A low-loss control system and method for a corn sheller

Abstract

The application discloses a low-loss control system and method of a corn thresher, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, which comprises a core discharge bin, a threshing bin and a feeding bin arranged in the corn thresher, and a grid assembly matched with a threshing roller is arranged in the threshing bin; the grid assembly comprises a thin rod, a first movable plate, a middle rod, a second movable plate and a thick rod. The grid assembly is provided with an adjustable partition, and is matched with the threshing roller, so that the control mode of the system can be adjusted, and the control function is no longer single. Meanwhile, the thin rod, the first movable plate, the middle rod, the second movable plate and the thick rod in the grid assembly can adapt to different stages of the threshing of corn in the threshing bin, the corresponding regions of the grid assembly are changed in position and adjusted in stroke according to different threshing difficulties, and the rotation speed of the threshing roller is adjusted, so that the low-loss control of the threshing of corn is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically a low-loss control system and method for a corn thresher. Background Technology

[0002] Manually harvesting corn is labor-intensive, inefficient, and results in significant yield loss. Therefore, corn threshers are typically used to thresh the harvested corn.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, low-loss corn threshing is affected by various factors of the corn harvester, requiring real-time adjustment of the harvester's operating parameters to achieve the optimal working range. Currently, corn harvester control functions are limited, only adjusting the rotation speed or the gap of the grid, resulting in a single control adjustment method for low-loss threshing. Furthermore, the threshing process within the threshing machine is linear, progressing from more to less until complete threshing. Analyzing the incompletely threshed cobs and the kernels lost due to the threshing machine's influence reveals that the grid plates within the threshing chamber cannot be adjusted according to the linear changes in corn threshing. For example, different stages of corn threshing—the stage where kernels are completely threshed, the stage where kernels are continuously detaching from the cob, and the stage where residual kernels remain on the cob—correspond to different levels of threshing difficulty and require corresponding grid gaps. However, existing corn threshing machines, whether adjusting the overall grid gap, cannot adapt to these different stages within the threshing chamber, easily leading to incomplete threshing of the cob or broken kernels, i.e., high-loss threshing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a low-loss control system and method for a corn thresher, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a low-loss control system for a corn thresher, including a coking chamber, a threshing chamber, and a feeding chamber installed inside the corn thresher. A threshing roller is rotatably installed inside the corn thresher. Threshing blocks are arranged in a ring array on a portion of the outer wall of the threshing roller inside the threshing chamber. A grid assembly adapted to the threshing roller is installed inside the threshing chamber. The grid assembly includes thin rods spaced in a ring, a first movable plate slidably mounted on the thin rods, a middle rod slidably sleeved on the thin rods and spaced in a ring on one side of the first movable plate, a second movable plate slidably mounted on the middle rod, and a thick rod slidably sleeved on the middle rod and spaced in a ring on one side of the second movable plate.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the middle rod is 2 / 3 of the length of the thin rod, and the length of the thick rod is 1 / 3 of the length of the thin rod.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower parts of the threshing chamber are respectively rotatably installed with bidirectional screws passing through the first movable plate and the second movable plate, and the first movable plate and the second movable plate are provided with connecting seats that are threadedly connected to the bidirectional screws at the positions where the bidirectional screws pass through.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower bidirectional screws are connected by a second transmission device installed on one side, and a second motor with an output end connected to one side of the lower bidirectional screw is provided.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a core discharge port is provided on one side of the core discharge bin, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the threshing bin, and a feed port is provided at the top of the feeding bin.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the threshing roller is provided with a core discharge plate adapted to the core discharge port on a portion of the outer wall inside the core discharge bin, and a feeding screw is provided on a portion of the outer wall inside the feeding bin.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first motor is installed at the bottom of the corn thresher, and the output end of the first motor is connected to the threshing roller via a first transmission device.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a control center, which is electrically connected to the first motor and the second motor via a bus, and adjusts the first motor and the second motor based on the results of core feeding and material feeding.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a control method for a low-loss control system of a corn thresher includes the following steps: S1. During the operation of the corn thresher, the threshing roller speed, the quality of the cob discharge, and the working position information of the first and second movable plates in the grid assembly are collected in real time, and the collected information is transmitted to the control center. S2. Based on the received real-time information, the controller center performs comparison and calculation, and then sends the calculated result to the first motor or the second motor in the form of a control signal via the bus. S3. After receiving the control signal, the first motor adjusts the speed of the threshing roller through the output end, thereby controlling the movement speed of the corn between the bins; the second motor controls the rotation of the bidirectional screw through the output end to adjust the position of the first and second movable plates in the threshing bin, thereby realizing the adjustment of the stroke and position of the grid assembly in different working areas, and ultimately achieving the control of reducing grain loss.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention discloses a low-loss control system and method for a corn thresher. By setting adjustable partitions in the grid assembly and cooperating with the threshing roller, the system can increase the number of adjustable control methods, making the control function no longer singular. At the same time, through the setting of thin rods, first movable plate, middle rod, second movable plate, and thick rod in the grid assembly, the system can adapt to different stages of corn threshing in the threshing chamber. According to the different difficulties of threshing, the position and stroke of different corresponding areas of the grid assembly are changed. Combined with the adjustment of the threshing roller speed, low-loss control of corn threshing is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the corn thresher of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of the corn thresher of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a partial sectional view of the corn thresher of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is an enlarged structural diagram of point A of the corn thresher of the present invention.

[0019] The text labels in the diagram represent: 1. Corn thresher; 2. Feed inlet; 3. Coke discharge inlet; 4. Discharge outlet; 5. First motor; 6. Threshing roller; 7. Coke discharge plate; 8. Threshing block; 9. Feeding screw; 10. Coke discharge bin; 11. Threshing bin; 12. Feed bin; 13. Thin rod; 14. First movable plate; 15. Middle rod; 16. Second movable plate; 17. Thick rod; 18. Connecting seat; 19. Bidirectional screw; 20. First transmission device; 21. Second transmission device; 22. Second motor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. The description in this section is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a low-loss control system for a corn thresher includes a cob discharge chamber 10, a threshing chamber 11, and a feeding chamber 12 disposed within the corn thresher 1. A threshing roller 6 is rotatably mounted at the center of the corn thresher 1. Threshing blocks 8 are arranged in a ring array on a portion of the outer wall of the threshing roller 6 within the threshing chamber 11. A grid assembly adapted to the threshing roller 6 is disposed within the threshing chamber 11. That is, by cooperating with the rotation of the threshing roller 6, the threshing blocks 8 and the grid assembly form a dynamic friction zone, accelerating the separation of the corn cob from the kernel, i.e., the corn is threshed. The grid assembly includes thin rods 13 spaced in a ring. A first movable plate 14 is slidably mounted on the thin rods 13. A middle rod 15 is slidably sleeved on the thin rods 13 and arranged in a ring on one side of the first movable plate 14. A second movable plate 16 is slidably mounted on the middle rod 15 and a thick rod 17 is slidably sleeved on the middle rod 15 and arranged in a ring on one side of the second movable plate 16. That is, the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 divide the threshing chamber 11 into different areas, each containing either the thin rods 13, the middle rods 15, or the thick rods 17. The thin rods 13, the middle rods 15, and the thick rods 17, which move with the plates, form a three-layer nested structure, ultimately creating a multi-area, interconnected, and adjustable grid assembly. Different regions correspond to varying degrees of extrusion intensity. For example, the gaps between the coarse rods 17 are small with a large contact area, corresponding to the stage where the kernels on the mandrel are fully threshed, creating a gap on the mandrel for rapid threshing. The gaps between the medium rods 15 are moderate with a moderate contact area, corresponding to the stage where the kernels on the mandrel are continuously detaching, which is also the smoothest stage of corn threshing, allowing for rapid threshing without damaging the kernels. The gaps between the thin rods 13 are large with a small contact area, corresponding to the stage where residual kernels remain on the mandrel, which is also the stage where the kernels on the mandrel are most difficult to detach, allowing for complete threshing without causing secondary damage to the kernels. In other words, the coarse rods 17, medium rods 15, and thin rods 13 correspond to regions where the threshing intensity gradually increases.

[0022] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the length of the middle rod 15 is 2 / 3 of the length of the thin rod 13, and the length of the thick rod 17 is 1 / 3 of the length of the thin rod.

[0023] Specifically, the design of the middle rod 15 being 2 / 3 the length of the thin rod 13 and the thick rod 17 being 1 / 3 ensures that the movement range of the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 does not interfere with each other, avoiding jamming or structural deformation caused by overlapping strokes; at the same time, the length ratio design makes the thin rod 13, the middle rod 15, and the thick rod 17 form a step-by-step support structure similar to a "telescopic rod", dispersing the impact force of the corn cob during the threshing process, and the initial "equal division" of each area can better adapt to the required regional adjustments.

[0024] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the upper and lower parts of the threshing chamber 11 are respectively rotatably installed with bidirectional screws 19 that pass through the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16. The first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 are provided with connecting seats 18 that are threadedly connected to the bidirectional screws 19 at the positions where the bidirectional screws 19 pass through.

[0025] Specifically, the bidirectional screw 19 is threadedly engaged with the connecting seat 18, that is, rotating the bidirectional screw 19 drives the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 to slide along the length direction of the rods in the grid assembly, so as to realize the continuous and synchronous adjustment of the grid assembly without stopping the machine.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the upper and lower bidirectional screws 19 are connected by a second transmission device 21 installed on one side, and a second motor 22 with an output end connected to the lower bidirectional screw 19 is provided on one side of the lower part.

[0027] Specifically, through the second transmission device 21, which in this embodiment is a transmission connection between the tension wheel, the synchronous wheel, and the synchronous belt, the synchronous rotation of the upper and lower bidirectional screws 19 is realized, ensuring that the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 always move in parallel, avoiding deformation or jamming of the grid assembly due to positional deviation, and further improving the operability of the system.

[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the core discharge chamber 10 has a core discharge port 3 on one side, the threshing chamber 11 has a discharge port 4 at the bottom, and the feeding chamber 12 has a feeding port 2 at the top.

[0029] Specifically, the corn cob discharge port 3 is located on the side of the corn cob discharge chamber 10, and the centrifugal force of the threshing roller 6 is used to efficiently discharge the corn cob; the discharge port 4 is located at the bottom of the threshing chamber 11, and the kernels are discharged efficiently by gravity; the top of the feed port 12 is designed in conjunction with the feed screw 9 to ensure that the corn is fed evenly and avoids accumulation, and in this embodiment, the three chambers are separated to avoid mixing.

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the threshing roller 6 has a core discharge plate 7 that is adapted to the core discharge port 3 on a portion of the outer wall inside the core discharge bin 10, and a feeding screw 9 is provided on a portion of the outer wall inside the feeding bin 12.

[0031] Specifically, the cob discharge plate 7 is a scraper that pushes the corn cobs to move in a directional manner to the cob discharge port 3 within the cob discharge bin 10 to avoid blockage; the feeding screw 9 evenly conveys the corn to the threshing bin 11 within the feeding bin 12 to prevent load fluctuations on the threshing roller 6 caused by uneven feeding.

[0032] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a first motor 5 is installed at the bottom of the corn thresher 1, and the output end of the first motor 5 is connected to the threshing roller 6 through a first transmission device 20.

[0033] Specifically, the first motor 5 drives the threshing roller 6 through the first transmission device 20. In this embodiment, the first transmission device 20 is a belt transmission device. The control center can adjust the speed of the first motor 5 in real time according to the feedback of the grain breakage rate or the core discharge speed.

[0034] Furthermore, it also includes a control center, which is electrically connected to the first motor 5 and the second motor 22 via a bus, and adjusts the first motor 5 and the second motor 22 based on the results of core feeding and material feeding.

[0035] Specifically, in this embodiment, sensors (existing technology, not shown in the figure) are used to collect the threshing roller speed and the quality of cob / material discharge in real time (in this embodiment, visual inspection of corn cob integrity and weighing sensor monitoring of grain flow rate are used), and combined with the grid component position information, a closed-loop feedback is formed; the control center dynamically adjusts the first motor 5 and the second motor 22 through the PID control algorithm to achieve coordinated real-time optimization of threshing intensity and speed.

[0036] Furthermore, a control method for a low-loss control system of a corn thresher includes the following steps: S1. During the operation of the corn thresher 1, the rotation speed of the thresher roller 6, the quality of the cob discharge, and the working position information of the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 in the grid assembly are collected in real time, and the collected information is transmitted to the control center; that is, by integrating multi-dimensional data such as the rotation speed of the thresher roller 6, the quality of the cob discharge, and the position of the area in the grid assembly, the thresher operation status is comprehensively evaluated.

[0037] S2. Based on the received real-time information, the controller center performs comparison and calculation, and then sends the calculated result to the first motor 5 or the second motor 22 via the bus in the form of a control signal; that is, the control center uses a logic algorithm to calculate the optimal adjustment strategy.

[0038] S3. Upon receiving the control signal, the first motor 5 adjusts the rotation speed of the threshing roller 6 through its output terminal, thereby controlling the movement speed of the corn between the bins. The second motor 22 controls the rotation of the bidirectional screw 19 through its output terminal to adjust the position of the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 inside the threshing bin 11, thereby adjusting the stroke and position of different action areas of the grid assembly. In this way, by reducing the grain breakage rate and improving the threshing effect, the control of grain loss is ultimately achieved. The first motor 5 adjusts the rotation speed to control the movement speed of the corn, avoiding material accumulation or idling in the threshing bin 11. The second motor 22 adjusts the action areas within the grid assembly.

[0039] In a specific case, step S3 may involve adjustments including the following: The corn is not completely threshed, and there are residual kernels on the cob. The second motor 22 is driven to adjust the grid assembly, so that the area exposed by the thin rod 13 is increased and the area exposed by the middle rod 15 is shortened (reducing the distance between the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 in the threshing chamber 11), that is, increasing the threshing intensity of the grid assembly in the threshing chamber 11. At the same time, the rotation speed of the threshing roller 6 is adaptively reduced. The corn cob is completely threshed, but damage to the kernels is detected. The second motor 22 is driven to adjust the grid assembly, reducing the area exposed by the thin rod 13 and increasing the area exposed by the middle rod 15 (increasing the distance between the first movable plate 14 and the second movable plate 16 in the threshing chamber 11), thereby reducing the threshing intensity of the grid assembly in the threshing chamber 11. At the same time, the rotation speed of the threshing roller 6 is adaptively reduced. When the corn threshing operation is too slow or too fast, the rotation speed of the threshing roller 6 is increased or decreased by the first motor 5; and the grid assembly is adjusted synchronously according to the results of the mandrel and kernels.

[0040] According to the above embodiments, the present invention discloses a low-loss control system and method for a corn thresher. By setting adjustable partitions in the grid assembly and cooperating with the threshing roller 6, the system can increase the number of adjustable control methods, making the control function no longer singular. At the same time, by setting up structures such as the thin rod 13, the first movable plate 14, the middle rod 15, the second movable plate 16, and the thick rod 17 in the grid assembly, the system can adapt to different stages of corn threshing in the threshing chamber 11. According to the different difficulties of threshing, the position and stroke of the grid assembly are changed in different corresponding areas. Combined with the adjustment of the rotation speed of the threshing roller 6, low-loss control of corn threshing is achieved.

[0041] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Specific examples have been used in this document to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the technical solutions of this application. The above examples are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be pointed out that, due to the limitations of written expression and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of this application, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner; these improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the patent concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A control method for a low-loss control system of a corn thresher, characterized in that, The control system includes a coking chamber (10), a threshing chamber (11), and a feeding chamber (12) located within a corn thresher (1). A threshing roller (6) is rotatably installed inside the corn thresher (1). Threshing blocks (8) are arranged in a ring array on a portion of the outer wall of the threshing roller (6) within the threshing chamber (11). A grid assembly adapted to the threshing roller (6) is provided inside the threshing chamber (11). The grid assembly includes thin rods (13) arranged in a ring at intervals. A first movable plate (14) is slidably installed on the thin rods (13). A middle rod (15) is slidably sleeved on the thin rods (13) at intervals on one side of the first movable plate (14). A second movable plate (16) is slidably installed on the middle rod (15). A thick rod (17) is slidably sleeved on the middle rod (15) at intervals on one side of the second movable plate (16). 5) The length of the thin rod (13) is 2 / 3 of the length of the thick rod (17), and the length of the thick rod (17) is 1 / 3 of the length of the thin rod. The upper and lower parts of the threshing chamber (11) are respectively rotatably installed with bidirectional screws (19) that pass through the first movable plate (14) and the second movable plate (16). The first movable plate (14) and the second movable plate (16) are provided with connecting seats (18) that are threadedly connected to the bidirectional screws (19) at the position where the bidirectional screws (19) pass through. The upper and lower bidirectional screws (19) are connected by a second transmission device (21) installed on one side. The lower bidirectional screw (19) is provided with a second motor (22) connected to the output end on one side. The bottom of the corn thresher (1) is equipped with a first motor (5). The output end of the first motor (5) is connected to the threshing roller (6) through the first transmission device (20). It also includes a control center, which is electrically connected to the first motor (5) and the second motor (22) via a bus, and adjusts the first motor (5) and the second motor (22) based on the results of core feeding and material feeding; Control method of low-loss control system for corn thresher: Includes the following steps: S1. During the operation of the corn thresher (1), the rotation speed of the threshing roller (6), the quality of the cob discharge and material discharge, and the working position information of the first movable plate (14) and the second movable plate (16) in the grid assembly are collected in real time, and the collected information is transmitted to the control center. S2. Based on the received real-time information, the controller central unit performs comparison and calculation, and then sends the calculated result to the first motor (5) or the second motor (22) via the bus in the form of a control signal. S3. After receiving the control signal, the first motor (5) adjusts the speed of the threshing roller (6) through the output end, thereby controlling the speed of corn movement between the bins; the second motor (22) controls the rotation of the bidirectional screw (19) through the output end to adjust the position of the first movable plate (14) and the second movable plate (16) in the threshing bin (11), thereby achieving regulation to reduce grain loss.

2. The control method for a low-loss control system of a corn thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core discharge chamber (10) has a core discharge port (3) on one side, the threshing chamber (11) has a discharge port (4) at the bottom, and the feeding chamber (12) has a feeding port (2) at the top.

3. The control method for a low-loss control system of a corn thresher according to claim 2, characterized in that, The threshing roller (6) has a core discharge plate (7) that is adapted to the core discharge port (3) on a portion of the outer wall inside the core discharge bin (10), and a feeding screw (9) is provided on a portion of the outer wall inside the feeding bin (12).

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