Antenna housing and design method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510356730.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-06
Smart Images
Figure CN120109502A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a radome and a design method thereof. Background Art
[0002] The radome is used to protect the antenna from working normally under harsh environmental conditions. It is a functional composite material structure that integrates electromagnetic transparency and structural protection. Traditional radomes are transparent both inside and outside the working frequency band of the antenna system, which greatly reduces the anti-interference ability of the antenna system. The subwavelength structure radome is a new type of radome structure developed on the basis of the traditional radome. It has both the basic protection function of the radome and the selective wave transmission function. The traditional subwavelength structure has the characteristics of strong frequency domain dispersion, angular domain dispersion and anisotropy, but usually has problems such as narrow selective wave transmission bandwidth, multi-band incompatibility, angle and polarization sensitivity. In addition, this type of radome has problems such as incompatibility in the Ku / Ka dual bands, complex structure, narrow dual-polarization shared bandwidth, and angle sensitivity of wave transmission performance within the working frequency band. Summary of the invention
[0003] In view of this, the purpose of an embodiment of the present application is to provide a radome to improve the problems existing in the prior art such as incompatibility in the Ku / Ka dual bands, complex structure, narrow dual-polarization shared bandwidth, and angular sensitivity of wave transmission performance within the working frequency band.
[0004] The antenna cover includes: a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a structural layer; the second dielectric layer is arranged close to the protected antenna, the first dielectric layer is arranged away from the protected antenna, and the structural layer is located between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; the structural layer includes a unit structure formed by arranging a plurality of metal parts of the same shape; wherein the unit structure is configured to generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments of in-phase resonance for TE polarized waves, and a pair of magnetic dipole moments of anti-phase resonance for TM polarized waves.
[0005] In the above implementation process, when the electromagnetic waves in the external space propagate to the radome, the first dielectric layer, as one of the outer structures of the radome, can perform preliminary dielectric regulation on the incident electromagnetic waves. At the same time, the first dielectric layer is located on the outermost side of the radome, and can protect the internal structure of the radome and the protected antenna from potential damage by various physical and chemical factors in the external environment. The structural layer is composed of multiple metal parts arranged and combined according to a certain rule to form a complete unit structure. These unit structures are repeated periodically in the structural layer, and together constitute the special electromagnetic characteristics of the entire structural layer. The structural layer can enable the radome to realize the mutual conversion of TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves within a specific frequency band, or only allow electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency band to pass through, thereby meeting the special requirements of antenna performance in different application scenarios. The second dielectric layer is set close to the protected antenna, which can reduce the reflection loss of electromagnetic waves at the dielectric interface and improve the radiation efficiency and receiving sensitivity of the antenna. In the multi-layer dielectric structure, the second dielectric layer works synergistically with the first dielectric layer and the structural layer to perform complex regulation on electromagnetic waves.
[0006] Optionally, the metal part includes: a first metal patch and a second metal patch; the first metal patch and the second metal patch are both bow-shaped structures of the same shape; the first metal patch and the second metal patch are mirror-symmetrically arranged in the structural layer along the symmetry axis a; wherein the first metal patch and the second metal patch are configured to maintain a stable resonant response within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°, so that the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave is red-shifted, and the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave is blue-shifted.
[0007] In the above implementation process, the first metal patch and the second metal patch are in the same bow-shaped structure, which can generate a specific electromagnetic response under the excitation of electromagnetic waves. The first metal patch and the second metal patch are arranged in the structural layer in a mirror-symmetrical manner along the symmetry axis a, which further optimizes the coupling effect of the metal patch on the electromagnetic wave, so that the metal patch (the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6) can maintain a stable resonant response in a wider range of incident angles (0° to 70°). When the electromagnetic wave is incident on the structural layer, the special shape of the bow-shaped metal patch will excite electromagnetic modes such as surface plasmon polaritons on its surface, causing the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave to redshift, that is, the resonant frequency moves toward the low frequency direction; at the same time, the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave is blueshifted, that is, the resonant frequency moves toward the high frequency direction. The differentiated regulation of the resonant frequencies of different polarized waves can effectively change the transmission characteristics of the antenna cover to different polarized waves, thereby optimizing the radiation characteristics or receiving characteristics of the antenna, and improving the performance and efficiency of the antenna under different polarized wave conditions.
[0008] Optionally, the first metal patch and the second metal patch include a length direction, a width direction and a thickness direction that are orthogonal to each other; the thickness range of the first metal patch and the second metal patch in the thickness direction includes 0.2 to 0.8um; the length range of the first metal patch and the second metal patch in the length direction includes 1.45 to 1.55mm; the width range of the first metal patch and the second metal patch in the width direction includes 0.65 to 0.75mm.
[0009] In the above implementation process, the size of the metal patch (the first metal patch and the second metal patch) will affect its coupling efficiency and phase response to electromagnetic waves. Controlling these sizes can optimize the response characteristics of the metal patch to different incident angles and polarized waves, so that it can maintain a stable resonant response within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°, which can effectively improve the communication quality and detection accuracy of the antenna.
[0010] Optionally, the lateral side lengths of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both integer multiples of the lateral period px of the unit structure; wherein the lateral period px of the unit structure ranges from 2.35 to 4.35 mm; the longitudinal side lengths of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both integer multiples of the longitudinal period py of the unit structure; wherein the longitudinal period py of the unit structure ranges from 1.45 to 3.45 mm; the lateral period px of the unit structure is 1.35 to 1.45 times the longitudinal period py; wherein the longitudinal period of the unit structure is the length of a single combination of the first metal patch and its corresponding second metal patch in the direction of its mirror symmetry axis, and the lateral period of the unit structure is the length of a single combination of the first metal patch and its corresponding second metal patch in a direction orthogonal to the mirror symmetry axis.
[0011] In the above implementation process, the lateral lengths of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both integer multiples of the lateral period px of the unit structure, and the longitudinal lengths are both integer multiples of the longitudinal period py of the unit structure, ensuring the matching between the dielectric layer and the unit structure, making the propagation of electromagnetic waves between the dielectric layer and the unit structure smoother, and reducing the reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves caused by size mismatch. In other words, the unit structure presents a regular arrangement in space, which is conducive to forming a uniform electromagnetic field distribution, so that the entire unit structure can maintain a stable resonant response within a wide range of incident angles (0° to 70°), thereby achieving effective regulation of the resonant frequency of TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves, and further improving the performance and efficiency of the antenna cover.
[0012] Optionally, the first metal patch and the second metal patch are both axisymmetric structures; wherein the first metal patch is axisymmetric along a first symmetry axis a1, and the second metal patch is axisymmetric along a second symmetry axis a2; wherein the first symmetry axis a1 is orthogonal to the second symmetry axis a2.
[0013] In the above implementation process, the axisymmetric structure enables the metal patch to have the same electromagnetic response characteristics in multiple directions. Since the first metal patch is axisymmetric along the first symmetry axis a1, and the second metal patch is axisymmetric along the second symmetry axis a2, and a1 is orthogonal to a2, the metal patch can effectively control the electromagnetic waves in the x-axis and y-axis directions. Through the axisymmetric structure, the phase of electromagnetic waves in different directions can be independently controlled, thereby realizing more complex electromagnetic wave control functions, such as beamforming, beam scanning, etc.
[0014] Optionally, the first metal patch and the second metal patch both include: at least 2 first bending portions and multiple second bending portions; the first bending portions are located at both ends of the first metal patch and the second metal patch; through the first bending portions, the metal patch forms two opposite first ends and a second end and a metal segment connecting the first end and the second end; the multiple second bending portions are arranged in the metal segment, and the multiple second bending portions bend the metal segment to form multiple mutually parallel first metal nodes and multiple mutually parallel second metal nodes; wherein any one of the first metal nodes and the second metal node is orthogonal.
[0015] In the above implementation process, when the TE polarized wave is incident on the metal patch, the orthogonal first metal section and the second metal section can generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments of in-phase resonance, thereby enhancing the transmission efficiency and radiation characteristics of the TE polarized wave inside the radome. At the same time, when the TM polarized wave is incident on the metal patch, the orthogonal first metal section and the second metal section can generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments of anti-phase resonance, thereby reducing the insertion loss and reflection coefficient of the TM polarized wave, thereby allowing the TM polarized wave to pass through the radome more smoothly.
[0016] Optionally, the value range of the first end and the second end in the length direction includes 0.25 to 0.55 mm; the value range of the first metal node in the length direction includes 0.45 to 0.75 mm; the value range of the second metal node in the length direction includes 0.25 to 0.35 mm; the value range of the first end, the second end, the first metal node and the second metal node in the width direction includes 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
[0017] In the above implementation process, appropriate parameter settings can enable the end to effectively couple and respond to electromagnetic waves while maintaining structural stability, and also ensure that the metal node can generate a specific electromagnetic mode under the excitation of electromagnetic waves, thereby affecting the resonant frequency of TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves.
[0018] Optionally, the thickness h of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both in the range of 3 to 4 mm; and the constituent materials of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer include materials with relative dielectric constants in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 and loss tangent values in the range of 0.001 to 0.01.
[0019] In the above implementation process, the thickness range of 3 to 4 mm is a relatively moderate choice, which can ensure the effective propagation of electromagnetic waves while avoiding the increase in weight and cost caused by excessive thickness. The relative dielectric constant affects the propagation speed and phase of electromagnetic waves, while the loss tangent value is related to the attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the medium. The relative dielectric constant range of 2.0 to 4.0 and the loss tangent value range of 0.001 to 0.01 mean that these materials can effectively regulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves while maintaining low signal loss.
[0020] Optionally, the unit structures are evenly arranged in a plane between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; and the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer match the size of the structural layer.
[0021] In the above implementation process, the sizes of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer match the size of the structural layer, so that the dielectric layer can provide good support and protection for the structural layer while ensuring the transmission efficiency of electromagnetic waves between the dielectric layer and the structural layer. The uniform arrangement of the unit structure enables each unit structure to have the same spatial period in space, which helps to achieve periodic regulation of electromagnetic waves. The control of size enables the radome to maintain stable performance under different frequency bands and different polarization wave conditions, further improving the practicality and reliability of the radome.
[0022] An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for designing a radome, the method comprising: forming a unit structure by arranging a plurality of metal parts of the same shape to form a structural layer; setting a second dielectric layer at a position close to the protected antenna, and setting a first dielectric layer at a position far from the protected antenna; setting the structural layer between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; wherein the unit structure is configured to generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments that resonate in phase with the TE polarized wave, and a pair of magnetic dipole moments that resonate in anti-phase with the TM polarized wave.
[0023] In the above implementation process, the structural layer is composed of a unit structure formed by arranging multiple metal parts of the same shape to achieve a resonance effect on electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band. The unit structure is repeated periodically in the structural layer, and together constitutes the special electromagnetic characteristics of the entire structural layer. The first dielectric layer is set at a position far away from the protected antenna, and its main function is to perform preliminary dielectric regulation on the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the external space. The second dielectric layer is set at a position close to the protected antenna, and its main function is to accurately match and optimize the electromagnetic waves radiated or received by the antenna, reduce the reflection loss of electromagnetic waves at the dielectric interface, and improve the radiation efficiency and receiving sensitivity of the antenna. The structural layer is located between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, so that when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the external space to the antenna cover, it enters the structural layer for precise polarization regulation after the preliminary regulation of the first dielectric layer, and then matches and optimizes the antenna through the second dielectric layer. The unit structure is configured to generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments that resonate in phase for TE polarized waves, and a pair of magnetic dipole moments that resonate in antiphase for TM polarized waves. When a TE polarized wave is incident on the structural layer, the unit structure will excite a magnetic dipole moment of the same phase, enhancing the transmission efficiency and radiation characteristics of the TE polarized wave inside the radome. When a TM polarized wave is incident on the structural layer, the unit structure will excite a magnetic dipole moment of the opposite phase, reducing the insertion loss and reflection coefficient of the TM polarized wave, allowing the TM polarized wave to pass through the radome more smoothly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a radome provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0026] Figure 2 The structure and dimensioning diagram of the unit structure provided in the embodiment of the present application;
[0027] Figure 3 The transmittance curves of TE and TM polarized waves of the radome and the pure dielectric plate without a structural layer under normal incidence provided in the embodiment of the present application;
[0028] Figure 4 The transmittance curves of TE and TM polarized waves of the radome and the pure dielectric plate without a structural layer provided in the embodiment of the present application at 35° oblique incidence;
[0029] Figure 5The antenna cover provided in the embodiment of the present application and the pure dielectric plate without a loaded structural layer are transmittance curves of TE and TM polarized waves under 70° oblique incidence.
[0030] Icon: 1-first dielectric layer; 2-structural layer; 3-second dielectric layer; 4-unit structure; 5-first metal patch; 6-second metal patch; 61-first bending portion; 62-second bending portion; 621-first metal node; 622-second metal node. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application.
[0032] The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna cover, which includes a first dielectric layer 1, a structural layer 2, and a second dielectric layer 3 arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the structural layer 2 is composed of a periodic unit structure 4 in a two-dimensional plane, and the unit structure 4 is composed of a pair of metal parts with broken in-plane inversion symmetry. Specifically, the metal parts, namely the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6, are obtained by bending and folding the metal strip in a bow shape to achieve the miniaturization of the unit structure 4, so that it maintains a stable resonant response within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°, while making the unit structure 4 have different electrical resonance responses to TE and TM polarized electromagnetic waves. Finally, in order to achieve good load-bearing protection capability and high temperature resistance of the antenna cover, fiber-reinforced or ceramic-based composite materials are used to construct the dielectric layer of the antenna cover, and used as a phase compensation layer to broaden the shared transmission band of dual-polarized waves and reduce insertion loss through multi-beam interference. In practical applications, this type of antenna cover can be widely used in various antenna systems that require control of the polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves, such as satellite communication antennas, radar antennas, 5G communication base station antennas, etc., which can effectively improve the communication quality, detection accuracy and anti-interference ability of the antenna.
[0033] Optionally, see Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a radome provided in an embodiment of the present application.
[0034] The antenna cover includes: a first dielectric layer 1, a second dielectric layer 3 and a structural layer 2; the second dielectric layer 3 is arranged close to the protected antenna, the first dielectric layer 1 is arranged away from the protected antenna, and the structural layer 2 is located between the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3; the structural layer 2 includes a unit structure 4 formed by arranging a plurality of metal parts of the same shape; wherein the unit structure 4 is configured to generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments of in-phase resonance for TE polarized waves, and a pair of magnetic dipole moments of anti-phase resonance for TM polarized waves.
[0035] In the above implementation process, the first dielectric layer 1 is a layer far away from the protected antenna. Its main function is to perform preliminary dielectric regulation on the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the external space, such as having a certain influence on the propagation speed, phase and other characteristics of the electromagnetic waves. At the same time, it can also play a certain mechanical protection role to prevent external objects from causing direct damage to the internal structure; the second dielectric layer 3 is set close to the protected antenna. Its material and thickness and other parameters are set to perform dielectric matching and optimization on the electromagnetic waves radiated or received by the antenna within a close range, reduce the reflection loss of the electromagnetic waves at the dielectric interface, and improve the radiation efficiency and receiving sensitivity of the antenna. The structural layer 2 is a key structure in the antenna cover. A unit structure 4 composed of multiple metal parts of the same shape is arranged to achieve the resonance of electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band. The structural layer 2 is composed of multiple metal parts arranged and combined according to a certain rule to form a complete unit structure 4. These unit structures 4 appear periodically in the structural layer 2, which can regulate the polarization of the electromagnetic waves, thereby maintaining a stable shared transmission bandwidth and low insertion loss of dual-polarized waves to a certain extent. Specifically, the electric field component of the TE polarized wave is perpendicular to the propagation direction, while the magnetic field component of the TM polarized wave is perpendicular to the propagation direction. After passing through the antenna cover, a pair of in-phase resonant magnetic dipole moments are generated for the TE polarized wave, and a pair of anti-phase resonant magnetic dipole moments are generated for the TM polarized wave. Not only does it effectively enhance the transmission efficiency and radiation characteristics of the TE polarized wave inside the antenna cover, but the anti-phase resonant magnetic dipole moment can offset the adverse electromagnetic effects of the TM polarized wave at the structural layer 2 to a certain extent, such as reducing the insertion loss and reflection coefficient of the TM polarized wave, so that the TM polarized wave can pass through the antenna cover more smoothly. At the same time, by regulating the anti-phase resonant magnetic dipole moment, the phase compensation and amplitude adjustment functions of the TM polarized wave can be realized, further optimizing the antenna's reception and radiation performance of the TM polarized wave.
[0036] Optionally, the thickness h of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 are both in the range of 3 to 4 mm; and the constituent materials of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 include materials with relative dielectric constants in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 and loss tangent values in the range of 0.001 to 0.01.
[0037] In the above implementation process, it can be known that the appropriate thickness can ensure that the dielectric layer has a good regulating effect on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The thickness h of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 is in the range of 3 to 4 mm. Within this thickness range, the dielectric layer can effectively change the propagation speed, phase and other characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, thereby realizing precise regulation of the electromagnetic wave. The constituent materials of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 have the characteristics of a relative dielectric constant ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 and a loss tangent value ranging from 0.001 to 0.01. The relative dielectric constant is a parameter that describes the polarization ability of a material to electromagnetic waves. Its value range of 2.0 to 4.0 indicates that these materials can polarize electromagnetic waves to a certain extent, thereby affecting the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves. The loss tangent value is a parameter that describes the degree of loss of a material to electromagnetic waves. Its value range of 0.001 to 0.01 indicates that these materials have low electromagnetic wave loss, can effectively transmit electromagnetic waves, and reduce energy loss.
[0038] Optionally, the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 may be made of one or more materials having good mechanical bearing and high temperature erosion resistance. The materials of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 may be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimide (PI), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), silicon dioxide (SiO2), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), or glass fiber materials made of glass or ceramic-based materials made of materials such as alumina and silicate.
[0039] Optionally, the unit structures 4 are evenly arranged in a plane between the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 ; the sizes of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 match those of the structural layer 2 .
[0040] In the above implementation process, the size of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 matches the size of the structural layer 2, which not only provides good support and protection for the structural layer 2, but also ensures the efficient transmission of electromagnetic waves between the dielectric layers (the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3) and the structural layer 2. The unit structures 4 are evenly arranged in the plane between the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3, so that each unit structure 4 can work in the same environment, thereby ensuring the uniformity and reliability of the performance of the entire device. At the same time, it can reduce stress concentration at the interface, avoid structural deformation or damage caused by size mismatch, and further improve the stability and service life of the entire device.
[0041] Optionally, combine Figure 1 See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the structure and dimensioning of the unit structure 4 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
[0042] Optionally, the lateral side lengths of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 are both integer multiples of the lateral period px of the unit structure 4; wherein the value range of the lateral period px of the unit structure 4 includes 2.35 to 4.35 mm; the longitudinal side lengths of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 are both integer multiples of the longitudinal period py of the unit structure 4; wherein the value range of the longitudinal period py of the unit structure 4 includes 1.45 to 3.45 mm; the lateral period px of the unit structure 4 is 1.35 to 1.45 times the longitudinal period py; wherein the longitudinal period of the unit structure 4 is the length of a single first metal patch 5 and its corresponding second metal patch 6 combined in the direction of its mirror symmetry axis, and the lateral period of the unit structure 4 is the length of a single first metal patch 5 and its corresponding second metal patch 6 combined in the direction orthogonal to the mirror symmetry axis.
[0043] In the above implementation process, it can be understood that the longitudinal period refers to the distance between two adjacent unit structures 4 in the direction of the mirror symmetry axis. Specifically, it is the distance from the starting point of one unit structure 4 to the corresponding starting point of the next unit structure 4 along the direction of the mirror symmetry axis, that is, the repetition period of the unit structure 4 in the longitudinal direction. The transverse period refers to the distance between two adjacent unit structures 4 in the direction orthogonal (i.e., vertical) to the mirror symmetry axis. Specifically, it is the distance from the starting point of one unit structure 4 to the corresponding starting point of the next unit structure 4 along the direction perpendicular to the mirror symmetry axis, that is, the repetition period of the unit structure 4 in the transverse direction. The dielectric layer (the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3) matches the periodicity of the unit structure 4 in the transverse direction, so that the propagation of electromagnetic waves between the dielectric layer and the unit structure 4 is smoother, reducing the reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves caused by size mismatch, so that the unit structure 4 can effectively regulate electromagnetic waves in a wider frequency band. The dielectric layer matches the periodicity of the unit structure 4 in the longitudinal direction, further optimizing the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave between the dielectric layer and the unit structure 4, so that the unit structure 4 can maintain a good electromagnetic wave regulation effect under different polarization wave conditions. The transverse period px of the unit structure 4 is 1.35 to 1.45 times the longitudinal period py, so that the unit structure 4 presents a specific geometric shape in space, which is conducive to forming a uniform electromagnetic field distribution. At the same time, this proportional relationship can further optimize the regulation effect of the unit structure 4 on different polarization waves, so that it can achieve better electromagnetic wave regulation performance within a specific working frequency band. It can also be known that in different bands, the corresponding settings can be made by scaling the metal parts with broken in-plane inversion symmetry, specifically, the metal parts obtained by bending and folding the metal strip in a bow shape, that is, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6. The effective electrical length is the total length of the metal piece obtained by bending and folding the metal strip in a bow shape, that is, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6, after straightening. Bending can play a role in miniaturization. Under the original length condition, the area occupied is large. After bending, the area occupied by the unit structure is reduced, so that the generalization ability of the unit structure is strong. According to different needs, the wave-transmitting window can be used in other frequency bands by scaling the effective electrical length of the first metal patch 5 and its corresponding second metal patch 6.
[0044] Specifically, please focus on Figure 2 The metal parts include: a first metal patch 5 and a second metal patch 6; the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are both bow-shaped structures of the same form; the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are arranged in the structural layer 2 in a mirror-symmetrical manner along the symmetry axis a; wherein the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are configured to maintain a stable resonant response of the bow-shaped metal bending patch within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°, so that the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave is red-shifted, and the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave is blue-shifted.
[0045] In the above implementation process, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are both of the same bow-shaped structure, so that the metal patch can produce a specific electromagnetic response under the excitation of electromagnetic waves. The bow-shaped metal patch has the advantages of simple structure and large electrical length, and utilizes the miniaturization of the unit structure to improve the angular stability of the antenna cover. The reason for arranging the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 of the same bow-shaped structure is that when the angle of incidence is large, such an arrangement can improve the transmittance of TE polarized waves and eliminate the adverse effects of parasitic Lorentz resonance on TM polarized waves, so as to maintain the efficient transmission of TM polarized waves. It can be known that the features that appear in the first metal patch 5 will also appear in the second metal patch 6, and vice versa. The bow-shaped structure has multiple bending parts, which can produce different responses to electromagnetic waves in different directions, thereby realizing differentiated regulation of different polarized waves. The first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are arranged in the structural layer 2 in a mirror-symmetrical manner along the symmetry axis a, further optimizing the coupling effect of the metal patch (the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6) on the electromagnetic wave, so that a stable resonant response can be maintained in a wider range of incident angles (0° to 70°). In the range of incident angles of 0° to 70°, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 produce a stable resonant response to the TE polarized wave, causing the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave to redshift, which means that the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave moves toward the low-frequency direction, thereby changing the transmission characteristics of the antenna cover to the TE polarized wave, and improving the performance and directivity of the antenna when processing TE polarized wave signals. Similarly, within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°, the metal patches (the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6) produce a stable resonant response to the TM polarized wave, causing the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave to blue-shift, which means that the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave moves toward the high frequency direction, thereby changing the transmission characteristics of the antenna cover to the TM polarized wave and improving the performance and directivity of the antenna when processing TM polarized wave signals.
[0046] Optionally, the material composition of the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 can be selected from one or more of gold sheet, copper sheet or aluminum sheet.
[0047] Optionally, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are both axisymmetric structures; wherein the first metal patch 5 is axisymmetric along a first symmetry axis a1, and the second metal patch 6 is axisymmetric along a second symmetry axis a2; wherein the first symmetry axis a1 is orthogonal to the second symmetry axis a2.
[0048] In the above implementation process, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are both axisymmetric structures, so that the metal patches can produce specific electromagnetic responses under the excitation of electromagnetic waves. Among them, the first metal patch 5 is axisymmetric along the first symmetry axis a1, and the second metal patch 6 is axisymmetric along the second symmetry axis a2, and the first symmetry axis a1 is orthogonal to the second symmetry axis a2. When electromagnetic waves are incident on the structural layer 2, due to the axisymmetry of the metal patches, they can produce uniform electromagnetic responses to electromagnetic waves in different directions. This helps to improve the control effect of the antenna cover on waves with different polarizations, so that the metal patches (the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6) can maintain a stable resonant response within a wider range of incident angles. Figure 2 As shown, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are both axisymmetric structures symmetrical along the symmetry axis a, which can generate a specific electromagnetic mode under the excitation of electromagnetic waves, causing the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave to red shift, and the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave to blue shift. This differentiated regulation of the resonant frequencies of different polarized waves can effectively change the transmission characteristics of the antenna cover for different polarized waves, thereby optimizing the radiation characteristics or receiving characteristics of the antenna, improving the performance and efficiency of the antenna under different polarized wave conditions, and maximizing the overlapping frequency band of high transmittance of TE and TM polarized waves.
[0049] Optionally, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 include length directions, width directions and thickness directions that are orthogonal to each other; the thickness range of the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 in the thickness direction includes 0.2 to 0.8 um; the length range of the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 in the length direction includes 1.45 to 1.55 mm; the width range of the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 in the width direction includes 0.65 to 0.75 mm.
[0050] In the above implementation process, the thickness, length and width of the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 will affect their electromagnetic characteristics in the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves, such as the resonant frequency, coupling efficiency and electromagnetic field distribution of electromagnetic waves, so that the metal patches can produce effective electromagnetic responses to electromagnetic waves while maintaining structural stability. Thinner metal patches can reduce the propagation loss of electromagnetic waves and improve the wave transmission performance of the antenna cover; while thicker metal patches can enhance the mechanical strength of the metal patches, so that they can withstand the influence of various physical and chemical factors in the external environment.
[0051] Optionally, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 each include: at least two first bending portions 61 and multiple second bending portions 62; the first bending portion 61 is located at both ends of the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6; through the first bending portion 61, the metal patches (the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6) form two opposite first ends and a second end and a metal segment connecting the first end and the second end; multiple second bending portions 62 are arranged in the metal segment, and the multiple second bending portions 62 bend the metal segment to form multiple mutually parallel first metal nodes 621 and multiple mutually parallel second metal nodes 622; wherein any first metal node 621 and second metal node 622 are orthogonal.
[0052] In the above implementation process, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 each include at least two first bending portions 61 and multiple second bending portions 62 (it can be known that the two bending portions exist correspondingly in the first metal patch 5, but are not marked in the figure), so that the metal patch can generate a specific electromagnetic response, thereby realizing the differentiated regulation of different polarized waves. The first bending portion 61 is located at both ends of the metal patch. Through the first bending portion 61, the metal patch forms two opposite first ends and a second end and a metal segment connecting the first end and the second end. Multiple second bending portions 62 are arranged in the metal segment. Through these second bending portions 62, the metal segment is bent to form multiple mutually parallel first metal nodes 621 and multiple mutually parallel second metal nodes 622. The metal patch (the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6) has a specific geometric shape at both ends, which can effectively couple with electromagnetic waves. When an electromagnetic wave is incident on a metal patch, the electromagnetic wave generates a specific electromagnetic field distribution at both ends of the metal patch, thereby affecting the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, so that the metal patch can produce different responses to the electromagnetic wave in different directions, thereby realizing differentiated regulation of waves with different polarizations. When a TE polarized wave is incident on a metal patch, the orthogonal first metal node 621 and the second metal node 622 can generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments that resonate in phase, thereby enhancing the transmission efficiency and radiation characteristics of the TE polarized wave inside the antenna cover. When a TM polarized wave is incident on a metal patch, the orthogonal first metal node 621 and the second metal node 622 can generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments that resonate in anti-phase, thereby reducing the insertion loss and reflection coefficient of the TM polarized wave, thereby enabling the TM polarized wave to pass through the antenna cover more smoothly.
[0053] Optionally, the value range of the first end and the second end in the length direction includes 0.25 to 0.55 mm; the value range of the first metal node 621 in the length direction includes 0.45 to 0.75 mm; the value range of the second metal node 622 in the length direction includes 0.25 to 0.35 mm; the value range of the first end, the second end, the first metal node 621 and the second metal node 622 in the width direction includes 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
[0054] In the above implementation process, here are two different metals in the "L" shape shown in the figure, that is, the metal nodes of the metal patch (the first metal node 621 and the second metal node 622). Similarly, it can be known that the two metal nodes exist in the first metal patch 5, but they are not marked in the figure. In the width direction, the first end, the second end, the first metal node 621 and the second metal node 622 are all in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 mm. In the length direction, the first end and the second end have a value range of 0.25 to 0.55 mm, the first metal node 621 has a value range of 0.45 to 0.75 mm in the length direction, and the second metal node 622 has a value range of 0.25 to 0.35 mm in the length direction, so that the end can produce effective coupling and response to electromagnetic waves while maintaining structural stability, and also ensure that the metal node can generate a specific electromagnetic mode under the excitation of the electromagnetic wave, thereby affecting the resonant frequency of the TE polarization wave and the TM polarization wave. It can also be said that the response characteristics of the metal patch to electromagnetic waves are optimized so that it can achieve better electromagnetic wave control effects within a specific working frequency band.
[0055] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 2As shown, the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are arranged in an "eight" shape mirror image, the angle a between the symmetry axis a1 and the symmetry axis a of the unit structure 4 is π / 4, and the symmetry axis a1 of the first metal patch 5 is perpendicular to the symmetry axis a2 of the second metal patch 6. The geometric parameter w1 of the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 has a value range of 0.05 to 0.15 mm, a value range of w2 of 1.45 to 1.55 mm, a value range of w3 of 0.25 to 0.35 mm, a value range of w4 of 1.0 to 1.2 mm, a value range of l1 of 0.65 to 0.75 mm, and a value range of l2 of 0.45 to 0.55 mm. It can be known that the value range of the first end and the second end in the length direction includes 0.25 to 0.55 mm, which is the value range of w2-w4; the value range of the first metal section 621 in the length direction includes 0.45 to 0.75 mm because the value range of l1 is 0.65 to 0.75 mm, and the value range of l2 is 0.45 to 0.55 mm, and the value here is l1∪l2; the value range of the second metal section 622 in the length direction includes 0.25 to 0.35 mm, which is the length of w3 in the figure.
[0056] The performance test of the sample in the embodiment of the present application is carried out, and the wave transmittance response curve of the sample under different polarization modes and electromagnetic wave incident angles is provided. Under different incident angle conditions, the performance comparison experiment of the radome with and without the structural layer 2 is carried out.
[0057] The sample parameters provided in the embodiment of the present application are as follows: the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 are glass fiber composite materials, and the thickness h thereof is 3.15 mm. The relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3 is 3.2, and the loss tangent is 0.002.
[0058] The first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are arranged in an "eight" shape mirror image. The angle between the symmetry axis a1 of the first metal patch 5 and the symmetry axis a of the unit structure 4 is π / 4, and the symmetry axis a1 of the first metal patch 5 is perpendicular to the symmetry axis a2 of the second metal patch 6. The metal material of the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 is copper with a thickness of 0.2um. The value of w1 is 0.1mm, the value of w2 is 1.5mm, the value of w3 is 0.3mm, the value of w4 is 1.1mm, the value range of l1 is 0.7mm, and the value of l2 is 0.5mm.
[0059] The transverse period px of the unit structure 4 is 3.35 mm, and the longitudinal period py of the unit structure 4 is 2.45 mm. The transverse period px of the unit structure 4 is 1.37 times the longitudinal period py.
[0060] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 Wave transmittance curves of TE and TM polarized waves for the radome and the pure dielectric plate without a loaded structural layer under normal incidence provided in the embodiments of the present application.
[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, under the condition of normal incidence of dual-polarized waves, by comparing the transmission characteristic curves of the sample of this embodiment and the pure dielectric plate, it can be obtained that: within the working frequency band, that is, in the two ranges of 12.00GHz to 18.00GHz and 28.44GHz to 32GHz, the wave transmittance of the sample of this embodiment for TE and TM polarized waves is higher than the wave transmittance of the corresponding polarized waves of the pure dielectric plate. Outside the working frequency band, the wave transmittance of the sample provided by this embodiment is relatively low in the range of 21.38GHz to 24.54GHz for TE polarized waves (less than 0.33, i.e., below -10dB); and the wave transmittance of the sample provided by this embodiment is also relatively low in the range of 24.54GHz to 27.80GHz for TM polarized waves (less than 0.33, i.e., below -10dB). However, the pure dielectric plate has no effect of suppressing the wave transmittance of TE and TM polarized waves in the Ku to Ka band.
[0062] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 The transmittance curves of TE and TM polarized waves of the radome and the pure dielectric plate without a loaded structural layer provided in the embodiment of the present application at 35° oblique incidence.
[0063] like Figure 4 As shown, when the dual-polarized wave is incident at an angle of 35°, the transmission characteristic curves of the sample provided in this embodiment and the pure dielectric plate are compared to obtain: within the working frequency band, that is, within the two ranges of 12.50GHz-18.00GHz and 28.96GHz-32GHz, the TE polarized wave transmittance and TM polarized wave transmittance of the sample of this embodiment are higher than the corresponding transmittance of the pure dielectric plate; outside the working frequency band, for TE polarized waves, the transmittance of the sample of this embodiment is lower than 0.33 (below -10dB) in the frequency band of 21.44GHz-25.08GHz; for TM polarized waves, the transmittance is also lower than 0.33 (below -10dB) in the frequency band of 25.38GHz-27.76GHz. However, the pure lossy dielectric plate cannot suppress the transmission of TE and TM polarized waves in the Ku to Ka band.
[0064] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 The antenna cover provided in the embodiment of the present application and the pure dielectric plate without a loaded structural layer are transmittance curves of TE and TM polarized waves under 70° oblique incidence.
[0065] like Figure 5As shown, when the dual-polarized wave is incident at an angle of 70°, the transmission characteristic curves of the sample provided in this embodiment and the pure dielectric plate are compared to obtain: in the working frequency band, i.e., 13.78 GHz-18.00 GHz and 28.88 GHz-32 GHz, the TE polarized wave transmittance of the sample of this embodiment is higher than the TE polarized wave transmittance of the pure lossy dielectric plate; however, affected by the Brewster effect, the transmittance of the TM polarized wave of the sample of this embodiment in the Ku to Ka band is lower than the TM polarized wave transmittance of the pure dielectric plate. Outside the working frequency band, the transmittance of the sample of this embodiment for TE polarized waves is lower than 0.33 (below -10 dB) in the 21.53 GHz-27.76 GHz frequency band; and for TM polarized waves, the transmittance is also lower than 0.33 (below -10 dB) in the 25.60 GHz-27.04 GHz frequency band. For TE polarized waves, the pure dielectric plate has a transmittance lower than 0.33 (below -10dB) in the 17.10GHz-24.56GHz frequency band, but does not have the effect of suppressing the transmission of TM polarized waves in the Ku to Ka band.
[0066] In the above process, combined with Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 It can be seen that the sample provided in the embodiment of the present application is within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°, within the working frequency band: in the Ku band, with 14.00 GHz as the center frequency, the overlapping bandwidth of the dual-polarized wave transmittance maintained above 0.9 is 0.96 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth of the transmittance maintained above 0.8 is 2.02 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth of the transmittance maintained above 0.7 is 2.80 GHz, and the overlapping bandwidth of the transmittance maintained above 0.6 is 3.48 GHz. In the Ka band, with 29.42 GHz as the center frequency, the overlapping bandwidth of the dual-polarized wave transmittance maintained above 0.8 is 0.84 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth of the transmittance maintained above 0.75 is 1.06 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth of the transmittance maintained above 0.7 is 1.30 GHz, and the overlapping bandwidth of the transmittance maintained above 0.6 is 1.74 GHz.
[0067] In contrast, for the pure dielectric plate without loading structure layer 2, within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°, in the Ku band, with a center frequency of 13.54 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth for the dual-polarized wave transmittance to remain above 0.9 is 0.6, the overlapping bandwidth for the transmittance to remain above 0.8 is 1.36 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth for the transmittance to remain above 0.7 is 1.98 GHz, and the overlapping bandwidth for the transmittance to remain above 0.6 is 2.76 GHz. In the Ka band, with a center frequency of 26.88 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth for the dual-polarized wave transmittance to remain above 0.8 is 0.2 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth for the transmittance to remain above 0.75 is 0.56 GHz, the overlapping bandwidth for the transmittance to remain above 0.7 is 0.76 GHz, and the overlapping bandwidth for the transmittance to remain above 0.6 is 0.76 GHz.
[0068] At the same time, the sample provided in the embodiment of the present application has an incident angle range of 0° to 70°, outside the working frequency band: in the range of 21.38GHz to 24.54GHz, the transmittance of TE polarized waves is less than 0.33 (below -10dB); in the range of 25.60GHz to 27.04GHz, the transmittance of TM polarized waves is less than 0.33 (below -10dB). However, the bandwidth of the pure dielectric plate with a transmittance of TE and TM polarized waves less than 0.33 (below -10dB) in the incident angle range of 0° to 70° is zero.
[0069] Obviously, the introduction of structural layer 2 significantly expands the shared transmission bandwidth of dual-polarized waves and also significantly improves the selective wave transmission performance of dual-polarized waves.
[0070] An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for designing an antenna cover, the method comprising: a unit structure 4 formed by arranging a plurality of metal parts of the same shape to form a structural layer 2; a second dielectric layer 3 is arranged at a position close to the protected antenna, and a first dielectric layer 1 is arranged at a position far away from the protected antenna; the structural layer 2 is arranged between the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3; wherein the unit structure 4 is configured to generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments that resonate in phase with the TE polarized wave, and a pair of magnetic dipole moments that resonate in anti-phase with the TM polarized wave.
[0071] In the above implementation process, the structural layer 2 is composed of a unit structure 4 formed by arranging a plurality of metal parts of the same shape to achieve a resonance effect on electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band. The unit structure 4 is repeated periodically in the structural layer 2, and together constitutes the special electromagnetic characteristics of the entire structural layer 2. The first dielectric layer 1 is set at a position far away from the protected antenna, and its main function is to perform preliminary dielectric regulation on the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the external space, such as changing the propagation speed, phase and other characteristics of the electromagnetic waves, and it can also play a certain mechanical protection role. The second dielectric layer 3 is set at a position close to the protected antenna, and its main function is to accurately match and optimize the electromagnetic waves radiated or received by the antenna, reduce the reflection loss of the electromagnetic waves at the dielectric interface, and improve the radiation efficiency and receiving sensitivity of the antenna. The structural layer 2 is located between the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 3, so that when the electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the external space to the antenna cover, they first undergo preliminary regulation by the first dielectric layer 1, then enter the structural layer 2 for precise polarization regulation, and finally match and optimize with the antenna through the second dielectric layer 3, giving full play to the advantages of each layer to achieve efficient regulation of electromagnetic waves. The unit structure 4 is configured to generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments of in-phase resonance for TE polarized waves, and a pair of magnetic dipole moments of anti-phase resonance for TM polarized waves. When the TE polarized wave is incident on the structural layer 2, the unit structure 4 will excite the magnetic dipole moment of the same phase, enhancing the transmission efficiency and radiation characteristics of the TE polarized wave inside the antenna cover. When the TM polarized wave is incident on the structural layer 2, the unit structure 4 will excite the anti-phase magnetic dipole moment, reducing the insertion loss and reflection coefficient of the TM polarized wave, so that the TM polarized wave can pass through the antenna cover more smoothly. This enables the antenna cover to significantly improve the antenna's processing capabilities and overall performance for waves with different polarizations while ensuring effective protection of the antenna.
[0072] In one embodiment of the present application, the metal part includes: a first metal patch 5 and a second metal patch 6; the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are both of the same bow-shaped structure; the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are arranged in the structural layer 2 in a mirror-symmetrical manner along the symmetry axis a; wherein the first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are configured to maintain a stable resonant response within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°, so that the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave is red-shifted, and the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave is blue-shifted. The first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are both of the axisymmetric structure; wherein the first metal patch 5 is axisymmetric along the first symmetry axis a1, and the second metal patch 6 is axisymmetric along the second symmetry axis a2; wherein the first symmetry axis a1 is orthogonal to the second symmetry axis a2. The first metal patch 5 and the second metal patch 6 are both of the same bow-shaped structure, so that the metal patches can generate specific electromagnetic responses under the excitation of electromagnetic waves.
[0073] In summary, the present application provides a radome. In the process of unit structure design, the bending miniaturization technology is used to improve the angular stability and introduce the magnetic dipole moment; then, a pair of bow-shaped metal bending patches with broken in-plane inversion symmetry are used to construct different resonant responses to TE / TM polarized waves. For the TE polarized wave, a pair of in-phase resonant magnetic dipole moments will be generated, causing the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave to redshift; for the TM polarized wave, a pair of anti-phase resonant magnetic dipole moments will be generated, causing the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave to blueshift; finally, the transmission phase shift introduced by the dielectric layer is combined to broaden the shared transmission band of the dual-polarized waves and reduce the insertion loss.
[0074] The above description is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.
[0075] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
[0076] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. The terms "include", "comprises" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "includes..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.
Claims
1. A radome, characterized in that: The radome comprises: a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a structural layer; The second dielectric layer is arranged close to the protected antenna, the first dielectric layer is arranged far away from the protected antenna, and the structural layer is located between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; The structural layer includes a unit structure formed by arranging a plurality of metal pieces of the same shape; wherein the unit structure is configured to generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments of in-phase resonance for TE polarized waves, and a pair of magnetic dipole moments of anti-phase resonance for TM polarized waves.
2. The radome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal piece includes: a first metal patch and a second metal patch; The first metal patch and the second metal patch are both of the same bow-shaped structure; the first metal patch and the second metal patch are arranged in the structural layer in a mirror-symmetrical manner along a symmetry axis a; The first metal patch and the second metal patch are configured to maintain a stable resonant response within an incident angle range of 0° to 70°, so that the resonant frequency of the TE polarized wave is red-shifted and the resonant frequency of the TM polarized wave is blue-shifted.
3. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first metal patch and the second metal patch include length directions, width directions and thickness directions that are orthogonal to each other; The thickness of the first metal patch and the second metal patch in the thickness direction ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 um; The lengths of the first metal patch and the second metal patch in the length direction range from 1.45 to 1.55 mm; The width of the first metal patch and the second metal patch in the width direction ranges from 0.65 to 0.75 mm.
4. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The unit structure includes: a first metal patch and a second metal patch; the lateral side lengths of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both integer multiples of the lateral period px of the unit structure; wherein the lateral period px of the unit structure has a value range of 2.35 to 4.35 mm; The longitudinal side lengths of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both integer multiples of the longitudinal period py of the unit structure; wherein the longitudinal period py of the unit structure has a value range of 1.45 to 3.45 mm; The transverse period px of the unit structure is 1.35 to 1.45 times the longitudinal period py; Among them, the longitudinal period of the unit structure is the length of a single first metal patch and its corresponding second metal patch combination in the direction of its mirror symmetry axis, and the transverse period of the unit structure is the length of a single first metal patch and its corresponding second metal patch combination in the direction orthogonal to the mirror symmetry axis.
5. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first metal patch and the second metal patch are both axisymmetric structures; Wherein, the first metal patch is axisymmetric along a first symmetry axis a1, and the second metal patch is axisymmetric along a second symmetry axis a2; The first symmetry axis a1 is orthogonal to the second symmetry axis a2.
6. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The first metal patch and the second metal patch each include: at least two first bending portions and a plurality of second bending portions; The first bending portion is located at both ends of the first metal patch and the second metal patch; through the first bending portion, the first metal patch and the second metal patch form two opposite first ends and a second end and a metal segment connecting the first end and the second end; The plurality of second bending portions are arranged in the metal segment, and the plurality of second bending portions bend the metal segment to form a plurality of mutually parallel first metal sections and a plurality of mutually parallel second metal sections; wherein any of the first metal sections and the second metal sections are orthogonal.
7. The radome according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, The length of the first end and the second end ranges from 0.25 to 0.55 mm; The length of the first metal joint has a value range of 0.45 to 0.75 mm; The second metal joint has a length range of 0.25 to 0.35 mm. The first end portion, the second end portion, the first metal joint, and the second metal joint have a value range in the width direction of 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
8. The radome according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The thickness h of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both in the range of 3 to 4 mm; Furthermore, the constituent materials of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer include materials having a relative dielectric constant ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 and a loss tangent ranging from 0.001 to 0.
01.
9. The radome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unit structures are evenly arranged in a plane between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer match the size of the structural layer.
10. A method for designing a radome, characterized in that: The method comprises: A unit structure formed by arranging a plurality of metal parts of the same shape constitutes a structural layer; A second dielectric layer is arranged at a position close to the antenna to be protected, and a first dielectric layer is arranged at a position far from the antenna to be protected; Setting the structural layer between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; The unit structure is configured to generate a pair of magnetic dipole moments of in-phase resonance for TE polarized waves, and a pair of magnetic dipole moments of anti-phase resonance for TM polarized waves.