Superstructured surface device capable of programmable regulation of energy collimation propagation and regulation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of programmable regulation energy collimation propagation super-structure surface device and its regulation method, the super-structure surface device includes: super-structure surface material, including substrate layer and two-dimensional periodicity arrangement on substrate layer and can be rotated in situ respectively relative to substrate layer multiple functional units, each functional unit is configured to produce electromagnetic response when being stimulated, and electromagnetic response can change with the change of functional unit rotation angle;Multiple driving members are installed on substrate layer, and are respectively driven to be connected to multiple functional units;Control module includes control circuit and programmable, control circuit is electrically connected to each driving member, programmable is used to control control circuit to control all or part driving member, to realize the rotation angle of functional unit is overall or regional or individually dynamically regulated.The present application has programmable, continuous adjustable, reconfigurable as needed and the like characteristics, can realize any customized polariton collimation mode distribution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical material design, and in particular to a metasurface device for programmable control of energy collimation propagation and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] In two-dimensional van der Waals materials, a series of novel rotation-related physical phenomena can be achieved by controlling the interlayer twist angle. This discovery has not only promoted the rapid development of the field of rotation electronics, but also opened up new avenues for controlling material properties using rotation as a degree of freedom, thus expanding the scope of materials science research. For example, rotation optical structures with a Moiré configuration can support unique light-matter interactions. However, most existing research often involves relatively complex fabrication processes and difficult-to-tune structural limitations, which to some extent hinders their practical applications.

[0003] Hyperbolic polaritons are hybrid excited states generated by strong coupling between photons and quasiparticles, possessing many unique properties and have been extensively explored in various anisotropic materials with hyperbolic dispersion in recent years. Among them, hyperbolic metasurfaces are considered another platform for exploring richer rotation-related phenomena due to their compactness and tunability. Furthermore, the introduction of rotation can further utilize the anisotropy of hyperbolic metasurfaces to achieve diversified control of polaritons. However, related research still mainly focuses on structures that regulate interlayer rotation, neglecting the inherent ability of metasurfaces to precisely manipulate subwavelength units, which is difficult to achieve in two-dimensional materials.

[0004] Meanwhile, hyperbolic polaritons are often accompanied by dispersive topological phase transitions, meaning the material's dispersion curve undergoes a transition from a closed ellipse to an open hyperbola. In the critical region of the phase transition, polaritons exist in a near-diffraction-free collimated propagation mode, exhibiting extremely localized, highly collimated, and relatively low-loss characteristics, giving them unique advantages compared to other polariton modes. However, the manipulation of collimated polaritons has not yet been fully explored. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a metasurface device and its control method for programmable energy collimation propagation, which features programmability, continuous tunability, and on-demand reconfigurability, enabling arbitrary customization of polariton collimation mode distribution.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following scheme: a metasurface device for programmable control of energy collimation propagation, comprising:

[0007] A metasurface material includes a substrate layer and multiple functional units; wherein the multiple functional units are arranged in a two-dimensional periodic manner on the substrate layer and can be rotated in situ relative to the substrate layer, each of the functional units is configured to generate an electromagnetic response when excited by an excitation source, and the electromagnetic response can change with the rotation angle of the functional unit;

[0008] Multiple driving components are mounted on the base layer and are connected to the multiple functional units in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0009] The control module includes a control circuit and a programmable program. The control circuit is electrically connected to each of the drive components. The programmable program is used to control the control circuit to control all or part of the drive components, so as to realize the overall, regional or individual dynamic adjustment of the rotation angle of the functional unit.

[0010] A further improvement of the metasurface device of the present invention is that: the functional unit includes a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate layer and a metal layer fixed on the side of the dielectric layer facing away from the substrate layer; the driving member includes a motor, the motor is mounted on the side of the substrate layer facing away from the dielectric layer, and the output shaft of the motor rotatably passes through the substrate layer and is fixedly connected to the corresponding dielectric layer.

[0011] A further improvement of the metasurface device of the present invention is that the metal layer has a double-opening annular structure.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for controlling energy collimation propagation, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Provide the metasurface device as described above, and make the initial angles of all functional units in the metasurface material the same;

[0014] Provide an excitation source, place the excitation source on one side of the metasurface device, and set the excitation source to a specified operating frequency;

[0015] Based on the relationship between the change of the in-situ rotation angle of the functional unit and the collimated polariton deflection angle, the in-situ rotation angle is controlled with a single functional unit as the smallest scale, and the dispersion curve is used to predict that the controlled metasurface device has a polariton magnetic field distribution consistent with the energy collimation propagation target trajectory under the excitation of the excitation source.

[0016] A further improvement of the control method of the present invention is that, when controlling the in-situ rotation angle: the energy collimation propagation target trajectory is divided into different trajectory segments according to the propagation direction, the metasurface device is divided into regions starting from the excitation source, and each region corresponds to one trajectory segment, wherein each region includes multiple functional units;

[0017] Adjust the rotation angle of the functional units in the adjacent regions according to the deflection angle relationship between the adjacent trajectory segments.

[0018] A further improvement of the control method of the present invention is that: when adjusting the rotation angle of the functional units in the adjacent regions according to the deflection angle relationship between the adjacent trajectory segments, if the latter trajectory segment is the last trajectory segment of the energy collimation propagation target trajectory, then some functional units are selected from the multiple functional units at the end of the region corresponding to the latter trajectory segment in an alternate extraction manner and rotated at another angle, and the other angle differs from the rotation angle of other functional units in the corresponding region by 70° to 110°.

[0019] A further improvement of the control method of the present invention is that, when dividing the metasurface device into regions, the regions are first divided sequentially along the incident direction of the excitation source, and each region has the same width perpendicular to the incident direction. Then, the regions corresponding to at least two trajectory segments are further divided until each region corresponds to only one trajectory segment. When further dividing the regions corresponding to at least two trajectory segments, the number of functional units in the further divided regions is determined according to the energy strength of the corresponding trajectory segments. The principle is that the stronger the energy of the trajectory segment, the more functional units are corresponding to the region.

[0020] A further improvement of the control method of the present invention is that the certain operating frequency satisfies that the metasurface device is always in polariton collimation mode when the functional unit has different rotation angles.

[0021] This invention, through the configuration of driving components and control modules, enables the independent control of the in-situ torsion angle distribution of metasurface materials at the unit scale. It allows for the combination of regions with different in-situ torsion angles, achieving control functions for collimated polariton propagation paths, such as full-angle guidance, asymmetric power distribution, and continuous trajectory bending. This, in turn, enables arbitrarily customized polariton collimation mode distributions. Furthermore, the metasurface material of this invention is reconfigurable, allowing for program-controlled changes in the in-situ torsion angle of functional units, thus eliminating the need for cumbersome adjustment steps during function switching. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working state of the metasurface device of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the functional unit in the metasurface device of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Figure 3The dispersive topological properties of the polariton modes supported by the metasurface device of the present invention are shown.

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram comparing the theoretically calculated three-dimensional dispersion surface and the polariton magnetic field distribution of metasurface devices with different in-situ rotation angles is shown.

[0026] Figure 5 It shows the result of Figure 4 The k-space distribution map obtained by Fourier transform of the simulation and experimental results.

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram is shown illustrating how metasurface devices with different in-situ rotation angle distributions can deflect collimated polaritons at different angles.

[0028] Figure 7 The diagram shows the propagation patterns of polaritons in the deflected region under different combinations of in-situ rotation angles.

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram is shown illustrating how the metasurface device of the present invention enables the beam splitting of collimated polaritons at different ratios.

[0030] Figure 9 A schematic diagram is shown illustrating how the metasurface device of the present invention enables the continuous bending function of collimated polaritons.

[0031] Figure 10 The diagram shows the in-situ rotation angle distribution of the letter 'T' simulated by the metasurface device of the present invention, which modulates the propagation trajectory of collimated polaritons, and the corresponding polariton magnetic field distribution.

[0032] Figure 11 The diagram shows the in-situ rotation angle distribution of the letter 'J' simulated by the metasurface device of the present invention, which modulates the propagation trajectory of collimated polaritons, and the corresponding polariton magnetic field distribution. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To address the problem that existing polariton modulation devices cannot achieve precise control over the distribution of polariton collimation modes, this invention provides a programmable metasurface device and its control method for controlling energy collimation propagation. This device features programmability, continuous adjustability, and on-demand reconfigurability, enabling the realization of arbitrarily customized polariton collimation mode distributions. The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further illustrates this programmable metasurface device and its control method for controlling energy collimation propagation.

[0034] See Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a metasurface device for programmable control of collimated energy propagation includes a metasurface material 1, multiple driving elements 2, and a control module 3. The metasurface material 1 includes a substrate layer 11 and multiple functional units 12. The functional units 12 are arranged two-dimensionally and periodically on the substrate layer 11 and can rotate in situ relative to the substrate layer 11. Each functional unit 12 is configured to generate an electromagnetic response when excited by an excitation source 5, and this electromagnetic response can change with the rotation angle of the functional unit 12. The multiple driving elements 2 are mounted on the substrate layer 11 and are correspondingly driven and connected to the multiple functional units 12. The control module 3 includes a control circuit and a programmable module. The control circuit is electrically connected to each driving element 2, and the programmable module is used to control the control circuit to control all or part of the driving elements 2, thereby achieving overall, regional, or individual dynamic control of the rotation angle of the functional units 12.

[0035] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the functional unit 12 includes a dielectric layer 121 disposed on the substrate 11 and a metal layer 122 fixed to the side of the dielectric layer 121 facing away from the substrate 11. The metal layer 122 has a double-opening ring structure and can be a ring-shaped metal (such as a copper ring), with a small section symmetrically cut away at two opposite positions to form an equivalent capacitance. The metal is used to form an inductance. Through the formation of capacitance and inductance, the functional unit 12 can generate an electromagnetic response when excited by the excitation source 5, thereby forming polaritons. The metal layer is not limited to a copper ring with this structural form. The dielectric layer 121 is circular, and its diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the metal layer 122. The dielectric layer 121 is used to support and fix the metal layer 122. The area of ​​the substrate 11 corresponding to each functional unit 12 is square, and its side length is larger than the diameter of the dielectric layer 121. The driving component 2 includes a motor, preferably a stepper motor, mounted on the side of the base layer 11 facing away from the dielectric layer 121. The output shaft of the motor rotatably passes through the base layer 11 and is fixedly connected to the corresponding dielectric layer 121. The output shaft of the motor drives the dielectric layer 121 to rotate in place, thereby driving the metal layer 122 to rotate in place. The rotation angle and direction of the motor's output shaft are controlled and adjusted by a control circuit connected to it. This control circuit is programmable, and the programmable program can be written by the computer 4 according to the user's needs to achieve overall, regional, or individual control of the in-place rotation angle of the functional unit 12, and can be dynamically switched.

[0036] By setting up multiple drive components 2 and control modules 3, the metasurface material 1 can independently control the in-situ torsion angle distribution at the unit scale, and can combine regions with different in-situ torsion angles to achieve full-angle guidance, asymmetric power distribution, continuous trajectory bending and other control functions for collimated polariton propagation paths, thereby enabling arbitrarily customized polariton collimation mode distribution.

[0037] A method for controlling energy collimation propagation based on the metasurface device described above includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Provide the metasurface device as described above, and make the initial angles of all functional units in the metasurface material the same.

[0039] Step 2: Provide an excitation source, place the excitation source on one side of the metasurface device, and set the excitation source to a specified operating frequency.

[0040] Step 3: Based on the relationship between the change of the in-situ rotation angle of the functional unit and the collimated polariton deflection angle, the in-situ rotation angle is controlled with a single functional unit as the smallest scale, and the dispersion curve is used to predict so that the controlled metasurface device has a polariton magnetic field distribution consistent with the energy collimation propagation target trajectory under the excitation of the excitation source.

[0041] The principles of the above-mentioned control method will be explained in detail below using a specific metasurface device through simulation and specific experiments:

[0042] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working state of a metasurface device is shown. Figure 2A schematic diagram of the functional unit in a metasurface device is shown. The metasurface device includes a metal layer 122, a dielectric layer 121, a substrate layer 11, and a stepper motor (i.e., a driver 3) arranged sequentially. The metal layer 122 and the dielectric layer 121 constitute the basic functional unit 12. The metal layer 122 is made of a copper ring with a thickness of 0.035 mm, an outer diameter of 10 mm, and a width of 1 mm. Each side of the copper ring has an opening slit with a width of 1 mm. The dielectric layer 121 is made of F4B substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm, a dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.0079. The dielectric layer 121 is made into a circle with a diameter of 10.2 mm. Multiple functional units 12 are arranged in a two-dimensional periodic pattern on the substrate layer 11, with a period length of 11 mm. The metasurface device also includes a control module 3 that uses programmable control circuitry to partially or entirely adjust the in-situ rotation angle of the functional units 12. Under near-field excitation from the excitation source 5, the metasurface material 1 supports the generation of polaritons, and their propagation behavior is modulated by the dispersion characteristics determined by the in-situ rotation angle of each functional unit 12, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the metasurface material 1 with a functional unit 12 that rotates as a whole at a fixed angle can deflect collimated polaritons by a certain angle.

[0043] Furthermore, since the polariton modes supported by metasurface devices are related to the operating frequency and the in-situ rotation angle, the polariton dispersion characteristics corresponding to metasurface materials composed of two-dimensional periodic arrangements of units with a specific in-situ rotation angle can be obtained by calculating and analyzing the functional units using full-wave simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software based on the finite integration method. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The dispersive topological properties of polariton modes at different in-situ rotation angles within the operating frequency range of 6.4 GHz to 7.6 GHz are shown. As can be seen from the figure, on the one hand, the dispersive topology of the polariton modes changes with the operating frequency; on the other hand, it is noted that a polariton collimated mode always exists between the operating frequencies of 6.8 GHz and 7 GHz, and its existence does not disappear with changes in the in-situ rotation angle. Therefore, this operating frequency is used for subsequent modulation verification to better observe the distribution patterns of polaritons.

[0044] The relationship between the change in the in-situ rotation angle of the functional unit and the deflection angle of the collimated polariton.

[0045] Four metasurface materials, each composed of two-dimensionally arranged functional units with in-situ rotation angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, were selected. Their three-dimensional dispersion surfaces in the Brillouin zone were plotted. Then, their magnetic field distributions were simulated and experimentally measured at fixed operating frequencies (selected from 6.8 GHz to 7 GHz). The results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This diagram illustrates a comparison of the theoretically calculated three-dimensional dispersion surfaces, simulation results, and experimentally measured polariton magnetic field distributions for these four metasurface materials. As can be seen from the diagram, the supported collimated polaritons propagate along a specific angle almost entirely without diffraction; this deflection angle gradually increases with the change in the in-situ rotation angle. To ensure consistency between the theoretical, simulation, and experimental results, a Fourier transform was performed on the polariton magnetic field distributions obtained from the simulation and experiments. This transforms the field distribution in real space into a wave vector distribution in k-space, which is then compared with the theoretical calculations. The results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 It shows the result of Figure 4 The simulation and experimental results are shown in the Fourier transform obtained from the k-space distribution diagram, with the dashed line representing the theoretical calculation result. The diagram shows that, within a reasonable error range, the Fourier transform results and the theoretical calculation results agree well, indicating that the propagation of polaritons can be predicted well by the calculated dispersion. In summary, adjusting the in-situ rotation angle of the functional unit can control the propagation of aligned polaritons, and this propagation can be predicted using the dispersion curve.

[0046] When controlling the in-situ rotation angle: the collimated propagation target trajectory is divided into different trajectory segments according to the propagation direction. The metasurface device is divided into regions starting from the excitation source, with each region corresponding to one trajectory segment. Specifically, regions are first divided sequentially along the incident direction of the excitation source, ensuring each region has the same width perpendicular to that direction. Regions corresponding to at least two trajectory segments are then further divided until each region corresponds to only one trajectory segment, and each region includes multiple functional units. It should be noted that when further dividing regions corresponding to at least two trajectory segments, the number of functional units within each subdivided region is determined based on the energy intensity of the corresponding trajectory segment. The principle is: the stronger the energy of the trajectory segment, the more functional units are corresponding to it. The rotation angle of the functional units within adjacent regions is adjusted according to the deflection angle relationship between adjacent trajectory segments. Combinations of different regions and angles can play different control roles in collimated polariton propagation, thereby obtaining the desired collimated propagation target trajectory with arbitrary energy. The following analysis and verification will be conducted through several specific control methods.

[0047] 1. By combining two regions with different in-situ rotation angles, polaritons that are originally collimated can be deflected by a specific angle, such as... Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This diagram illustrates how metasurface devices with different in-situ rotation angle distributions can deflect collimated polaritons at different angles. The left image shows the in-situ rotation angle distribution, with a pentagram indicating the location of the excitation source; the middle image shows the simulated collimated polariton magnetic field distribution; and the right image shows a partial view of the experimental collimated polariton magnetic field distribution, corresponding to the area within the dashed box. As can be seen from the figures, for the case where all in-situ rotation angles are 0°, the polariton propagates horizontally and exhibits virtually no diffraction over a propagation distance of several wavelengths. For the combination of in-situ rotation angles of 0° and 60°, after passing the interface between the two regions, the polariton is deflected and continues to propagate at an inclined angle. When the in-situ rotation angle in the right region further increases to 90°, the polariton is almost completely deflected to the vertical direction. It is worth noting that because the 90° rotation angle restores the symmetry of the functional unit about the horizontal direction, the polariton can propagate simultaneously in both the upward and downward directions after deflection.

[0048] 2. Further analyze the directionality of polariton propagation after deflection, such as... Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The diagram shows the propagation patterns of polaritons in the deflected region under different combinations of in-situ rotation angles, with the angle in the left region fixed at 0°. As can be seen from the diagram, for different values ​​of the in-situ rotation angle in the right region of the combination, the deflected polaritons maintain good directionality. Furthermore, theoretically, a suitable combination of in-situ rotation angles can achieve arbitrary angular guidance of polaritons.

[0049] 3. Consider further subdividing the in-situ rotation angle distribution of the right-hand region. For example... Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This diagram illustrates how metasurface devices can split collimated polaritons into beams at different ratios. The left image shows the in-situ rotation angle distribution, with a pentagram indicating the location of the excitation source. The middle image shows the simulated collimated polariton magnetic field distribution. The right image shows a partial view of the experimental collimated polariton magnetic field distribution, corresponding to the area within the dashed box. As can be seen from the images, the right-hand region is set with opposite rotation angles, namely 45° and -45°. The originally collimated polaritons are distributed into two propagation channels with opposite directions at the interface. The deflected polaritons still maintain their directional and diffraction-free propagation characteristics. Furthermore, because the number of functional units corresponding to the two in-situ rotation angles is different, the ratio of polaritons in the two channels also differs slightly, resulting in different energy levels in the resulting trajectory segments.

[0050] 4. Consider dividing the in-situ rotation angle distribution of the right-side region in another way, that is, setting increasing in-situ rotation angles for the three parts with equal angle differences. For example... Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the manipulation of collimated polariton bending via metasurface devices is shown. The left image shows the in-situ rotation angle distribution, with the pentagram indicating the location of the excitation source; the middle image shows the simulated collimated polariton magnetic field distribution; and the right image shows a partial view of the experimental collimated polariton magnetic field distribution, corresponding to the area within the dashed box. As can be seen from the figures, the originally horizontally propagating polaritons become more tilted after passing through each interface, and the deflection angle in each region is determined by the corresponding dispersion. More precise control of the rotation angle can further smooth the bending behavior of the polaritons.

[0051] 5. To fully utilize the metasurface's ability to independently adjust each functional unit, the in-situ rotation angle of the functional units is now set in a more precise manner to achieve arbitrary control of the collimated polariton propagation trajectory. For simplicity, the vertical direction is set as the reference 0°.

[0052] like Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the in-situ rotation angle distribution of the collimated polariton propagation trajectory, simulating the letter 'T', and the corresponding polariton magnetic field distribution. The pentagram represents the location of the excitation source. First, the functional units in a certain region above the excitation source are set to an in-situ rotation angle of 0°, supporting polariton collimation mode. Then, the functional units in the uppermost region are set to an in-situ rotation angle of 90°, with an additional functional unit set to 0°. This allows the polaritons to propagate more efficiently to the deflection region and be deflected to the left and right sides. Finally, a section of functional units in the region below the excitation source is set with alternating in-situ rotation angles of 0° and 90°. The large angle difference (90°) between the two in-situ rotation angles effectively suppresses the downward propagation of polaritons due to the high contrast of their dispersion. An angle difference of 70° to 110° can achieve this effect. After these operations, the propagation trajectory of the collimated polaritons in the magnetic field distribution diagram is controlled to resemble the letter 'T'.

[0053] In addition, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11This diagram illustrates the in-situ rotation angle distribution of the letter 'J' simulating the propagation trajectory of collimated polaritons in a metasurface device, along with the corresponding polariton magnetic field distribution. The pentagram represents the location of the excitation source. First, the functional units in the region near the excitation source are set to an in-situ rotation angle of 0°, supporting the polariton collimation mode. Then, the lower region is divided into two parallel partitions, and the functional units in these partitions are set to in-situ rotation angles increasing by 10° and decreasing by -10°, respectively, allowing the polaritons to be continuously and smoothly bent 180 degrees. Finally, the functional units in the lowest region and at the end of the bend are set to alternating in-situ rotation angles of 0° and 90°. The former suppresses unnecessary scattering during bending, while the latter cuts off the upward propagation of the polaritons. After these operations, the propagation trajectory of the collimated polaritons in the magnetic field distribution diagram is controlled to resemble the letter 'J'.

[0054] From the above-mentioned 'T' and 'J' letter-shaped controls, it can be found that when the original propagation trajectory needs to be truncated (usually the last segment of the target trajectory corresponding to the collimated energy propagation), some functional units 12 can be selected from multiple functional units 12 at the end of the corresponding region in an alternating manner and rotated with high contrast angles. That is, the angle difference between the two in-situ rotation angles is 70° to 110°. The mismatch caused by the high contrast of its dispersion can effectively suppress the downward propagation of polaritons.

[0055] Verification of the above-described control methods shows that the metasurface device of this invention can achieve in-plane directional propagation, beam splitting, and bending functions by setting different in-situ rotation angles for functional units in different regions, thereby supporting polaritons of different propagation types. The metasurface device of this invention can also utilize other polariton modes to achieve more unique control functions, and can be extended to the control of polaritons in other frequency bands by changing the geometric dimensions. This invention, by independently controlling the in-situ rotation angle of each unit in a complex manner, can generate collimated polariton propagation trajectories with specific patterns, and the specific control method is mainly determined by the dispersion characteristics related to the rotation angle. This not only combines emerging corner electronics and optical metasurface control, providing a new approach to dynamically control polaritons at the subwavelength scale, but also holds promise for applications in adaptive photonic circuits, quantum information technology, and subwavelength imaging. Furthermore, it can be extended to mechanical systems, acoustic systems, and thermal systems.

[0056] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the present invention based on the above description. Therefore, certain details in the embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention shall be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A metasurface device for programmable control of energy collimation propagation, characterized in that, include: A metasurface material includes a substrate layer and multiple functional units; wherein the multiple functional units are arranged in a two-dimensional periodic manner on the substrate layer and can be rotated in situ relative to the substrate layer, each functional unit is configured to generate an electromagnetic response when excited by an excitation source, and the electromagnetic response can change with the rotation angle of the functional unit; each functional unit includes a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate layer and a metal layer fixed on the side of the dielectric layer facing away from the substrate layer, the metal layer having a double-opening annular structure; Multiple driving components are mounted on the base layer and are connected to the multiple functional units in a one-to-one correspondence. The control module includes a control circuit and a programmable program. The control circuit is electrically connected to each of the driving components. The programmable program is used to control the control circuit to control all or some of the driving components, so as to achieve dynamic adjustment of the rotation angle of the functional unit as a whole, regionally, or individually. The metasurface device is configured to operate in polariton collimation mode, and the change of the in-situ rotation angle of the functional unit is used to control the propagation deflection angle of the collimated polariton to achieve customization of the energy collimation propagation target trajectory.

2. The metasurface device with programmable energy collimation propagation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drive unit includes a motor mounted on the substrate layer on the side facing away from the dielectric layer, and the output shaft of the motor rotatably passes through the substrate layer and is fixedly connected to the corresponding dielectric layer.

3. A method for controlling energy collimation propagation, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Provide a metasurface device as described in claim 1, and make the initial angles of all functional units in the metasurface material the same; An excitation source is provided and placed on one side of the metasurface device. The excitation source is set to a specified operating frequency, which satisfies that the metasurface device is always in polariton collimation mode when the functional unit has different rotation angles. Based on the relationship between the change of the in-situ rotation angle of the functional unit and the deflection angle of the collimated polariton, the propagation direction of the collimated polariton under different in-situ rotation angles is predicted by means of the dispersion curve. The in-situ rotation angle is controlled with a single functional unit as the smallest scale, so that the controlled metasurface device has a polariton magnetic field distribution consistent with the energy collimated propagation target trajectory under the excitation of the excitation source.

4. The energy collimation propagation control method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, When adjusting the in-situ rotation angle: the energy collimation propagation target trajectory is divided into different trajectory segments according to the propagation direction. The metasurface device is divided into regions starting from the excitation source, and each region corresponds to one trajectory segment. Each region includes multiple functional units. Adjust the rotation angle of the functional units in the adjacent regions according to the deflection angle relationship between the adjacent trajectory segments.

5. The energy collimation propagation control method as described in claim 4, characterized in that: When adjusting the rotation angle of functional units in adjacent regions according to the deflection angle relationship between adjacent trajectory segments, if the next trajectory segment is the last trajectory segment of the energy collimation propagation target trajectory, then some functional units are selected from the multiple functional units at the end of the region corresponding to the next trajectory segment in an alternate extraction manner and rotated at another angle, and the other angle differs from the rotation angle of other functional units in the corresponding region by 70°~110°.

6. The energy collimation propagation control method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When dividing the metasurface device into regions, the regions are first divided sequentially along the incident direction of the excitation source, and each region has the same width perpendicular to the incident direction. Then, regions corresponding to at least two trajectory segments are further divided until each region corresponds to only one trajectory segment. When further dividing regions corresponding to at least two trajectory segments, the number of functional units in the further divided regions is determined according to the energy intensity of the corresponding trajectory segments. The principle is that the stronger the energy of the trajectory segment, the more functional units are corresponding to the region.

Images