A light weight fire fighting shield and a method of making the same

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of fireproof materials, and discloses a light fireproof shield and a preparation method thereof. The shield comprises a shield body, wherein the shield body comprises a bottom layer, a temperature control assembly arranged on the bottom layer, and a high-infrared-emissivity layer arranged on the temperature control assembly; the temperature control assembly comprises rigid insulation tiles, a SiO2 aerogel heat insulation layer, a high-latent-heat water gel heat absorption layer, and a metal layer arranged between the rigid insulation tiles and the SiO2 aerogel heat insulation layer; the high-infrared-emissivity layer is connected with the rigid insulation tiles / SiO2 aerogel heat insulation layer; and the bottom layer is connected with the high-latent-heat water gel heat absorption layer. The fireproof shield is light in weight, high in strength, can reflect a heat radiation source, can significantly reduce the influence of the heat radiation source on the metal layer, can continuously absorb heat and reduce the temperature of hot air on the inner side of the shield, and can improve the comfort during use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fireproof materials technology, and in particular to a lightweight fireproof shield and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] A fire shield is a fireproof device that can block radiation and flame contact in a fire. Existing fire shields are mainly made of high-impact metal sheets, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminates, and PC boards. However, metal sheets have high thermal conductivity, which can easily cause burns after prolonged use. High molecular weight materials and PC boards have poor high-temperature resistance, thus limiting the fireproof performance of fire shields. In addition, existing fire shields are also heavy and have poor ease of use.

[0003] To address the issues of poor fire resistance and heavy weight of fire shields, existing technology CN202120869417 discloses a lightweight fire shield with an aluminum honeycomb structure. This solution significantly reduces the weight of the fire shield by using lightweight honeycomb aluminum material. However, aluminum has high thermal conductivity, which can easily lead to high temperatures during prolonged use. Furthermore, existing technology CN117986802A discloses a phenolic resin, a fire shield, and a preparation method. This solution uses carbon fiber, phenolic resin, and a foaming agent to create a shield with a density of 0.2–0.9 g / cm³. 3 Fireproof shields made from fireproof materials with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.05 W / mK combine the properties of low mass and low thermal conductivity.

[0004] Currently, existing fire shields mainly serve to block fire radiation, prevent direct contact with flames, and protect against impacts. However, the applicant discovered that hot air in the fire can continuously come into contact with personnel from areas not protected by the shield. Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a fire shield that can cool the air around the fire shield. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problem in existing technologies where hot air in a fire continuously comes into contact with personnel from areas not protected by the shield, this invention provides a lightweight fireproof shield and its manufacturing method. The shield consists of a bottom layer, a temperature control component, and a high infrared emissivity layer. The temperature control component comprises a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, a metal layer, and a high latent heat hydrogel heat-absorbing layer. This fireproof shield is lightweight, high-strength, and can reflect heat radiation sources, significantly reducing the impact of heat radiation sources on the metal layer. It can also continuously absorb and cool the hot air inside the shield, improving user comfort.

[0006] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: A lightweight fire shield includes a shield body, which comprises a bottom layer, a temperature control component disposed on the bottom layer, and a high infrared emissivity layer disposed on the temperature control component. The temperature control component comprises a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, a high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer, and a metal layer sandwiched between the rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer and the high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer. The high infrared emissivity layer is connected to the rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, and the bottom layer is connected to the high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer.

[0007] This invention provides a lightweight fireproof shield, which consists of a bottom layer, a temperature control component, and a high infrared emissivity layer. The fireproof shield is lightweight and high-strength, can reflect heat radiation sources, can significantly reduce the impact of heat radiation sources on the metal layer, and can continuously absorb and cool the hot air inside the shield, improving the comfort of use.

[0008] The temperature control component of this invention consists of a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, a metal layer, and a high latent heat hydrogel heat-absorbing layer. The rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer has extremely low thermal conductivity, high-temperature shape stability, and thermal shock resistance in the temperature range from room temperature to 1200°C. It can further block the heat radiation flow that penetrates the high infrared emissivity layer and further reduce the impact of radiative heat flow on the metal layer. In addition, the rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer is lightweight, high-strength, and has high impact resistance, which reduces the weight of the shield while increasing its strength.

[0009] In addition, the high latent heat of the hot water gel has an equivalent latent heat of vaporization of ≥1400kJ / kg. Its latent heat effect continuously absorbs heat from its surroundings, which can reduce the temperature of the metal layer connected to it. It can also continuously absorb heat from the hot air inside the shield, reducing the impact of hot air on the inside of the shield and improving the comfort of using the shield.

[0010] Preferably, the high-latency hot water gel heat-absorbing layer includes a phase change temperature control material core and an encapsulation film disposed on the surface of the high-latency hot water gel phase change temperature control material core.

[0011] Preferably, the encapsulation film is an aluminum-plastic film or a PET film.

[0012] Preferably, the high-potential-temperature hot water gel heat-absorbing layer is connected to a safety valve.

[0013] The high-potential hot water gel heat-absorbing layer of the present invention is also connected to a safety valve. When the water vapor pressure of the high-potential hot water gel heat-absorbing layer reaches 10 kPa, the safety valve will detonate and release water vapor. At this time, it can remind the operator that the temperature inside the shield will reach the human limit within 5 minutes, and remind the operator to evacuate as soon as possible.

[0014] Preferably, the safety valve is a high-temperature resistant ceramic safety valve.

[0015] Preferably, the material of the bottom layer is an aramid / epoxy resin composite material.

[0016] The bottom layer of this invention is made of aramid / epoxy resin composite material, which has the characteristics of high strength.

[0017] Preferably, the material of the high infrared emissivity layer is C. f / C composite materials and silicon carbide.

[0018] The high infrared emissivity layer of this invention uses C f Made of C composite material and silicon carbide, this high infrared emissivity layer has an infrared thermal radiation emissivity ≥0.9, which can re-emit most of the infrared thermal radiation in the flame back into the background space, significantly reducing the impact of infrared thermal radiation on the metal layer and reducing the heating rate of the metal layer. In addition, the high infrared reflectivity layer itself also has extremely high impact resistance, and as the outermost layer of the fire shield, it can also provide high impact resistance.

[0019] Preferably, the material of the metal layer is an infrared-emitting metal.

[0020] The metal layer of the present invention is made of infrared reflective metal, which has low infrared radiation absorption rate and low heating rate. In addition, the metal layer can further enhance the shield strength.

[0021] Preferably, the bottom layer is also provided with a handle.

[0022] A method for preparing the aforementioned lightweight fire-resistant shield includes the following steps: preparing C by pyrolysis of carbon fiber fabric and phenolic resin. f / C composite material substrate, then silicon carbide is deposited on C f A high infrared emissivity layer is made on a C composite material substrate; an aramid / epoxy resin composite material is used to make the bottom layer; a rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, a metal layer and a high latent water heat gel heat absorption layer are assembled into a temperature control component; then the high infrared emissivity layer is assembled onto the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, and finally the bottom layer is assembled onto the high latent water heat gel heat absorption layer to make a lightweight fire protection shield.

[0023] The rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material heat insulation layer is made according to the method disclosed in Chinese Invention Patent Publication No. CN11885178A; The high-potential hot water gel heat-absorbing layer was manufactured according to the method disclosed in Chinese Invention Patent Publication No. CN117165268A; Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the phenolic resin is 1:3 to 7; Preferably, the thickness of the high infrared emissivity layer is 2–5 mm; Preferably, the silicon carbide deposition thickness is 3-5 nm; Compared with the prior art, this application has the following technical effects: This invention provides a lightweight fire shield and its manufacturing method. The shield consists of a bottom layer, a temperature control component, and a high infrared emissivity layer. The temperature control component consists of a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, a metal layer, and a high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer. This fire shield is lightweight and high-strength, can reflect heat radiation sources, can significantly reduce the impact of heat radiation sources on the metal layer, and can continuously absorb and cool the hot air inside the shield, improving the comfort of use. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the lightweight fire-fighting shields in Embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-potential-temperature hot water gel heat-absorbing layer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-potential-temperature hot water gel heat-absorbing layer in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0027] The figure shows the shield body 1, bottom layer 101, temperature control component 102, rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer 121, high latent heat water gel heat absorption layer 122, phase change temperature control material core material 1221, encapsulation film 1222, safety valve 1223, metal layer 123, high infrared emissivity layer 103, and handle 2. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0029] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, a lightweight fire shield includes a shield body 1 and a handle 2. The shield body consists of a bottom layer 101, a temperature control component 102 disposed on the bottom layer, and a high infrared emissivity layer 103 disposed on the temperature control component. The temperature control component comprises a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer 121, a high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer 122, and a metal layer 123 sandwiched between the rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer and the high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer. 2f Screws and nuts made of SiO2 ceramic matrix composite material connect the high infrared emissivity layer and the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer. Screws and nuts made of metal material connect the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, the metal layer, the high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer and the bottom layer in sequence. The metal layer is a thin metal plate infrared reflector.

[0030] The high infrared emissivity layer is 2mm thick, the rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer is 10mm thick, the metal layer is 2mm thick, the high latent heat hydrogel heat-absorbing layer is 10mm thick, and the bottom layer is 2mm thick. Figure 2 As shown, the high-potential hot water gel heat absorption layer includes a phase change temperature control material core 1221 and an encapsulation film 1222 disposed on both sides of the phase change temperature control material core. The encapsulation film is an aluminum-plastic film.

[0031] A method for preparing the above-mentioned lightweight fire-fighting shield includes the following steps: Preparation of a high infrared emissivity layer: A carbon fiber fabric woven body was immersed in acetone, then air-dried for 2 hours, and finally dried at 120℃ for 5 hours to prepare a pretreated carbon fiber fabric. Boron phenolic resin was added to ethanol and stirred until homogeneous to obtain a phenolic resin solution (phenolic resin content 12%). The pretreated carbon fiber fabric was then immersed in the phenolic resin solution for 1 hour, vacuumed to -0.09 MPa, and subjected to assisted vibration at a frequency of 4000 rad / min to prepare an impregnated composite. The impregnated composite was then cured in a curing oven at 250℃ for 5 hours, and then placed in a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace at 1400℃ for 3 hours to prepare a preform. The preform was then shaped into C-type structures as required. f / C composite material substrate; using vapor deposition method on C f A high infrared emissivity layer is formed by depositing silicon carbide on the surface of the / C composite substrate, with a silicon carbide deposition thickness of 3nm.

[0032] Preparation of the base layer: The base layer substrate is made of aramid / epoxy resin composite material, and the base layer substrate is processed into the required shape and size to form the base layer.

[0033] Preparation of rigid ceramic fiber heat insulation tiles: fused silica glass fiber, alumina fiber, yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia fiber, water and suspension are mixed, and the fibers are uniformly dispersed in deionized water using a high-speed shear mixer to obtain ceramic fiber slurry; the ceramic fiber slurry is injected into a mold to remove water, and pressure is applied to form a wet blank; the wet blank is placed in a drying oven to dry to form a dry blank; the dry blank is placed in a muffle furnace and pressure sintered to form rigid ceramic fiber heat insulation tiles.

[0034] Preparation of rigid thermal insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer: A mixed solution of orthosilicic acid and anhydrous ethanol was prepared. The pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2-3 using hydrochloric acid and stirred at room temperature. Ammonia water was then slowly added to adjust the pH to neutral, and stirring continued. An ammonium fluoride aqueous solution was then added to prepare a silica sol. The ceramic fiber rigid thermal insulation tile was placed in a vacuum impregnation tank, and after evacuation, the silica sol was injected. Pressure was then applied to allow the silica sol to gel automatically. After gel aging for 24 hours, anhydrous ethanol was used for solvent replacement to remove impurities from the aerogel. After solvent replacement with water, the aerogel is placed in a supercritical carbon dioxide reactor and liquid carbon dioxide is added for supercritical drying to produce a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material. The rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material is placed in a vacuum tank to depressurize, and methyltrimethoxysilane and glacial acetic acid are added and heated for vapor-phase hydrophobic treatment to obtain a hydrophobic rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material. The hydrophobic rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material is then processed into the required shape and size to form a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer.

[0035] Preparation of SiO2 hydrogel: Sodium silicate aqueous solution was mixed with hydrochloric acid and stirred to prepare SiO2 hydrogel.

[0036] Preparation of phase change temperature control material core: Ceramic fiber rigid heat insulation tile is placed in a vacuum impregnation tank and SiO2 hydrogel is injected under vacuum conditions. After injection, it is left to stand to prepare phase change temperature control material core.

[0037] Preparation of high latent hot water gel heat absorption layer: The encapsulation film is encapsulated on three sides of the phase change temperature control material core material by heat pressing. Then, double-sided adhesive with a heat failure temperature of 105℃ is used to encapsulate the un-heat-pressed sides of the phase change temperature control material core material, so that the encapsulation film seals the phase change temperature control material core material to form a high latent hot water gel heat absorption layer.

[0038] Preparation of the metal layer: The metal sheet infrared reflective screen is processed into the required shape and size to form the metal layer.

[0039] The bottom layer of aramid / epoxy resin is prepared by hot pressing aramid / epoxy resin prepreg after layup.

[0040] Lightweight fire-fighting shield assembly: using SiO 2f Screws and nuts made of SiO2 ceramic matrix composite material are used to assemble the high infrared emissivity layer with the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer. Then, metal screws and nuts are used to assemble the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, metal layer, high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer and bottom layer in sequence to form a lightweight fire protection shield.

[0041] Example 2: like Figure 1As shown, a lightweight fire shield includes a shield body 1 and a handle 2. The shield body sequentially includes a bottom layer 101, a temperature control component 102 disposed on the bottom layer, and a high infrared emissivity layer 103 disposed on the temperature control component. The temperature control component includes a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer 121, a high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer 122, and a metal layer 123 sandwiched between the rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer and the high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer. 2f Screws and nuts made of SiO2 ceramic matrix composite material connect the high infrared emissivity layer and the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer. Screws and nuts made of metal material connect the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, the metal layer, the high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer and the bottom layer in sequence. The metal layer is a thin metal plate infrared reflector.

[0042] The thickness of the high infrared emissivity layer is 5mm, the thickness of the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer is 10mm, the thickness of the metal layer is 2mm, the thickness of the high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer is 5mm, and the thickness of the bottom layer is 2mm.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the high-potential hot water gel heat absorption layer includes a phase change temperature control material core 1221 and an encapsulation film 1222 disposed on both sides of the phase change temperature control material core. A safety valve 1223 is connected to the phase change temperature control core. The safety valve is a high-temperature resistant ceramic safety valve, and the encapsulation film is an aluminum-plastic film.

[0044] A method for preparing the above-mentioned lightweight fire-fighting shield includes the following steps: Preparation of a high infrared emissivity layer: A carbon fiber fabric woven body was immersed in acetone, then air-dried for 2 hours, and finally dried at 120℃ for 5 hours to prepare a pretreated carbon fiber fabric. Boron phenolic resin was added to ethanol and stirred until homogeneous to obtain a phenolic resin solution (phenolic resin content 13%). The pretreated carbon fiber fabric was then immersed in the phenolic resin solution for 1 hour, vacuumed to -0.09 MPa, and subjected to assisted vibration at a frequency of 4000 rad / min to prepare an impregnated composite. The impregnated composite was then cured in a curing oven at 250℃ for 5 hours, and then placed in a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace at 800℃ for 3 hours to prepare a preform. The preform was then shaped into C-shaped parts as required. f / C composite material substrate; using vapor deposition method on C f A high infrared emissivity layer is formed by depositing silicon carbide on the surface of the / C composite substrate, with a silicon carbide deposition thickness of 5nm.

[0045] Preparation of the base layer: The base layer substrate is made of aramid / epoxy resin composite material, and the base layer substrate is processed into the required shape and size to form the base layer.

[0046] Preparation of rigid ceramic fiber heat insulation tiles: fused silica glass fiber, alumina fiber, yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia fiber, water and suspension are mixed, and the fibers are uniformly dispersed in deionized water using a high-speed shear mixer to obtain ceramic fiber slurry; the ceramic fiber slurry is injected into a mold to remove water, and pressure is applied to form a wet blank; the wet blank is placed in a drying oven to dry to form a dry blank; the dry blank is placed in a muffle furnace and pressure sintered to form rigid ceramic fiber heat insulation tiles.

[0047] Preparation of rigid thermal insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer: A mixed solution of orthosilicic acid and anhydrous ethanol was prepared. The pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2-3 using hydrochloric acid and stirred at room temperature. Ammonia water was then slowly added to adjust the pH to neutral, and stirring continued. An ammonium fluoride aqueous solution was then added to prepare a silica sol. The ceramic fiber rigid thermal insulation tile was placed in a vacuum impregnation tank, and after evacuation, the silica sol was injected. Pressure was then applied to allow the silica sol to gel automatically. After gel aging for 24 hours, anhydrous ethanol was used for solvent replacement to remove impurities from the aerogel. After solvent replacement with water, the aerogel is placed in a supercritical carbon dioxide reactor and liquid carbon dioxide is added for supercritical drying to produce a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material. The rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material is placed in a vacuum tank to depressurize, and methyltrimethoxysilane and glacial acetic acid are added and heated for vapor-phase hydrophobic treatment to obtain a hydrophobic rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material. The hydrophobic rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material is then processed into the required shape and size to form a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer.

[0048] Preparation of SiO2 hydrogel: Sodium silicate aqueous solution was mixed with hydrochloric acid and stirred to prepare SiO2 hydrogel.

[0049] Preparation of phase change temperature control material core: Ceramic fiber rigid heat insulation tile is placed in a vacuum impregnation tank and SiO2 hydrogel is injected under vacuum conditions. After injection, it is left to stand to prepare phase change temperature control material core.

[0050] Preparation of high latent hot water gel heat absorption layer: The encapsulation film is encapsulated on three sides of the phase change temperature control material core material by heat pressing. Then, double-sided adhesive with a heat failure temperature of 110℃ is used to encapsulate the un-heat-pressed sides of the phase change temperature control material core material, so that the encapsulation film seals the phase change temperature control material core material to form a high latent hot water gel heat absorption layer.

[0051] Preparation of the metal layer: The metal sheet infrared reflective screen is processed into the required shape and size to form the metal layer.

[0052] Lightweight fire-fighting shield assembly: using SiO 2fScrews and nuts made of SiO2 ceramic matrix composite material are used to assemble the high infrared emissivity layer with the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer. Then, metal screws and nuts are used to assemble the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, metal layer, high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer and bottom layer in sequence to form a lightweight fire protection shield.

[0053] Example 3: like Figure 2 As shown, a lightweight fire shield includes a shield body 1 and a handle 2. The shield body sequentially includes a bottom layer 101, a temperature control component 102 disposed on the bottom layer, and a high infrared emissivity layer 103 disposed on the temperature control component. The temperature control component includes a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer 121, a high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer 122, and a metal layer 123 sandwiched between the rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer and the high latent heat water gel heat-absorbing layer. 2f Screws and nuts made of SiO2 ceramic matrix composite material connect the high infrared emissivity layer and the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer. Screws and nuts made of metal material connect the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, the metal layer, the high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer and the bottom layer in sequence. The metal layer is a thin metal plate infrared reflector.

[0054] The thickness of the high infrared emissivity layer is 3mm, the thickness of the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer is 5mm, the thickness of the metal layer is 2mm, the thickness of the high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer is 10mm, and the thickness of the bottom layer is 2mm.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the high-potential hot water gel heat absorption layer includes a phase change temperature control material core 1221 and an encapsulation film 1222 disposed on both sides of the phase change temperature control material core. A safety valve 1223 is connected to the phase change temperature control core. The safety valve is a high-temperature resistant ceramic safety valve, and the encapsulation film is an aluminum-plastic film.

[0056] A method for preparing the above-mentioned lightweight fire-fighting shield includes the following steps: Preparation of a high infrared emissivity layer: A carbon fiber fabric woven body was immersed in acetone, then air-dried for 2 hours, and finally dried at 120℃ for 5 hours to prepare a pretreated carbon fiber fabric. Boron phenolic resin was added to ethanol and stirred until homogeneous to obtain a phenolic resin solution (phenolic resin content 15%). The pretreated carbon fiber fabric was then immersed in the phenolic resin solution for 1 hour, vacuumed to -0.09 MPa, and subjected to assisted vibration at a frequency of 4000 rad / min to prepare an impregnated composite. The impregnated composite was then cured in a curing oven at 250℃ for 5 hours, and then placed in a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace at 1400℃ for 3 hours to prepare a preform. The preform was then shaped into C... f / C composite material substrate; using vapor deposition method on C f A high infrared emissivity layer is formed by depositing silicon carbide on the surface of the / C composite substrate, with a silicon carbide deposition thickness of 4 nm.

[0057] Preparation of the base layer: The base layer substrate is made of aramid / epoxy resin composite material, and the base layer substrate is processed into the required shape and size to form the base layer.

[0058] Preparation of rigid ceramic fiber heat insulation tiles: fused silica glass fiber, alumina fiber, yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia fiber, water and suspension are mixed, and the fibers are uniformly dispersed in deionized water using a high-speed shear mixer to obtain ceramic fiber slurry; the ceramic fiber slurry is injected into a mold to remove water, and pressure is applied to form a wet blank; the wet blank is placed in a drying oven to dry to form a dry blank; the dry blank is placed in a muffle furnace and pressure sintered to form rigid ceramic fiber heat insulation tiles.

[0059] Preparation of rigid thermal insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer: A mixed solution of orthosilicic acid and anhydrous ethanol was prepared. The pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2-3 using hydrochloric acid and stirred at room temperature. Ammonia water was then slowly added to adjust the pH to neutral, and stirring continued. An ammonium fluoride aqueous solution was then added to prepare a silica sol. The ceramic fiber rigid thermal insulation tile was placed in a vacuum impregnation tank, and after evacuation, the silica sol was injected. Pressure was then applied to allow the silica sol to gel automatically. After gel aging for 24 hours, anhydrous ethanol was used for solvent replacement to remove impurities from the aerogel. After solvent replacement with water, the aerogel is placed in a supercritical carbon dioxide reactor and liquid carbon dioxide is added for supercritical drying to produce a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material. The rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material is placed in a vacuum tank to depressurize, and methyltrimethoxysilane and glacial acetic acid are added and heated for vapor-phase hydrophobic treatment to obtain a hydrophobic rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material. The hydrophobic rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel composite material is then processed into the required shape and size to form a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer.

[0060] Preparation of SiO2 hydrogel: Sodium silicate aqueous solution was mixed with hydrochloric acid and stirred to prepare SiO2 hydrogel.

[0061] Preparation of phase change temperature control material core: Ceramic fiber rigid heat insulation tile is placed in a vacuum impregnation tank and SiO2 hydrogel is injected under vacuum conditions. After injection, it is left to stand to prepare phase change temperature control material core.

[0062] Preparation of high latent hot water gel heat absorption layer: The encapsulation film is encapsulated on the side of the phase change temperature control material core material by hot pressing, so that the encapsulation film seals the phase change temperature control material core material to form a high latent hot water gel heat absorption layer. Then, the high temperature resistant ceramic safety valve is connected to the phase change temperature control material core material so that the water vapor after the hydrogel is vaporized enters the high temperature resistant ceramic safety valve. The starting pressure of the high temperature resistant ceramic safety valve is set to 10 kPa.

[0063] Preparation of the metal layer: The metal sheet infrared reflective screen is processed into the required shape and size to form the metal layer.

[0064] Lightweight fire-fighting shield assembly: using SiO 2f Screws and nuts made of SiO2 ceramic matrix composite material are used to assemble the high infrared emissivity layer with the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer. Then, metal screws and nuts are used to assemble the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, metal layer, high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer and bottom layer in sequence to form a lightweight fire protection shield.

[0065] Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 1, the lightweight fire shield in Comparative Example 1 did not use a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer and a high latent water heat gel heat absorption layer; the other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 1, the lightweight fire shield in Comparative Example 2 did not use a high-potential hot water gel heat absorption layer; the other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0067] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 3, the lightweight fire shield in Comparative Example 3 did not use a high infrared emissivity layer; the other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0068] Detection Example 1: The performance of the lightweight fire shields prepared in Examples 1 to 3 above was tested. The test items included specific gravity, impact strength, fire rating and temperature control performance of the fire shield. The test method for impact strength is as follows: Prepare a drop hammer impact testing machine according to GB 11548-89 "Test Method for Impact Resistance of Rigid Plastic Sheets (Falling Hammer Method)". The equipment includes an adjustable-height drop hammer and a fixed specimen support. Set the weight and drop height of the hammer as needed to ensure that the applied impact energy meets the standard requirements. Place the specimen on the support and ensure that it is fixed. Then release the drop hammer to allow it to fall freely and impact the specimen. Record the failure mode of the specimen (such as fracture, crack, etc.) and measure the impact energy required for the specimen to fracture.

[0069] The fire resistance rating test method is as follows: the fire resistance rating of the material is tested and rated according to the relevant test methods of the national standard GB 8624-2012 "Classification of Combustion Performance of Building Materials and Products".

[0070] The specific gravity test method is as follows: Use a precise electronic balance to measure the mass (m) of the sample and record the value. Use the displacement method to measure the volume: Prepare a graduated cylinder or water tank with a known volume, record the initial water level (V1), completely immerse the fire shield sample in the water, ensure that no air bubbles are attached to the sample surface, record the new water level (V2) after immersion, calculate the volume: V = V2 - V1, and use the following formula to calculate the specific gravity (density): Specific gravity (ρ) = m / V; The test results for specific gravity, impact strength and fire resistance are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1 Performance of Lightweight Fire Shields Example 1 0.57 570 A Example 2 0.64 515 A Example 3 0.60 550 A As shown in Table 1, the specific gravity of the lightweight fire-fighting shields produced in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is 0.57–0.64 g / cm³. 3 The impact resistance is 510-570J, and the fire resistance rating is A. The above results show that the fireproof shield provided by the present invention has the characteristics of high impact resistance, lightweight and high fire resistance rating.

[0072] Detection Example 2: The temperature control performance of the lightweight fire shields prepared in Examples 1 to 3 above was tested. The temperature control performance included: the heating rate of the inner side of the fire shield, the temperature of the inner space of the fire shield, and the temperature control time of the fire shield. The test method for temperature control performance is as follows: The test is conducted in a simulated fire environment. The simulated fire environment is a 10㎡ enclosed space. The fire shield is placed in the simulated fire environment, and an open flame heating source is set in front of the fire shield, with a distance of 3m between the open flame heating source and the fire shield. The heating rate inside the fire shield, the temperature inside the fire shield, and the temperature control time of the fire shield are tested respectively. The test results of the temperature control performance of the fire shield are shown in Table 2.

[0073] Table 2 Temperature Control Performance of Fire Shields As shown in Table 2, Comparative Example 1 did not use a lightweight fire shield and did not employ a rigid heat-insulating tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer or a high latent water heat gel heat absorption layer. After testing the heating rate of the inner side of the fire shield and the temperature of the inner space of the fire shield in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, it was found that the heating rate of the inner space of the fire shield in Comparative Example 1 and the temperature of the inner space of the fire shield were significantly higher than those in Example 1.

[0074] In Comparative Example 2, no high-latency hot water gel heat absorption layer was used. After testing the heating rate of the inner side of the fire shield and the temperature of the inner space of the fire shield in Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, it was found that the heating rate of the inner space of the fire shield in Comparative Example 2 was not significantly different from that in Example 1, but the heating rate was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1. However, the temperature of the inner space of the fire shield in Comparative Example 2 was significantly higher than that in Example 1.

[0075] In Comparative Example 3, the fire shield did not have a high infrared emissivity layer. After testing the heating rate of the inner side of the fire shield and the temperature of the inner space of the fire shield in Comparative Example 3 and Example 1, it was found that the heating rate of the fire shield in Comparative Example 3 was significantly higher than that in Example 1. There was no significant difference in the temperature of the inner space of the fire shield between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1, but the temperature control time of the inner space of the fire shield in Comparative Example 3 was significantly lower than that in Example 1.

[0076] The above results indicate that the high infrared emissivity layer of the fire shield of this application can significantly reduce the impact of infrared radiation sources on the shield and significantly improve the temperature control time of the fire shield. The rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer can further reduce the impact of radiation sources passing through the high infrared emissivity layer on the shield, significantly reduce the temperature inside the shield, and further extend the temperature control time of the fire shield. The high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer, as the main body of temperature control, can not only control the temperature of the shield itself and reduce the temperature inside the shield, but also continuously control the temperature of the hot air inside the shield, which can significantly improve the operator's user experience and extend the operator's protection time.

[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, alterations, and equivalent transformations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight fire-fighting shield, characterized in that, The shield body includes a base layer (1), which includes a bottom layer (101), a temperature control component (102) disposed on the bottom layer, and a high infrared emissivity layer (103) disposed on the temperature control component. The temperature control component includes a rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer (121), a high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer (122), and a metal layer (123) sandwiched between the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer and the high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer. The high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer includes a phase change temperature control material core material (1221) and an encapsulation film (1222) disposed on the surface of the high latent heat hydrogel phase change temperature control material core material. The high latent heat hydrogel heat absorption layer is connected to a safety valve (1223).

2. The lightweight fire-fighting shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encapsulation film is an aluminum-plastic film or a PET film.

3. The lightweight fire-fighting shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The safety valve is a high-temperature resistant ceramic safety valve.

4. The lightweight fire-fighting shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom layer is made of aramid / epoxy resin composite material.

5. The lightweight fire-fighting shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the high infrared emissivity layer is C f / C composites and silicon carbide.

6. The lightweight fire-fighting shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the metal layer is an infrared-reflecting metal.

7. The lightweight fire-fighting shield according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The bottom layer is also provided with a handle (2).

8. A method for preparing a lightweight fire-fighting shield according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: C is produced by pyrolysis of carbon fiber fabric and phenolic resin. f / C composite material substrate, then silicon carbide is deposited on C f A high infrared emissivity layer is made on a C composite material substrate; an aramid / epoxy resin composite material is used to make the bottom layer, and a rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, a metal layer and a high latent water heat gel heat absorption layer are assembled into a temperature control component. Then, the high infrared emissivity layer is assembled onto the rigid heat insulation tile / SiO2 aerogel insulation layer, and finally the bottom layer is assembled onto the high latent water heat gel heat absorption layer to make a lightweight fire protection shield.

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