A subway station track top air duct structure and connecting method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of subway station ventilation, and discloses a subway station track-top air duct structure, including multiple sets of air duct mechanisms distributed throughout the subway station. Ventilation opening 1 and ventilation opening 2 are installed on the subway station ceiling. The air duct mechanism includes a main ventilation duct, with a traction component at one end and an air guide at the other end. A filter component is installed on one side of the main ventilation duct, and a switching valve assembly is installed at the connection between the two. The traction component is connected to ventilation opening 1, and the air outlet of the filter component is connected to ventilation opening 2. In this solution, the integrated design of the filter component, the main ventilation duct, and the traction component not only achieves air purification or fresh air exchange within the subway station, but also enables backwashing and self-cleaning of the filter element, improves the efficiency of fresh air exchange, and allows fresh air entering the subway station to be distributed more quickly to various locations within the subway station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit, specifically to the field of subway station ventilation, and more specifically to a subway station track-top ventilation duct structure and connection method. Background Technology

[0002] The track-top ventilation duct, also known as the train-top exhaust duct, is an important internal structural component of the subway station ventilation system. It is suspended at the junction of the station's central slab and the structural side walls. The main functions of the track-top ventilation duct include heat exhaust from the train roof, air purification, and ventilation within the subway station. Therefore, it must at least include functions such as exhausting existing air from the subway station to the outside and introducing fresh outside air into the subway station, as well as internal air circulation and purification. Consequently, it must include at least an air purification structure and a fresh air intake structure; the former is used for air purification, and the latter for air exhaust and intake. However, this also brings some shortcomings, for example… For example, the number of pipes is large and the structure is relatively complex; air purification in subway stations mainly filters dust and droplets, generally using filter screen technology. Subway stations are large areas, and after a period of use, the filter screen pores are easily clogged, so the filter screen needs to be cleaned frequently, which is quite troublesome; the purpose of the fresh air structure is to make the air in the subway station circulate and introduce fresh air. However, in the existing fresh air technology, the positions of the air exhaust end and the air inlet end are generally fixed, which is not conducive to quickly making the air in the subway station circulate, and not conducive to the rapid distribution of fresh air to various areas of the subway station.

[0003] Based on the above, the present invention proposes a structure and connection method for a subway station track top ventilation duct. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems mentioned in the background above, the present invention provides a subway station track top ventilation duct structure.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.

[0006] A subway station track-top ventilation duct structure includes multiple sets of ventilation duct mechanisms distributed throughout the subway station. The ventilation duct mechanisms are located above the subway station ceiling. Ventilation opening 1 and ventilation opening 2 are provided on the subway station ceiling. The ventilation duct mechanism includes a main ventilation duct. A traction component is provided at one end of the main ventilation duct, and an air guide head is provided at the other end of the main ventilation duct. A filter component is provided on one side of the main ventilation duct, and a switching valve group is provided at the connection between the two. The traction component is connected to ventilation opening 1, and the air outlet end of the filter component is connected to ventilation opening 2.

[0007] The traction assembly is configured to switch between exhaust and intake states. When in exhaust state, the traction assembly draws air from the subway station through the ventilation opening. When in intake state, the traction assembly draws air from the main ventilation duct.

[0008] The switching valve assembly switches between three states: blocked state one, blocked state two, and open state. In blocked state one, the connection between the filter assembly and the main ventilation duct is blocked by the switching valve assembly. In blocked state two, the main ventilation duct is blocked by the switching valve assembly, and the blocking position is located on the side of the connection between the filter assembly and the main ventilation duct facing the air guide. In the open state, the switching valve assembly does not block the main ventilation duct or the connection between the filter assembly and the main ventilation duct.

[0009] Furthermore, the main ventilation duct is fitted with an outer sleeve, and the outer circular surface of the outer sleeve is provided with a side nozzle, which is connected to the air inlet end of the filter assembly. The outer circular surface of the main ventilation duct is provided with a connection hole that communicates with the outer sleeve, and multiple connection holes are arranged in an array along the circumference of the main ventilation duct.

[0010] Furthermore, a frustum-shaped shoulder is provided inside the main ventilation duct. The diameter of the shoulder increases along the axis of the main ventilation duct and from the ventilation opening towards the air guide. The shoulder is located on the side of the connection hole facing the air guide.

[0011] The switching valve assembly includes a valve sleeve fitted inside the main ventilation duct. When the valve sleeve moves, it can block or open the connection hole.

[0012] The switching valve assembly also includes a valve core. The portion of the main ventilation duct located on the shoulder facing the traction component can be blocked by the valve core, while the portion of the main ventilation duct located on the shoulder facing the air guide cannot be blocked by the valve core.

[0013] The switching valve assembly also includes a linear module for driving the valve core to move along the axis of the main ventilation duct and a connecting rod for connecting the valve core to the valve sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the valve core is designed as a frustum outer surface, and the diameter of the frustum outer surface increases along the axis of the main ventilation duct and from the ventilation opening towards the air guide head. The connection hole is close to the shaft shoulder, and the valve core can block the shaft shoulder.

[0015] Furthermore, the linear module includes an inner support set inside the main ventilation duct. The inner support is provided with a guide rod and a lead screw parallel to the axis of the main ventilation duct. The guide rod and the valve core are slidably connected. The lead screw and the drive motor set on the inner support are power connected. The lead screw and the valve core are threadedly connected.

[0016] Furthermore, the filter assembly includes a filter housing, the open end of which is connected to the second vent, a connecting pipe is provided on the outer surface of the filter housing, a side nozzle is connected to the connecting pipe, and a filter element is provided inside the filter housing through a connector. Air entering the filter housing through the connecting pipe passes through the filter element and then enters the subway station through the second vent.

[0017] Furthermore, the connector includes a connecting sleeve made of rubber or silicone and disposed between the outer surface of the filter element and the cavity wall of the filter housing, and a vibrator is provided on the filter element.

[0018] Furthermore, an ultraviolet lamp is installed inside the filter housing.

[0019] Furthermore, the traction assembly includes an outer spherical shell and an inner spherical shell;

[0020] The outer shell is a hollow sphere. There are two external connecting nozzles on the outer surface of the outer shell. One external connecting nozzle is connected to the main ventilation duct, and the other external connecting nozzle is connected to the ventilation opening.

[0021] The inner spherical shell is a hollow sphere. The inner spherical shell is rotatably installed inside the outer spherical shell, and the axis of rotation formed at the rotatable installation point intersects the center of the inner or outer spherical shell. The outer surface of the inner spherical shell is in contact with the inner surface of the outer spherical shell. The outer surface of the inner spherical shell has an inner hole. There are two inner holes, and the axis of the two inner holes coincides. The two inner holes can communicate with two outer connecting nozzles respectively.

[0022] The outer surface of the outer spherical shell is equipped with a rotary motor for driving the shaft to rotate.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0024] This solution simplifies the structure of the rail-top air duct and enables it to operate in three modes: exhaust mode, intake mode, and purification mode.

[0025] In exhaust mode, the air inside the subway station is exhausted to the outside through ventilation opening 1, the main ventilation duct, and the air guide head. During this process: on the one hand, based on Bernoulli's principle, the air in the filter assembly backwashes the filter element, cleaning it and carrying away dust and other impurities. The dust and other impurities are carried out to the outside after flowing into the air in the main ventilation duct, thus achieving automatic cleaning of the filter assembly. On the other hand, when the traction assembly draws air from the subway station, the air closer to ventilation opening 1 experiences a greater traction force, while the air farther from ventilation opening 1 experiences a smaller traction force. Therefore, the farther part of the air will pass through ventilation opening 2 on its way to ventilation opening 1, and thus directly pass through the filter assembly. After backwashing the filter element, it will flow into the air in the main ventilation duct, which can further increase the range of air drawn by the traction assembly in exhaust mode, thereby improving exhaust efficiency.

[0026] In the intake mode, fresh outside air enters the subway station through the air guide, main ventilation duct, and vent. Since the vent can both exhaust air to the outside and inject air into the subway station, some of the multiple air duct mechanisms can be in exhaust mode and some in intake mode. This allows the air to flow faster in the subway station, improving the ventilation efficiency and enabling the injected fresh air to be distributed more quickly to various locations in the subway station.

[0027] In purification mode, the air in the subway station flows into the filter assembly through ventilation opening one, the main ventilation duct, and the connection hole. After being filtered and purified, it returns to the subway station through ventilation opening two, thus achieving internal air circulation purification.

[0028] In summary, the integrated design of the filter components, main ventilation ducts, and traction components in this solution not only enables air purification or fresh air exchange within the subway station, but also allows for backwashing and self-cleaning of the filter elements, improves the efficiency of fresh air exchange, and facilitates faster distribution of fresh air throughout the subway station. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the invention in exhaust mode;

[0031] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the present invention in purification mode;

[0032] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the invention in intake mode;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the filter component;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the traction assembly;

[0035] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the traction assembly;

[0036] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the main ventilation duct and switching valve assembly;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the air guide head.

[0038] The labels in the attached diagram are:

[0039] 100. Main ventilation duct; 1001. Outer casing; 1002. Side nozzle; 1003. Connecting hole; 101. Traction assembly; 1011. Outer spherical shell; 1012. Outer connecting nozzle; 1013. Inner spherical shell; 1014. Inner connecting nozzle; 1015. Fan; 1016. Rotary motor; 102. Air guide head; 1021. Air vent; 1022. Fan blade; 1023. Cover screen; 103. Filter assembly; 1031. Filter housing; 1032. Connecting duct; 1033. Filter element; 1034. Connector; 1035. Vibrator; 1036. Ultraviolet lamp; 104. Switching valve assembly; 1041. Linear module; 1042. Valve core; 1043. Valve sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0041] Reference Figures 1-9 A subway station track top ventilation structure includes multiple sets of ventilation mechanisms distributed throughout the subway station. The distribution depends on the actual building conditions of the subway station and will not be elaborated here.

[0042] The ventilation system is located above the subway station ceiling, which has two ventilation openings named Ventilation Opening One and Ventilation Opening Two.

[0043] The duct system includes a main ventilation duct 100, a traction assembly 101 at one end of the main ventilation duct 100, a guide head 102 at the other end of the main ventilation duct 100, a filter assembly 103 on one side of the main ventilation duct 100, and a switching valve assembly 104 at the connection between the two.

[0044] The traction assembly 101 is connected to the first vent, and the filter assembly 103 is connected to the second vent.

[0045] The traction component 101 is configured to switch between exhaust and intake states. In exhaust state, the traction component 101 draws air from the subway station through the ventilation opening. In intake state, the traction component 101 draws air from the main ventilation duct 100. Therefore, this track-top air duct has three modes: exhaust mode, intake mode, and purification mode. Specifically:

[0046] Exhaust Mode: Switching valve group 104 opens the connection between the main ventilation duct 100 and the filter assembly 103, and the traction assembly 101 is in exhaust mode. At this time, the air in the subway station is exhausted to the outside through ventilation opening 1, the main ventilation duct 100, and the air guide head 102. During this process: On the one hand, based on Bernoulli's principle, the air in the filter assembly 103 backwashes the filter element 1033, cleaning the filter element 1033 and carrying away dust and other impurities. After the dust and other impurities flow into the air in the main ventilation duct 100, they are carried out to the outside, thus achieving the goal of cleaning the air in the main ventilation duct 100. The automatic cleaning of the filter assembly 103, on the other hand, when the traction assembly 101 draws air from the subway station, the air near the ventilation opening 1 is subject to a greater traction force, while the air far from the ventilation opening 1 is subject to a smaller traction force. Therefore, the air that is far away will pass through the ventilation opening 2 as it flows towards the ventilation opening 1. Thus, it will directly pass through the filter assembly 103, backwash the filter element 1033, and then flow into the air flow in the main ventilation duct 100. This can further increase the range of air drawn by the traction assembly 101 in the exhaust mode, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency.

[0047] Air intake mode: The switching valve group 104 blocks the connection between the main ventilation duct 100 and the filter component 103, and the traction component 101 is in the air intake state. At this time, fresh air from the outside enters the subway station through the air guide head 102, the main ventilation duct 100 and the ventilation opening 1. Since the ventilation opening 1 of this solution can both exhaust air to the outside and inject air into the subway station, some of the multiple air duct mechanisms can be in exhaust mode and some in intake mode, which can make the air flow in the subway station faster, improve the ventilation efficiency in the subway station, and the injected fresh air can be distributed to various locations in the subway station more quickly.

[0048] Purification mode: Switch valve group 104 opens the connection between the main ventilation duct 100 and the filter assembly 103 and blocks the main ventilation duct 100. At this time, ventilation port 1 and ventilation port 2 are connected, and ventilation port 1 and the air guide head 102 are not connected. The traction assembly 101 is in the exhaust state. At this time, the air in the subway station flows into the filter assembly 103 through ventilation port 1, the main ventilation duct 100 and the connection hole 1003. After being filtered and purified, it returns to the subway station through ventilation port 2 to achieve internal circulation air purification.

[0049] Specifically, refer to Figure 8The ventilation main duct 100 is fitted with an outer sleeve 1001. The outer circular surface of the outer sleeve 1001 is provided with a side nozzle 1002, which is connected to the air inlet end of the filter assembly 103. The outer circular surface of the ventilation main duct 100 is provided with a connection hole 1003 that communicates with the outer sleeve 1001. Multiple connection holes 1003 are arranged in an array along the circumference of the ventilation main duct 100. By blocking or opening the connection holes 1003, the filter assembly 103 and the ventilation main duct 100 can be blocked or connected.

[0050] The ventilation main duct 100 is provided with a shoulder in the shape of a frustum. The diameter of the shoulder increases along the axis of the ventilation main duct 100 and from the ventilation opening to the air guide head 102. The shoulder is located on the side of the connection hole 1003 facing the air guide head 102.

[0051] The switching valve assembly 104 includes a valve sleeve 1043 fitted inside the main ventilation duct 100. When the valve sleeve 1043 moves along the axis, it can block or open the connection hole 1003.

[0052] The switching valve assembly 104 also includes a valve core 1042. The portion of the main ventilation duct 100 located on the shoulder facing the traction assembly 101 can be blocked by the valve core 1042, while the portion of the main ventilation duct 100 located on the shoulder facing the guide vane 102 cannot be blocked by the valve core 1042.

[0053] The switching valve assembly 104 also includes a linear module 1041 for driving the valve core 1042 to move along the axis of the ventilation main duct 100, and a connecting rod for connecting the valve core 1042 and the valve sleeve 1043. Thus, by driving the valve core 1042 and the valve sleeve 1043 to move through the linear module 1041, only the connecting hole 1003 can be blocked, or only the part of the ventilation main duct 100 located on the shoulder facing the traction assembly 101 can be blocked, or neither the connecting hole 1003 nor the ventilation main duct 100 can be blocked. These three situations correspond to the air intake mode, the purification mode, and the exhaust mode, respectively.

[0054] Furthermore, the linear module 1041 includes an inner support installed inside the main ventilation duct 100. The inner support is provided with a guide rod and a lead screw parallel to the axis of the main ventilation duct 100. The guide rod is slidably connected to the valve core 1042, and the lead screw is poweredly connected to a drive motor installed on the inner support. The lead screw is threadedly connected to the valve core 1042. Therefore, by driving the lead screw to rotate through the drive motor, the valve core 1042 can be driven to move along the axis of the main ventilation duct 100. The movement of the valve core 1042 will cause the valve sleeve 1043 to move together.

[0055] Preferably, the bottom of the valve core 1042 is shaped like the outer surface of a frustum, and the diameter of the outer surface of the frustum increases along the axis of the main ventilation duct 100 and from the vent to the air guide head 102. The connecting hole 1003 is close to the shoulder. The significance of this is that, in the exhaust mode, the valve core 1042 can be close to the shoulder, and the distance between the two is small. Therefore, the air velocity between the valve core 1042 and the shoulder is faster. Based on Bernoulli's principle, the effect of traction on the air flow in the filter assembly 103 is better. In the purification mode, the valve core 1042 blocks the shoulder, thereby blocking the part of the main ventilation duct 100 located on the side of the shoulder facing the traction assembly 101. This preferred method is not shown in the figure.

[0056] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 8 The filter assembly 103 includes a filter housing 1031, the open end of which is connected to a second vent, and a connecting pipe 1032 is provided on the outer surface of the filter housing 1031. The side nozzle 1002 is connected to the connecting pipe 1032.

[0057] A filter element 1033 is installed inside the filter housing 1031 via a connector 1034. Air entering the filter housing 1031 through the connecting pipe 1032 passes through the filter element 1033 and then enters the subway station through the ventilation opening 2.

[0058] Preferably, the connector 1034 includes a connecting sleeve made of a soft material such as rubber or silicone and disposed between the outer surface of the filter element 1033 and the cavity wall of the filter housing 1031. The filter element 1033 is provided with a vibrator 1035, the purpose of which is that, in the exhaust mode, the vibrator 1035 is activated to vibrate the filter element 1033, making it easier for dust to be removed from the filter element 1033 and improving the cleaning effect of the filter element 1033.

[0059] Preferably, an ultraviolet lamp 1036 is also provided inside the filter housing 1031. The purpose of this is that there are many people in the subway station, and droplets will splash around when they breathe. The ultraviolet lamp 1036 can achieve disinfection and sterilization, preventing the presence of germs in the subway station.

[0060] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The traction assembly 101 includes an outer spherical shell 1011 and an inner spherical shell 1013.

[0061] The outer spherical shell 1011 is composed of two hemispherical shells and has an overall hollow spherical shape. The outer surface of the outer spherical shell 1011 is provided with an external connecting nozzle 1012. There are two external connecting nozzles 1012 and they are located on the same straight line. One external connecting nozzle 1012 is connected to the main ventilation duct 100, and the other external connecting nozzle 1012 is connected to the ventilation opening.

[0062] The inner spherical shell 1013 is also in the shape of a hollow sphere. The inner spherical shell 1013 is rotatably installed inside the outer spherical shell 1011, and the axis of rotation formed at the rotatable installation point intersects with the center of the inner spherical shell 1013 or the outer spherical shell 1011. The outer surface of the inner spherical shell 1013 is in contact with the inner surface of the outer spherical shell 1011. The outer surface of the inner spherical shell 1013 is provided with an inner hole. There are two inner holes, and the axis of the two inner holes coincides. An inner connecting nozzle 1014 is provided at the opening of each inner hole.

[0063] A rotary motor 1016 is provided on the outer surface of the outer spherical shell 1011 to drive the rotating shaft to rotate. Initially, the two inner connecting nozzles 1014 are connected to the two outer connecting nozzles 1012 respectively. When the rotating shaft rotates 180 degrees, the two inner connecting nozzles 1014 exchange positions, and the fan 1015 provided in the inner spherical shell 1013 also rotates 180 degrees. Therefore, the direction of airflow pulled by the fan 1015 also changes. That is, by driving the rotating shaft to rotate, the state of the traction component 101 can be switched. It should be noted that since the fan 1015 needs to rotate, the rotating shaft has a hollow shaft structure and a conductive connector is sleeved inside. A clearance channel is provided between the outer spherical shell 1011 and the inner spherical shell 1013 to avoid the wire connection between the conductive connector and the fan 1015. The end of the conductive connector is electrically connected to the power supply through a through-hole slip ring.

[0064] Preferred, refer to Figure 9 The outer circular surface of the air guide head 102 is provided with air holes 1021, and several air holes 1021 are arranged in an array along the circumference of the air guide head 102. A fan blade 1022 is provided inside the air guide head 102, and a cover net 1023 is provided on the outside of the air guide head 102. The purpose of the cover net is that, in the exhaust mode, the air flow will drive the fan blade 1022 to rotate. Therefore, under the guidance of the fan blade 1022, the exhaust air can flow in all directions through the several air holes 1021 arranged in an array along the circumference, so the exhaust range is relatively wide. Otherwise, the air guide head 102 would just be a pipe shape, and the exhaust air would easily accumulate near the air guide head 102, which would not be conducive to exhaust. Similarly, in the intake mode, it can draw the surrounding air into the air guide head 102. The cover net 1023 is provided to prevent leaves, branches and other objects from entering the air guide head 102.

[0065] The installation steps of the rail-top air duct structure also need to be briefly described in this invention, as follows:

[0066] S1: Based on the size and location of the platform screen doors and exhaust vents in the subway station area, the prefabricated hanging wall and prefabricated air duct panels are divided and arranged in sections, and reserved space is reserved on the side walls and ceiling for the installation of the track top air duct structure of this application.

[0067] S2: Construct the building structure such as ceiling and side walls. During the construction process, install the track top ventilation duct structure of this application in the reserved space and adjust the distribution of multiple ventilation duct mechanisms of the track top ventilation duct structure according to the actual building conditions of the subway station.

[0068] S3: During construction, grouting holes are reserved in prefabricated hanging walls, side walls, ceilings and other building structures. For example, grouting is performed from the bottom through the grouting holes reserved in the prefabricated hanging walls to form a shear-resistant grouting body. Epoxy mortar is applied to the surface of the relevant fasteners and connecting plates to meet the requirements for waterproofing and corrosion prevention.

[0069] S4: After construction, the assembly gaps between the various components are sealed with grout.

[0070] It should be noted that the above connection method involves assembling the top air duct structure of this rail within the subway station building. This is a technology that can be obtained by those skilled in the art and is not the core of this application. The above steps are intended to illustrate the specific installation and application scenarios and will not be elaborated further.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A subway station track ceiling air duct structure comprising a plurality of air duct units distributed throughout a subway station, the air duct units being disposed above a ceiling of the subway station, characterized in that, Ventilation opening 1 and ventilation opening 2 are provided on the ceiling of the subway station. The air duct mechanism includes a main ventilation duct (100), a traction component (101) is provided at one end of the main ventilation duct (100), a guide head (102) is provided at the other end of the main ventilation duct (100), a filter component (103) is provided on one side of the main ventilation duct (100), and a switching valve group (104) is provided at the connection between the two. The traction component (101) is connected to ventilation opening 1, and the air outlet end of the filter component (103) is connected to ventilation opening 2. The traction assembly (101) is configured to switch between exhaust and intake states. When in exhaust state, the traction assembly (101) draws air from the subway station through the ventilation port. When in intake state, the traction assembly (101) draws air from the main ventilation duct (100). The switching valve assembly (104) is set to switch between a blocked state one, a blocked state two, and an open state. When it is in a blocked state one, the connection between the filter assembly (103) and the main ventilation duct (100) is blocked by the switching valve assembly (104). When it is in a blocked state two, the main ventilation duct (100) is blocked by the switching valve assembly (104), and the blocking position is located on the side of the connection between the filter assembly (103) and the main ventilation duct (100) facing the air guide head (102). When it is in an open state, the switching valve assembly (104) does not block the main ventilation duct (100) or the connection between the filter assembly (103) and the main ventilation duct (100).

2. The subway station track-top ventilation duct structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation main duct (100) is fitted with an outer sleeve (1001). The outer circular surface of the outer sleeve (1001) is provided with a side nozzle (1002). The side nozzle (1002) is connected to the air inlet end of the filter assembly (103). The outer circular surface of the ventilation main duct (100) is provided with a connection hole (1003) that communicates with the outer sleeve (1001). Multiple connection holes (1003) are arranged in an array along the circumference of the ventilation main duct (100).

3. A subway station track-top ventilation duct structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ventilation main duct (100) is provided with a shoulder in the shape of a frustum. The diameter of the shoulder increases along the axis of the ventilation main duct (100) and from the ventilation opening to the air guide (102). The shoulder is located on the side of the connection hole (1003) facing the air guide (102). The switching valve assembly (104) includes a valve sleeve (1043) fitted inside the main ventilation duct (100). When the valve sleeve (1043) moves, it can block or open the connection hole (1003). The switching valve assembly (104) also includes a valve core (1042), the portion of the main ventilation duct (100) located on the shoulder facing the traction assembly (101) can be blocked by the valve core (1042), and the portion of the main ventilation duct (100) located on the shoulder facing the guide vane (102) cannot be blocked by the valve core (1042); The switching valve assembly (104) also includes a linear module (1041) for driving the valve core (1042) to move along the axis of the main ventilation duct (100) and a connecting rod for connecting the valve core (1042) to the valve sleeve (1043).

4. A subway station track-top ventilation duct structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the valve core (1042) is set in the shape of a frustum outer circle, and the diameter of the frustum outer circle increases along the axis of the main ventilation duct (100) and from the ventilation opening to the air guide head (102). The connecting hole (1003) is close to the shoulder, and the valve core (1042) can block the shoulder.

5. A subway station track-top ventilation duct structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The linear module (1041) includes an inner support set inside the main ventilation duct (100). The inner support is provided with a guide rod and a lead screw parallel to the axis of the main ventilation duct (100). The guide rod and the valve core (1042) are slidably connected. The lead screw and the drive motor set on the inner support are poweredly connected. The lead screw and the valve core (1042) are threadedly connected.

6. A subway station track-top ventilation duct structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filter assembly (103) includes a filter housing (1031), the open end of which is connected to the second vent. A connecting pipe (1032) is provided on the outer surface of the filter housing (1031), and a side nozzle (1002) is connected to the connecting pipe (1032). A filter element (1033) is provided inside the filter housing (1031) through a connector (1034). Air entering the filter housing (1031) through the connecting pipe (1032) passes through the filter element (1033) and then enters the subway station through the second vent.

7. A subway station track-top ventilation duct structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connector (1034) includes a connecting sleeve made of rubber or silicone and disposed between the outer surface of the filter element (1033) and the cavity wall of the filter housing (1031), and a vibrator (1035) is disposed on the filter element (1033).

8. A subway station track-top ventilation duct structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, An ultraviolet lamp (1036) is installed inside the filter housing (1031).

9. A subway station track-top ventilation duct structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The traction assembly (101) includes an outer spherical shell (1011) and an inner spherical shell (1013). The outer shell (1011) is a hollow sphere. The outer surface of the outer shell (1011) is provided with an external connecting nozzle (1012). There are two external connecting nozzles (1012) and they are located on the same straight line. One external connecting nozzle (1012) is connected to the main ventilation duct (100), and the other external connecting nozzle (1012) is connected to the ventilation opening. The inner spherical shell (1013) is a hollow sphere. The inner spherical shell (1013) is rotatably installed inside the outer spherical shell (1011), and the axis of rotation formed at the rotatable installation point intersects the center of the inner spherical shell (1013) or the outer spherical shell (1011). The outer surface of the inner spherical shell (1013) is in contact with the inner surface of the outer spherical shell (1011). The outer surface of the inner spherical shell (1013) is provided with an inner hole. There are two inner holes, and the axis of the two inner holes coincides. The two inner holes can communicate with the two outer connecting nozzles (1012) respectively. The outer surface of the outer spherical shell (1011) is provided with a rotary motor (1016) for driving the rotating shaft to rotate.

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