A premix for breeding of litopenaeus vannamei boodocks and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a premix for Litopenaeus vannamei breeding and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fish feed. The present application improves the breeding performance of parent shrimp and the safety of shrimp fry through the synergistic matching of functional components and the directional slow-release technology. The premix contains key ingredients such as omega-3 fatty acids, astaxanthin, methyl farnesyl ester, vitamin E, zinc methionine, selenium methionine, etc. Among them, astaxanthin, methyl farnesyl ester and omega-3 fatty acids are released slowly through sodium alginate-chitosan microencapsulation treatment, and zinc methionine and selenium are loaded on montmorillonite to reduce the risk of heavy metal residues. And add lecithin, beta-glucan, taurine and other functional accessories to synergistically enhance the immune and anti-stress ability. The premix is mixed with the main feed at a ratio of 5-8%, which meets the needs of industrial feeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fish feed technology, and relates to a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most economically valuable species in global aquaculture, accounting for over 80% of the world's total shrimp production annually. It has become a significant industry in major producing regions such as China, Southeast Asia, and South America. With the widespread adoption of high-density aquaculture, seedling quality has become a key bottleneck restricting the industry's sustainable development. The gonadal development level, spawning quality, and larval resilience of broodstock directly determine the profitability of seedling production.

[0003] In existing technologies, the formulation design of broodstock premixes generally tends to prioritize growth over reproduction. For example, patent CN118303554A discloses an environmentally friendly formulated feed for Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock, comprising mixed raw materials, a mixed vitamin premix, and a mixed mineral premix, without dynamically adjusting nutrient supply according to the gonadal development stages of the broodstock. Patent CN116569996A discloses a feed additive for secondary egg-carrying of redclaw crayfish, its preparation method, and application, which adds 24.5-25.5% methylfarnesyl. Methylfarnesyl is an important endocrine regulator that promotes the reproduction of broodstock crayfish.

[0004] However, existing technologies still suffer from systemic defects: First, the single nature of core reproductive nutrients and the lack of a slow-release system matched to the gonadal development cycle lead to premature release of active ingredients in the intestines, resulting in insufficient continuous nutrient supply and excessive levels of methylfarnesyl ester residues, potentially impacting shrimp larvae growth. Furthermore, the direct addition of inorganic trace elements leads to excessive zinc ion concentrations in the water, inhibiting gill respiration in larvae. These defects create a bottleneck in improving broodstock reproductive performance, severely restricting seed production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock and its preparation method. By combining nutritional components and reproductive nutrients and subjecting them to slow-release treatment, the utilization rate is improved while reducing the impact of water pollution on shrimp larvae.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock comprises the following ingredients:

[0008] 400-450 parts by weight ω-3 fatty acids, 10-15 parts by weight astaxanthin, 8-12 parts by weight methylfarnesyl ester, 5-20 parts by weight zinc methionine, 0.5-1.0 parts by weight selenium methionine, 80-120 parts by weight lecithin, 25-40 parts by weight vitamin E, 30-50 parts by weight cholesterol, 30-50 parts by weight beta-glucan, 40-60 parts by weight arginine, 10-20 parts by weight bile acids, 15-25 parts by weight taurine, 20-30 parts by weight curcumin, 20-30 parts by weight betaine, 0.4-0.8 parts by weight bacitracin zinc premix, 5-8 parts by weight vitamin B6, 2-4 parts by weight folic acid.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fatty acids are subjected to sodium alginate-chitosan microencapsulation treatment, including the following steps:

[0010] A1. Mix astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fats, then add phospholipids, heat to 50-60℃, stir to dissolve, and form a homogeneous oil phase;

[0011] A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water to a concentration of 1-2%, and stir until transparent to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0012] A3. The oil phase is added dropwise to the aqueous phase, pre-emulsified by high-speed shearing (10,000 rpm, 5 min), and then homogenized under high pressure (50-100 MPa, 3 times) to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion.

[0013] A4. The nanoemulsion is sprayed into a 2-3% CaCl2 solution through a nozzle with a pore size of 0.5-1 mm to crosslink and form gel microspheres;

[0014] A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first chitosan membrane;

[0015] A6. Repeatedly impregnate with sodium alginate solution and chitosan solution, 3-5 times, to construct a multilayer membrane structure and enhance sustained-release performance;

[0016] A7. Wash the microcapsules with deionized water, freeze-dry them, and pass them through a 200-400 mesh sieve to control the particle size at 40-100 μm.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of phospholipid added in step A1 is 5-10 wt% of the oil phase.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase in step A3 is 1:3-5.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the chitosan solution in steps A5 and A6 is prepared by dissolving chitosan in 1% glacial acetic acid solution to make a solution with a concentration of 0.5-1%, and adjusting the pH to 5.0-5.5; the sodium alginate solution in step A6 has a concentration of 0.4-0.6%.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zinc methionine and selenium methionine are loaded onto montmorillonite, comprising the following steps:

[0021] B1. Place the montmorillonite powder in a muffle furnace and calcine at 400℃ for 2 hours to remove organic impurities and enhance porosity. Disperse it in 15-25 times its weight of deionized water and sonicate for 20-40 minutes to form a montmorillonite suspension.

[0022] B2. Mix zinc methionine solution and selenium methionine solution and add dropwise to the montmorillonite suspension. Stir at 50-70℃ for 3-5 hours to promote ion exchange and surface adsorption, and then sonicate for 15-25 minutes.

[0023] B3. Montmorillonite@methionine zinc and methionine selenium are obtained after washing and drying.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the montmorillonite in step B1 is food grade and has a particle size of 100-200 nm.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zinc methionine solution in step B2 is prepared as follows:

[0026] Zinc methionine was dissolved in deionized water to prepare a 50 mg / mL solution (based on zinc content), and the pH was adjusted to 6.0-7.0. The selenomethionine solution was prepared by dissolving selenomethionine in deionized water to prepare a 5 mg / mL solution (based on selenium content), and the pH was adjusted to 5.5-6.5.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the montmorillonite suspension, zinc methionine solution, and selenium methionine solution in step B2 is 1:5.

[0028] Furthermore, the preparation method of the premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is as follows: the lecithin, vitamin E, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, bacitracin zinc premix, vitamin B6, folic acid, microcapsules, and montmorillonite-loaded particles are mixed evenly to obtain the premix.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the pelleting method used in the process of making feed from the premix is ​​as follows: the premix and the main feed are put into a mixer in proportion and mixed at 20-25°C. The mixed material is then transferred into a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature is set to 30-40°C, and after the material is fluidized by starting the airflow, a 3-8% gum arabic solution is sprayed at a rate of 2-5 mL / min to make pellets.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the premixed feed for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is mixed with the main feed at a mass ratio of 5-8:100.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] (1) This regimen precisely selects and proportions key reproductive nutrients. Among them, ω-3 fatty acids provide essential phospholipids for gonadal cell membrane synthesis and synergistically enhance yolk nutrient density with lecithin; astaxanthin works synergistically with vitamin E and methionine selenium for antioxidant effects; methylfarnesyl ester, as a precursor of crustacean gonadal maturation hormones, works with cholesterol and zinc methionine to regulate steroid hormone synthesis and shorten the gonadal maturation cycle. In addition, β-glucan and arginine improve the immunity of broodstock shrimp and increase maturation rate. Through synergistic dosage and complementary metabolic pathways, the components systematically enhance reproductive performance.

[0033] (2) This invention solves the problems of rapid dissolution and water ingestion, rapid inactivation, and high residue of traditional premixed ingredients by using sodium alginate-chitosan microencapsulation and montmorillonite loading technology. The fat-soluble components astaxanthin, methylfarnesyl ester, and ω-3 fatty acids are encapsulated in a multilayer membrane structure, which improves the bioavailability of methylfarnesyl ester and reduces its residue. Zinc methionine and selenium are adsorbed by montmorillonite and slowly released in the intestine, ultimately achieving a synergistic effect of increased egg production, improved larval survival rate, and reduced malformation rate. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with embodiments, is provided below.

[0035] In the following examples and comparative examples, the main feed was purchased from Wudi Xingchang Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd., with a specification of 42% protein and 0.3mm.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock comprises the following ingredients:

[0038] 425 parts by weight of ω-3 fatty acids, 12 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 10 parts by weight of methylfarnesyl ester, 12 parts by weight of zinc methionine, 0.7 parts by weight of selenium methionine, 100 parts by weight of lecithin, 30 parts by weight of vitamin E, 40 parts by weight of cholesterol, 40 parts by weight of beta-glucan, 50 parts by weight of arginine, 15 parts by weight of bile acids, 20 parts by weight of taurine, 25 parts by weight of curcumin, 25 parts by weight of betaine, 0.6 parts by weight of bacitracin zinc premix, 7 parts by weight of vitamin B6, and 3 parts by weight of folic acid.

[0039] The astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fatty acids are microencapsulated using sodium alginate-chitosan, including the following steps:

[0040] A1. Mix astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fats, add phospholipids, heat to 55°C, stir to dissolve, and form a homogeneous oil phase.

[0041] A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water to a concentration of 1.5% and stir until transparent to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0042] A3. The oil phase is added dropwise to the aqueous phase, pre-emulsified by high-speed shearing (10,000 rpm, 5 min), and then homogenized under high pressure (80 MPa, 3 times) to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion.

[0043] A4. The nanoemulsion was sprayed into a 2.5% CaCl2 solution through a nozzle with a pore size of 0.8 mm to crosslink and form gel microspheres;

[0044] A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first chitosan membrane;

[0045] A6. Repeat the soaking in sodium alginate solution and chitosan solution, repeating 4 times, to enhance the sustained-release performance;

[0046] A7. Wash the microcapsules with deionized water, freeze-dry them, and pass them through a 300-mesh sieve to control the particle size to less than 50 μm.

[0047] The amount of phospholipid added in step A1 is 8 wt% of the oil phase.

[0048] The mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase in step A3 is 1:4.

[0049] The chitosan solution in steps A5 and A6 is prepared by dissolving chitosan in 1% glacial acetic acid solution to make a 0.8% solution and adjusting the pH to 5.2; the sodium alginate solution in step A6 has a concentration of 0.5%.

[0050] The loading of zinc methionine and selenium methionine onto montmorillonite includes the following steps:

[0051] B1. Place the montmorillonite powder in a muffle furnace and calcine at 400°C for 2 hours to remove organic impurities and enhance porosity. Disperse it in 20 times its mass of deionized water and sonicate for 30 minutes to form a montmorillonite suspension.

[0052] B2. Mix zinc methionine solution and selenium methionine solution and add dropwise to the montmorillonite suspension. Stir at 60°C for 4 hours to promote ion exchange and surface adsorption, and then sonicate for 20 minutes.

[0053] B3. Montmorillonite@methionine zinc and methionine selenium are obtained after washing and drying.

[0054] The montmorillonite mentioned in step B1 is food grade with a particle size of 100-200 nm.

[0055] The zinc methionine solution described in step B2 is prepared as follows:

[0056] Zinc methionine was dissolved in deionized water to prepare a 50 mg / mL solution (based on zinc content), and the pH was adjusted to 6.5. The selenomethionine solution was prepared by dissolving selenomethionine in deionized water to prepare a 5 mg / mL solution (based on selenium content), and adjusting the pH to 6.0.

[0057] The mass ratio of the montmorillonite suspension, zinc methionine solution, and selenium methionine solution in step B2 is 1:5.

[0058] The method for preparing a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is as follows: lecithin, vitamin E, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, bacitracin zinc premix, vitamin B6, folic acid, microcapsules, and montmorillonite-loaded particles are mixed evenly to obtain the premix.

[0059] The pelleting method used in the process of making the premix into feed is as follows: the premix and the main feed are put into a mixer in proportion and mixed at 22°C. The mixed material is then transferred into a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature is set to 35°C, and after the material is fluidized by starting the airflow, 5% gum arabic solution is sprayed at a rate of 3mL / min to make 2mm pellets.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the premixed feed for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is mixed with the main feed at a mass ratio of 6:100.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock comprises the following ingredients:

[0063] 400 parts by weight of omega-3 fatty acids, 10 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 8 parts by weight of methylfarnesyl ester, 5 parts by weight of zinc methionine, 0.5 parts by weight of selenium methionine, 80 parts by weight of lecithin, 25 parts by weight of vitamin E, 30 parts by weight of cholesterol, 30 parts by weight of beta-glucan, 40 parts by weight of arginine, 10 parts by weight of bile acids, 15 parts by weight of taurine, 20 parts by weight of curcumin, 20 parts by weight of betaine, 0.4 parts by weight of bacitracin zinc premix, 5 parts by weight of vitamin B6, and 2 parts by weight of folic acid.

[0064] The astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fatty acids are microencapsulated using sodium alginate-chitosan, including the following steps:

[0065] A1. Mix astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fats, then add phospholipids, heat to 50°C, stir to dissolve, and form a homogeneous oil phase.

[0066] A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water to a concentration of 1% and stir until transparent to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0067] A3. The oil phase is added dropwise to the aqueous phase, pre-emulsified by high-speed shearing (10,000 rpm, 5 min), and then homogenized under high pressure (50 MPa, 3 times) to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion.

[0068] A4. The nanoemulsion was sprayed into a 2% CaCl2 solution through a nozzle with a 0.5 mm aperture to crosslink and form gel microspheres;

[0069] A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first chitosan membrane;

[0070] A6. Repeat the soaking in sodium alginate solution and chitosan solution three times to enhance sustained-release performance;

[0071] A7. Wash the microcapsules with deionized water, freeze-dry them, and pass them through a 200-mesh sieve to control the particle size to less than 100μm.

[0072] The amount of phospholipid added in step A1 is 5 wt% of the oil phase.

[0073] The mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase in step A3 is 1:3.

[0074] The chitosan solution in steps A5 and A6 is prepared by dissolving chitosan in 1% glacial acetic acid solution to make a 0.5% solution and adjusting the pH to 5.0; the sodium alginate solution in step A6 has a concentration of 0.4%.

[0075] The loading of zinc methionine and selenium methionine onto montmorillonite includes the following steps:

[0076] B1. Place the montmorillonite powder in a muffle furnace and calcine at 400°C for 2 hours to remove organic impurities and enhance porosity. Disperse it in 15 times its mass of deionized water and sonicate for 20 minutes to form a montmorillonite suspension.

[0077] B2. Mix zinc methionine solution and selenium methionine solution and add dropwise to the montmorillonite suspension. Stir at 50°C for 3 hours to promote ion exchange and surface adsorption, and then sonicate for 15 minutes.

[0078] B3. Montmorillonite@methionine zinc and methionine selenium are obtained after washing and drying.

[0079] The montmorillonite mentioned in step B1 is food grade with a particle size of 100-200 nm.

[0080] The zinc methionine solution in step B2 is prepared by dissolving zinc methionine in deionized water to prepare a 50 mg / mL solution (based on zinc content) and adjusting the pH to 6.0; the selenium methionine solution is prepared by dissolving selenium methionine in deionized water to prepare a 5 mg / mL solution (based on selenium content) and adjusting the pH to 5.5.

[0081] The mass ratio of the montmorillonite suspension, zinc methionine solution, and selenium methionine solution in step B2 is 1:5.

[0082] The method for preparing a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is as follows: lecithin, vitamin E, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, bacitracin zinc premix, vitamin B6, folic acid, microcapsules, and montmorillonite-loaded particles are mixed evenly to obtain the premix.

[0083] The pelleting method used in the process of making the premix into feed is as follows: the premix and the main feed are put into a mixer in proportion and mixed at 22°C. The mixed material is then transferred into a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature is set to 35°C, and after the material is fluidized by starting the airflow, 5% gum arabic solution is sprayed at a rate of 3mL / min to make 2mm pellets.

[0084] The aforementioned premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is mixed with the main feed at a mass ratio of 5:100.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock comprises the following ingredients:

[0087] 450 parts by weight of omega-3 fatty acids, 15 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 12 parts by weight of methylfarnesyl ester, 20 parts by weight of zinc methionine, 1.0 part by weight of selenium methionine, 120 parts by weight of lecithin, 40 parts by weight of vitamin E, 50 parts by weight of cholesterol, 50 parts by weight of beta-glucan, 60 parts by weight of arginine, 20 parts by weight of bile acids, 25 parts by weight of taurine, 30 parts by weight of curcumin, 30 parts by weight of betaine, 0.8 parts by weight of bacitracin zinc premix, 8 parts by weight of vitamin B6, and 4 parts by weight of folic acid.

[0088] The astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fatty acids are microencapsulated using sodium alginate-chitosan, including the following steps:

[0089] A1. Mix astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fats, add phospholipids, heat to 60°C, stir to dissolve, and form a homogeneous oil phase;

[0090] A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water to a concentration of 2% and stir until transparent to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0091] A3. The oil phase is added dropwise to the aqueous phase, pre-emulsified by high-speed shearing (10,000 rpm, 5 min), and then homogenized under high pressure (100 MPa, 3 times) to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion.

[0092] A4. The nanoemulsion was sprayed into a 3% CaCl2 solution through a nozzle with a 1 mm aperture to crosslink and form gel microspheres;

[0093] A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first chitosan membrane;

[0094] A6. Repeat the soaking in sodium alginate solution and chitosan solution 5 times to enhance sustained-release performance;

[0095] A7. Wash the microcapsules with deionized water, freeze-dry them, and pass them through a 400-mesh sieve to control the particle size to less than 40μm.

[0096] The amount of phospholipid added in step A1 is 10 wt% of the oil phase.

[0097] The mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase in step A3 is 1:5.

[0098] The chitosan solution in steps A5 and A6 is prepared by dissolving chitosan in 1% glacial acetic acid solution to make a 1% solution and adjusting the pH to 5.5; the sodium alginate solution in step A6 has a concentration of 0.6%.

[0099] The loading of zinc methionine and selenium methionine onto montmorillonite includes the following steps:

[0100] B1. Place the montmorillonite powder in a muffle furnace and calcine at 400°C for 2 hours to remove organic impurities and enhance porosity. Disperse it in 25 times its mass of deionized water and sonicate for 40 minutes to form a montmorillonite suspension.

[0101] B2. Mix zinc methionine solution and selenium methionine solution and add dropwise to the montmorillonite suspension. Stir at 70°C for 5 hours to promote ion exchange and surface adsorption, and then sonicate for 25 minutes.

[0102] B3. Montmorillonite@methionine zinc and methionine selenium are obtained after washing and drying.

[0103] The montmorillonite mentioned in step B1 is food grade with a particle size of 100-200 nm.

[0104] The zinc methionine solution in step B2 is prepared by dissolving zinc methionine in deionized water to prepare a 50 mg / mL solution (based on zinc content) and adjusting the pH to 7.0; the selenium methionine solution is prepared by dissolving selenium methionine in deionized water to prepare a 5 mg / mL solution (based on selenium content) and adjusting the pH to 6.5.

[0105] The mass ratio of the montmorillonite suspension, zinc methionine solution, and selenium methionine solution in step B2 is 1:5.

[0106] The method for preparing a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is as follows: lecithin, vitamin E, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, bacitracin zinc premix, vitamin B6, folic acid, microcapsules, and montmorillonite-loaded particles are mixed evenly to obtain the premix.

[0107] The pelleting method used in the process of making the premix into feed is as follows: the premix and the main feed are put into a mixer in proportion and mixed at 22°C. The mixed material is then transferred into a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature is set to 35°C, and after the material is fluidized by starting the airflow, 5% gum arabic solution is sprayed at a rate of 3mL / min to make 2mm pellets.

[0108] The aforementioned premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is mixed with the main feed at a mass ratio of 8:100.

[0109] Comparative Example 1

[0110] Based on Example 1, without microencapsulating astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fatty acids, all raw materials were mixed to form a premix, and the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0111] Comparative Example 2

[0112] Based on Example 1, without loading zinc methionine and selenium methionine with montmorillonite, all raw materials were mixed to form a premix, and the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0113] Comparative Example 3

[0114] Based on Example 1, astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fatty acids were not microencapsulated, and zinc methionine and selenium methionine were not loaded with montmorillonite. All raw materials were mixed to form a premix, and the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0115] Comparative Example 4

[0116] Based on Example 1, lecithin was not added to the raw materials, the mass ratio of vitamin E was changed to 130 parts by weight, and the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0117] Comparative Example 5

[0118] Based on Example 1, vitamin E was not added to the raw materials, the amount of cholesterol added was changed to 70 parts by weight, and the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0119] Comparative Example 6

[0120] Based on Example 1, cholesterol was not added to the raw materials, the amount of lecithin added was changed to 140g, and the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0121] Comparative Example 7

[0122] Based on Example 1, taurine was not added to the raw materials, and the amount of curcumin added was changed to 45 parts by weight, while the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0123] Comparative Example 8

[0124] Based on Example 1, curcumin was not added to the raw materials, and the amount of betaine added was changed to 50 parts by weight, while the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0125] Comparative Example 9

[0126] Based on Example 1, betaine was not added to the raw materials, and the amount of taurine added was changed to 45 parts by weight, while the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0127] Comparative Example 10

[0128] Based on Example 1, vitamin B6 was not added to the raw materials, and the amount of folic acid added was changed to 10 parts by weight, while the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0129] Comparative Example 11

[0130] Based on Example 1, folic acid was not added to the raw materials, and the amount of vitamin B6 added was changed to 10 parts by weight, while the rest remained the same as in Example 1.

[0131] Performance testing:

[0132] Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp of the same batch, of uniform size, robust physique, and with immature ovaries were selected and cultured at a female-to-male ratio of 2:1. The broodstock shrimp were randomly divided into groups of 150 shrimp each, with three replicates. They were fed with the premixed feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-11, and a blank control group without premixed feed. The rearing conditions followed the DB37 / T450.1-2010 standard, with all other conditions kept consistent. The reproductive performance indicators of each broodstock shrimp were regularly observed and statistically analyzed, including spawning rate, egg production, hatching rate, and juvenile survival rate.

[0133] Spawning rate = (Number of shrimp that actually spawned / Total number of shrimp) × 100%

[0134] Egg production = Average egg production of female Litopenaeus vannamei

[0135] Hatching rate = (Average number of nauplii / Average number of eggs laid by the same parent shrimp) × 100%

[0136] Survival rate of baby shrimp = Baby shrimp that survive 14 days after hatching / Number of nauplii hatched from the same parent shrimp × 100%.

[0137]

[0138] The test results show that the core value of the sustained-release system is demonstrated through comparisons 1-3:

[0139] The absence of microencapsulation may lead to a decrease in the utilization rate of methylfarnese in broodstock shrimp, resulting in a decrease in egg production. The absence of montmorillonite loading may lead to excessively high zinc ion concentration, resulting in a significant decrease in the survival rate of larvae. The performance of the double-deficient group is close to that of the blank group.

[0140] The synergistic effect of functional components is shown through comparative examples 4-9:

[0141] The absence of lecithin (Comparative Example 4) and cholesterol (Comparative Example 6) had the greatest impact on reproductive performance, verifying their necessity as the core of lipid metabolism.

[0142] Vitamin E deficiency (Comparative Example 5) leads to a chain reaction of oxidative damage, resulting in a sharp decrease in hatchability.

[0143] Comparative Examples 7-11 show that taurine and curcumin (Comparative Examples 7 / 8) and betaine and taurine (Comparative Example 9) have functional compensation, but cannot completely replace each other;

[0144] The over-addition of vitamin B6 and folic acid (complementary ratio 10 / 11) can partially compensate for metabolic defects, but is still lower than the optimal group.

[0145] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any indirect modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock, characterized in that: It contains the following ingredients: 400-450 parts by weight of ω-3 fatty acids, 10-15 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 8-12 parts by weight of methylfarnesyl ester, 5-20 parts by weight of zinc methionine, and 0.5-1.0 parts by weight of selenium methionine; The astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fatty acids are microencapsulated using sodium alginate-chitosan; the zinc methionine and selenium methionine are loaded onto montmorillonite. The pelleting method used in the process of making the premix into feed is as follows: The premixed material is added to the mixer in proportion and mixed at 20-25℃. The mixed material is then transferred to the fluidized bed, and the inlet air temperature is set to 30-40℃. After the material is fluidized by starting the airflow, 3-8% gum arabic solution is sprayed at a rate of 2-5mL / min to form granules. The microencapsulation preparation step is as follows: A1. Mix astaxanthin, methylfarnes ester, and ω-3 fatty acids, then add phospholipids to prepare the oil phase; A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water to obtain an aqueous phase; A3. Add the oil phase obtained in step A1 to the aqueous phase obtained in A2, and form an emulsion by homogenization; A4. The emulsion obtained in step A3 is added to the CaCl2 solution through a nozzle to crosslink and form gel microspheres; A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first chitosan membrane; A6. Repeatedly impregnate the microspheres prepared in A5 with sodium alginate solution and chitosan solution, repeating 3-5 times to construct a multilayer membrane structure; The load preparation step is as follows: B1. Montmorillonite powder is calcined and then dispersed in deionized water to form a montmorillonite suspension. B2. The zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution are mixed and added dropwise to the montmorillonite suspension for ion exchange and surface adsorption.

2. The premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of DHA to EPA in the ω-3 fatty acids is 1.5-2.5:

1.

3. The premixed feed for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of phospholipid added in step A1 is 5-10 wt% of the oil phase.

4. The premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of sodium alginate in the aqueous phase in step A2 is 1-2%; the concentration of CaCl2 solution in step A4 is 2-3%.

5. The premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chitosan solution concentration in steps A5 and A6 is 0.5-1%, and the pH is adjusted to 5.0-5.5 with glacial acetic acid; the sodium alginate solution concentration in step A6 is 0.4-0.6%.

6. The premixed feed for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials also include: 80-120 parts by weight of lecithin, 25-40 parts by weight of vitamin E, 30-50 parts by weight of cholesterol, 30-50 parts by weight of beta-glucan, 40-60 parts by weight of arginine, 10-20 parts by weight of bile acids, 15-25 parts by weight of taurine, 20-30 parts by weight of curcumin, 20-30 parts by weight of betaine, 0.4-0.8 parts by weight of bacitracin zinc premix, 5-8 parts by weight of vitamin B6, and 2-4 parts by weight of folic acid.

7. The method for preparing a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lecithin, vitamin E, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, bacitracin zinc premix, vitamin B6, folic acid, microcapsules, and montmorillonite-loaded particles are mixed evenly to obtain the final product.

8. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The premixed feed is mixed with the main feed at a mass ratio of 5-8:100.

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