Large-scale breeding method of longfin gibel carp

Abstract

The application provides a large-scale cultivation method of long-finned Gobiocypris rarus, and is characterized in that: the long-finned Gobiocypris rarus is cultivated in different stages according to the ecological habits, sensitivity to diseases and drugs, and physiological and nutritional requirements of the long-finned Gobiocypris rarus in different development stages. The artificial regulation of the cultivation conditions and the adjustment of the bait according to the development of the long-finned Gobiocypris rarus are carried out, and an intensive breeding mode of the fry with high density, fast growth and healthy fish body is established. The problems of low survival rate and low release success rate of the long-finned Gobiocypris rarus are solved, the breeding scale and the breeding efficiency are effectively improved, the fish body constitution is enhanced, and key technical support is provided for large-scale propagation and release.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to conservation techniques for rare and endemic fish species, and more particularly to a method for large-scale breeding of the longfin gudgeon. Background Technology

[0002] The longfin gudgeon (Rhinogobio ventralis) is a species of fish belonging to the Cyprinidae family and the Rhinogobio genus. It is distributed in the Jinsha River and its tributaries in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and is endemic to the Jinsha River. The longfin gudgeon was once a dominant species and an important economic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. However, due to the impact of human activities in recent years, its wild population has declined sharply. Therefore, researchers have studied artificial breeding techniques for the longfin gudgeon in hopes of restoring its wild population through artificial propagation and release. However, the longfin gudgeon suffers from a series of problems, including a strong stress response, susceptibility to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection, and slow growth and development, resulting in a low survival rate after release. This severely limits the process of large-scale breeding. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a breeding method that can effectively improve the survival rate and release success rate of longfin gudgeon, providing technical support for the large-scale release of the longfin gudgeon. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for large-scale breeding of longfin gudgeon. Based on the physiological characteristics and ecological habits of longfin gudgeon at different developmental stages, the method implements phased breeding of longfin gudgeon, which solves the problems of low survival rate and low release success rate of longfin gudgeon.

[0004] This invention provides a method for large-scale breeding of longfin gudgeon, comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) The fertilized eggs of longfin gudgeon were cultured for the first time, and the longfin gudgeon fry were obtained after 18-21 days of culture;

[0006] The first rearing process includes: placing fertilized eggs of longfin gudgeon in a first rearing tank and rearing them in water at a temperature of 18-20℃ for 4-6 hours; raising the water temperature from 18-20℃ to 25-27℃ at a rate of 2.0-2.5℃ / day; raising the water temperature from 25-27℃ to 28-30℃ at a rate of 0.17-0.28℃ / day, and feeding them with newly hatched nauplii of Artemia as food during the second temperature increase stage.

[0007] (2) The juvenile longfin gudgeon were cultured for 30-40 days to obtain the juvenile longfin gudgeon;

[0008] The second culture includes: placing juvenile longfin gudgeon in a second culture pond and feeding them mannan oligosaccharides daily; the water in the second culture pond must meet the following conditions: the density of prey organisms in the water is 3-4 organisms / mL, the water temperature is 30-31℃, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is <0.5 mg / L, and the nitrite concentration is <0.1 mg / L.

[0009] (3) The juvenile longfin gudgeon were cultured for 30-50 days to obtain fish of the release size;

[0010] The third rearing process includes: placing juvenile longfin gudgeon in a third rearing tank and feeding them mannan oligosaccharides daily; the water in the third rearing tank must meet the following conditions: ultraviolet radiation ≥1000 mW·s / cm². 2 The water temperature is 28-30℃, and the water flow velocity is 0.05-0.3 m / s.

[0011] In the above-described breeding method, in step (1), the Artemia nauplii are obtained by incubating Artemia eggs for 15-20 hours at a water temperature of 25-35℃, a salinity of 3%, and a light intensity of 3000-10000 lux.

[0012] In the above-described breeding method, step (2) further includes feeding a first feed daily, the first feed meeting the following conditions: crude protein content ≥50%, crude fat content ≥8%, crude fiber content ≤5%, crude ash content ≤18%, total phosphorus content ≥1.5%, lysine content ≥3%, moisture content ≤10%, and the particle size of the first feed being 0.32-0.42 mm; and / or,

[0013] The total daily feeding amount of mannan oligosaccharides and the first feed is 8-10% of the fish's body weight; and / or,

[0014] The daily feeding ratio of mannan oligosaccharide to the first feed is (0.2-0.3):100.

[0015] In the aquaculture method described above, in step (2), the water in the second aquaculture pond is prepared through the following steps:

[0016] Add feed to the water; once the feed has completely dissolved, add microalgae, Bacillus subtilis, and multivitamins to the water; wait 4-5 days to obtain fertilized water;

[0017] Mix the fertilizer water with river water at a volume ratio of 1:(15-25) and wait 10-12 days to obtain the water body for the second aquaculture pond.

[0018] In the breeding method described above, the feed meets the following conditions: crude protein content ≥42%, crude fat content ≥10%, crude fiber content ≤8%, crude ash content ≤20%, total phosphorus content ≥2%, lysine content ≥3%, and moisture content ≤12%.

[0019] The cultivation method described above, wherein the amount of microalgae added is 8000-12000 cells / mL; and / or,

[0020] The amount of Bacillus added is 800-1200 g / m³. 3 ; and / or,

[0021] The dosage of multivitamins added is 400-800 g / m². 3 .

[0022] The cultivation method described above, wherein, by number, the microalgae consist of 70% Chlorella and 30% diatoms; and / or,

[0023] By weight, the Bacillus species consist of 60 wt% Bacillus subtilis and 40 wt% Bacillus licheniformis; and / or,

[0024] A multivitamin includes 10,000-20,000 IU / g of vitamin A, 3,000-5,000 IU / g of vitamin D, 100-200 mg / g of vitamin E, 5-20 mg / g of vitamin B1, 5-20 mg / g of vitamin B2, 5-10 mg / g of vitamin B6, 0.01-0.1 mg / g of vitamin B12, 300-500 mg / g of vitamin C, 5-10 mg / g of vitamin K, 5-10 mg / g of folic acid, 30-50 mg / g of pantothenic acid, 50-100 mg / g of nicotinamide, and 0.5-1 mg / g of biotin.

[0025] The breeding method described above, wherein in step (3), the third breeding also includes: feeding a second feed every day, the second feed meeting the following conditions: crude protein content ≥48%, crude fat content ≥10%, crude fiber content ≤5%, crude ash content ≤18%, total phosphorus content ≥2%, lysine content ≥3%, moisture content ≤12%, and the particle size of the second feed is 0.42-0.62 mm;

[0026] The total daily feeding amount of mannan oligosaccharides and the second feed is 4-6% of the fish's body weight;

[0027] The daily feeding ratio of mannan oligosaccharide and the second feed is (0.2-0.3):100.

[0028] The breeding method described above, wherein step (3) further includes: in the third breeding, weak seedlings are culled every 10 days;

[0029] The culling of weak fry includes: introducing juvenile snakehead fish into the third rearing pond and using a partition to separate the juvenile snakehead fish from the juvenile longfin gudgeon; the partition includes a first partition and a second partition, the first partition has several holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm and a spacing of 0.5 cm between adjacent holes, and the second partition has several holes with a diameter of 7-9 mm and a spacing of 1 cm between adjacent holes; the first partition is closer to the juvenile longfin gudgeon than the second partition.

[0030] By controlling the water flow velocity to 0.3 m / s and removing the first partition, weak fry among the longfin gudgeon juveniles are preyed upon by snakehead juveniles through the 7-9 mm diameter round hole, thus eliminating the weak fry.

[0031] In the above-described breeding method, in step (1), the stocking density of longfin gudgeon fertilized eggs is 4500-6000 eggs / m². 3 ; and / or,

[0032] In step (2), the second culture meets the following conditions: the initial culture density of juvenile longfin gudgeon is 8,000-10,000 fish / m². 3 After 15-20 days, the stocking density of juvenile longfin gudgeon is 4000-5000 fish / m². 3 ; and / or,

[0033] In step (3), the third culture condition is met: the culture density of juvenile longfin gudgeon is 1000-3000 fish / m². 3 .

[0034] This invention provides a method for the large-scale breeding of longfin gudgeon. Targeting the ecological habits, disease and drug sensitivity, and physiological and nutritional needs of longfin gudgeon at different developmental stages, this invention implements phased breeding of longfin gudgeon. By artificially controlling breeding conditions at different developmental stages and adjusting feed according to the developmental status of the longfin gudgeon, a high-density, fast-growing, and healthy intensive breeding model for fry has been established. This solves the problems of low survival rate and low release success rate of longfin gudgeon, effectively improving the breeding scale and efficiency, enhancing the physical condition of the fish, and providing key technical support for large-scale propagation and release. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the second aquaculture system in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the third aquaculture system in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 3 It is the concentric circular groove structure at the bottom of the third aquaculture pond in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 4 It is the concentric circle pool structure in Example 1.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 1: Greenhouse;

[0041] 2: Steel frame structure;

[0042] 3: Plastic film;

[0043] 4: Ecological pond;

[0044] 5: Water pump;

[0045] 6: Water inlet pipe;

[0046] 7: Second breeding pond;

[0047] 8: Drainage pipes;

[0048] 9: Roller shutter machine;

[0049] 10: Ground;

[0050] 11: Third breeding pond;

[0051] 12: Concentric circle ponds;

[0052] 13: Main water inlet pipe

[0053] 14: Intermediate pipe;

[0054] 15: Main drain pipe;

[0055] 16: Partition pool;

[0056] 17: Ultraviolet lamp;

[0057] 18: Catchment pool;

[0058] 19: Overflow weir;

[0059] 20: Temperature control system;

[0060] 21: Temperature control system water inlet pipe;

[0061] 22: Water outlet pipe of the temperature control system;

[0062] 23: Outer groove;

[0063] 24: Inner groove.

[0064] 25: Outer pool;

[0065] 26: Inner pool. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below. The specific embodiments listed below are merely descriptions of the principles and features of the present invention, and the examples are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] To effectively improve the survival rate and release success rate of long-snout gudgeon, and thus provide technical support for the large-scale release of long-snout gudgeon, this invention provides a method for large-scale breeding of long-snout gudgeon, comprising the following steps:

[0068] (1) The fertilized eggs of longfin gudgeon were cultured for the first time, and the longfin gudgeon fry were obtained after 18-21 days of culture;

[0069] The first rearing process includes: placing fertilized eggs of longfin gudgeon in a first rearing tank and rearing them in water at a temperature of 18-20℃ for 4-6 hours; raising the water temperature from 18-20℃ to 25-27℃ at a rate of 2.0-2.5℃ / day; raising the water temperature from 25-27℃ to 28-30℃ at a rate of 0.17-0.28℃ / day, and feeding them with newly hatched nauplii of Artemia as food during the second temperature increase stage.

[0070] (2) The juvenile longfin gudgeon were cultured for 30-40 days to obtain the juvenile longfin gudgeon;

[0071] The second culture includes: placing juvenile longfin gudgeon in a second culture pond and feeding them mannan oligosaccharides daily; the water in the second culture pond must meet the following conditions: the density of prey organisms in the water is 3-4 organisms / mL, the water temperature is 30-31℃, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is <0.5 mg / L, and the nitrite concentration is <0.1 mg / L.

[0072] (3) The juvenile longfin gudgeon were cultured for 30-50 days to obtain fish of the release size;

[0073] The third rearing process includes: placing juvenile longfin gudgeon in a third rearing tank and feeding them mannan oligosaccharides daily; the water in the third rearing tank must meet the following conditions: ultraviolet radiation ≥1000 mW·s / cm². 2 The water temperature is 28-30℃, and the water flow velocity is 0.05-0.3 m / s.

[0074] This invention addresses the ecological habits, disease and drug sensitivity, and physiological and nutritional needs of longfin gudgeon at different developmental stages. It implements a phased culture method for longfin gudgeon, artificially controlling culture conditions at different developmental stages and adjusting feed according to the gudgeon's development. This establishes a high-density, fast-growing, and healthy intensive culture model for gudgeon fry, solving the problems of low survival and release success rates. It effectively increases the scale and efficiency of culture, enhances the fish's physical condition, and provides key technical support for large-scale stock enhancement and release.

[0075] In this aquaculture method, the fertilized eggs of longfin gudgeon are first cultured for 18-21 days to obtain juvenile longfin gudgeon. The first culture includes: placing the fertilized eggs of longfin gudgeon in a first culture pond and cultured at a water temperature of 18-20℃ for 4-6 hours; raising the water temperature from 18-20℃ to 25-27℃ at a rate of 2.0-2.5℃ / day; and raising the water temperature from 25-27℃ to 28-30℃ at a rate of 0.17-0.28℃ / day. During the second temperature raising stage, the fish are fed with newly hatched nauplii of Artemia as food.

[0076] By way of example, and not limitation, the first rearing pond can be a circular pond with a diameter of 4 m and a depth of 1 m. Before placing the fertilized eggs of the longfin gudgeon in the first rearing pond, water from the Jinsha River can be added to the pond until the water level reaches 80 cm, then the water inlet can be closed to provide an incubation environment for the eggs. Simultaneously, the water temperature in the first rearing pond needs to be maintained at 18℃-20℃, which is the suitable temperature for the incubation of the longfin gudgeon eggs. Furthermore, the aeration equipment in the first rearing pond can be turned on to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content in the pond is ≥6 mg / L, further ensuring the healthy growth of the longfin gudgeon.

[0077] In this invention, using longfin gudgeon fertilized eggs for rearing offers advantages. The egg membrane of the longfin gudgeon fertilized eggs effectively protects the embryo, thus avoiding the risk of transfer damage or even death. Existing rearing methods often select newly hatched longfin gudgeon larvae for rearing, but these larvae have disadvantages such as strong stress response and slow growth and development, making them susceptible to transfer damage and death. Therefore, this invention, using longfin gudgeon fertilized eggs for rearing, can significantly improve the survival rate of newly hatched larvae and effectively save on rearing costs. Furthermore, the longfin gudgeon fertilized eggs in this invention can be longfin gudgeon fertilized eggs that have developed to the embryonic movement stage.

[0078] After fertilized eggs of the longfin gudgeon are placed in the first rearing tank and cultured for 4-6 hours, the eggs will hatch and break through the membrane, yielding newly hatched larvae. Next, the heating equipment in the first rearing tank is turned on, and the water temperature is initially raised to 25-27℃ at a rate of 18-20℃ per day (2.0-2.5℃ / day). Controlling the initial heating rate accelerates the digestion and absorption of the yolk sac in the newly hatched larvae, increases their growth rate, and encourages them to start feeding as soon as possible. This invention shortens the yolk sac digestion and absorption time from 5-6 days in the prior art to 3 days. Furthermore, increasing the growth rate of the newly hatched larvae also shortens the life cycle of the white spot parasite, thereby shortening the trophozoite period and prompting the parasite to leave the fish body earlier, effectively reducing the damage caused by the trophozoite and ultimately improving the survival rate of the newly hatched larvae.

[0079] Once the water temperature reaches 25-27℃, the yolk sacs of the newly hatched fry will be fully digested and absorbed. At this point, the water temperature in the first rearing pond can be raised again from 25-27℃ to 28-30℃ at a rate of 0.17-0.28℃ / day. During this second temperature increase, newly hatched Artemia nauplii should be fed daily as food. This invention abandons the traditional method of feeding freshwater organisms, such as rotifers or cladocerans, and instead feeds newly hatched Artemia nauplii. Artemia nauplii live in conditions of high water temperature, low salinity, and sufficient light, and do not carry Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (white spot disease). Therefore, feeding Artemia nauplii reduces the probability of introducing Ichthyophthirius multifiliis cysts and larvae into the first rearing pond, thereby greatly reducing the probability of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis outbreaks during this stage. Furthermore, Artemia nauplii can be fed four times a day, and the density of Artemia nauplii in the water should be maintained at ≥10 nauplii / mL. By controlling the density of Artemia nauplii in the water, the nutritional needs necessary for fish growth can be fully met.

[0080] After obtaining juvenile longfin gudgeon, they can be cultured for 30-40 days to obtain young longfin gudgeon. The second culture includes placing the juvenile longfin gudgeon in a second culture pond and feeding them mannan oligosaccharides daily. The water in the second culture pond must meet the following conditions: the density of prey organisms in the water is 3-4 organisms / mL, the water temperature is 30-31℃, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is <0.5 mg / L, and the nitrite concentration is <0.1 mg / L.

[0081] By way of example and not limitation, the second aquaculture can be implemented through a second aquaculture system, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes greenhouse 1, ecological pond 4, and aquaculture system. Greenhouse 1 is 60 m long and 6 m wide, with a maximum arched apex height of 3 m. It consists of a steel frame structure 2, plastic film 3, and a rolling shutter machine 9. The steel frame structure 2 is 60 m long and 6 m wide overall, with a maximum arched apex height of 3 m. The plastic film 3 is attached to the steel frame structure 2. The rolling shutter machine 9 can roll up and down the plastic film 3 between the steel frames perpendicular to the ground. Ecological pond 4 is a 55 m long, 5.5 m wide, and 1.2 m deep cement pond located below ground level, with greenhouse 1 located above it. The aquaculture system consists of a water pump 5, an inlet pipe 6, a drainage pipe 8, and a second aquaculture pond 7. The second aquaculture pond 7 is composed of several parallel secondary series aquaculture ponds. In one specific embodiment, the secondary series aquaculture pond has two levels. The primary and secondary aquaculture ponds are circular ponds with a diameter of 1 m and a bottom and edges made of PP material. The primary aquaculture pond is 1.2 m high and 0.6 m deep, while the secondary aquaculture pond is 0.8 m high and 0.6 m deep. Both the primary and secondary aquaculture ponds contain intermediate station pipes with 60-mesh screens inside. The intermediate station pipe of the primary aquaculture pond is connected in series with the secondary aquaculture pond via a 7.5 cm diameter PVC pipe. The intermediate station pipe of the secondary aquaculture pond is connected to the drainage pipe 8. The drainage pipe 8 has a diameter of 11 cm. A PVC pipe with a diameter of 5 cm is used. One end of the pipe forms several branches that are connected to the secondary aquaculture ponds in a series of secondary aquaculture ponds. The other end of the pipe is connected to the ecological pond 4. The water inlet pipe 6 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 5 cm. One end of the pipe forms several branches that are connected to the primary aquaculture ponds in a series of secondary aquaculture ponds. The other end of the pipe is connected to the ecological pond 4. When the water pump 5 is started, the water can be driven from the ecological pond 4 through the water inlet pipe 6 to the secondary aquaculture ponds in a series of secondary aquaculture ponds, and then flow back to the ecological pond 4 through the drainage pipe 8.

[0082] use Figure 1 When the second aquaculture system is used for the second aquaculture, since the second aquaculture pond 7 and the ecological pond 4 are connected, the feed density, water temperature, ammonia nitrogen concentration and nitrite concentration in the ecological pond 4 can be controlled to control the feed density, water temperature and ammonia nitrogen concentration in the second aquaculture pond 7. This ensures that the environmental conditions in the second aquaculture pond 7 can provide a good growth environment and nutritional conditions for the juvenile longfin gudgeon.

[0083] By way of example and not limitation, in one specific embodiment, water pump 5 is turned on one day before the introduction of juvenile longfin gudgeon, so that the water inflow to each stage of the second rearing pond 7 is 0.5 m³. 3 / h, to ensure that the screen of the intermediate station pipe in the second breeding pond 7 intercepts some of the feed organisms, which can promote the density of feed organisms in each breeding pond to be 3-4 organisms / mL; by controlling the spray equipment of the ecological pond 4 and using the rolling curtain machine 9 to roll up the plastic film 3 on the side of the greenhouse 1 for ventilation, the water temperature of the second breeding pond 7 can be controlled at 29℃-30℃; by controlling the water preparation method in the ecological pond 4, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in the second breeding pond 7 can be controlled to be <0.5 mg / L and the nitrite concentration to be <0.1 mg / L.

[0084] Once the environmental and nutritional conditions in the second rearing pond 7 are suitable for the growth of juvenile longfin gudgeon, the juveniles can be placed in the second rearing pond 7 for a second rearing period of 30-40 days. During this second rearing period, mannan oligosaccharides are fed daily, and the screens of the intermediate station tubes are cleaned weekly to obtain juvenile longfin gudgeon. Mannan oligosaccharides are a type of antigenic active substance extracted from the cell walls of yeast cultures. They not only possess excellent physicochemical properties such as low calorie content, stability, safety, and non-toxicity, but also have effects such as protecting the intestines and enhancing immunity. In this invention, feeding mannan oligosaccharides can effectively enhance the physical condition of juvenile longfin gudgeon, improve their immunity to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (white spot disease), and reduce the probability of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis outbreaks. Cleaning the screens of the intermediate station tubes weekly further ensures the food density in the second rearing pond 7. Specifically, mannan oligosaccharides can be fed by mixing them into the fish feed.

[0085] Furthermore, in this invention, after placing the juvenile longfin gudgeon in the second rearing pond 7, the water temperature can be raised to 30℃-31℃ and maintained by controlling the spray equipment of the ecological pond 4 and using the rolling shutter machine 9 to roll up the plastic film 3 on the side of the greenhouse 1 for ventilation. If there is a long period of cloudy or rainy weather, the temperature control and heating equipment of the ecological pond 4 will be turned on to maintain the water temperature at 30℃-31℃. This temperature increase takes about 20-30 hours. This temperature increase can further increase the growth rate, shorten the life cycle of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and avoid the outbreak of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis disease.

[0086] After obtaining juvenile longfin gudgeon, they can undergo a third rearing process, which takes 30-50 days to produce mature longfin gudgeon. This third rearing process includes placing the juvenile longfin gudgeon in a third rearing tank and feeding them mannan oligosaccharides daily. The water in the third rearing tank must meet the following conditions: ultraviolet radiation ≥1000 mW·s / cm³. 2 The water temperature is 28-30℃, and the water flow velocity is 0.05-0.3 m / s.

[0087] In this invention, the longfin gudgeon obtained is a release-ready seedling of longfin gudgeon, with a total length of 4-6 cm.

[0088] By way of example and not limitation, in one specific embodiment, the third aquaculture can be implemented through a third aquaculture system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes a third aquaculture tank 11, an ultraviolet treatment unit, and a temperature control system 20.

[0089] The third aquaculture pond 11 is located on the ground 10. The third aquaculture pond 11 is composed of three circular ponds with a diameter of 2 m and made of PP material at the bottom and edges, connected in series. The circular ponds can be divided into a first-level aquaculture pond, a second-level aquaculture pond, and a third-level aquaculture pond. The first-level aquaculture pond is 1.6 m high and 0.8 m deep, the second-level aquaculture pond is 1.2 m high and 0.8 m deep, and the third-level aquaculture pond is 0.8 m high and 0.6 m deep. The first-level aquaculture pond, the second-level aquaculture pond, and the third-level aquaculture pond contain intermediate station pipes with 5 mm holes. The first-level aquaculture pond is connected to the intermediate pipe 14 through the intermediate station pipe, which in turn connects to the second-level aquaculture pond. The second-level aquaculture pond is connected to the intermediate pipe 14 through the intermediate station pipe, which in turn connects to the third-level aquaculture pond. The intermediate pipe is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 11 cm.

[0090] The ultraviolet treatment unit is located 10 meters below the ground. It is a concentric circular cement pool with a diameter of 6 m and a depth of 1.4 m, including an inner circular pool and an outer ring pool surrounding the inner circular pool. The inner circular pool has a diameter of 4 m and the outer ring pool has a width of 1 m. The outer ring pool includes 10 partition pools 16 of uniform size and a collection pool 18 with an area twice that of the partition pools 16. Among them, the first to fifth partition pools are biological filter media pools used to filter and treat waste in the water. Each of the sixth to tenth partition pools is equipped with five ultraviolet lamps 17 with a power of not less than 100 W. The height of the wall shared by the first-level partition pool and the collection pool 18 is the same as the depth of the outer ring pool, to prevent water from the collection pool 18 from flowing into the partition pool 16. The bottom of the wall shared by the first and second-level partition pools is 10 cm from the bottom of the pool, and the top is flush with the outer ring pool. The bottom of the wall shared by the second and third-level partition pools is 0 cm from the bottom of the pool, and the top is 20 cm lower than the height of the outer ring pool. And so on, the bottom of the wall shared by the tenth-level partition pool and the collection pool 18 is 0 cm from the bottom of the pool, and the top is 20 cm lower than the height of the ring pool. The first-stage partition pool is equipped with an overflow pipe for the inner circular pool, with a diameter of 16 cm and a height of 1.1 m. The inner circular pool is fitted with 40 100 W ultraviolet lamps 17. A submersible variable frequency pump 5 is installed near the third aquaculture pool 11 within the inner circular pool. Pump 5 is connected to the first-stage aquaculture pool of the third aquaculture pool 11 via a main inlet pipe 13. The third-stage aquaculture pool of the third aquaculture pool 11 is connected to the first-stage partition pool of the partition pool 16 via a main outlet pipe 15. Therefore, the water flow within the ultraviolet treatment unit is as follows: water from the third-stage aquaculture pool enters the first-stage partition pool through the main outlet pipe 15, then flows in a zigzag pattern through the biological filter media partition pool (partition pools 1-5) and the ultraviolet lamp partition pool (partition pools 6-10), enters the collection pool 18, then flows through the overflow weir 19 into the inner circular pool, and is then pumped by pump 5 to the main inlet pipe 13, entering the first-stage aquaculture pool. The main inlet pipe 13 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 7.5 cm, and the main outlet pipe 15 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 11 cm.

[0091] The temperature control system 20 is connected to the fifth-stage partition tank through the temperature control system inlet pipe 21, and to the sixth-stage partition tank through the temperature control system outlet pipe 22.

[0092] use Figure 2 When conducting the third aquaculture system as shown, pretreatment is required before introducing juvenile longfin gudgeon. Specifically, water from the Jinsha River is added to the third aquaculture system until it is full; the ultraviolet lamps 17 of the ultraviolet treatment unit are turned on to disinfect the water, ensuring that the total ultraviolet radiation dose in the water of the third aquaculture system is ≥1000 mW·s / cm³. 2This effectively kills Ichthyophthirius multifiliis cysts and larvae in the water, preventing the occurrence of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis disease. The temperature control system 20 controls the water temperature at 28℃-30℃ to ensure the healthy growth of juvenile longfin gudgeon. By adjusting the entry angle and water volume of each water pipe in the third aquaculture system, the water flow velocity is controlled at 0.05 m / s, which makes it difficult for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis larvae to parasitize the fish, and at the same time, it can quickly flush Ichthyophthirius multifiliis cysts and larvae to the ultraviolet treatment unit for killing.

[0093] Once the environmental and nutritional conditions in the third rearing pond 11 are suitable for the growth of juvenile longfin gudgeon, the juveniles can be placed in the third rearing pond 11 for a period of 30-50 days. During this third rearing period, mannan oligosaccharides are fed daily to obtain juvenile longfin gudgeon of release size. Feeding mannan oligosaccharides during this stage effectively enhances the physical condition of the juvenile longfin gudgeon, improves their immunity to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (white spot disease), and reduces the probability of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis outbreaks. Specifically, mannan oligosaccharides can be fed by mixing them into the fish feed.

[0094] In the above technical solution, in step (1), the nauplius larvae are obtained by incubating the brine shrimp eggs for 15-20 hours at a water temperature of 25-35℃, a salinity of 3%, and a light intensity of 3000-10000 lux.

[0095] Artemia is a small, globally distributed crustacean that tolerates high salinity. In low-salinity environments, dormant eggs of Artemia can hatch into nauplius larvae. In this invention, by controlling water temperature, salinity, light intensity, and incubation time, the quality of food for newly hatched Artemia nauplius larvae can be further improved. The resulting nauplius larvae are then sized to meet the feeding size requirements of newly hatched fry. Furthermore, since freshwater Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (white spot disease) cannot survive in water with a salinity of 3%, the nauplius larvae hatched under the conditions specified in this invention will not carry Ichthyophthirius multifiliis or suffer from Ichthyophthirius multifiliis disease.

[0096] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nauplius larvae are obtained by incubating Artemia eggs for 18 hours under conditions of water temperature of 30°C, salinity of 3%, and light intensity of 7000 lux.

[0097] In the above technical solution, step (2) of the second aquaculture also includes: feeding the first feed daily, the first feed meeting the following conditions: crude protein content ≥50%, crude fat content ≥8%, crude fiber content ≤5%, crude ash content ≤18%, total phosphorus content ≥1.5%, lysine content ≥3%, moisture content ≤10%, and the particle size of the first feed being 0.32-0.42 mm. The composition and content of the first feed meeting the above requirements can further provide the necessary nutrition for the growth of juvenile longfin gudgeon; the particle size of the first feed meeting the above requirements can meet the mouth size of the juvenile longfin gudgeon, making it easier for the juveniles to feed, thereby further ensuring the healthy growth of the juveniles.

[0098] In this invention, the total daily feeding amount of mannan oligosaccharide and the first feed is 8-10% of the fish's body weight. This feeding amount is 1.2 times the normal feeding amount for juvenile longfin gudgeon. Any uneaten feed will be fed into ecological pond 4 as a fertilization agent. The daily feeding mass ratio of mannan oligosaccharide to the first feed is (0.2-0.3):100. Limiting the mannan oligosaccharide feeding amount to this range allows for better utilization of its effects, enhancing the physical condition of juvenile longfin gudgeon, improving their immunity to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (white spot disease), and reducing the probability of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis outbreaks. Specifically, the mannan oligosaccharide can be mixed with the first feed and fed 2-3 times daily.

[0099] In the above technical solution, in step (2), the water body of the second aquaculture pond is prepared by the following steps: adding feed to the water; after the feed is completely dissolved, adding microalgae, Bacillus and compound vitamins to the water; waiting 4-5 days to obtain fertilized water; mixing the fertilized water with river water at a volume ratio of 1:(15-25), waiting 10-12 days to obtain the water body of the second aquaculture pond.

[0100] By way of example and not limitation, in one specific embodiment, the fertilized water can be prepared in a fertilization tank that is 4 m long, 2 m wide, and 1 m deep. Tap water is added to the fertilization tank until the water level is 80 cm. 20-30 kg of feed is added, and the aeration device is turned on to ensure dissolved oxygen in the fertilization tank is ≥6 mg / L, thereby promoting feed fermentation and accelerating the formation of fertilized water. Simultaneously, the fertilization tank is stirred 3-5 times daily to promote complete feed dissolution and further promote feed fermentation. After 3-4 days, when the feed is completely dissolved and the water in the fertilization tank turns a yellowish-brown color, microalgae are introduced into the fertilization tank, along with Bacillus subtilis and compound vitamins to cultivate feed organisms and reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water. After 4-5 days, the water in the fertilization tank turns green, and the fertilized water is obtained.

[0101] Subsequently, using such Figure 1The second aquaculture system shown continues to cultivate the water in the second aquaculture pond. Specifically, fertilized water can be pumped into the ecological pond 4 of the second aquaculture system, making the volume ratio of fertilized water to river water in ecological pond 4 1:(15-25). The spray equipment in ecological pond 4 is turned on and the flow rate is set to ≥1 m³ / s. 3 At 1 hour, the aeration and oxygenation device in ecological pond 4 is turned on to ensure dissolved oxygen levels are ≥6 mg / L. After 10-12 days, the water in ecological pond 4 turns green, and the density of food organisms such as rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods reaches 1-2 individuals / mL, with ammonia nitrogen concentration <0.5 mg / L and nitrite concentration <0.1 mg / L. Regulating the ratio of fertilized water to river water in ecological pond 4 provides the necessary substances for rapid microalgae reproduction. Furthermore, the river water can be from the Jinsha River.

[0102] Furthermore, the feed must meet the following conditions: crude protein content ≥42%, crude fat content ≥10%, crude fiber content ≤8%, crude ash content ≤20%, total phosphorus content ≥2%, lysine content ≥3%, and moisture content ≤12%. Limiting the composition and content of the feed helps to further promote the formation of fertile water and helps to ensure that the water in the second rearing pond meets the growth requirements of juvenile longfin gudgeon.

[0103] Furthermore, the amount of microalgae added is 8000-12000 cells / mL; the amount of Bacillus added is 800-1200 g / mL. 3 The dosage of multivitamins added is 400-800 g / m². 3 .

[0104] Microalgae can green the water, increase dissolved oxygen through photosynthesis, and serve as food for protozoa such as rotifers and cladocerans. Bacillus can degrade harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water. Multivitamins can nutritionally fortify the microalgae and protozoa in the water, increasing their vitamin content and thus enhancing the vitamin levels in fish fry, thereby improving their immunity. By combining microalgae, Bacillus, and multivitamins and limiting their respective addition amounts, the water can be rapidly greened, and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can be quickly reduced. It is understood that adding any one or two of the microalgae, Bacillus, and multivitamins in amounts that meet the above limits can promote the formation of the water in the second aquaculture pond; when all three amounts meet the above limits, they can better promote the formation of the water in the second aquaculture pond.

[0105] In one specific embodiment, the microalgae, by number, consist of 70% Chlorella and 30% diatoms; by mass, the Bacillus consists of 60 wt% Bacillus subtilis and 40 wt% Bacillus licheniformis; the complex vitamins include 10,000-20,000 IU / g of vitamin A, 3,000-5,000 IU / g of vitamin D, 100-200 mg / g of vitamin E, 5-20 mg / g of vitamin B1, 5-20 mg / g of vitamin B2, 5-10 mg / g of vitamin B6, 0.01-0.1 mg / g of vitamin B12, 300-500 mg / g of vitamin C, 5-10 mg / g of vitamin K, 5-10 mg / g of folic acid, 30-50 mg / g of pantothenic acid, 50-100 mg / g of nicotinamide, and 0.5-1 mg / g of biotin.

[0106] Limiting the composition of microalgae, Bacillus, or multivitamins helps to further promote the rapid greening of the water and quickly reduce harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite. It is understandable that the composition of any one or two of the microalgae, Bacillus, and multivitamins meeting the above limitations can promote the formation of the water in the second aquaculture pond; when the composition of all three components meets the above limitations, it can better promote the formation of the water in the second aquaculture pond.

[0107] In the above technical solution, step (3) of the third aquaculture also includes: feeding a second feed every day. The second feed meets the following conditions: crude protein content ≥48%, crude fat content ≥10%, crude fiber content ≤5%, crude ash content ≤18%, total phosphorus content ≥2%, lysine content ≥3%, and moisture content ≤12%. The particle size of the second feed is 0.42-0.62 mm. The composition and content of the second feed meeting the above requirements can further improve the growth rate of the fish and reduce individual differences in the aquaculture group. The particle size of the second feed meeting the above requirements can meet the mouth size of the juvenile longfin gudgeon, making it easier for the juvenile fish to feed and further ensuring the healthy growth of the juvenile fish.

[0108] In this invention, the total daily feeding amount of mannan oligosaccharide and the second feed is 4-6% of the fish's body weight, and the feeding amount of mannan oligosaccharide and the first feed is 1.1 times the normal feeding amount for juvenile longfin gudgeon. In this invention, the daily feeding mass ratio of mannan oligosaccharide and the second feed is (0.2-0.3):100. Limiting the feeding amount of mannan oligosaccharide to the above range can further enhance the effect of mannan oligosaccharide, improve the physical condition of juvenile longfin gudgeon, increase their immunity to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (white spot disease), and reduce the probability of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis outbreaks. Specifically, mannan oligosaccharide can be mixed with the second feed and fed 2-3 times a day.

[0109] In the above technical solution, step (3) also includes: in the third breeding, weak seedlings are eliminated every 10 days;

[0110] The culling of weak fry includes: introducing juvenile snakehead fish into the third rearing pond and using partitions to separate the juvenile snakehead fish from juvenile longfin gudgeon fish; the partitions include a first partition and a second partition, the first partition having several holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm and a spacing of 0.5 cm between adjacent holes, and the second partition having several holes with a diameter of 7-9 mm and a spacing of 1 cm between adjacent holes, and the height of the first partition and the second partition being the same as the depth of the third rearing pond; the first partition is closer to the juvenile longfin gudgeon fish than the second partition;

[0111] By controlling the water flow velocity to 0.3 m / s and removing the first partition, weak fry among the longfin gudgeon juveniles are preyed upon by snakehead juveniles through the 7-9 mm diameter round hole, thus eliminating the weak fry.

[0112] By way of example and not limitation, in one particular embodiment, the use of, Figure 2 The third breeding system shown performs culling of weak seedlings. In addition, as... Figure 3 As shown, the bottoms of the first, second, and third-level aquaculture ponds in the third aquaculture pond 11 have concentric circular groove structures, including an outer groove 23 with a diameter of 40 cm and an inner groove 24 with a diameter of 38 cm. A cylindrical acrylic plate with a diameter of 40 cm (i.e., the first partition) is inserted into the outer groove 23. This cylindrical acrylic plate with a diameter of 40 cm has evenly distributed circular holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm and a hole spacing of 0.5 cm. A cylindrical acrylic plate with a diameter of 38 cm (i.e., the second partition) is inserted into the inner groove 24. This cylindrical acrylic plate with a diameter of 38 cm has evenly distributed circular holes with a diameter of 7-9 mm and a hole spacing of 1 cm, which can form concentric small ponds 12. Figure 4 As shown, the concentric pools 12 include an outer pool 25 and an inner pool 26.

[0113] Juvenile longfin gudgeon were transferred to an area outside the concentric sub-ponds 12 in the third rearing pond 11 for further rearing. Simultaneously, 10 juvenile snakehead fish (10-12 cm in length) were introduced into the inner pond 26 of the third rearing pond 11. Mannan oligosaccharides and a second feed were fed daily to the area outside the concentric sub-ponds 12 in the third rearing pond 11, at 1.1 times the normal feeding amount. During feeding, the main inlet pipe 13 was closed. After the longfin gudgeon juveniles finished feeding, the main inlet pipe 13 was opened, and the remaining feed was rotated into the concentric sub-ponds 12 by controlling the water flow rate for the snakehead juveniles to consume.

[0114] To prevent weak fry from becoming diseased and causing an outbreak among all fry, and to utilize high water flow velocity to screen out weak fry, this invention sets up a culling process for weak fry every 10 days. Weak fry are preyed upon by juvenile snakehead fish. The day before culling, the feeding amount for juvenile longfin gudgeon is reduced to 0.8 times the normal amount, resulting in no surplus feed for the juvenile snakehead fish and causing them to become hungry. On the day of culling, the water inflow is increased, and the water flow velocity is controlled at 0.3 m / s. The first partition is removed, exposing the second partition. Because the second partition has a large aperture and the weak fry cannot resist the high flow velocity, they are swept into the concentric small ponds 12 by the water flow and preyed upon by the juvenile snakehead fish. Meanwhile, strong, healthy fry can resist the high flow velocity and are not preyed upon by the juvenile snakehead fish.

[0115] Cultivating weak fry not only eliminates them but also regularly trains their physical condition and enhances their resistance. Furthermore, the first and second partitions are made of transparent acrylic material, allowing juvenile snakehead fish to deter juvenile longfin gudgeon, keeping them alert and improving their ability to evade predators, ultimately increasing the success rate after release.

[0116] In the above technical solution, in step (1), the release density of longfin gudgeon fertilized eggs is 4500-6000 eggs / m². 3 This stocking density can maximize the hatching yield while ensuring normal hatching of fertilized eggs, thereby improving aquaculture efficiency. In step (2), the second culture meets the following conditions: the initial culture density of juvenile longfin gudgeon is 8000-10000 fish / m². 3 After 15-20 days, the stocking density of juvenile longfin gudgeon is 4000-5000 fish / m². 3 By adjusting the stocking density, the stocking efficiency can be maximized while ensuring the normal growth of juvenile longfin gudgeon. In step (3), the third stocking meets the following conditions: the stocking density of juvenile longfin gudgeon is 1000-3000 fish / m². 3 Controlling the stocking density of juvenile fish can effectively improve the scale and efficiency of aquaculture while ensuring the healthy growth of juvenile fish. It is understood that any one or two of the stocking densities in steps (1), (2), and (3) that meet the above-mentioned restrictions can promote aquaculture efficiency; when all the stocking densities in steps (1), (2), and (3) meet the above-mentioned restrictions, aquaculture efficiency can be promoted even better.

[0117] The technical solution of this application will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments. Experimental methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions are generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used are commercially available or obtained through public channels.

[0118] Example 1:

[0119] This embodiment provides a method for breeding longfin gudgeon, and the method was used to breed longfin gudgeon at the Wudongde Breeding and Release Station of the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute of China Three Gorges Corporation in April 2023. The specific steps are as follows:

[0120] (1) The first breeding period lasts 18-21 days:

[0121] The first rearing pond was set up with a diameter of 4 m and a depth of 1 m. Water from the Jinsha River was added to the pond until the water level reached 80 cm, then the inlet was closed. The water temperature in the first rearing pond was maintained at 18℃-20℃. The aeration and oxygenation equipment in the first rearing pond was turned on to ensure a dissolved oxygen content ≥6 mg / L. Fertilized eggs of the longfin gudgeon, which had reached the embryonic movement stage, were introduced at a rate of 6000 eggs / m². 3 The fertilized eggs were stocked at a density suitable for hatching in the first rearing pond. After 4-6 hours, the eggs hatched and produced newly hatched larvae. Next, the heating equipment in the first rearing pond was turned on, raising the water temperature to 26°C at a rate of 2.0°C / day, for approximately 3 days. Subsequently, the water temperature was raised to 29°C at a rate of 0.17°C / day, for approximately 18 days. During this period, the newly hatched Artemia nauplii were fed four times daily, maintaining a density of ≥10 nauplii / mL in the water, resulting in juvenile longfin gudgeon. The aforementioned newly hatched Artemia nauplii were obtained by incubating Artemia eggs for 18 hours at a water temperature of 30°C, a salinity of 3%, and a light intensity of 7000 lux.

[0122] (2) Secondary breeding period of 30-40 days:

[0123] Build as Figure 1The second aquaculture system shown includes a greenhouse 1, an ecological pond 4, and an aquaculture system. Greenhouse 1 is 60 m long, 6 m wide, and has a maximum arched apex height of 3 m. It consists of a steel frame structure 2, a plastic film 3, and a rolling shutter machine 9. The steel frame structure 2 is 60 m long, 6 m wide, and has a maximum arched apex height of 3 m. The plastic film 3 is attached to the steel frame structure 2. The rolling shutter machine 9 can roll up and down the plastic film 3 between the steel frames perpendicular to the ground. The ecological pond 4 is a 55 m long, 5.5 m wide, and 1.2 m deep cement pond located below ground level, with greenhouse 1 located above it. The aquaculture system consists of a water pump 5, an inlet pipe 6, a drainage pipe 8, and a second aquaculture pond 7. The second aquaculture pond 7 is composed of several parallel secondary-stage aquaculture ponds connected in series. There are two stages of the secondary-stage aquaculture pond. Both the primary and secondary aquaculture ponds are circular ponds with a diameter of 1 m and a bottom and edges made of PP material. The primary aquaculture pond is 1.2 m high and 0.6 m deep, while the secondary aquaculture pond is 0.8 m high and 0.6 m deep. Both the primary and secondary aquaculture ponds contain intermediate station pipes with 60-mesh screens inside. The intermediate station pipe of the primary aquaculture pond connects to a 7.5 cm diameter PVC pipe, which then connects to the secondary aquaculture ponds in series. The intermediate station pipe of the secondary aquaculture pond connects to the drainage pipe 8. The drainage pipe 8 is an 11 cm diameter PVC pipe, with one end forming several branch pipes that connect to the secondary aquaculture ponds in the series, and the other end connecting to the ecological pond 4. The inlet pipe 6 is a 5 cm diameter... A PVC pipe of cm is formed at one end, which forms several pipe branches that are connected to the first-level aquaculture pond in a series of secondary aquaculture ponds. The other end is connected to the ecological pond 4. The water pump 5 can drive the water from the ecological pond 4 through the inlet pipe 6 to the secondary aquaculture pond, and then through the drainage pipe 8 back to the ecological pond 4.

[0124] Prepare the water for ecological pond 4. Add Jinsha River water to a 4 m long, 2 m wide, and 1 m deep fertilization pond until the water level reaches 80 cm. Add 25 kg of feed and turn on the aeration device to ensure dissolved oxygen ≥ 6 mg / L. The feed should contain ≥ 42% crude protein, ≥ 10% crude fat, ≤ 8% crude fiber, ≤ 20% crude ash, ≥ 2% total phosphorus, ≥ 3% lysine, and ≤ 12% moisture. Stir the fertilization pond 3-5 times daily. After 3-4 days, when the feed is completely dissolved and the water turns a yellowish-brown color, inoculate the pond with microalgae at a density of 10,000 cells / mL and add 1000 g / m³ of feed. 3 Bacillus and 600 g / m 3The compound vitamins are used to cultivate feed organisms and reduce ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water. The microalgae consist of 70% Chlorella and 30% diatoms; the Bacillus consists of 60 wt% Bacillus subtilis and 40 wt% Bacillus licheniformis; the compound vitamins include 15000 IU / g vitamin A, 4000 IU / g vitamin D, 150 mg / g vitamin E, 12.5 mg / g vitamin B1, 12.5 mg / g vitamin B2, 7.5 mg / g vitamin B6, 0.055 mg / g vitamin B12, 400 mg / g vitamin C, 7.5 mg / g vitamin K, 7.5 mg / g folic acid, 40 mg / g pantothenic acid, 75 mg / g nicotinamide, and 0.75 mg / g biotin. After 4-5 days, the water in the fertilized pond turns green, resulting in fertilized water. Subsequently, the fertilized water was pumped into ecological pond 4 of the second aquaculture system, so that the volume ratio of the fertilized water to the Jinsha River water in ecological pond 4 was 1:20. The sprinkler system in ecological pond 4 was then turned on and the flow rate was set to ≥1 m³ / s. 3 / h, turn on the aeration and oxygenation device in ecological pond 4 to ensure dissolved oxygen ≥6 mg / L. After 11 days, the water in ecological pond 4 turns green, and the density of food organisms such as rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods is 1-2 individuals / mL, with ammonia nitrogen concentration <0.5 mg / L and nitrite concentration <0.1 mg / L. Next, before transferring the longfin gudgeon juveniles, control the water temperature in the second rearing pond 7 at 29℃-30℃ by controlling the spray equipment in ecological pond 4 and using the rolling shutter machine 9 to roll up the plastic film 3 on the side of greenhouse 1 for ventilation; one day before the longfin gudgeon juveniles are transferred, turn on water pump 5 to ensure the water inflow to each rearing pond in the second rearing pond 7 is 0.5 m³. 3 / h, to ensure that the screen in the intermediate station pipe in the second culture pond 7 intercepts some of the food organisms, so as to promote the density of food organisms in each culture pond to be 3-4 organisms / mL. When the density of food organisms in the second culture pond 7 is 3-4 organisms / mL, the water temperature is 29-30℃, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is <0.5 mg / L, and the nitrite concentration is <0.1 mg / L, the longfin gudgeon juveniles in step 1 can be transferred to the second culture pond 7.

[0125] The juvenile longfin gudgeon from step 1 were transferred to the second rearing pond 7. The water temperature was raised to 30℃-31℃ and maintained by controlling the spray system of ecological pond 4 and using a rolling shutter machine 9 to roll up the plastic film 3 on the side of greenhouse 1 for ventilation. If prolonged periods of overcast or rainy weather occurred, the temperature control and heating equipment in ecological pond 4 was activated to maintain the water temperature at 30℃-31℃. The initial stocking density for each rearing pond was 10,000 fish / m². 3 After 15 days of rearing, the stocking density will be adjusted to 5000 fish / m². 3The fish were cultured for another 30 days to obtain juvenile longfin gudgeon. During the second rearing period, the screens of the intermediate station pipes were cleaned once a week. The fish were fed 2-3 times a day with a first feed with a particle size of 0.32 mm-0.42 mm and mannan oligosaccharides. The first feed contained ≥50% crude protein, ≥8% crude fat, ≤5% crude fiber, ≤18% crude ash, ≥1.5% total phosphorus, ≥3% lysine, and ≤10% moisture. The total amount of mannan oligosaccharides and the first feed was 10% of the fish's body weight, which is 1.2 times the normal feeding amount for longfin gudgeon juveniles. The mass ratio of mannan oligosaccharides to the first feed was 0.25:100.

[0126] (3) The third breeding period is 30-50 days:

[0127] Build as Figure 2 The third aquaculture system shown includes a third aquaculture tank 11, an ultraviolet treatment unit, and a temperature control system 20.

[0128] The third rearing pond 11 is located on the ground 10. It consists of three circular ponds, each 2 m in diameter and made of PP material at the bottom and edges, connected in series. It can be divided into a first-level, second-level, and third-level rearing pond. The first-level pond is 1.6 m high and 0.8 m deep; the second-level pond is 1.2 m high and 0.8 m deep; and the third-level pond is 0.8 m high and 0.6 m deep. Each of the three rearing ponds contains an intermediate pipe with 5 mm holes (to prevent juvenile snakehead fish from escaping). The first-level pond is connected to an intermediate pipe 14 via the intermediate pipe, which in turn connects to the second-level pond. The second-level pond is also connected to the intermediate pipe 14 via the intermediate pipe, which in turn connects to the third-level pond. The intermediate pipe is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 11 cm. Figure 3 As shown, the bottoms of the first, second, and third-level aquaculture ponds have concentric circular groove structures, including an outer groove 23 with a diameter of 40 cm and an inner groove 24 with a diameter of 38 cm. A cylindrical acrylic plate with a diameter of 40 cm is inserted into the outer groove 23. This cylindrical acrylic plate has evenly distributed circular holes with a diameter of 4 mm and a spacing of 0.5 cm, and its height is consistent with the pond depth. A cylindrical acrylic plate with a diameter of 38 cm is inserted into the inner groove 24. This cylindrical acrylic plate has evenly distributed circular holes with a diameter of 8 mm and a spacing of 1 cm, and its height is consistent with the pond depth. This forms concentric small ponds 12. Figure 4 As shown, the concentric pools 12 include an outer pool 25 and an inner pool 26.

[0129] The ultraviolet treatment unit is located 10 meters below the ground. It is a concentric circular cement pool with a diameter of 6 m and a depth of 1.4 m, including an inner circular pool and an outer ring pool surrounding the inner circular pool. The inner circular pool has a diameter of 4 m and the outer ring pool has a width of 1 m. The outer ring pool includes 10 partition pools 16 of uniform size and a collection pool 18 with an area twice that of the partition pools 16. Among them, the first to fifth partition pools are biological filter media pools used to filter and treat waste in the water. Each of the sixth to tenth partition pools is equipped with five ultraviolet lamps 17 with a power of not less than 100 W. The height of the wall shared by the first-level partition pool and the collection pool 18 is the same as the depth of the outer ring pool, to prevent water from the collection pool 18 from flowing into the partition pool 16. The bottom of the wall shared by the first and second-level partition pools is 10 cm from the bottom of the pool, and the top is flush with the outer ring pool. The bottom of the wall shared by the second and third-level partition pools is 0 cm from the bottom of the pool, and the top is 20 cm lower than the height of the outer ring pool. And so on, the bottom of the wall shared by the tenth-level partition pool and the collection pool 18 is 0 cm from the bottom of the pool, and the top is 20 cm lower than the height of the ring pool. The first-stage partition pool is equipped with an overflow pipe for the inner circular pool, with a diameter of 16 cm and a height of 1.1 m. The inner circular pool is fitted with 40 100 W ultraviolet lamps 17. A submersible variable frequency pump 5 is installed near the third aquaculture pool 11 within the inner circular pool. Pump 5 is connected to the first-stage aquaculture pool of the third aquaculture pool 11 via a main inlet pipe 13. The third-stage aquaculture pool of the third aquaculture pool 11 is connected to the first-stage partition pool of the partition pool 16 via a main outlet pipe 15. Therefore, the water flow within the ultraviolet treatment unit is as follows: water from the third-stage aquaculture pool enters the first-stage partition pool through the main outlet pipe 15, then flows in a zigzag pattern through the biological filter media partition pool (partition pools 1-5) and the ultraviolet lamp partition pool (partition pools 6-10), enters the collection pool 18, then flows through the overflow weir 19 into the inner circular pool, and is then pumped by pump 5 to the main inlet pipe 13, entering the first-stage aquaculture pool. The main inlet pipe 13 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 7.5 cm, and the main outlet pipe 15 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 11 cm.

[0130] The temperature control system 20 is connected to the fifth-stage partition tank through the temperature control system inlet pipe 21, and to the sixth-stage partition tank through the temperature control system outlet pipe 22.

[0131] First, pretreatment is performed by adding Jinsha River water to the third aquaculture system until it is full; then, the 17 ultraviolet lamps in the ultraviolet treatment unit are turned on to disinfect the water, ensuring that the total ultraviolet radiation dose in the water of the third aquaculture system is ≥1000 mW·s / cm³. 2 The temperature control system 20 is used to control the water temperature at 28℃-30℃; the water flow rate is controlled at 0.05 m / s by adjusting the entry angle and water volume of each water pipe in the third aquaculture system.

[0132] The juvenile longfin gudgeon from step 2 were transferred to an area outside the concentric smaller ponds 12 in the third rearing pond 11 for further rearing at a density of 2000 fish / m². 3 Simultaneously, 10 juvenile snakehead fish with a body length of 10-12 cm were introduced into inner pond 26 of the third rearing pond 11. The area outside the concentric small ponds 12 in the third rearing pond 11 was fed 2-3 times daily with a secondary feed with a particle size of 0.42 mm-0.62 mm and mannan oligosaccharides. The secondary feed contained ≥48% crude protein, ≥10% crude fat, ≤5% crude fiber, ≤18% crude ash, ≥2% total phosphorus, ≥3% lysine, and ≤12% moisture. The total feeding amount of mannan oligosaccharides and the secondary feed was 5% of the fish's body weight, which is 1.1 times the normal feeding amount for juvenile longfin gudgeon, and the mass ratio of mannan oligosaccharides to the secondary feed was 0.2:100. When feeding, close the main water inlet pipe 13. After the juvenile longfin gudgeon finishes feeding, open the main water inlet pipe 13 and rotate the remaining feed into the concentric small pond 12 by controlling the water flow rate for the juvenile snakehead fish to feed. Weak fry are culled every 10 days to prevent them from getting sick and causing an outbreak of disease among all fry. At the same time, the high water flow velocity is used to screen out weak fry, which are then preyed upon by snakehead fry. The specific method is as follows: The day before the culling of weak fry, the feeding amount of longfin gudgeon fry is reduced to 2% of the fish's body weight (0.8 times the normal feeding amount), resulting in no leftover feed for snakehead fry and causing them to be in a state of hunger; On the day of the culling of weak fry, the water inflow is increased and the water flow velocity is controlled at 0.3 m / s. The 40 cm diameter cylindrical acrylic plate is removed, exposing the 38 cm diameter cylindrical acrylic plate. The 38 cm diameter cylindrical acrylic plate has a large aperture, so the weak fry will be swirled into the concentric small pond 12 by the high flow velocity and preyed upon by snakehead fry. Longfin gudgeon were cultured in the third culture pond 11 for 30-50 days to obtain longfin gudgeon seedlings with a total length of 4-6 cm for release.

[0133] The longfin gudgeon seedlings raised using the above methods have a survival rate of over 98% during transport and over 99% during temporary rearing at the release site. In 2024, approximately 300,000 seedlings of the required size were cultivated and released at the Wudongde Propagation and Release Station of the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute of China Three Gorges Corporation, and a total of 270,000 seedlings were released in 2024.

[0134] Example 2:

[0135] This embodiment provides a method for farming longfin gudgeon, the steps of which are the same as in Embodiment 1. The only difference is that in this embodiment, the weak seedlings are culled during the third farming period of 30-50 days as follows:

[0136] Every 20 days, weak fry are culled. The day before the culling, the feeding amount of longfin gudgeon juveniles is reduced to 2% of their body weight (0.8 times the normal feeding amount), resulting in no surplus feed for snakehead juveniles and causing them to be in a state of hunger. On the day of the culling, the water intake is increased, the water flow rate is controlled at 0.1 m / s, and the 40 cm diameter cylindrical acrylic plate is removed, exposing the 38 cm diameter cylindrical acrylic plate.

[0137] The longfin gudgeon seedlings obtained through the above methods have a survival rate of over 90% during transportation and over 95% during temporary release. Furthermore, the proportion of weak seedlings in the longfin gudgeon seedlings obtained without culling weak seedlings is 15%-20%, and the frequency of bacterial disease outbreaks during the rearing process reaches 1-3 times; while the proportion of weak seedlings in the longfin gudgeon seedlings obtained in Example 1, which involved culling weak seedlings, is 0%, and the frequency of bacterial disease outbreaks during the rearing process is 0%.

[0138] Comparative Example 1:

[0139] This comparative example provides a method for raising longfin gudgeon, the steps of which can be referred to in Example 1, the only difference being that this comparative example does not feed the gudgeon with newly hatched nauplii.

[0140] The longfin gudgeon fry obtained through the above methods had a release survival rate of over 85% during temporary rearing and over 88% during transport. Furthermore, the first rearing survival rate without using newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii was 55%, with a total fish length of 1.2-1.3 cm at the end of the first rearing period; the first rearing survival rate using newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (Example 1) was 86%, with a total fish length of 1.5-1.7 cm at the end of the first rearing period.

[0141] Comparative Example 2:

[0142] This comparative example provides a method for raising longfin gudgeon, the steps of which can be referred to in Example 1, the only difference being that this comparative example does not feed mannan oligosaccharides.

[0143] The longfin gudgeon fry obtained through the above methods had a release survival rate of over 87% during temporary rearing and over 90% during transport. Furthermore, the survival rate for the second rearing without mannan oligosaccharides was 69%, and the survival rate for the third rearing was 72%. At the end of the third rearing, the total fish length was 3.2-3.8 cm, and there were 2-3 outbreaks of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis disease during the rearing period. In contrast, the survival rate for the second rearing using mannan oligosaccharides (Example 1) was 90%, and the survival rate for the third rearing was 85%. At the end of the third rearing, the total fish length was 4.0-6.0 cm, and there were 0 outbreaks of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis disease.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for large-scale breeding of longfin gudgeon, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The fertilized eggs of longfin gudgeon were cultured for the first time, and the longfin gudgeon fry were obtained after 18-21 days of culture; The first culture includes: placing the fertilized eggs of the longfin gudgeon in a first culture tank and cultured them in water at a temperature of 18-20℃ for 4-6 hours; raising the water temperature from 18-20℃ to 25-27℃ at a rate of 2.0-2.5℃ / day; raising the water temperature from 25-27℃ to 28-30℃ at a rate of 0.17-0.28℃ / day, and feeding the gudgeon nauplii as food during the second temperature raising stage; (2) The juvenile longfin gudgeon were cultured for 30-40 days to obtain the juvenile longfin gudgeon; The second aquaculture includes: placing the juvenile longfin gudgeon in a second aquaculture pond and feeding them mannan oligosaccharides daily; the water in the second aquaculture pond meets the following conditions: the density of prey organisms in the water is 3-4 organisms / mL, the water temperature is 30-31℃, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water is <0.5 mg / L, and the nitrite concentration in the water is <0.1 mg / L; (3) The juvenile longfin gudgeon were cultured for 30-50 days to obtain fish of the release size; The third culture includes: placing the juvenile longfin gudgeon in a third culture tank and feeding them mannan oligosaccharides daily; the water in the third culture tank meets the following conditions: ultraviolet radiation ≥1000 mW·s / cm². 2 The water temperature is 28-30℃, and the water flow velocity is 0.05-0.3 m / s; Step (3) also includes: in the third breeding process, weak seedlings are culled every 10 days; The culling of weak fry includes: introducing juvenile snakehead fish into the third rearing pond and using a partition to separate the juvenile snakehead fish from juvenile longfin gudgeon; the partition includes a first partition and a second partition, the first partition having several holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm and a spacing of 0.5 cm between adjacent holes, and the second partition having several holes with a diameter of 7-9 mm and a spacing of 1 cm between adjacent holes; the first partition is closer to the juvenile longfin gudgeon than the second partition; By controlling the water flow velocity to 0.3 m / s and removing the first partition, the weak fry among the longfin gudgeon juveniles are preyed upon by the snakehead juveniles through the 7-9 mm diameter round hole, thus eliminating the weak fry.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the Artemia nauplii larvae are obtained by incubating Artemia eggs for 15-20 hours at a water temperature of 25-35℃, a salinity of 3%, and a light intensity of 3000-10000 lux.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the second aquaculture also includes: feeding a first feed daily, the first feed meeting the following conditions: crude protein content ≥50%, crude fat content ≥8%, crude fiber content ≤5%, crude ash content ≤18%, total phosphorus content ≥1.5%, lysine content ≥3%, moisture content ≤10%, and the particle size of the first feed being 0.32-0.42 mm; and / or, The total daily feeding amount of the mannan oligosaccharide and the first feed is 8-10% of the fish's body weight; and / or, The daily feeding mass ratio of the mannan oligosaccharide to the first feed is (0.2-0.3):

100.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the water in the second aquaculture pond is prepared through the following steps: Add feed to the water; once the feed has completely dissolved, add microalgae, Bacillus subtilis, and multivitamins to the water; wait 4-5 days to obtain fertilized water; The fertilizer water and river water are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:(15-25), and after waiting for 10-12 days, the water body of the second aquaculture pond is obtained.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The feed meets the following conditions: crude protein content ≥42%, crude fat content ≥10%, crude fiber content ≤8%, crude ash content ≤20%, total phosphorus content ≥2%, lysine content ≥3%, and moisture content ≤12%.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amount of microalgae added is 8000-12000 cells / mL; and / or, The amount of Bacillus added is 800-1200 g / m³. 3 ; and / or, The amount of the compound vitamins added is 400-800 g / m³. 3 .

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, By number, the microalgae consist of 70% Chlorella and 30% diatoms; and / or, By weight, the Bacillus species comprises 60 wt% Bacillus subtilis and 40 wt% Bacillus licheniformis; and / or, The multivitamin includes 10,000-20,000 IU / g of vitamin A, 3,000-5,000 IU / g of vitamin D, 100-200 mg / g of vitamin E, 5-20 mg / g of vitamin B1, 5-20 mg / g of vitamin B2, 5-10 mg / g of vitamin B6, 0.01-0.1 mg / g of vitamin B12, 300-500 mg / g of vitamin C, 5-10 mg / g of vitamin K, 5-10 mg / g of folic acid, 30-50 mg / g of pantothenic acid, 50-100 mg / g of nicotinamide, and 0.5-1 mg / g of biotin.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, In step (3), the third aquaculture also includes: feeding a second feed every day, the second feed meeting the following conditions: crude protein content ≥48%, crude fat content ≥10%, crude fiber content ≤5%, crude ash content ≤18%, total phosphorus content ≥2%, lysine content ≥3%, moisture content ≤12%, and the particle size of the second feed is 0.42-0.62 mm; The total daily feeding amount of the mannan oligosaccharide and the second feed is 4-6% of the fish's body weight; The daily feeding mass ratio of the mannan oligosaccharide and the second feed is (0.2-0.3):

100.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, In step (1), the stocking density of the longfin gudgeon fertilized eggs is 4500-6000 eggs / m². 3 ; and / or, In step (2), the second culture meets the following conditions: the initial culture density of the juvenile longfin gudgeon is 8000-10000 fish / m². 3 After 15-20 days, the stocking density of the juvenile longfin gudgeon is 4000-5000 fish / m². 3 ; and / or, In step (3), the third culture meets the following conditions: the culture density of the juvenile longfin gudgeon is 1000-3000 fish / m². 3 .

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