 1-2 times with water, and vacuum dry it at 40-50°C for 5-8 hours to obtain modified cellulose; In step S2, the plant growth regulator is composed of chlormequat chloride and Moringa leaf extract mixed in a mass ratio of 1-2:

1. (6) Harvest at the appropriate time: Harvest when the top of the fruit has a small hole that is slightly open, the fruit color has darkened, the peel is soft, and there is an obvious ring-shaped crack at the base of the fruit stalk; harvesting should be done in the morning or evening.

2. The fig cultivation method for increasing yield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the fig varieties selected are Boji Red or Masiu Dofen; the fig seedlings selected are healthy 1-2 year old fig seedlings, requiring seedling height ≥80cm, trunk diameter ≥1.0cm, root diameter ≥0.2cm, no less than 6 lateral roots, lateral root length ≥18cm, no splitting of roots and trunk, and no drying of epidermis.

3. The fig cultivation method for increasing yield as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The control of the time for covering and uncovering the greenhouse in step (5) includes facility-based forced cultivation and facility-based delayed cultivation. For facility-based forced cultivation, the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised before the outside temperature drops to -5℃ after the figs have passed dormancy. After early May, the straw curtains or greenhouse covers are removed when the night temperature is not lower than 15℃. After early June, the greenhouse film is removed when the open field temperature rises to a temperature that can meet the normal growth and fruiting temperature of the figs. For facility-based delayed cultivation, the greenhouse film is covered when the minimum temperature drops to 15℃ after September. Later, as the temperature drops, straw curtains or greenhouse covers are added to ensure the normal ripening of the autumn fruit. The harvest period is delayed until early December, and the ventilation openings are opened to allow the plants in the greenhouse to enter dormancy.

4. The fig cultivation method for increasing yield as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity control in step (5) includes facility-based forced cultivation and facility-based delayed cultivation. For facility-based forced cultivation, the daytime temperature is maintained at 15-20℃ and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 9-11℃ during the warming and budding period. After 15 days, the temperature inside the greenhouse is gradually increased, with the daytime temperature maintained at 25-30℃ and the nighttime temperature maintained at 14-16℃ by covering with straw curtains or quilts. During the new shoot growth period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25-30℃ and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 13-15℃. During the fruit enlargement period, the highest daytime temperature does not exceed 32℃. Later, the greenhouse film can be gradually removed to enter the open-field production mode. For facility-based delayed cultivation, the temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled to not exceed 32℃ and not be lower than 15℃, with a suitable temperature of 20-30℃ to promote the ripening of autumn fruits in the later period.

5. The fig cultivation method for increasing yield as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), irrigation: the number of irrigations and the timing of irrigation depend on the soil moisture, including irrigation during the budding stage, irrigation during the rapid growth period of new shoots, and irrigation before the summer fruit enlargement. Irrigate 4-5 times a year, and loosen the soil in time after irrigation; irrigation is carried out by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation.

6. The fig cultivation method for increasing yield as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization operation in step (5) is as follows: follow the principle of "frequent application of light fertilizer"; topdressing of figs should be carried out before the vigorous growth of new shoots in early spring and before the rapid expansion of spring, summer and autumn fruits. The amount of fertilizer is 12-14 kg of urea, 10-13 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 9-11 kg of potassium oxide per mu. Water must be applied after fertilization. When fertilizing, dig a trench 40-60 cm away from the main trunk; at the same time, foliar fertilization should be carried out in conjunction with pesticide spraying during the growing season. The time is before 10 am and after 4 pm. In the early stage of growth, nitrogen fertilizer should be sprayed as the main fertilizer, and in the later stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be sprayed as the main fertilizer. Foliar fertilization is prohibited within 20 days before harvest.

7. The fig cultivation method for increasing yield as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), weeding is carried out regularly by manual weeding or by using chemical herbicides that are safe for figs, and the ground inside the greenhouse is kept clean. In step (5), pest and disease control is carried out by setting up insect nets and yellow sticky traps to control pests when no diseases occur. After diseases occur, diseased branches and leaves are removed, pests and eggs are killed manually, and targeted biological pesticides or chemical pesticides are used for control.

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