An underwater rock blasting device and method for channel excavation

Abstract

This application discloses an underwater rock blasting device and method for waterway excavation. The underwater rock blasting device is deployed in an underwater borehole, located below the explosive charge. It includes a shell, within which a reflector is installed. The reflector has a reflective surface for reflecting downward blast waves in all directions. An air cushion area is provided between the reflector and the top of the shell. The shell is capable of breaking under the explosion of the explosive charge. By adopting the above technical solution, by deploying the shell below the explosive charge in the underwater borehole, when the explosive charge detonates, the shell breaks under the impact of the explosion. The shock wave from the explosive charge continues downward and impacts the reflective surface of the reflector. The reflective surface prevents the shock wave from continuing downward and reflects it in all directions, thereby preventing the borehole depth from exceeding the design depth excessively after the explosion. Simultaneously, the reflection of the shock wave in all directions increases the horizontal blast range of the explosive charge, further saving explosive consumption and reducing safety hazards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of blasting devices, and in particular to an underwater rock blasting device and method for waterway excavation. Background Technology

[0002] Underwater drilling and blasting is a widely used blasting operation method, which is widely used in port construction, waterway dredging, demolition and clearing of underwater buildings and structures.

[0003] However, since the blasting range is difficult to control precisely, over-excavation is often used. The hole depth is greater than the design depth, and the amount of explosives is also greater than the design amount, in order to ensure that the blasting range is not less than the design required range. In the end, the depth after the blast is much greater than the design depth.

[0004] However, this method increases the time required for drilling, wastes more explosives, increases the difficulty of subsequent cleanup, and poses greater safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an underwater rock blasting device and method for waterway excavation, so as to improve the problem that high-altitude construction of tie beams is troublesome and has high safety hazards.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides an underwater rock blasting device for waterway dredging, which adopts the following technical solution: An underwater rock blasting device for waterway excavation is deployed in an underwater borehole and located below explosives. It includes a shell, a reflector inside the shell, a reflector surface on the reflector for reflecting downward blast waves to the surroundings, an air cushion area between the reflector and the top of the shell, and the shell is capable of breaking under the explosion of explosives.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, a casing is placed below the explosive at the underwater hole. When the explosive detonates, the casing breaks under the impact of the explosion. The shock wave from the explosive continues downward and impacts the reflective surface of the reflector. The reflective surface prevents the shock wave from continuing downward and reflects the shock wave in all directions, thereby preventing the hole depth from exceeding the design depth too much after the explosion. At the same time, the reflection of the shock wave in all directions increases the explosion range of the explosive in the horizontal direction, further saving the amount of explosive and reducing safety hazards.

[0008] Optionally, the emitting surface is a conical surface.

[0009] The above technical solution, through the setting of the conical surface, can effectively reflect the shock wave in all directions.

[0010] Optionally, the reflector is a hard sphere.

[0011] With the above technical solution, the reflector uses a hard sphere. The hard sphere does not require any placement issues. No matter how the hard sphere is placed, the reflective effect can be guaranteed, making the installation of the hard sphere relatively convenient.

[0012] Optionally, the housing is enclosed.

[0013] The above technical solution allows for the formation of an air cushion area through a closed housing design.

[0014] Furthermore, the housing is made of plastic.

[0015] The above technical solution allows the plastic casing to easily break during an explosive detonation.

[0016] Optionally, the housing may contain a metal frame.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, the metal frame can easily support the shell and prevent the shell from deforming due to excessive water pressure when it enters the water.

[0018] Optionally, the bottom of the housing is provided with a guide portion, the diameter of which gradually decreases in the direction away from the housing.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide part facilitates the sliding of the housing to the bottom of the hole.

[0020] Optionally, the guide portion is hemispherical.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide part of the hemispherical surface is easier to manufacture.

[0022] Secondly, this application discloses a construction method.

[0023] A construction method includes the following steps: S1. Drill holes in the riverbed rocks to create blasting holes; S2. The above-mentioned channel excavation is carried out by placing an underwater rock blasting device into the blasting hole; S3. Place explosives into the blasting hole and position the explosives above the underwater rock blasting device for waterway excavation. S4, Detonate the explosive.

[0024] Optionally, in step S1, the depth of the blast hole is greater than the design depth by the length of the shell.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the depth of the blast hole is greater than the design depth by the length of the shell, so that the shell falling into the blast hole will not affect the depth of the hole, thereby ensuring that the depth of the hole after the explosion can reach the design depth.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By placing a casing below the explosive at the underwater hole, when the explosive detonates, the casing breaks under the impact of the explosion. The shock wave from the explosive continues downward and impacts the reflective surface of the reflector. The reflective surface prevents the shock wave from continuing downward and reflects the shock wave in all directions, thereby preventing the hole depth from exceeding the design depth too much after the explosion. At the same time, the reflection of the shock wave in all directions can increase the explosion range of the explosive in the horizontal direction, further saving the amount of explosive and reducing safety hazards. 2. The metal frame facilitates the support of the shell, preventing deformation of the shell due to excessive water pressure when it enters the water; 3. The reflector uses a rigid sphere. The rigid sphere does not require any placement considerations. No matter how the rigid sphere is placed, the reflective effect can be guaranteed, making the installation of the rigid sphere relatively convenient. 4. The plastic casing makes it easy to break apart when the explosive detonates. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram illustrating an underwater rock blasting device for waterway excavation in this invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the blast hole in this invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram illustrating the feeding mechanism in this invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram illustrating the injection molding mechanism in this invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram illustrating the inner mold in this invention.

[0032] In the diagram, 1. Shell; 11. Hard sphere; 12. Metal frame; 13. Air cushion area; 14. Guide section; 2. Bursting hole; 21. Explosive; 3. Feeding mechanism; 31. Feeding rack; 32. Hard sphere feeding assembly; 321. Hopper; 322. Slide rail; 323. Limiting cylinder; 324. Limiting plate; 33. Inner mold feeding assembly; 331. Conveyor belt; 332. Pallet; 34. Feeding robot; 4. Injection molding mechanism; 41. Upper mold frame; 411. Upper mold; 42. Lower mold frame; 421. Injection sleeve; 422. Lifting hydraulic cylinder; 423. Ejection hydraulic cylinder; 424. Ejector rod; 425. Lower mold; 44. Inner mold; 5. Discharge mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; as a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; as a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or as a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Example 1 An underwater rock blasting device for waterway dredging, referring to Figure 1 In channel dredging, an underwater rock blasting device is deployed into the underwater borehole, positioned below the explosive charge 21. The device comprises a casing 1, within which a reflector is installed. The reflector has a reflective surface to reflect the downward blast wave in all directions. An air cushion zone 13 is provided between the reflector and the top of the casing 1. The casing 1 is designed to break upon the explosion of the explosive charge 21. During operation, the casing 1 is deployed below the explosive charge 21 in the underwater borehole. When the explosive charge 21 detonates, the casing 1 breaks under the impact. The shock wave from the explosive charge 21 continues downward and strikes the reflective surface of the reflector. The reflective surface prevents the shock wave from continuing downward and reflects it in all directions, thus preventing the borehole depth from exceeding the design depth excessively after the explosion. Furthermore, the reflection of the shock wave in all directions increases the horizontal blast range of the explosive charge 21, further saving the amount of explosive charge 21 used and reducing safety hazards.

[0036] Optionally, the emitting surface can be a conical surface, which can effectively reflect the shock wave in all directions. When the emitting surface is a conical surface, the bottom of the reflector can be a flat surface or a hemispherical surface to facilitate installation, so that the axis of the conical surface is as coaxial as possible with the axis of the hole.

[0037] Preferably, the reflector is a rigid sphere 11. The rigid sphere 11 eliminates the need to consider placement issues; regardless of its orientation, the reflective surface remains a hemisphere, ensuring effective reflection. This makes the installation and positioning of the rigid sphere 11 convenient, without requiring excessive consideration of installation or deployment accuracy. The rigid sphere 11 can be made of steel.

[0038] Furthermore, the housing 1 is enclosed, which facilitates the formation of the air cushion area 13. The housing 1 can be made of plastic, such as PVC, which makes it easier for the housing 1 to break apart upon detonation of the explosive 21.

[0039] To prevent the shell 1 from deforming under excessive water pressure and affecting the blasting effect, a metal frame 12 is provided inside the shell 1. The metal frame 12 can support the shell 1 and prevent the shell 1 from deforming significantly due to excessive water pressure when it enters the water.

[0040] The bottom of the housing 1 is provided with a guide portion 14. The diameter of the guide portion 14 gradually decreases along the direction away from the housing 1. The guide portion 14 facilitates the sliding of the housing 1 to the bottom of the hole.

[0041] Optionally, the guide part 14 can be hemispherical. The hemispherical guide part 14 is easier to manufacture and also has a better guiding effect.

[0042] The metal frame 12 includes interconnected cylindrical and hemispherical portions. The cylindrical portion facilitates fitting the shell 1, while the hemispherical portion facilitates fitting the guide portion 14 on the hemispherical surface. The metal frame 12 also increases the overall weight of the shell 1 to ensure that the shell 1 can overcome buoyancy and sink to the bottom of the river.

[0043] Secondly, this application discloses a construction method.

[0044] A construction method, referring to Figure 2 It includes the following steps: S1. Drill holes in the riverbed rocks to form blasting holes 2. The depth of the blasting hole 2 is greater than the design depth by the length of the shell 1, so that the shell 1 will not affect the depth of the hole after falling into the blasting hole 2, thereby ensuring that the depth of the hole after the explosion can reach the design depth.

[0045] S2. Place the underwater rock blasting device for the channel excavation into the blasting hole 2. When placing it, the guide part 14 should face downwards. Place it into the blasting hole 2. Use tools such as sleeves to press down the shell 1 to ensure that the shell 1 sinks into place. When pressing down, the metal frame 12 can provide support to prevent the shell 1 from undergoing large deformation. S3. Explosive 21 is placed into the blast hole 2 and positioned above the casing 1. Meanwhile, the air cushion area 13 inside the casing 1 can prevent the explosive 21 from directly affecting the hard ball 11 when it explodes. S4, Detonate 21 explosives.

[0046] A forming device for forming the aforementioned underwater rock blasting device for waterway dredging, as described above. Figures 3 to 5 It includes a feeding mechanism 3, an injection molding mechanism 4 and a discharging mechanism 5. The feeding mechanism 3 includes a feeding rack 31, a hard ball 11 feeding assembly and an inner mold 44 feeding assembly 33. The inner mold 44 is used to form the air cushion area 13. The top of the inner mold 44 has an opening to place the hard ball 11.

[0047] The hard ball 11 ejection mechanism includes a hopper 321 and a slide 322, both of which are fixedly installed on the loading rack 31. The hopper 321 stores the hard balls 11, and the slide 322 allows the hard balls 11 to slide down. A limiting cylinder 323 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the slide 322. A limiting plate 324 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the limiting cylinder 323. The limiting plate 324 blocks the hard balls 11 and directs the flow of the hard balls 11 when necessary. There are two sets of limiting cylinders 323 and limiting plates 324, and the distance between the two limiting plates 324 is less than the diameter of two hard balls 11, so that only one hard ball 11 can be accommodated between the two limiting plates 324, thereby ensuring that only one hard ball 11 leaves the slide 322 at a time.

[0048] The inner mold 44 loading assembly 33 includes a conveyor belt 331 and a pallet 332. Both the conveyor belt 331 and the pallet 332 are fixedly installed on the loading rack 31. The conveyor belt 331 is used to transport the inner mold 44 to the pallet 332. The pallet 332 is located below the discharge port of the slide 322 so that the hard ball 11 can fall onto the inner mold 44. A loading robot 34 is provided between the inner mold 44 loading assembly 33 and the injection molding mechanism 4. The loading robot 34 is a five-axis robotic arm. The output end of the five-axis robotic arm is connected to a gripper to clamp the inner mold 44. During operation, the gripper of the loading robot 34 first clamps the inner mold 44, and then the hard ball 11 falls onto the inner mold 44.

[0049] The injection molding mechanism 4 includes an upper mold base 41 and a lower mold base 42. An upper mold 411 is fixedly connected to the upper mold base 41, and a lifting hydraulic cylinder 422 is fixedly connected to the lower mold base 42. The lifting hydraulic cylinder 422 is arranged vertically, and a lower mold 425 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 422. An injection sleeve 421 is fixedly connected to the lower mold 425. The injection sleeve 421 has an injection space for accommodating an inner mold 44 and a hard ball 11. After the inner mold 44 is placed into the injection sleeve 421, an injection area is formed between the inner mold 44 and the injection sleeve 421, and the metal frame 12 can be placed in the injection area. The upper mold 411 includes a cylindrical part and a hemispherical part. The cylindrical part facilitates closing with the injection sleeve 421, and the hemispherical part facilitates the molding of the guide part 14. An injection area is also formed between the upper mold 411, the hard ball 11, and the inner mold 44. Meanwhile, the cylindrical part of the upper mold 411 also facilitates the reduction of the height of the injection sleeve 421, so that the loading robot 34 can place the inner mold 44 into the injection sleeve 421. The upper mold 411 is connected to an injection tube for injecting molten plastic.

[0050] The lower mold frame 42 is also fixedly connected to the ejector hydraulic cylinder 423. The piston rod of the ejector hydraulic cylinder 423 is fixedly connected to the ejector rod 424. The ejector rod 424 passes through the bottom plate of the lower mold 425 and is at the same height as the top surface of the bottom plate of the lower mold 425. The ejector rod 424 is located below the injection molding area so that after the shell 1 is formed, it can hold the shell 1 in place so that the injection sleeve 421 can be demolded from the shell 1.

[0051] The unloading mechanism 5 can also be an unloading robot, and the unloading robot mechanism can be the same as the loading robot 34.

[0052] Working principle: During operation, the hard ball 11 feeding assembly and the inner mold 44 feeding assembly 33 feed the materials respectively. The gripper of the feeding robot 34 clamps the inner mold 44 and transfers the inner mold 44 and the hard ball 11 placed on the inner mold 44 into the injection sleeve 421. Then, the feeding robot 34 clamps the metal skeleton 12 and places the metal skeleton 12 in the injection area. Then, the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 422 extends and pushes the lower mold 425 upward until the injection sleeve 421 and the cylindrical part of the upper mold 411 are closed. Then, the piston rod of the ejection hydraulic cylinder 423 extends, so that the ejector rod 424 is inserted into the bottom plate of the lower mold 425 and the top surface of the ejector rod 424 is flush with the top surface of the bottom plate of the lower mold 425.

[0053] Then the injection tube is injected into the injection area. After the shell 1 is formed, the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 422 retracts, and the injection sleeve 421 separates from the shell 1. At this time, the push rod 424 presses against the shell 1. The position of the push rod 424 pressing against the shell 1 is below the metal frame 12. Then the gripper of the discharge robot clamps the shell 1, the piston rod of the ejection hydraulic cylinder 423 retracts, the push rod 424 descends, and the gripper of the discharge robot transfers the shell 1.

[0054] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for underwater rock blasting construction in waterway excavation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Drill holes in the riverbed rocks to form blasting holes (2); S2. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation is formed by forming a molding device. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation is placed in an underwater hole and located below the explosive (21). The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation includes a shell (1). A hard ball (11) is provided inside the shell (1). A reflective surface is provided on the hard ball (11) to reflect the downward explosion wave to the surrounding area. An air cushion area (13) is provided between the hard ball (11) and the top of the shell (1). The shell (1) can be broken by the explosion of the explosive (21). The shell (1) is made of plastic. A metal skeleton (12) is provided inside the shell (1). A guide part (14) is provided at the bottom of the shell (1). The diameter of the guide part (14) gradually decreases along the direction away from the shell (1) from the guide part (14). The molding device includes a feeding mechanism (3), an injection molding mechanism (4) and a discharge mechanism (5). The feeding mechanism (3) includes a feeding rack (31), a hard ball feeding assembly (32) and an inner mold feeding assembly (33). The inner mold (44) is used to form the air cushion area (13). The top of the inner mold (44) has an opening for placing hard balls (11). The injection molding mechanism (4) includes an upper mold frame (41) and a lower mold frame (42). An upper mold (411) is fixedly connected to the upper mold frame (41), and a lifting hydraulic cylinder (422) is fixedly connected to the lower mold frame (42). The lifting hydraulic cylinder (422) is arranged vertically, and a lower mold (425) is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (422). An injection sleeve (421) is fixedly connected to the lower mold (425), and the injection sleeve (421) is provided with a cavity for accommodating an inner mold. The inner mold (44) and the injection space of the hard ball (11) are arranged in the injection sleeve (421). After the inner mold (44) is placed in the injection sleeve (421), an injection area for placing the metal skeleton (12) is formed between the inner mold (44) and the injection sleeve (421). The upper mold (411) includes a cylindrical part and a hemispherical part. The cylindrical part is used to close with the injection sleeve (421), and the hemispherical part is used to form the guide part (14). An injection area is also formed between the upper mold (411), the hard ball (11), and the inner mold (44). The hard ball feeding assembly (32) includes a hopper (321) and a slide (322). The hopper (321) and the slide (322) are both fixedly installed on the feeding rack (31). The hopper (321) is used to store hard balls (11). The slide (322) is used for the hard balls (11) to slide down. A limit cylinder (323) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the slide (322). A limit plate (324) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the limit cylinder (323). The limit plate (324) is used to block the hard balls (11) and release the hard balls (11) when it is necessary for the hard balls (11) to flow. The inner mold loading assembly (33) includes a conveyor belt (331) and a pallet (332). The conveyor belt (331) and the pallet (332) are both fixedly installed on the loading rack (31). The conveyor belt (331) is used to transport the inner mold (44) to the pallet (332). The pallet (332) is located below the discharge port of the slide (322) so that the hard ball (11) can fall onto the inner mold (44). A loading robot (34) is provided between the inner mold loading assembly (33) and the injection molding mechanism (4). The grippers of the loading robot (34) are used to clamp the inner mold (44) so ​​that the hard ball (11) can fall onto the inner mold (44). The formed channel excavation device is placed into the blasting hole (2) using an underwater rock blasting device; S3. Place explosives (21) into the blast hole (2) and position the explosives (21) above the underwater rock blasting device for waterway excavation. S4, Detonate the explosive (21).

2. The underwater rock blasting construction method for waterway excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower mold frame (42) is also fixedly connected to an ejector hydraulic cylinder (423). The piston rod of the ejector hydraulic cylinder (423) is fixedly connected to an ejector rod (424). The ejector rod (424) passes through the bottom plate of the lower mold (425) and is at the same height as the top surface of the bottom plate of the lower mold (425). The ejector rod (424) is located below the injection molding area so that after the shell (1) is formed, it can hold the shell (1) in place so that the injection sleeve (421) can be demolded from the shell (1).

3. The underwater rock blasting construction method for waterway excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The discharge mechanism (5) adopts a discharge robot.

4. The underwater rock blasting construction method for waterway excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the depth of the blast hole (2) is greater than the design depth by the length of the shell (1).

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