Sweet potato growth control, pest prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method

Abstract

The present application belongs to sweet potato planting technical field, and specifically relates to a kind of sweet potato controls and prevents and prevents insect and increases yield multi-effect integrated planting method, comprising the following steps: S1, preparation controls and prevents and prevents insect and increases yield agent;S2, on the ridge in field is formed by digging pit and is planted in pit, and sweet potato seedling is sowed in planting pit with controls and prevents and prevents insect and increases yield agent, then fills soil, and presses;Wherein, controls and prevents and prevents insect and increases yield agent by mass fraction, including the following components: corn 180-220 parts, sesame 15-25 parts, soybean 15-25 parts, castor bean 50-100 parts, compound bacillus agent 3-8 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.3 parts, potassium phosphite 0.05-0.12 parts, calcium cyclamate 0.01-0.03 parts.The present application is sowed with sweet potato seedling by using controls and prevents and prevents insect and increases yield agent, realizes the control of sweet potato, increase, prevent insect integration by using the mutual cooperation between each component in controls and prevents and prevents insect and increases yield agent formula, and controls and prevents and prevents insect and increases yield agent does not have any pesticide residue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sweet potato planting technology, specifically relating to a multi-effect integrated planting method for controlling excessive growth, preventing pests, and increasing yield in sweet potatoes. Background Technology

[0002] Sweet potatoes are root vegetables; they produce tubers underground and grow vines above ground. These two processes complement and influence each other. Balancing the vegetative growth of the above-ground parts with the expansion of the underground tubers is crucial for sweet potato production. Excessive vegetative growth is a very common phenomenon in sweet potatoes. Only by controlling this excessive growth in the later stages can the sweet potato transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, thus eliminating the negative impact of excessive vegetative growth on yield and quality.

[0003] Currently, common methods for controlling excessive growth in sweet potatoes can be broadly categorized as follows: First, manual vine turning involves turning over the excessively growing vines to affect their photosynthesis and thus control growth. This method is labor-intensive and impractical for large-scale growers. Second, controlling soil moisture involves withholding water when the sweet potatoes are growing excessively, allowing them to suffer from drought and thus controlling growth. This method can significantly impact sweet potato yield, and it is also difficult to control water during the rainy summer months. Third, chemical control involves using chemical agents such as paclobutrazol and uniconazole to inhibit vine growth. This is the method currently used by sweet potato growers. While this method is effective in controlling excessive growth, the long residual periods of these chemicals, especially paclobutrazol which can remain in the soil for more than two years, can severely impact subsequent crops, sometimes leading to complete crop failure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-effect integrated planting method for sweet potatoes that controls excessive growth, prevents pests, and increases yield. By planting growth regulators and sweet potato seedlings together, the method utilizes the synergistic effect between the various components in the growth regulator formula to achieve integrated growth control, yield increase, and pest prevention of sweet potatoes, and the growth regulators leave no pesticide residues.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] A multi-functional integrated planting method for sweet potatoes that controls excessive growth, prevents pests, and increases yield includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Preparation of growth regulators and yield enhancers;

[0008] S2. Dig pits on the ridges in the field to form planting pits, sow sweet potato seedlings and growth regulators together in the planting pits, then fill the pits with soil and compact the soil.

[0009] The growth regulator and yield enhancer comprises the following components by weight: 180-220 parts corn, 15-25 parts sesame, 15-25 parts soybean, 50-100 parts castor seeds, 3-8 parts compound Bacillus subtilis agent, 0.1-0.3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.12 parts potassium phosphite, and 0.01-0.03 parts calcium cyclamate.

[0010] The preparation method of the growth regulator and yield enhancer includes the following steps:

[0011] A1. Soak corn in an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfite for 24-48 hours. Remove the soaked corn and crush it to obtain corn flour.

[0012] A2. Add sesame seeds, soybeans, and castor seeds to the corn flour, mix well, and continue to grind to obtain the main powder.

[0013] A3. Take 70%-80% of the total mass of the main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium cyclamate. Mix evenly to obtain the core layer powder. Granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles.

[0014] A4. Add the compound Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder and mix evenly to obtain shell powder. Adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core particles to form a shell, thus obtaining a granular growth regulator and yield enhancer.

[0015] Furthermore, the concentration of sodium sulfite in the aqueous solution described in step A1 is 0.2%-0.3%.

[0016] Furthermore, the main powder mentioned in step A2 needs to be pulverized until the sesame seeds release oil, and the main powder has a sticky consistency.

[0017] Furthermore, the particle size of the core layer particles is 2-4 mm, and the thickness of the growth regulator is 0.2-0.4 mm.

[0018] The application rate of the growth regulator and yield enhancer is 800-1200 kg / mu.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] 1. The growth regulator and synergist in this invention uses potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, and calcium cyclamate. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium phosphite are essential phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for sweet potatoes. After application, they promote root growth, tuber enlargement, and increase sugar accumulation in sweet potatoes, thus accelerating reproductive growth and inhibiting vegetative growth, achieving both increased yield and growth control. Calcium cyclamate inhibits the synthesis of gibberellic acid (GA1) in plants. The combined use of these three substances controls excessive vine growth, improves sweet potato yield and quality, and leaves no pesticide residue, making it an ideal growth regulator formula.

[0021] 2. The growth regulator and synergist in this invention also incorporates corn, sesame, soybean, castor bean seeds, and a compound Bacillus agent, ensuring a complete range of nutrients. The raw materials used are themselves high-quality sources of plant protein, rich in amino acids and various trace elements, providing abundant nutrients for plant production and helping crops to receive a balanced and appropriate supply of necessary nutrients.

[0022] Furthermore, the castor seed cake in this formula contains ricin, which has a good control effect on underground pests in the soil. Because it is a plant protein, it is absorbed by plants after decomposition in the soil without any residue. It provides nutrition to plants and effectively controls pests at the same time.

[0023] 3. This invention employs a growth regulator and synergist for sweet potato cultivation, achieving integrated growth control, yield increase, and pest control. The growth regulator and synergist in this invention has a core-shell granular structure. The outer organic fertilizer component encapsulates the inner growth regulator component. In the early stages of sweet potato seedling growth, the organic fertilizer component in the outer shell of the synergist takes effect, promoting seedling growth. As the sweet potato continues to grow, the outer shell is gradually consumed. When the sweet potato reaches approximately the first swelling stage, the core of the synergist is exposed and takes effect. Because the core contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, and calcium cyclamate, it can inhibit excessive vine growth.

[0024] The growth regulator and synergist of this invention can be directly planted together with sweet potato seedlings. During subsequent management, there is no need to perform growth regulation operations on the sweet potato seedlings regularly, which reduces the workload of farmers. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. I. Specific Implementation Methods

[0027] This invention provides a multi-effect integrated planting method for sweet potatoes, including the following steps:

[0028] S1. Preparation of growth regulators and yield enhancers;

[0029] S2. Dig pits on the ridges in the field to form planting pits, sow sweet potato seedlings and growth regulators together in the planting pits, then fill the pits with soil and compact the soil.

[0030] The growth regulator and yield enhancer comprises the following components by weight: 180-220 parts corn, 15-25 parts sesame, 15-25 parts soybean, 50-100 parts castor seeds, 3-8 parts compound Bacillus subtilis agent, 0.1-0.3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.12 parts potassium phosphite, and 0.01-0.03 parts calcium cyclamate.

[0031] In addition to directly acting on the sweet potato itself to control excessive growth, enhance efficiency, and prevent pests, the growth regulator and yield enhancer in this invention also increases soil temperature. After being applied to the soil, the growth regulator and yield enhancer prepared in this formula will ferment, raising the soil temperature by 1-2°C during this process, providing conditions for rapid crop growth and thus increasing crop yield. Simultaneously, it also improves soil fertility. The raw materials in this formula are rich in organic matter, which can greatly increase the organic matter content in the soil. The added compound Bacillus agent in the formula can increase the number of microbial communities in the soil, activate the soil, and improve fertilizer utilization.

[0032] In addition, the growth-regulating component in this invention can act directly on the roots of sweet potatoes, making the sweet potatoes better able to absorb the growth-regulating component.

[0033] The preparation method of the growth regulator and yield enhancer includes the following steps:

[0034] A1. Soak corn in an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfite for 24-48 hours. Remove the soaked corn and crush it to obtain corn flour.

[0035] A2. Add sesame seeds, soybeans, and castor seeds to the corn flour, mix well, and continue to grind to obtain the main powder.

[0036] A3. Take 70%-80% of the total mass of the main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium cyclamate. Mix evenly to obtain the core layer powder. Granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles.

[0037] A4. Add the compound Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder and mix evenly to obtain shell powder. Adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core particles to form a shell, thus obtaining a granular growth regulator and yield enhancer.

[0038] Firstly, corn contains a large amount of starch. Soaking the corn in an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite promotes the precipitation of starch during the subsequent crushing process. Starch is used as one of the binders in the growth regulator and synergist. Secondly, sesame seeds contain a large amount of oil. Crushing the sesame seeds can extract the oil, which also acts as a binder, further increasing the viscosity of the main powder and ensuring that the main powder can be granulated. The entire granulation process does not require the addition of additional chemical binders, thus avoiding damage to the soil environment.

[0039] In this invention, the shell not only prevents the growth-regulating components (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, and calcium cyclamate) in the core layer from exerting their effects, but also acts as a protective film for the growth-regulating components. Since calcium cyclamate has a very short half-life, which does not exceed 24 hours in soil rich in microorganisms, the shell protects against microbial invasion of the core layer, preventing calcium cyclamate from becoming ineffective. At the same time, compared to directly spraying calcium cyclamate onto sweet potatoes, the granular core layer allows the calcium cyclamate contained within to be consumed layer by layer and exert its effect, thus playing a slow-release role and enabling calcium cyclamate to continue to work.

[0040] Furthermore, the concentration of sodium sulfite in the aqueous solution described in step A1 is 0.2%-0.3%.

[0041] Furthermore, the main powder in step A2 needs to be pulverized until the sesame seeds release oil, and the main powder has stickiness. As it is continuously pulverized and stirred, the starch in the corn and the oil in the sesame seeds will continuously be released. The starch and oil will have a large stickiness after mixing, thus forming an adhesive.

[0042] Furthermore, the particle size of the core layer particles is 2-4 mm, and the thickness of the growth regulator and yield enhancer is 0.2-0.4 mm. The outer shell of the growth regulator and yield enhancer should not be too thick. On the one hand, this avoids the growth regulator and yield enhancer being consumed too slowly, resulting in the growth regulator components in the core not being exposed before the sweet potato enters the expansion stage. On the other hand, a thinner outer shell will increase the core particle size, and a larger core particle size will have a certain dilution effect on the growth regulator components, avoiding excessively high concentrations of the growth regulator components and preventing damage to the sweet potato.

[0043] II. Performance Testing

[0044] Preparation of growth regulators and yield enhancers

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A0. Weigh out 200 catties of corn, 20 catties of sesame seeds, 20 catties of soybeans, 80 catties of castor seeds, 5 catties of compound Bacillus subtilis agent, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of potassium phosphite, and 0.02 catties of calcium cyclamate.

[0047] A1. Soak corn in a sufficient aqueous solution containing 0.2% sodium sulfite for 36 hours. Remove the soaked corn and crush it to obtain corn flour.

[0048] A2. Add sesame seeds, soybeans, and castor seeds to the corn flour, mix well, and continue grinding until the flour becomes sticky, thus obtaining the main powder.

[0049] A3. Take 245 catties of main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium cyclamate. Mix evenly to obtain core layer powder. Granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles with a particle size of 3 mm.

[0050] A4. Add the compound Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder and mix evenly to obtain shell powder. Adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core particles to form a shell with a thickness of 0.3 mm, thus obtaining a granular growth regulator and yield enhancer.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A0. Weigh out 180 catties of corn, 15 catties of sesame seeds, 15 catties of soybeans, 50 catties of castor seeds, 3 catties of compound Bacillus subtilis agent, 0.1 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 catties of potassium phosphite, and 0.01 catties of calcium cyclamate.

[0053] A1. Soak corn in a sufficient aqueous solution containing 0.3% sodium sulfite for 24 hours. Remove the soaked corn and crush it to obtain corn flour.

[0054] A2. Add sesame seeds, soybeans, and castor seeds to the corn flour, mix well, and continue grinding until the flour becomes sticky, thus obtaining the main powder.

[0055] A3. Take 210 catties of main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium cyclohexane. Mix evenly to obtain core layer powder. Granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles with a particle size of 3 mm.

[0056] A4. Add the compound Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder and mix evenly to obtain shell powder. Adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core particles to form a shell with a thickness of 0.3 mm, thus obtaining a granular growth regulator and yield enhancer.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A0. Weigh out 220 catties of corn, 25 catties of sesame seeds, 25 catties of soybeans, 100 catties of castor seeds, 8 catties of compound Bacillus subtilis agent, 0.3 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.12 catties of potassium phosphite, and 0.03 catties of calcium cyclamate.

[0059] A1. Soak corn in a sufficient aqueous solution containing 0.2% sodium sulfite for 48 hours. Remove the soaked corn and crush it to obtain corn flour.

[0060] A2. Add sesame seeds, soybeans, and castor seeds to the corn flour, mix well, and continue grinding until the flour becomes sticky, thus obtaining the main powder.

[0061] A3. Take 265 catties of main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium cyclamate. Mix evenly to obtain core layer powder. Granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles with a particle size of 3 mm.

[0062] A4. Add the compound Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder and mix evenly to obtain shell powder. Adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core particles to form a shell with a thickness of 0.3 mm, thus obtaining a granular growth regulator and yield enhancer.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 lies in the preparation method of the growth regulator and yield enhancer. The specific steps are as follows:

[0065] A0. Weigh out 200 catties of corn, 20 catties of sesame seeds, 20 catties of soybeans, 80 catties of castor seeds, 5 catties of compound Bacillus subtilis agent, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of potassium phosphite, and 0.02 catties of calcium cyclamate.

[0066] A1. Mix corn, sesame seeds, soybeans, castor seeds, compound Bacillus agent, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, and calcium cyclamate evenly and then crush them. Then, use a granulator to granulate them to obtain the growth regulator and yield increaser, wherein the particle size of the growth regulator and yield increaser is 3mm.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the growth regulator and yield enhancer of Comparative Example 1 does not contain potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, and calcium cyclamate. The specific components of the growth regulator and yield enhancer of Comparative Example 1 are as follows.

[0069] A0. Weigh out 200 jin of corn, 20 jin of sesame seeds, 20 jin of soybeans, 80 jin of castor seeds, and 5 jin of compound Bacillus agent.

[0070] Sweet potatoes were planted using the growth regulators and yield enhancers prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1, respectively, at a dosage of 1000 kg / mu. Field management parameters were kept identical during the planting period. Sweet potato yields were recorded after maturity. Comparative Example 2 was also set up as a blank control group; no fertilizer was applied during the sweet potato planting period. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1

[0072] Sweet potato yield (kg / mu) 3520 3314 3876 2812 2068 1030

[0073] As can be seen from Table 1, when sweet potatoes are planted using the method of this invention, the yield is over 2800 kg / mu, with the highest yield reaching 3876 kg / mu.

[0074] The slightly lower yield in Example 4 compared to Examples 1-3 was due to the absence of a core-shell granular structure in the growth regulator. Growth regulators such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate took effect early in the sweet potato's growth, failing to function properly during the optimal growth period, thus impacting yield. In Comparative Example 1, no growth regulator was applied, severely affecting yield.

Claims

1. A multi-functional integrated planting method for sweet potatoes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of growth regulators and yield enhancers; S2. Dig pits on the ridges in the field to form planting pits, plant sweet potato seedlings and growth regulators together in the planting pits, then fill in the soil and compact it. The growth regulator and yield-increasing agent comprises, by weight, the following components: 180-220 parts corn, 15-25 parts sesame, 15-25 parts soybean, 50-100 parts castor seeds, 3-8 parts compound Bacillus subtilis agent, 0.1-0.3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.12 parts potassium phosphite, and 0.01-0.03 parts calcium cyclamate. The preparation method of the growth regulator and yield enhancer includes the following steps: A1. Soak corn in an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfite for 24-48 hours. Remove the soaked corn and crush it to obtain corn flour. A2. Add sesame seeds, soybeans, and castor seeds to the corn flour, mix well, and continue grinding to obtain the main powder. A3. Take 70%-80% of the total mass of the main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium cyclamate. Mix evenly to obtain the core layer powder. Granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles. A4. Add the compound Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder and mix evenly to obtain shell powder. Adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core particles to form a shell, thus obtaining a granular growth regulator and yield enhancer.

2. The method for integrated cultivation of sweet potatoes with multiple benefits including growth control, pest prevention, and yield increase, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The concentration of sodium sulfite in the aqueous solution described in step A1 is 0.2%-0.3%.

3. The method for multi-effect integrated planting of sweet potatoes with growth control, pest prevention, and yield increase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main powder mentioned in step A2 needs to be pulverized until the sesame seeds release oil, and the main powder has stickiness.

4. The method for integrated cultivation of sweet potatoes with multiple benefits including growth control, pest prevention, and yield increase, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The application rate of the growth regulator and yield enhancer is 800-1200 kg / mu.