Nutrient water retaining mat for artificial cultivation of moss carpet

Abstract

The application discloses a nutrient water-retaining mat for artificially cultivating moss crust, and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps: S1, mixing grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining material to prepare composite nutrient planting soil; S2, laying a layer of degradable plastic net on the surface of the planting soil, and scattering a layer of waste natural fiber on the surface of the plastic net; scattering the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fiber; S3, repeating step S2, and the number of layers is more than two; S4, spraying water to keep the soil moist until the grass grows to more than 20 cm, cutting the grass to 2-4 cm, digging along the bottommost plastic net, air-drying and compacting to obtain the nutrient water-retaining mat for artificially cultivating moss crust. The nutrient water-retaining mat prepared by the application is based on a three-dimensional net structure formed by the interpenetration of degradable plastic net, waste natural fiber and grass roots as a matrix, and the soil, fertilizer and water-retaining material are loaded in the middle, and each part is uniformly distributed, so that the nutrient water-retaining mat not only has good mobility, but also can provide rich nutrients and water for artificially cultivating moss crust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of moss crust culture technology, specifically to a nutrient and water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts. Background Technology

[0002] Biocrusts are one of the main plant species in desertified areas, playing a vital role in the ecosystem. They possess significant ecological value, exhibiting strong resistance to wind and water erosion, and are an important land cover type in arid and semi-arid regions. They are also a key component of ecological restoration technologies and ecological governance projects. Biocrusts effectively increase soil nutrient content, control soil erosion and geological disasters, promote soil aggregate formation, and effectively improve soil physicochemical properties. Moss crusts are complex complexes formed by cryptogamic bryophytes, soil microorganisms, and other related organisms through mycelium, rhizoids, and secretions cementing the soil surface particles. They are a significant land cover landscape feature widely distributed in harsh environments of cold and arid regions, accounting for over 40% of living land cover in deserts, and are important builders and components of desert ecosystems. Numerous systematic studies have demonstrated that moss crusts are an important indicator of surface stability in sandy areas. However, under natural conditions, the formation of moss crusts requires 10 to 20 years or even longer. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a nutrient and water-retaining mat for artificial cultivation of moss crusts. The present invention overcomes the constraints of water and nutrients in arid areas, aims at soil habitat restoration, and has the advantages of short construction period, good stability, high sand fixation efficiency, good sand control effect, wide applicability and simple operation.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] The first aspect of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a nutrient-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Prepare a composite nutrient planting soil by mixing grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials;

[0007] S2. Lay a layer of biodegradable plastic netting on the surface of the planting soil, and sprinkle a layer of waste natural fiber on the surface of the plastic netting; then sprinkle the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fiber.

[0008] S3. Repeat step S2, laying two or more layers;

[0009] S4. Sprinkle water to keep the soil moist until the grass grows to more than 20cm. Cut it with a stubble of 2-4cm, shovel it down along the bottom plastic net, let it air dry and compact it to obtain the nutrient and water-retaining pad for artificial cultivation of moss crusts.

[0010] This invention uses a biodegradable plastic mesh as the substrate, forming a unified nutrient-retaining pad horizontally. A composite nutrient-rich planting soil layer is laid between the biodegradable plastic mesh layers as a substrate for grass seed growth, simultaneously mixed with fibrous waste natural fibers. During grass seed growth, the roots of each layer of grass grow through the mesh of the biodegradable plastic mesh. The topmost layer of grass grows upwards, while some of the grass in the middle layers grows upwards through the mesh, and some grows horizontally without passing through the mesh. Their stems and roots intertwine with the waste natural fibers, creating a unified nutrient-retaining pad vertically. This gives the nutrient-retaining pad good mechanical properties, allowing it to be separated from the soil surface as a whole, improving its mobility. The biodegradable plastic mesh and waste natural fibers are biodegradable, serving as a nutrient substrate in the early stages of moss growth and gradually degrading during the later stages, thus integrating the moss roots with the transplanted soil. The water-retaining material can absorb and slowly release moisture, which is beneficial for the growth of moss crusts in arid or desert regions. Fertilizer provides nutrients for grass seed growth and also provides essential nutrients for the later cultivation of moss crusts, thus shortening the cultivation cycle. After the grasses are cut, the nutrient-retaining pad is air-dried and compacted to naturally form a grass mat. The hollow structure of the straw serves two purposes: it acts as a water-retaining material and it degrades into organic fertilizer during the cultivation of moss crusts. Furthermore, because moss roots are very small and do not easily adhere to the soil, they are easily separated from the soil by the wind. The hollow structure of the dried straw helps to fix the moss seed source.

[0011] Optionally, the grass seeds are selected from at least one of ryegrass seeds, fescue seeds, and tall fescue seeds. These three grasses have highly developed root systems, primarily fibrous roots, forming a robust root network that easily penetrates the mesh of biodegradable plastic netting. They also grow rapidly, shortening the production cycle of the nutrient-retaining pad. Ryegrass roots can penetrate the soil to a depth of 100–110 cm. The 0–10 cm soil layer is the area with the densest vertical root distribution, followed by the 10–20 cm layer. This root depth helps the plant to firmly establish itself and efficiently absorb nutrients and water from deeper soil layers. Ryegrass roots consist of a small number of coarse roots and numerous fine fibrous roots. These weak fibrous roots enhance the biomass of ryegrass, increasing its yield. Root production can reach 15–22.5 t / hm². 2This demonstrates its powerful root growth capacity. Ryegrass roots grow very quickly, rapidly penetrating the soil to obtain sufficient nutrients. Ryegrass roots not only absorb nutrients and water but also help retain soil moisture. Its robust root network helps prevent soil erosion and improves soil structure.

[0012] While the taproot of *Eragrostis pilosa* is relatively weak, it develops numerous adventitious roots at the base of its stem, forming a well-developed fibrous root system. This root system typically reaches a depth of 30 cm, and can extend to 60 cm, effectively penetrating the soil to absorb nutrients and water. The majority of *Eragrostis pilosa*'s roots are distributed in the 0-20 cm soil layer, the most active area for root growth, facilitating rapid nutrient absorption. The roots also effectively retain soil moisture, preventing erosion, and improving soil aeration and permeability. After the plant dies, its roots gradually decompose under high temperature and humidity, providing abundant organic matter and improving soil structure.

[0013] Tall fescue has a fibrous root system, consisting of a taproot and various levels of lateral roots. The taproot is usually thick and penetrates deep into the soil, anchoring the plant and absorbing nutrients from deeper soil layers. The lateral roots are distributed in a fibrous pattern, spreading widely and helping the plant to firmly establish itself in the soil and absorb more water and nutrients. The root depth of tall fescue varies depending on the growing environment and variety, but is typically between 20 and 40 centimeters. In loose, fertile, and well-drained soil, the roots of tall fescue can grow even deeper, reaching even deeper soil layers. The roots of tall fescue have a strong absorption capacity, efficiently absorbing water and nutrients from the soil to meet the plant's growth needs. Simultaneously, the roots also play a role in soil stabilization and water retention. During growth, the roots of tall fescue also secrete organic matter, improving soil structure and enhancing soil aeration and permeability.

[0014] Optionally, the grass seeds, soil, fertilizer, and water-retaining material are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(0-3):(0-3):(2-3). The soil, fertilizer, and water-retaining material are preferably crushed and sieved to avoid clumping and facilitate root penetration. When the amount of soil and organic fertilizer is zero, the grass seeds are grown using hydroponics; additional nutrient solution is sprayed to promote germination and growth. When the amount of soil and organic fertilizer is not zero, soil cultivation is used.

[0015] Optionally, the organic fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or fermented cow manure.

[0016] Optionally, the thickness of the composite nutrient planting soil spread on each layer of the biodegradable plastic net is 0.5–1 cm. The total thickness laid in steps S2 and S3 is 2–4 cm. If the total thickness is too large, it is not easy to roll up; if the total thickness is too small, it is not conducive to the cultivation of moss crusts. Therefore, the total thickness needs to be controlled within a suitable range. Under the premise of a certain total thickness, the more layers there are, the more biodegradable plastic nets there are, and the better the mechanical properties of the nutrient water-retaining pad. However, the amount of soil and fertilizer between the layers will be reduced, which is not conducive to the growth and cultivation of moss crusts. If the number of layers is too small, the soil thickness will be too large, and the grass roots may separate from the plastic net during the rolling process. Therefore, the number of layers should be reasonably controlled.

[0017] A second aspect of this invention is to provide a nutrient and water-retaining mat for the artificial cultivation of bryophyte crusts, prepared by the above-described method. Due to compaction, the resulting nutrient and water-retaining mat has a thickness of 1-2 cm. The nutrient and water-retaining mat prepared by this invention uses a three-dimensional mesh structure formed by interwoven biodegradable plastic netting, waste natural fibers, and grass roots as its matrix, with soil, fertilizer, and water-retaining materials loaded in the middle. The components are evenly distributed, providing not only excellent mobility but also abundant nutrients and moisture for the artificial cultivation of bryophyte crusts.

[0018] A third aspect of this invention provides a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts. A nutrient-retaining pad is moistened by spraying water, and moss germplasm is mixed with soil and spread on the surface of the moistened pad. The mixture is then cultivated for 20–60 days. During the first month after sowing, a thin film can be used to cover the pad to promote moss germination. When the nutrient pad is prepared using hydroponics, the amount of soil mixed with the moss germplasm needs to be appropriately increased; when the nutrient pad is prepared using soil cultivation, the amount of soil mixed with the moss germplasm can be appropriately reduced.

[0019] This invention also provides another method for artificially cultivating moss crusts. A nutrient-retaining pad is moistened with water, then moss seed stock, chitosan, and soil are mixed and water is added to prepare a uniform slurry. This slurry is then sprayed onto the surface of the nutrient-retaining pad. Chitosan has film-forming properties. Because moss roots are very small and easily separate from the soil, especially during windy conditions, adding some chitosan to the slurry, with its film-forming and adhesive properties, can fix the moss in the soil.

[0020] Optionally, the mass ratio of the moss seed source, chitosan, and soil is (0.5-1):(3-5):10.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0022] Moss crusts have the function of preventing wind and fixing sand. This invention breaks through the constraints of water and nutrients in arid areas, and aims at soil habitat restoration. It has the advantages of short construction period, good stability, high sand fixing efficiency, good sand control effect, wide range of applications and simple operation. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the moss crust cultivation process in Application Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a photograph of bryophytes cultured on a nutrient-retaining pad for 60 days after crust formation, which is the blank control of this invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a photograph of bryophytes cultivated on a nutrient-retaining pad according to Example 1 of the present invention after 60 days of crust formation.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a photograph of the moss that formed a crust 40 days after cultivation, as shown in Application Example 2.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a photograph of the moss that formed a crust 40 days after cultivation, as shown in Application Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0031] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0032] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0033] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0034] This invention discloses a method for preparing a nutrient-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Prepare a composite nutrient planting soil by mixing grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials;

[0036] S2. Lay a layer of biodegradable plastic netting on the surface of the planting soil, and sprinkle a layer of waste natural fiber on the surface of the plastic netting; then sprinkle the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fiber.

[0037] S3. Repeat step S2, laying two or more layers;

[0038] S4. Sprinkle water to keep the soil moist until the grass grows to more than 20cm. Cut it with a stubble of 2-4cm, shovel it down along the bottom plastic net, let it air dry and compact it to obtain the nutrient and water-retaining pad for artificial cultivation of moss crusts.

[0039] This invention uses a biodegradable plastic mesh as the substrate, forming a unified nutrient-retaining pad horizontally. A composite nutrient-rich planting soil is laid between the layers of biodegradable plastic mesh as a substrate layer for grass seed growth, mixed with fibrous waste natural fibers. During grass seed growth, the grass roots penetrate the mesh of the biodegradable plastic mesh, while the root system intertwines with the waste natural fibers. This intertwining of the waste natural fibers and the biodegradable plastic mesh creates a unified nutrient-retaining pad vertically, giving it excellent mechanical properties and allowing it to be separated from the soil surface as a whole, improving its mobility. The biodegradable plastic mesh and waste natural fibers are biodegradable, serving as a nutrient substrate in the early stages of moss growth and gradually degrading during the later stages, thus integrating the moss roots with the transplanted soil. The water-retaining material absorbs and slowly releases moisture, which is beneficial for the growth of moss crusts in arid or desert regions. The fertilizer provides nutrients for grass seed growth and also provides necessary nutrients for the later cultivation of moss crusts, helping to shorten the cultivation cycle. After the grasses are cut, the nutrient-retaining pad is air-dried as a whole, naturally forming a grass mat. The straw has a hollow structure, which serves two purposes: firstly, it acts as a water-retaining material; secondly, it decomposes into organic fertilizer during the formation of moss crusts. Furthermore, moss roots are very small and easily separated from the soil by the wind; the hollow structure of the straw helps to anchor the moss seed stock, preventing it from being blown away. The purpose of air-drying the nutrient-retaining pad is to kill the grasses, preventing them from competing for nutrients during the later formation of moss crusts.

[0040] Waste natural fibers include substandard scraps from cotton, linen, or wool production. They have a filamentous structure and are easily biodegradable. The type and mixing ratio of waste natural fibers have no significant impact on the growth of grasses and mosses, and therefore can be mixed in any proportion.

[0041] In some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the grass seeds are selected from at least one of ryegrass seeds, mousegrass seeds, and tall fescue seeds. Ryegrass seeds, mousegrass seeds, and tall fescue seeds all have well-developed fibrous roots and excellent growth performance, and their function is to form dry grass mats. Therefore, their species and mixing ratio will not have a significant impact on moss growth. In the embodiments, any species or any mixture in any ratio can be selected.

[0042] In some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the grass seeds, soil, fertilizer, and water-retaining material are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(0-3):(0-3):(2-3). The soil, fertilizer, and water-retaining material are preferably crushed and sieved to avoid clumping and facilitate root penetration. When the amount of soil and fertilizer is zero, the grass seeds are grown using hydroponics, and additional nutrient solution is sprayed to promote germination and growth. When the amount of soil and fertilizer is not zero, soil cultivation is used.

[0043] In some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the fertilizer is selected from organic fermented fertilizer, and in more preferred embodiments, it is selected from fermented chicken manure or fermented cow manure.

[0044] In some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the thickness of the composite nutrient planting soil spread on each layer of the biodegradable plastic net is 0.5–1 cm. The total thickness laid in steps S2 and S3 is 2–4 cm. If the total thickness is too large, it is not easy to roll up; if the total thickness is too small, it is not conducive to the cultivation of moss crusts. Therefore, the total thickness needs to be controlled within a suitable range. Under the premise of a certain total thickness, the more layers there are, the more biodegradable plastic nets there are, and the better the mechanical properties of the nutrient water-retaining pad. However, the amount of soil and fertilizer between the layers will be reduced, which is not conducive to the growth and cultivation of moss crusts. If the number of layers is too small, the soil thickness will be too large, and the grass roots may separate from the plastic net during the rolling process. Therefore, the number of layers should be reasonably controlled.

[0045] The nutrient and water-retaining mat prepared by the above method in this embodiment of the invention uses a three-dimensional mesh structure formed by the interweaving of biodegradable plastic netting, waste natural fibers and grass roots as the matrix, and is loaded with soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials in the middle. The parts are evenly distributed and not only have good mobility, but also provide rich nutrients and water for the artificial cultivation of moss crusts.

[0046] The nutrient-retaining and water-retaining mat provided in this embodiment of the invention can be used for a method of artificially cultivating moss crusts. The specific method is as follows: the nutrient-retaining and water-retaining mat is moistened by spraying water; the moss seed source is mixed with soil and water is added to prepare a slurry; this slurry is then sprinkled onto the moistened surface of the nutrient-retaining and water-retaining mat and cultivated for 15–25 days. The mixing ratio of the moss seed source to the soil is determined by the planting density of the moss seed source, for example, it can be 1:(3–5). When the nutrient mat is prepared using hydroponics, the amount of soil to be mixed when broadcasting the moss seed source needs to be appropriately increased, for example, it can be 1:5; when the nutrient mat is prepared using soil cultivation, the amount of soil to be mixed when broadcasting the moss seed source can be appropriately reduced, for example, it can be 1:3.

[0047] In other embodiments of this invention, a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts is disclosed. A nutrient-retaining pad is moistened with water, then moss seed stock, chitosan, and soil are mixed and water is added to prepare a uniform slurry. This slurry is then sprayed onto the surface of the nutrient-retaining pad and cultivated for 15–25 days. Chitosan has film-forming properties. Because moss roots are very small and easily separate from the soil, especially during windy conditions, adding some chitosan to the slurry, with its film-forming and adhesive properties, can fix the moss in the soil.

[0048] The amount of chitosan used should not be too large. If the amount of chitosan is too large, it will result in an excessively thick film, thus affecting the growth of mosses. Therefore, in some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the mass ratio of the moss seed source, chitosan, and soil is (0.5-1):(3-5):10. When the nutrient mat is prepared using hydroponics, the amount of soil to be mixed when broadcasting the moss seed source needs to be appropriately increased; when the nutrient mat is prepared using soil cultivation, the amount of soil to be mixed when broadcasting the moss seed source can be appropriately reduced.

[0049] In some embodiments, the moss may specifically be sand moss, silver leaf moss, short-leaved tooth moss, terrestrial tooth moss, or twisted mouth moss.

[0050] *Bryum argenteum*: A plant belonging to the genus *Bryum*, characterized by its perennial nature and diverse morphology and size. *Bryum argenteum* has erect stems and leaves that are ovate, elliptical, or lanceolate, growing in dense clumps. It is one of the dominant drought-tolerant moss species among the moss crusts of the Loess Plateau. Although its drought tolerance is not as high as that of *Bryum terrestrialum* and *Bryum short-leavedum*, it remains an important cultivated species.

[0051] Didymodon vinealis: A species of moss in the genus Didymodon, it possesses exceptional drought tolerance and is one of the most drought-resistant species among moss crusts found on the Loess Plateau. Its plant body grows in dense, cushion-like clumps, commonly found in calcareous soils and rocks. Didymodon vinealis has erect stems and ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate leaves with acute or acuminate apexes, making it a preferred species for cultivating moss crusts.

[0052] Didymodon tectorum: Also belonging to the Didymodon genus, it is also quite drought-tolerant. The upper margins of Didymodon tectorum's leaves are flat or rolled back, and its morphological characteristics are similar to those of Didymodon terrestrialum, but its leaves are shorter. It is also one of the important species for cultivating moss crusts.

[0053] Barbula unguiculata: Although Barbula unguiculata has relatively weak drought tolerance, it can still be used as a species for cultivating moss crusts under certain specific conditions. Barbula unguiculata has upright stems and varied leaf shapes, allowing it to adapt to environmental conditions.

[0054] Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. typically presents as a loosely clustered, yellowish-green, dull plant. Its stems are 3–4 cm long, erect, and may be single or sparsely branched. The leaves are loosely appressed when dry and upright when moist, and are oblong-ovate in shape. The leaf margins are entire and often incurved, with a relatively thick midrib that protrudes into the leaf tip as a white, hair-like spine. The upper cells of the leaf blade are roundish-square, while the basal cells are narrowly elongated and covered with dense tubercles.

[0055] It should be noted that conventional technical means can be used for all technical means not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0056] All raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention were obtained through conventional purchasing channels. The water-retaining material was purchased from Wuxi Fengmin Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd., specifically water-retaining potassium polyacrylate granules.

[0057] In the following embodiments of the present invention, the grass seeds used are ryegrass seeds; the fertilizer is a mixture of fermented chicken manure and fermented cow manure in equal proportions.

[0058] The soil used in the following embodiments of the present invention is ordinary yellow soil; the nutrient solution was purchased from Dongguan Mengyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., and was diluted with 4L of water per 10mL before use.

[0059] The moss selected in the following embodiments of the present invention is *Moss spp.*

[0060] Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0061] A method for preparing a nutrient-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1. Mix grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials according to the proportions in Table 1 to prepare compound nutrient planting soil (the amount of soil and fertilizer used in Example 5 is 0, and additional nutrient solution needs to be sprayed to promote seed germination and growth, and the nutrient solution is sprayed twice a day).

[0063] S2. Lay a layer of biodegradable plastic netting (PLA plastic netting) on ​​the surface of the planting soil, and sprinkle a layer of waste natural fibers on the surface of the plastic netting; then sprinkle the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fibers.

[0064] S3. Repeat step S2, laying 3 layers, with each layer of composite nutrient planting soil being 1cm thick;

[0065] S4. Sprinkle water to keep the soil moist until the grass grows to more than 20cm. Cut it with a stubble of 2-4cm, shovel it down along the bottom plastic net, air dry and compact it to a thickness of 2cm to obtain the nutrient and water-retaining pad for artificial cultivation of moss crusts.

[0066] The amounts of grass seeds, soil, fertilizer, and water-retaining materials used in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.

[0067] Table 1 (Parts by weight)

[0068] Example 1 1 1 2 2 Example 2 1 2 3 2.5 Example 3 1 3 2.5 3 Example 4 1 2 2 2.5 Example 5 1 0 0 2.5 Comparative Example 1 1 2 0 3 Comparative Example 2 1 2 3 0 Comparative Example 3 1 2 0 0

[0069] Sandy soil plots were selected as test plots, and the nutrient-retaining pads prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used as the substrate layer for cultivating moss crusts.

[0070] Application Example 1

[0071] The bryophyte germplasm was mixed with soil at a mass ratio of 1:5 (Example 5) or 1:3 (Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3) and then sown onto the surface of the above-mentioned nutrient-retaining pad, ensuring that the amount of bryophyte germplasm per square meter was 10g. Figure 1 As shown, each nutrient water-retaining pad is supported by bricks and covered with a grid to calculate the coverage area. Shade nets are used to cover the pads from 11:00 to 15:00 daily to avoid direct sunlight. The soil is kept moist by frequent watering. After a period of cultivation, the moss crops form a crust. The coverage of each embodiment and comparative example is shown in Table 2, which is based on periodic surveys.

[0072] Table 2 Coverage Statistics

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Note: Coverage = Area covered by moss crust / Total area of ​​the test area × 100%.

[0076] As shown in Table 2, the sphagnum crust coverage of Examples 1-5 was significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-3, indicating that the addition of fertilizer and water-retaining materials facilitated the rapid formation of sphagnum crust. Among them, the nutrient-retaining pad coverage of Example 1 was the largest. Figure 3 The nutrient-retaining pad of Comparative Example 3 had the lowest coverage, so the nutrient-retaining pad of Example 1 was used for subsequent application experiments in Examples 2 to 4.

[0077] Application Example 2

[0078] Moss germplasm, chitosan, and soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5:10, and water was added to prepare a uniform slurry. This slurry was then sprayed onto the surface of the aforementioned nutrient-retaining pad. Water was sprayed daily to keep the soil moist. After 60 days of cultivation, the coverage reached 90%. See the growth status diagram below. Figure 4 .

[0079] Application Example 3

[0080] Moss germplasm, chitosan, and soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3:10, and water was added to prepare a homogeneous slurry. This slurry was then sprayed onto the surface of the aforementioned nutrient-retaining pad. Water was sprayed daily to keep the soil moist. After 60 days of cultivation, the coverage reached 90%. See the growth status diagram below. Figure 5 .

[0081] Application Example 4

[0082] Moss germplasm, chitosan and soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5:5:10 and water was added to prepare a uniform slurry. The slurry was then sprayed onto the surface of the above-mentioned nutrient and water-retaining pad. Water was sprayed daily to keep the soil moist. After 60 days of cultivation, the coverage reached 90%.

[0083] Blank control application

[0084] Mix bryophyte germplasm with soil at a mass ratio of 1:3 and sow directly onto the soil surface, ensuring 10g of bryophyte germplasm per square meter. Cover with shade netting from 11:00 AM to 3:00 PM daily to avoid direct sunlight. Regularly spray water to keep the soil moist. After a period of cultivation, the bryophyte will form a crust. Figure 2 .Depend on Figure 2 It is evident that the method of directly sowing seeds on the soil surface to form a crust is far less effective than using a nutrient-retaining pad.

[0085] In summary, the sphagnum crust prepared in this application example forms a lawn-like structure with the nutrient-retaining pad. In areas with poor climate and soil conditions (e.g., arid desert regions), the entire structure can be moved after reaching a certain coverage level. In areas with relatively good climate and soil conditions, the nutrient-retaining pad can be placed directly for sphagnum crust cultivation. Since all components of the nutrient-retaining pad are biodegradable, as the sphagnum grows, the pad gradually degrades to provide organic matter for the soil, while simultaneously integrating with the underlying soil. It should be noted that because the nutrient-retaining pad is dried by air drying, some remaining grass seeds may not be completely killed and may revive during the sphagnum crust cultivation process. Additionally, some grass seeds in the soil may grow through the pores of the nutrient-retaining pad. These can be removed manually or left to grow; a small amount of grass will not significantly affect sphagnum growth.

[0086] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificially cultivating moss crusts, characterized in that, Moisten the nutrient-retaining pad with water, mix the bryophyte seed source, chitosan and soil, add water to prepare a uniform slurry, and then spray the slurry onto the surface of the nutrient-retaining pad and cultivate for 20 to 60 days. The method for preparing a nutrient and water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a composite nutrient planting soil by mixing grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials; S2. Lay a layer of biodegradable plastic net on the surface of the planting soil, and sprinkle a layer of waste natural fiber on the surface of the biodegradable plastic net; then sprinkle the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fiber. S3. Repeat step S2, laying two or more layers; S4. Sprinkle water to keep the soil moist until the grass grows to more than 20cm. Cut it with a stubble of 2-4cm and remove it along the bottom layer of biodegradable plastic netting. Let it air dry and compact it to obtain the nutrient and water-retaining pad for artificial cultivation of moss crusts. The grass seeds are selected from at least one of ryegrass seeds, mousegrass seeds, and tall fescue seeds. The grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(0-3):(0-3):(2-3); The thickness of the composite nutrient planting soil spread on each layer of the biodegradable plastic net is 0.5-1cm; The thickness of the nutrient-retaining pad is 1-2 cm; The fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or fermented cow manure; The mass ratio of the moss seed source, chitosan, and soil is (0.5–1):(3–5):10.

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