Quantum random number generator, chip and quantum random number generation method

Abstract

The application discloses a quantum random number generation device, a chip and a quantum random number generation method, and belongs to the technical field of random number generation. The device comprises: a light source configured to emit a photon stream to an optical waveguide; the optical waveguide is configured to attenuate the number of photons in the photon stream and output the photons to a photon detector; the photon detector is configured to receive the photons output by the optical waveguide, generate a pulse signal based on the arrival time of the photons, and send the pulse signal to a data processing device; and the data processing device is configured to generate quantum random numbers according to the pulse signal. By utilizing the optical characteristics of the optical waveguide, the number of photons reaching the photon detector is reduced after the photon stream passes through the optical waveguide. Compared with the combination of free space optical path and optical element to attenuate the number of photons, the size of the optical waveguide is smaller, and the optical waveguide is more suitable for integration with a silicon chip, so that the occupied space of the quantum entropy source can be reduced, and the miniaturization and chip development of the quantum random number generator are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of random number generation technology, and particularly relates to a quantum random number generator, a chip, and a quantum random number generation method. Background Technology

[0002] Random numbers are widely used in cryptography, statistical simulation, game development, and many other fields. Traditional random number generators, such as pseudo-random number generators, can produce seemingly random sequences, but they are essentially based on deterministic algorithms and are predictable, thus limiting their effectiveness in situations requiring high security.

[0003] With the development of quantum physics, quantum random number generators (QRNGs) have attracted attention due to their foundation in quantum mechanics. QRNGs utilize the unpredictability of quantum phenomena to generate truly random numbers. However, existing QRNGs primarily reduce the number of photons through combinations of free-space optical paths and optical components within the quantum entropy source, resulting in large space requirements. Therefore, miniaturization and chip-based implementation of QRNGs have become key challenges in the development of quantum random number generation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a quantum random number generator, a chip, and a quantum random number generation method to reduce the space occupied by the quantum entropy source and promote the miniaturization and chip-based development of quantum random number generators.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a quantum random number generator, comprising:

[0006] A light source used to emit a stream of photons into an optical waveguide;

[0007] An optical waveguide is used to attenuate the number of photons in the photon stream and output photons to a photon detector.

[0008] A photon detector is used to receive photons output from the optical waveguide and generate a pulse signal based on the arrival time of the photons, and send the pulse signal to a data processing device.

[0009] The data processing device is used to generate quantum random numbers based on the pulse signal.

[0010] According to the quantum random number generator of this application, a photon stream is emitted into an optical waveguide via a light source, causing the optical waveguide to attenuate the number of photons in the photon stream, and then outputting photons to a photon detector; a pulse signal sent by the photon detector is acquired; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; and a quantum random number is generated based on the pulse signal. This embodiment of the application utilizes the optical properties of the optical waveguide. During the photon stream's passage through the optical waveguide, absorption and scattering occur, thereby reducing the photon stream density and decreasing the number of photons reaching the photon detector. Compared to attenuating the number of photons through a combination of free-space optical paths and optical elements, the optical waveguide is smaller and more suitable for integration with silicon chips, thus reducing the space occupied by the quantum entropy source and promoting the miniaturization and chip-based development of quantum random number generators.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the optical waveguide includes a nanowire plasma waveguide, which comprises nanowires.

[0012] In this embodiment, by employing a nanowire plasma waveguide, the photon stream passing through the nanowire plasma waveguide will excite the oscillation of free electrons inside the nanowire plasma waveguide to generate surface plasma. The electrons in the nanowire plasma waveguide will undergo forced vibration and propagate along the nanowire, and then be converted back into photons for output. During the transmission of the photon stream in the nanowire plasma waveguide, absorption and loss will occur, which will cause the number of photons in the photon stream to decrease, thereby improving the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the nanowires of the nanowire plasma waveguide are made of gold or silver.

[0014] In this embodiment, by using gold or silver as the material for fabricating nanowires, the excellent electrical and optical properties of gold and silver can be utilized to effectively support the excitation and propagation of surface polaritons and improve the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0015] According to one embodiment of this application, the length of the nanowire in the nanowire plasma waveguide is determined based on at least one of the nanowire fabrication material, the shape of the nanowire, and the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source.

[0016] In this embodiment, the length of the nanowire directly affects the resonance conditions and propagation characteristics of surface polaritons. Since nanowires made of different materials, nanowires of different shapes, and light of different wavelengths have different plasma resonance characteristics, the length of the nanowire can be determined according to the fabrication material, shape, and wavelength of the light emitted by the light source. This can optimize the interaction between the waveguide and the light source, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of surface polaritons and the overall system performance.

[0017] According to one embodiment of this application, the nanowire plasma waveguide includes an incident grating and an exit grating; the photon flow is converted into surface polaritons after passing through the incident grating, and the surface polaritons are transmitted through the nanowire to the exit grating, where they are converted into photons and output.

[0018] In this embodiment, by integrating an incident grating into a nanowire plasmonic waveguide, the subwavelength confinement characteristics of surface polaritons are effectively utilized to efficiently convert the photon flow into surface polaritons. After the surface polaritons are transmitted through the nanowire, they are converted into photons by the output grating and output, thus realizing the conversion from surface polaritons to photon flow. This results in the attenuation of the number of photons in the photon flow, improving the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0019] According to one embodiment of this application, a prism or a near-field excitation source is provided at one end of the nanowire plasma waveguide; the photon flow is converted into surface polaritons after passing through the prism or the near-field excitation source, and the surface polaritons are converted into photon output at the other end of the nanowire plasma waveguide after being transmitted through the nanowire.

[0020] In this embodiment, by setting a prism or near-field excitation source at one end of the nanowire plasma waveguide, the excitation and transmission characteristics of the photon flow are effectively utilized. When the photon flow passes through the prism or near-field excitation source, it can be converted into surface polaritons. After being transmitted through the nanowire, the surface polaritons are converted into photons at the other end of the nanowire plasma waveguide, which causes the number of photons in the photon flow to decrease, thereby improving the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0021] According to one embodiment of this application, the nanowire plasma waveguide is connected to the photon detector via an optical fiber.

[0022] In this embodiment, the nanowire plasma waveguide and photon detector are connected by optical fiber, which reduces the loss and reflection of optical signals during transmission and improves the reliability of random number generation.

[0023] According to one embodiment of this application, the data processing device includes a digitization processing module and a post-processing module;

[0024] The digitization module is used to generate a binary digital signal as an original random number based on the arrival time of photons in the pulse signal, and send the original random number to the post-processing module.

[0025] The post-processing module is used to extract one bit as a quantum random number from the original random number of multiple bits.

[0026] In this embodiment, the photon arrival time is converted into a binary digital signal by a digitization processing module, which makes full use of the quantum randomness of the photon arrival time to generate original random numbers. The post-processing module then extracts a single bit from these original random numbers as the final quantum random number, so that the output random number meets a specific randomness standard and improves the reliability of random number generation.

[0027] According to one embodiment of this application, the light source includes a laser diode, a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser, a light-emitting diode, or a superluminescent diode.

[0028] In this embodiment, by selecting the appropriate light source type according to different application requirements, efficient and stable light emission is achieved, meeting the needs of high-precision optical devices such as quantum random number generators and improving the flexibility of random number generation.

[0029] According to one embodiment of this application, the light source, the optical waveguide, the photon detector, and the data processing device are integrated on a chip.

[0030] In this embodiment, by integrating the light source, the optical waveguide, the photon detector, and the data processing device onto a chip, external connections and space requirements are reduced, and the quantum random number sending device is made chip-based.

[0031] Secondly, this application provides a silicon-based chip that includes a quantum random number generator as described in the first aspect above.

[0032] Thirdly, this application provides a method for generating quantum random numbers, including:

[0033] A light source is controlled to emit a photon stream into an optical waveguide, so that the optical waveguide attenuates the number of photons in the photon stream, and then outputs photons to a photon detector.

[0034] Acquire the pulse signal sent by the photon detector; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide;

[0035] Quantum random numbers are generated based on the pulse signal.

[0036] According to the quantum random number generation method of this application, a photon stream is emitted from a light source into an optical waveguide, causing the optical waveguide to attenuate the number of photons in the photon stream, and then outputting photons to a photon detector; a pulse signal sent by the photon detector is acquired; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; and a quantum random number is generated based on the pulse signal. This embodiment of the application utilizes the optical properties of the optical waveguide. During the photon stream's passage through the optical waveguide, absorption and scattering occur, thereby reducing the photon stream density and decreasing the number of photons reaching the photon detector. Compared to attenuating the number of photons through a combination of free-space optical paths and optical elements, the optical waveguide is smaller and more suitable for integration with silicon chips, thus reducing the space occupied by the quantum entropy source and promoting the miniaturization and chip-based development of quantum random number generators.

[0037] According to one embodiment of this application, generating quantum random numbers based on the pulse signal includes:

[0038] A binary digital signal is generated based on the arrival time of photons in the pulse signal as the original random number;

[0039] One bit is extracted from the original random number of multiple bits to serve as a quantum random number.

[0040] Fourthly, this application provides a quantum random number generation device, comprising:

[0041] The control module is used to control the light source to emit a photon stream into the optical waveguide, so that the optical waveguide attenuates the number of photons in the photon stream and outputs photons to the photon detector;

[0042] The acquisition module is used to acquire the pulse signal sent by the photon detector; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide;

[0043] A generation module is used to generate quantum random numbers based on the pulse signal.

[0044] According to the quantum random number generation device of this application, a photon stream is emitted into an optical waveguide by a light source, causing the optical waveguide to attenuate the number of photons in the photon stream, and then outputting photons to a photon detector; a pulse signal sent by the photon detector is acquired; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; and a quantum random number is generated based on the pulse signal. This embodiment of the application utilizes the optical properties of the optical waveguide. During the photon stream's passage through the optical waveguide, absorption and scattering occur, thereby reducing the photon stream density and decreasing the number of photons reaching the photon detector. Compared to attenuating the number of photons through a combination of free-space optical paths and optical elements, the optical waveguide is smaller and more suitable for integration with silicon chips, thus reducing the space occupied by the quantum entropy source and promoting the miniaturization and chip-based development of quantum random number generators.

[0045] Fifthly, this application provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the quantum random number generation method as described in the third aspect above.

[0046] In a sixth aspect, this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the quantum random number generation method as described in the third aspect above.

[0047] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a chip including a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface being coupled to the processor, the processor being used to run programs or instructions to implement the quantum random number generation method as described in the third aspect above.

[0048] Eighthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the quantum random number generation method as described in the third aspect above.

[0049] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of this application have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0050] According to the quantum random number generator of this application, a photon stream is emitted into an optical waveguide via a light source, causing the optical waveguide to attenuate the number of photons in the photon stream, and then outputting photons to a photon detector; a pulse signal sent by the photon detector is acquired; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; and a quantum random number is generated based on the pulse signal. This embodiment of the application utilizes the optical properties of the optical waveguide. During the photon stream's passage through the optical waveguide, absorption and scattering occur, thereby reducing the photon stream density and decreasing the number of photons reaching the photon detector. Compared to attenuating the number of photons through a combination of free-space optical paths and optical elements, the optical waveguide is smaller and more suitable for integration with silicon chips, thus reducing the space occupied by the quantum entropy source and promoting the miniaturization and chip-based development of quantum random number generators.

[0051] Furthermore, in some embodiments, by employing a nanowire plasma waveguide, the photon flow passing through the nanowire plasma waveguide will excite the oscillation of free electrons inside the nanowire plasma waveguide to generate surface plasma. The electrons in the nanowire plasma waveguide will undergo forced vibration and propagate along the nanowire, and then be converted back into photons for output. During the transmission of the photon flow in the nanowire plasma waveguide, absorption and loss will occur, which will cause the number of photons in the photon flow to decrease, thereby improving the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0052] Furthermore, in some embodiments, by using gold or silver as the material for fabricating nanowires, the excellent electrical and optical properties of gold and silver can be utilized to effectively support the excitation and propagation of surface polaritons and improve the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0053] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the length of the nanowire directly affects the resonance conditions and propagation characteristics of surface polaritons. Since nanowires made of different materials, nanowires of different shapes, and light of different wavelengths have different plasma resonance characteristics, the length of the nanowire can be determined according to the fabrication material, shape, and wavelength of the light emitted by the light source. This can optimize the interaction between the waveguide and the light source, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of surface polaritons and the overall system performance.

[0054] Furthermore, in some embodiments, by integrating an incident grating in a nanowire plasmonic waveguide, the subwavelength confinement characteristics of surface polaritons are effectively utilized to efficiently convert the photon flow into surface polaritons. After being transmitted through the nanowire, the surface polaritons are converted into photons by the output grating and output, thus realizing the conversion from surface polaritons to photon flow. This results in an attenuation of the number of photons in the photon flow, improving the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0055] Furthermore, in some embodiments, by setting a prism or near-field excitation source at one end of the nanowire plasma waveguide, the excitation and transmission characteristics of the photon flow are effectively utilized. When the photon flow passes through the prism or near-field excitation source, it can be converted into surface polaritons. After being transmitted through the nanowire, the surface polaritons are converted into photons at the other end of the nanowire plasma waveguide, which causes the number of photons in the photon flow to decrease, thereby improving the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0056] Furthermore, in some embodiments, connecting the nanowire plasma waveguide and the photon detector via optical fiber reduces optical signal loss and reflection during transmission, thereby improving the reliability of random number generation.

[0057] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the photon arrival time is converted into a binary digital signal by a digitization processing module, which makes full use of the quantum randomness of the photon arrival time to generate original random numbers. The post-processing module then extracts individual bits from these original random numbers as the final quantum random number, so that the output random number meets a specific randomness standard and improves the reliability of random number generation.

[0058] Furthermore, in some embodiments, by selecting the appropriate light source type according to different application requirements, efficient and stable light emission can be achieved, meeting the needs of high-precision optical devices such as quantum random number generators and improving the flexibility of random number generation.

[0059] Furthermore, in some embodiments, by integrating the light source, the optical waveguide, the photon detector, and the data processing device onto a chip, external connections and space requirements are reduced, thus realizing the chip-based quantum random number transmission device.

[0060] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0061] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood in conjunction with the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the photon attenuation device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum random number generator provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0064] Figure 3 These are curves showing the variation of emission intensity and propagation loss of the light source provided in this application embodiment as a function of propagation distance;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the nanowire plasma waveguide provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the propagation process of surface polaritons in a nanowire plasma waveguide provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the quantum random number generation method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum random number generation device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0069] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0071] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0072] A quantum random number generator is a device that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to generate truly random numbers. A quantum random number generator generally includes a quantum entropy source and a data processing system. Because the randomness of quantum random numbers generated by the quantum entropy source originates from quantum principles, it possesses complete randomness. The random number generation rules cannot be broken, preventing random number leakage. Therefore, quantum random number generators have high security and can replace classical random number generators in many situations, increasing the overall difficulty of cracking the system. The working principle of the quantum entropy source is to transmit photons emitted by a light source through optical elements and space. To increase the unpredictability and uncertainty in the random number generation process, the number of photons needs to be reduced to the single-photon level. Then, a single-photon detector detects the photons and generates binary random numbers based on the randomness of the photon arrival time.

[0073] In related technologies, such as Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a photon attenuation device. A laser diode 101 acts as a light source, emitting photons. The area within the dashed lines represents the photon path. The photons emitted by the laser diode 101 pass through a convex lens 102, which increases the photon divergence angle, causing some photons to diverge outside the attenuation device. Other photons, after passing through the convex lens 102, reach a neutral density filter 103, which provides a fixed light intensity attenuation, reducing the number of photons reaching the single-photon detector 104 to the single-photon level. This method of attenuating photons mainly relies on a combination of free-space optical paths and optical components, which requires a large space, especially integrating the optical components into a chip, which is challenging. Therefore, miniaturization and chip-based implementation of quantum random number generators have become key issues in the development of quantum random number generation technology.

[0074] To address at least one of the aforementioned technical problems, this application proposes a quantum random number generator, a chip, and a method for generating quantum random numbers. The following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides a detailed description of the proposed quantum random number generator, chip, and method through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0075] like Figure 2 As shown, the quantum random number generator 200 includes a light source 210, an optical waveguide 220, a photon detector 230, and a data processing device 240.

[0076] In this embodiment, the light source 210, optical waveguide 220, photon detector 230, and data processing device 240 can be connected sequentially. The light source 210 can emit a photon stream into the optical waveguide 220. As the photon stream passes through the optical waveguide 220, the optical waveguide 220 attenuates the number of photons in the photon stream and outputs photons to the photon detector 230. The photon detector 230 can receive the photons output by the optical waveguide 220 and determine the time when the photons arrive at the photon detector 230. Based on the arrival time of the photons, a pulse signal is generated and sent to the data processing device 240. The data processing device 240 can generate quantum random numbers based on the pulse signal.

[0077] In this embodiment, light source 210 is responsible for emitting a photon stream. Light source 210 can be a laser or other type of light emitter, capable of generating high-quality photons. The choice of light source 210 directly affects the quality and quantity of photons, thus affecting the efficiency and security of random number generation. The photon stream emitted by light source 210 is guided into optical waveguide 220 to begin the subsequent attenuation process.

[0078] In some embodiments, the light source 210 may include a laser diode (LD), a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), a light-emitting diode (LED), or a superluminescent light-emitting diode (SLED). Of course, the light source 210 may also include other types of light sources, which are not limited in this application embodiment.

[0079] In this embodiment, by selecting the appropriate light source type according to different application requirements, efficient and stable light emission is achieved, meeting the needs of high-precision optical devices such as quantum random number generators and improving the flexibility of random number generation.

[0080] In this embodiment, the optical waveguide 220 is a medium device that guides the propagation of light waves. Its main function is to attenuate the number of photons in the photon stream, so that the generated random numbers have sufficient randomness and unpredictability. The medium of the optical waveguide 220 can be made of different materials, such as non-metallic materials like aluminum nitride and magnesium fluoride, or other materials like silicon and silicon oxide. The optical waveguide 220 may include micro-optical elements, such as nano-waveguides, which can effectively control the propagation and attenuation of photons within it. In the optical waveguide 220, photons are gradually weakened through interaction with the material, thereby attenuating the number of photons in the photon stream.

[0081] In some embodiments, the optical waveguide 220 may be a planar waveguide, a photonic crystal waveguide, a polymer waveguide, a nanowire plasma waveguide, etc. This application does not limit this type of waveguide.

[0082] Taking the 220-type optical waveguide as an example, a nanowire plasma waveguide is an optical waveguide composed of nanoscale metal wires or metal nanostructures. Nanowire plasma waveguides can support the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Surface plasmons, also known as surface polaritons, are couplers of light and free electrons, typically existing at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. When a photon stream passes through a nanowire plasma waveguide, it excites the oscillation of free electrons within the waveguide, generating surface plasmons. Electrons in the nanowire plasma waveguide undergo forced vibrations and propagate along the nanowires, subsequently being converted back into photons for output. During the transmission of the photon stream through the nanowire plasma waveguide, absorption and loss occur, causing a decrease in the number of photons in the stream, thus improving the attenuation effect.

[0083] Nanowire plasma waveguides have a simple optical structure, which is conducive to miniaturization. In quantum entropy sources, nanowire plasma waveguides are used to replace traditional optical elements and free space optical paths for photon transmission, so that the photons emitted by the light source 210 are attenuated to the single photon level. The length and width of nanowire plasma waveguides are on the order of a few micrometers to tens of micrometers. Compared with other methods of transmission and photon reduction, the space required can be significantly reduced, and they can be used to fabricate chip-scale quantum random number generators.

[0084] In this embodiment, the photon detector 230 is a radiation detector made using the external photoelectric effect or the internal photoelectric effect. The photon detector 230 can generate a pulse signal by absorbing the energy of photons, causing a change in the motion state of electrons. The photon detector 230 may include a photodiode or other types of photoelectric sensors capable of detecting single photons and generating pulse signals based on the photon's arrival time. Specifically, when a photon arrives at the photon detector 230, it triggers a current pulse. The photon detector 230 records the photon's arrival time and converts this information into electrical signal pulses, i.e., pulse signals, which represent the specific arrival event of the photon.

[0085] In this embodiment, the data processing device 240 can generate quantum random numbers based on pulse signals. The data processing device 240 may include digital circuits, such as microcontrollers, digital signal processors, etc. The data processing device 240 can convert pulse signals into digital signals, determine the binary digital signals as the original random numbers, and then sample the original random numbers to output quantum random numbers.

[0086] In some embodiments, the data processing device 240 includes a digitization processing module 241 and a post-processing module 242;

[0087] The digitization processing module 241 is used to generate a binary digital signal as a raw random number based on the arrival time of photons in the pulse signal, and send the raw random number to the post-processing module 242.

[0088] The post-processing module 242 is used to extract one bit as a quantum random number from the original random number of multiple bits.

[0089] In this embodiment, the digitization module 241 first receives pulse signals from the photon detector 230. Each pulse signal represents a photon arrival event, and the arrival of each photon generates an electrical signal pulse in the photon detector 230. The digitization module 241 divides time into multiple fixed time intervals (e.g., each nanosecond or microsecond is an interval) and monitors whether a photon arrives within each time interval. The time stamping circuit in the digitization module 241 records the arrival time of each pulse signal, which is the photon arrival time. Based on the pulse signal situation within each time interval, a corresponding binary digital signal is generated. For example, if a pulse signal is detected within a certain time interval, the output for that time interval is "1"; if no pulse signal is detected, the output is "0". Thus, the outputs from multiple time intervals form a binary sequence, constituting the original random number. The original random number is then sent to the post-processing module 242.

[0090] In this embodiment, the post-processing module 242 can analyze the received raw random numbers, for example, by evaluating the statistical properties of the random number sequence to identify potential biases or patterns. It then uses Toplitz matrix operations or other algorithms to extract a bit from the raw random numbers as a quantum random number. The Toplitz matrix is ​​a matrix with a specific structure that can effectively enhance the randomness of the data and reduce possible correlations.

[0091] In this embodiment, the photon arrival time is converted into a binary digital signal by a digitization processing module, which makes full use of the quantum randomness of the photon arrival time to generate original random numbers. The post-processing module then extracts a single bit from these original random numbers as the final quantum random number, so that the output random number meets a specific randomness standard and improves the reliability of random number generation.

[0092] According to the quantum random number generator of this application, a photon stream is emitted into an optical waveguide via a light source, causing the waveguide to attenuate the number of photons in the stream, and then outputting photons to a photon detector. A pulse signal sent by the photon detector is acquired; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; and a quantum random number is generated based on the pulse signal. This embodiment utilizes the optical properties of the optical waveguide. During the photon stream's passage through the waveguide, absorption and scattering occur, thereby reducing the photon stream density and decreasing the number of photons reaching the photon detector. Compared to attenuating the number of photons through a combination of free-space optical paths and optical elements, the optical waveguide is smaller and more suitable for integration with silicon chips, thus reducing the space occupied by the quantum entropy source and promoting the miniaturization and chip-based development of quantum random number generators.

[0093] In some embodiments, the nanowires of the nanowire plasma waveguide can be slender nanowires made of metallic materials such as gold, silver, or aluminum. The diameter of the nanowires ranges from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers, and the length can be on the micrometer scale. In the nanowire plasma waveguide, the nanowires can be embedded in a medium with a high refractive index (such as water, polymers, or other optical materials). When light shines on these metallic nanowires, the light interacts with the free electrons on the metal surface, forming a plasma wave. Specifically, when the light wave encounters the boundary of the nanowire, surface polaritons can be excited. These surface polaritons propagate along the surface of the nanowire, thereby enabling the transmission of optical signals.

[0094] Taking a nanowire plasma waveguide made of silver as an example, the relationship between the attenuation of the emitted light intensity and the propagation length is as follows: Figure 3As shown in the figure, curve 1 shows that the emission intensity decreases with increasing propagation distance. This is because the intensity of photons gradually weakens as they propagate in the nanowire plasmonic waveguide due to loss mechanisms such as scattering and absorption. Curve 2 shows that the propagation loss increases with increasing propagation distance, reflecting the degree of photon loss during propagation in the nanowire waveguide. The nanowires used in silver-based nanowire plasmonic waveguides can achieve significant photon attenuation over lengths of tens of micrometers. By controlling the length and material properties of the nanowires, the degree of photon attenuation can be adjusted to meet the needs of specific applications.

[0095] In this embodiment, by using gold or silver as the material for fabricating nanowires, the excellent electrical and optical properties of gold and silver can be utilized to effectively support the excitation and propagation of surface polaritons and improve the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0096] In some embodiments, the length of the nanowires in the nanowire plasma waveguide is determined based on at least one of the nanowire fabrication material, the shape of the nanowires, and the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source.

[0097] In this embodiment, the refractive index of different materials affects the interaction between light and the nanowire surface, thus influencing the propagation mode and length of light. Therefore, the length design of the nanowire needs to consider the material properties to ensure good light transmission performance. The geometry of the nanowire (such as diameter, span, end-face structure, etc.) affects the excitation conditions and propagation modes of surface polaritons. For example, thinner nanowires may lead to different light propagation characteristics and resonant frequencies; therefore, the length design of the nanowire needs to consider its geometry.

[0098] Different wavelengths of light excite different surface polaritons. The length of the nanowire needs to be adapted to the wavelength of the incident light to ensure effective excitation and propagation. For example, the shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy of the light, which may result in a nanowire of a certain length being only suitable for light signals of certain wavelengths. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the length of the nanowire to achieve good coupling conditions with the wavelength of the incident light.

[0099] In this embodiment, the length of the nanowire directly affects the resonance conditions and propagation characteristics of surface polaritons. Since nanowires made of different materials, nanowires of different shapes, and light of different wavelengths have different plasma resonance characteristics, the length of the nanowire can be determined according to the fabrication material, shape, and wavelength of the light emitted by the light source. This can optimize the interaction between the waveguide and the light source, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of surface polaritons and the overall system performance.

[0100] In some embodiments, the nanowire plasma waveguide includes an incident grating and an exit grating; after passing through the incident grating, the photon flow is converted into surface polaritons, which are then transmitted through the nanowire to the exit grating, where they are converted back into photons and output.

[0101] In this embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the incident grating 401 can be disposed at one end of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide 400, and the exit grating 402 can be disposed at the other end of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide. The incident grating 401 can be designed according to the wavelength of the incident light in order to effectively couple the light into the nanowire plasmonic waveguide, and the exit grating 402 can be used to convert the surface polaritons transmitted to the other end of the nanowire 403 back into photons for output.

[0102] The propagation process of surface polaritons in nanowire plasma waveguides is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the Z-axis represents the propagation direction of light waves or surface polaritons, the X-axis represents the direction of the metal-dielectric interface, E represents the electromagnetic field distribution, and λ... SPP The wavelength of the surface polariton is represented by H, the magnetic field is represented by ε. d ε represents the dielectric constant of the medium. m (ω) represents the dielectric constant of the metal, ε m The frequency ω varies with frequency ω. When the wave vector of the light wave incident on the metal surface matches the wave vector of the surface polaritons on the metal surface, surface polaritons can be excited. By changing the incident angle of the light wave through the grating structure, the wave vector of the light wave incident on the metal surface can be matched with the wave vector of the surface polaritons on the metal surface, thereby exciting surface polaritons. Specifically, when photons emitted from the light source irradiate the incident grating of the nanowire plasma waveguide, surface polaritons are formed on the surface of the nanowire plasma waveguide. The surface polaritons undergo lossy propagation along the nanowire and are converted back into photons at the exit grating. At this time, the number of photons emitted will be less than the number of incident photons, achieving photon reduction, and the final number of emitted photons is on the order of single photons.

[0103] In this embodiment, by integrating an incident grating into a nanowire plasmonic waveguide, the subwavelength confinement characteristics of surface polaritons are effectively utilized to efficiently convert the photon flow into surface polaritons. After the surface polaritons are transmitted through the nanowire, they are converted into photons by the output grating and output, thus realizing the conversion from surface polaritons to photon flow. This results in the attenuation of the number of photons in the photon flow, improving the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0104] In some embodiments, a prism or near-field excitation source is provided at one end of the nanowire plasma waveguide; after the photon flow passes through the prism or near-field excitation source, it is converted into surface polaritons, and after the surface polaritons are transmitted through the nanowire, they are converted into photon output at the other end of the nanowire plasma waveguide.

[0105] In this embodiment, in addition to using a grating structure to excite surface polaritons on the surface of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide, other methods can also be used to excite surface polaritons on the surface of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide, such as prism coupling, near-field excitation, etc.

[0106] In this embodiment, if prism coupling is used to excite surface polaritons on the surface of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide using photons, a prism can be placed at one end of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide to convert the incident photon stream into surface polaritons. When light waves are incident on the metal-dielectric interface at an angle greater than the critical angle, evanescent waves are generated. These evanescent waves interact with free electrons in the metal, exciting surface polaritons. The surface polaritons propagate along the nanowire until they reach the other end of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide. A prism or grating structure can be placed at the other end of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide to convert the surface polaritons into photons, thereby achieving photon output.

[0107] In this embodiment, if near-field excitation is used to excite surface polaritons on the surface of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide, a near-field excitation source, such as a fiber taper or other near-field optical tool, can be placed at one end of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide. The high-intensity evanescent field of the near-field excitation source interacts with the nanowire, converting the incident photon stream into surface polaritons. The surface polaritons propagate along the nanowire until they reach the other end of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide. At the other end of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide, a near-field excitation source or a grating can be provided to convert the surface polaritons back into photons, thereby achieving photon output.

[0108] In this embodiment, by setting a prism or near-field excitation source at one end of the nanowire plasma waveguide, the excitation and transmission characteristics of the photon flow are effectively utilized. When the photon flow passes through the prism or near-field excitation source, it can be converted into surface polaritons. After being transmitted through the nanowire, the surface polaritons are converted into photons at the other end of the nanowire plasma waveguide, which causes the number of photons in the photon flow to decrease, thereby improving the attenuation effect of the number of photons.

[0109] In some embodiments, the nanowire plasma waveguide is connected to the photon detector 230 via an optical fiber.

[0110] In this embodiment, the nanowire plasma waveguide and photon detector are connected by optical fiber, which reduces the loss and reflection of optical signals during transmission and improves the reliability of random number generation.

[0111] In some embodiments, the light source 210, the optical waveguide 220, the photon detector 230, and the data processing device 240 are integrated on a chip.

[0112] In this embodiment, the light source 210, optical waveguide 220, photon detector 230, and data processing device 240 occupy a small chip area, and the photon detector 230 and optical waveguide 220 can be easily integrated with silicon-based chips to realize quantum random number generation within a single chip.

[0113] In this embodiment, by integrating the light source, optical waveguide, photon detector, and data processing device onto a chip, external connections and space requirements are reduced, and the quantum random number transmission device is made chip-based.

[0114] In one example, the workflow of the quantum random number generator 200 includes:

[0115] A laser source emits a certain number of photons at random intervals. These photons diffract at the incident grating of the nanowire plasmonic waveguide, forming surface polaritons. The surface polaritons propagate along the nanowire to the exit grating, where they are converted back into photons and emitted. These re-emitted photons are detected by a single-photon detector. Each time the single-photon detector detects a photon, it generates a pulse signal and sends it to a digitization module. The digitization module uses the position of the pulse signal within each time interval to generate a binary digital signal as the original random number and sends it to a post-processing module. The post-processing module extracts a one-bit true random number from the multiple-bit original random number using Toplitz matrix operations or other methods and outputs it.

[0116] In this example, the purpose of using a laser light source is to make the light source easier to control and to concentrate the emitted photons, so that the photons can be better concentrated at the incident grating of the nanowire plasma waveguide to form surface plasma.

[0117] This application also provides a quantum random number generation method. This quantum random number generation method can be applied to a terminal, specifically executed by hardware or software within the terminal.

[0118] The terminal includes, but is not limited to, portable communication devices such as mobile phones or tablets with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touchscreen displays and / or touchpads). It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the terminal may not be a portable communication device, but rather a desktop computer with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touchscreen displays and / or touchpads).

[0119] The following embodiments describe a terminal including a display and a touch-sensitive surface. However, it should be understood that the terminal may include one or more other physical user interface devices such as a physical keyboard, mouse, and joystick.

[0120] The quantum random number generation method provided in this application embodiment can be executed by an electronic device or a functional module or entity in an electronic device that can implement the quantum random number generation method. The electronic devices mentioned in this application embodiment include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, computers, cameras, and wearable devices. The following uses an electronic device as the execution subject to illustrate the quantum random number generation method provided in this application embodiment.

[0121] like Figure 6 As shown, the quantum random number generation method includes steps 610, 620 and 630.

[0122] Step 610: Control the light source to emit a photon stream into the optical waveguide so that the optical waveguide attenuates the number of photons in the photon stream and outputs photons to the photon detector;

[0123] Step 620: Acquire the pulse signal sent by the photon detector; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide;

[0124] Step 630: Generate quantum random numbers based on the pulse signal.

[0125] According to the quantum random number generation method of this application, a photon stream is emitted from a light source into an optical waveguide, causing the waveguide to attenuate the number of photons in the stream, and then outputting photons to a photon detector. A pulse signal sent by the photon detector is acquired; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; and a quantum random number is generated based on the pulse signal. This embodiment utilizes the optical properties of the optical waveguide. During the photon stream's passage through the waveguide, absorption and scattering occur, thereby reducing the photon stream density and decreasing the number of photons reaching the photon detector. Compared to attenuating the number of photons through a combination of free-space optical paths and optical elements, the optical waveguide is smaller and more suitable for integration with silicon chips, thus reducing the space occupied by the quantum entropy source and promoting the miniaturization and chip-based development of quantum random number generators.

[0126] In some embodiments, generating quantum random numbers based on pulse signals includes:

[0127] A binary digital signal is generated based on the arrival time of photons in the pulse signal as the original random number;

[0128] Extract a single bit from a multi-bit original random number to create a quantum random number.

[0129] The quantum random number generation method provided in this application can be executed by a quantum random number generation device. This application uses an example of a quantum random number generation device executing the quantum random number generation method to illustrate the quantum random number generation device provided in this application.

[0130] This application also provides a quantum random number generation device.

[0131] like Figure 7 As shown, the quantum random number generator includes:

[0132] The control module 710 is used to control the light source to emit a photon stream into the optical waveguide, so that the optical waveguide attenuates the number of photons in the photon stream and outputs photons to the photon detector;

[0133] The acquisition module 720 is used to acquire the pulse signal sent by the photon detector; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide.

[0134] The generation module 730 is used to generate quantum random numbers based on pulse signals.

[0135] According to the quantum random number generation device of this application, a photon stream is emitted into an optical waveguide by a light source, causing the optical waveguide to attenuate the number of photons in the photon stream, and then outputting photons to a photon detector; a pulse signal sent by the photon detector is acquired; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; and a quantum random number is generated based on the pulse signal. This embodiment of the application utilizes the optical properties of the optical waveguide. During the photon stream's passage through the optical waveguide, absorption and scattering occur, thereby reducing the photon stream density and decreasing the number of photons reaching the photon detector. Compared to attenuating the number of photons through a combination of free-space optical paths and optical elements, the optical waveguide is smaller and more suitable for integration with silicon chips, thus reducing the space occupied by the quantum entropy source and promoting the miniaturization and chip-based development of quantum random number generators.

[0136] In some embodiments, the generation module 730 is further configured to:

[0137] A binary digital signal is generated based on the arrival time of photons in the pulse signal as the original random number;

[0138] Extract a single bit from a multi-bit original random number to create a quantum random number.

[0139] The quantum random number generation device in this application embodiment can be an electronic device or a component within an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other devices besides a terminal. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, PDA, in-vehicle electronic device, mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, or personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. It can also be a server, network attached storage (NAS), personal computer (PC), television (TV), ATM, or self-service machine, etc. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the device.

[0140] The quantum random number generator in this application embodiment can be a device with an operating system. This operating system can be Microsoft Windows, Android, iOS, or other possible operating systems; this application embodiment does not specifically limit its use.

[0141] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, this application embodiment also provides an electronic device 800, including a processor 801, a memory 802, and a computer program stored in the memory 802 and executable on the processor 801. When the program is executed by the processor 801, it implements the various processes of the above-described quantum random number generation method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0142] It should be noted that the electronic devices in the embodiments of this application include the aforementioned mobile electronic devices and non-mobile electronic devices.

[0143] This application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the various processes of the above-described quantum random number generation method embodiments and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0144] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0145] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described quantum random number generation method.

[0146] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0147] This application also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface and the processor are coupled. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described quantum random number generation method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0148] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0149] This application also provides a silicon-based chip, which includes the above-described quantum random number generator.

[0150] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0151] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a computer software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0152] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

[0153] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0154] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generator, characterized in that, include: A light source used to emit a stream of photons into an optical waveguide; An optical waveguide is used to attenuate the number of photons in a photon stream and output photons to a photon detector. The optical waveguide includes a nanowire plasma waveguide, which comprises nanowires. The length of the nanowires in the nanowire plasma waveguide is determined based on at least one of the nanowire's material, its shape, and the wavelength of light emitted from the light source. A prism or near-field excitation source is disposed at one end of the nanowire plasma waveguide. After passing through the prism or near-field excitation source, the photon stream is converted into surface polaritons. These surface polaritons are then transmitted through the nanowires and converted back into photons at the other end of the nanowire plasma waveguide. The degree of photon attenuation is controlled by the length and material properties of the nanowires. A photon detector is used to receive photons output from the optical waveguide and generate a pulse signal based on the arrival time of the photons, and send the pulse signal to a data processing device. The data processing device is used to generate quantum random numbers based on the pulse signal; the data processing device includes a digitization processing module and a post-processing module; the digitization processing module is used to generate a binary digital signal as an original random number based on the photon arrival time in the pulse signal, and send the original random number to the post-processing module; the post-processing module is used to extract one bit from the original random number of multiple bits as a quantum random number; the step of generating a binary digital signal as an original random number based on the photon arrival time in the pulse signal includes: dividing the time into multiple fixed time intervals, generating a corresponding binary digital signal according to the pulse signal situation in each time interval, wherein the outputs of multiple time intervals form a binary sequence, constituting the original random number.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanowires of the nanowire plasma waveguide are made of materials including gold or silver.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanowire plasma waveguide includes an incident grating and an exit grating. The photon flow is converted into surface polaritons after passing through the incident grating. The surface polaritons are transmitted through the nanowire to the exit grating, where they are converted back into photons and output.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanowire plasma waveguide is connected to the photon detector via an optical fiber.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source includes a laser diode, a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser, a light-emitting diode, or a superluminescent light-emitting diode.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source, the optical waveguide, the photon detector, and the data processing device are integrated on a chip.

7. A silicon-based chip, characterized in that, Includes the quantum random number generator as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A method for generating quantum random numbers, characterized in that, include: A light source is controlled to emit a photon stream into an optical waveguide, causing the waveguide to attenuate the number of photons in the stream before outputting photons to a photon detector. The optical waveguide includes a nanowire plasma waveguide, which comprises nanowires. The length of the nanowires in the plasma waveguide is determined based on at least one of the nanowire's material, shape, and wavelength of the light emitted from the light source. A prism or near-field excitation source is disposed at one end of the plasma waveguide. After passing through the prism or near-field excitation source, the photon stream is converted into surface polaritons. These surface polaritons are then transmitted through the nanowires and converted back into photons at the other end of the plasma waveguide. The degree of photon attenuation is controlled by the length and material properties of the nanowires. Acquire the pulse signal sent by the photon detector; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; Generating quantum random numbers based on the pulse signal; including: Generate a binary digital signal as an original random number based on the photon arrival time in the pulse signal; extract one bit as a quantum random number from the original random number of multiple bits; the step of generating a binary digital signal as an original random number based on the photon arrival time in the pulse signal includes: dividing the time into multiple fixed time intervals, generating a corresponding binary digital signal according to the pulse signal situation in each time interval, wherein the outputs of multiple time intervals form a binary sequence, constituting the original random number.

9. A quantum random number generation device, characterized in that, include: A control module is used to control the light source to emit a photon stream into an optical waveguide, so that the optical waveguide attenuates the number of photons in the photon stream and outputs photons to a photon detector. The optical waveguide includes a nanowire plasma waveguide, which includes nanowires. The length of the nanowires in the nanowire plasma waveguide is determined according to at least one of the fabrication material of the nanowires, the shape of the nanowires, and the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source. A prism or a near-field excitation source is provided at one end of the nanowire plasma waveguide. After passing through the prism or the near-field excitation source, the photon stream is converted into surface polaritons. After being transmitted through the nanowires, the surface polaritons are converted into photons at the other end of the nanowire plasma waveguide. The attenuation of photons is controlled by the length and material properties of the nanowires. The acquisition module is used to acquire the pulse signal sent by the photon detector; the pulse signal is generated by the photon detector based on the arrival time of the photons output from the optical waveguide; A generation module, used to generate quantum random numbers based on the pulse signal, includes: Generate a binary digital signal as an original random number based on the photon arrival time in the pulse signal; extract one bit as a quantum random number from the original random number of multiple bits; the step of generating a binary digital signal as an original random number based on the photon arrival time in the pulse signal includes: dividing the time into multiple fixed time intervals, generating a corresponding binary digital signal according to the pulse signal situation in each time interval, wherein the outputs of multiple time intervals form a binary sequence, constituting the original random number.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method as described in claim 8.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in claim 8.

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