A method for detecting an axial parallelism error and related apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a shaft parallelism error detection method and related equipment, and relates to the technical field of parallelism. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring diameter data of a reference shaft and a to-be-detected shaft; determining a first diameter variation of the reference shaft and a second diameter variation of the to-be-detected shaft based on the diameter data; acquiring a generatrix displacement variation of the to-be-detected shaft; and determining a parallelism error between the reference shaft and the to-be-detected shaft based on a combined relationship of the first diameter variation, the second diameter variation and the generatrix displacement variation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of parallelism technology, and in particular to a method and related equipment for detecting shaft parallelism error. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mechanical manufacturing, parallelism error detection of shaft parts is a crucial step in ensuring equipment accuracy and performance. Traditional parallelism detection methods typically rely on simple distance measurements or bubble levels. While these methods are easy to operate, they are prone to significant errors. For example, current technology often judges parallelism by measuring the distance between the two ends on the same side of two shafts. However, when the two shafts are intersecting, the distance measurements may be identical, leading to misjudgment. Furthermore, bubble levels themselves may have inherent errors, further affecting the accuracy of the detection results. With the ever-increasing precision requirements of industrial manufacturing, there is an urgent need for a method for detecting shaft parallelism errors to address the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The summary section introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. This summary section is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for detecting shaft parallelism error, characterized in that the method includes:

[0005] Obtain the diameter data of the reference axis and the axis to be measured, wherein the diameter data includes the diameter values ​​of the two ends and the middle diameter value of the reference axis, and the diameter values ​​of the two ends and the middle diameter value of the axis to be measured;

[0006] Based on the diameter data, determine the first diameter change of the reference shaft and the second diameter change of the shaft to be measured;

[0007] Obtain the change in busbar displacement of the shaft under test; wherein, the change in busbar displacement is determined based on the change in upper busbar displacement and the change in side busbar displacement, the change in upper busbar displacement is measured by the first dial indicator, and the change in side busbar displacement is measured by the second dial indicator;

[0008] Based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change, the second diameter change, and the generatrix displacement change, the parallelism error between the reference axis and the axis to be measured is determined.

[0009] In some implementations, determining a first diameter change of the reference shaft and a second diameter change of the shaft under test based on diameter data includes:

[0010] The maximum value among the differences between the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter value of the reference axis is determined as the first diameter change.

[0011] The maximum value among the differences between the diameter values ​​at both ends of the shaft to be measured and the diameter value at the middle is determined as the second diameter change.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method further includes, before obtaining the change in generatric displacement of the shaft under test:

[0013] Set the measuring device at the preset positions of the reference axis and the axis to be measured;

[0014] Based on the leveling structure, the horizontal state of the measuring device is adjusted to optimize the error of the level bubble meter.

[0015] In some embodiments, the step of adjusting the horizontal state of the measuring device includes:

[0016] Center the bubble in the horizontal bubble meter by rotating the leveling screw;

[0017] Obtain the first offset value and the second offset value after rotating 180° of the horizontal bubble meter;

[0018] Based on the first offset value and the second offset value, the systematic error value of the horizontal bubble meter and the correction offset of the workpiece to be measured are calculated, wherein the correction offset is half of the difference between the second offset value and the first offset value; the systematic error value is half of the sum of the second offset value and the first offset value.

[0019] Adjust the level of the measuring device based on the correction offset.

[0020] In some implementations, obtaining the change in generatric displacement of the shaft under test includes:

[0021] The measuring head of the first dial indicator is brought into contact with the upper generatrix of the shaft to be measured, and the measuring device is moved along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured. The change value of the pointer of the first dial indicator is recorded to obtain the displacement change of the upper generatrix.

[0022] The measuring head of the second dial indicator is brought into contact with the side generatrix of the shaft to be measured, and the measuring device is moved along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured. The change value of the pointer of the second dial indicator is recorded to obtain the displacement change of the side generatrix.

[0023] In some implementations, the parallelism error between the reference axis and the axis to be measured is determined based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change, the second diameter change, and the generatrix displacement change, including:

[0024] When the changes in the first diameter and the second diameter are both less than the preset threshold, the parallelism error is the change in the displacement of the busbar.

[0025] When the change in the first diameter or the change in the second diameter is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the change in busbar displacement is compensated based on the change in the first diameter and the change in the second diameter to obtain the parallelism error; wherein, the change in busbar displacement is the maximum value of the difference between the change in upper busbar displacement and the change in side busbar displacement.

[0026] In some implementations, the preset threshold is a threshold determined based on the taper value of the reference axis and the axis to be measured, wherein the taper value is the absolute value of the difference between the first diameter change and the second diameter change divided by the value of the second diameter change.

[0027] Secondly, this application proposes a device for detecting shaft parallelism error, comprising:

[0028] The shaft diameter data acquisition unit is used to acquire the diameter data of the reference shaft and the shaft to be measured. The diameter data includes the diameter values ​​of the two ends and the middle diameter of the reference shaft, as well as the diameter values ​​of the two ends and the middle diameter of the shaft to be measured.

[0029] The diameter change determination unit determines the first diameter change of the reference shaft and the second diameter change of the shaft to be measured based on the diameter data.

[0030] The busbar displacement acquisition unit is used to acquire the busbar displacement change of the shaft under test; wherein, the busbar displacement change is determined based on the upper busbar displacement change and the side busbar displacement change, the upper busbar displacement change is measured by the first dial indicator, and the side busbar displacement change is measured by the second dial indicator.

[0031] The parallelism error calculation unit determines the parallelism error between the reference axis and the axis to be measured based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change, the second diameter change, and the generatrix displacement change.

[0032] Thirdly, an electronic device includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to implement the steps of the method for detecting axis parallelism error according to any one of the first aspects.

[0033] Fourthly, this application proposes a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a method for detecting axis parallelism error according to any one of the first aspects.

[0034] In summary, this application calculates the diameter change by acquiring the diameter data of the reference axis and the axis to be measured, combining the diameter difference between the two ends and the middle, and simultaneously measuring the displacement change of the generatrix using a dial indicator. The parallelism error is determined by comprehensively considering the combined relationship between the diameter change and the displacement change. This method not only solves the problem that traditional distance measurement methods cannot identify cross-axis errors, but also optimizes the error compensation logic through a threshold determination of the taper value, effectively eliminating the influence of level system errors and axis diameter changes on the detection results, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of parallelism detection. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit this specification. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a method for detecting shaft parallelism error provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the device structure for measuring the parallelism of a horizontal axis provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the device structure for measuring the parallelism of a vertical axis provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the device structure for measuring the parallelism of an inclined axis provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a first schematic diagram of error correction for a horizontal bubble meter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram illustrating the error correction of a horizontal bubble meter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a device for detecting shaft parallelism error provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting shaft parallelism error provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] in, Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows:

[0045] 101 Support, 201 Leveling bubble meter, 301 Leveling structure, 401 First dial indicator, 402 Second dial indicator, 501 Axis to be measured, 601 Reference axis. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus. The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them.

[0047] Please see Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting shaft parallelism error provided in an embodiment of this application, which specifically includes:

[0048] S110. Obtain the diameter data of the reference shaft and the shaft to be measured, wherein the diameter data includes the diameter values ​​of the two ends and the middle diameter value of the reference shaft, and the diameter values ​​of the two ends and the middle diameter value of the shaft to be measured.

[0049] For example, obtaining the diameter data of the reference shaft and the shaft under test is to quantify the diameter variation characteristics of the shafts, thereby providing basic parameters for calculating parallelism error. The diameter difference between the reference shaft and the shaft under test may be caused by manufacturing errors, long-term wear, or fluctuations in material properties, directly affecting the determination of the parallelism between the two shafts. By measuring the diameter values ​​at different locations, the diameter distribution characteristics along the length direction of the shaft can be reflected, such as taper or non-uniform deformation. These characteristics directly affect the relative spatial relationship between the two shafts and are key evidence for evaluating parallelism error.

[0050] The diameter variations of the reference shaft and the shaft under test reflect the geometric consistency of the shafts. By comparing these data, local deformation or machining errors of the shaft can be identified, thus clarifying the contribution of diameter variations to parallelism errors. This step provides data support for subsequent error compensation based on the overall generatrix displacement variation, ensuring that the detection method can adapt to the actual geometric state of the shaft and improving the accuracy of parallelism determination.

[0051] S120. Based on the diameter data, determine the first diameter change of the reference shaft and the second diameter change of the shaft to be measured.

[0052] For example, the first and second diameter variations are determined by calculating the maximum difference between the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle of the reference shaft and the shaft under test. This process aims to quantify the local diameter fluctuation characteristics of the shaft, such as taper changes caused by manufacturing deviations or long-term wear. The diameter variation of the reference shaft, serving as a measurement benchmark, reflects the potential source of inherent errors in the system, while the diameter variation of the shaft under test is directly related to the degree of deviation from its actual geometry, providing key parameters for subsequent parallelism error analysis.

[0053] By extracting the maximum difference between the diameters at both ends and the middle, non-uniform deformation or local wear characteristics of the shaft can be effectively captured. This quantification method based on diameter variation not only characterizes the overall taper trend of the shaft but also provides a data foundation for subsequent error compensation logic, ensuring the robustness of parallelism detection results to shaft morphological changes and avoiding misjudgments or missed detections caused by local dimensional fluctuations.

[0054] S130. Obtain the change in busbar displacement of the shaft to be measured; wherein, the change in busbar displacement is determined based on the change in upper busbar displacement and the change in side busbar displacement, the change in upper busbar displacement is measured by the first dial indicator, and the change in side busbar displacement is measured by the second dial indicator.

[0055] For example, the displacement changes of the upper generatrix and side generatrix of the shaft under test are measured by a first dial indicator and a second dial indicator, respectively, to comprehensively evaluate the geometric deviation of the shaft in the vertical and horizontal directions. The displacement change of the upper generatrix reflects the degree of offset of the shaft in the vertical plane, while the displacement change of the side generatrix characterizes the offset trend of the shaft in the horizontal plane. The combination of the two can fully capture the actual shape of the shaft in three-dimensional space and avoid the detection blind spots caused by measurement in a single direction.

[0056] The collaborative measurement design of dual dial indicators effectively solves the problem of parallelism misjudgment caused by cross shafts or local deformation in traditional methods. By simultaneously monitoring the displacement changes of the upper and side generatrices, the tilt or torsion state of the shaft can be identified more accurately, providing multi-dimensional data support for the subsequent accurate calculation of parallelism error and ensuring the adaptability of the test results to the complex geometric features of the shaft.

[0057] S140. Based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change, the second diameter change, and the generatrix displacement change, determine the parallelism error between the reference axis and the axis to be measured.

[0058] For example, by comprehensively considering the combined relationship between the diameter changes of the reference axis and the measured axis and the generatrix displacement changes, the calculation results of the parallelism error are dynamically corrected. The first diameter change of the reference axis reflects its own taper or wear characteristics, and the second diameter change of the measured axis characterizes its morphological deviation. Combined with the displacement changes of the upper and side generatrixes, the actual parallelism of the two axes can be evaluated from two dimensions: axial geometry and spatial offset, avoiding the limitations of single-dimensional detection.

[0059] By analyzing the correlation between diameter variation and displacement variation, this method can adaptively identify the impact of shaft diameter fluctuations on parallelism. When the diameter variation is significant, the displacement variation is compensated and corrected based on the combination relationship; when the diameter variation is negligible, the parallelism error is directly characterized by the displacement variation. This logic effectively balances the superimposed effects of shaft shape differences and spatial offset, ensuring the robustness and accuracy of the detection results under complex working conditions.

[0060] In summary, this application can accurately calculate the parallelism error between two axes by acquiring the diameter data of the reference axis and the axis under test, and combining this with the change in generatrix displacement. This method not only eliminates the systematic error of the level bubble meter but also compensates for the displacement change based on the diameter change, thereby significantly improving detection accuracy. Furthermore, by handling the relationship between the diameter change and a preset threshold in different cases, the accuracy of error calculation is further optimized, achieving efficient, intuitive, and low-cost axis parallelism error detection.

[0061] The method proposed in this application is applicable to the detection of parallelism errors of horizontal, vertical, and inclined axes, wherein the device for measuring the parallelism of horizontal, vertical, and inclined axes is as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the measuring device mainly includes a support 101, a leveling bubble meter 201, a leveling structure 301, a first dial indicator 401, a second dial indicator 402, a shaft to be measured 501, and a reference shaft 601.

[0062] As the fundamental support component of the entire measuring device, bracket 101 provides a stable mounting platform for other components. Whether measuring a horizontal, vertical, or inclined axis, bracket 101 plays an indispensable supporting role, ensuring the relative position of each component remains stable throughout the measurement process and preventing measurement accuracy from being affected by shaking or displacement. When measuring a horizontal axis, bracket 101 must be placed horizontally to provide a stable reference for subsequent measurements; when measuring a vertical axis, bracket 101 must be able to firmly support the device, maintaining a suitable measurement posture with respect to the vertical axis; when measuring an inclined axis, bracket 101 needs to be adjusted accordingly based on the inclination angle of the axis to maintain the balance and stability of the device.

[0063] The bubble level 201 is used to determine the horizontal state of the measuring device. Before measurement, the device needs to be adjusted with the bubble level 201 to ensure it is level, thus reducing measurement errors caused by device tilt. In actual operation, after placing the measuring device on the shaft, the levelness of the device can be visually assessed by observing the position of the bubble within the bubble level 201. If the bubble deviates from the center position, it indicates that the device is tilted, requiring adjustment using the leveling structure 301. The bubble level 201 serves the same purpose when measuring different types of shafts, but during adjustment, it is essential to ensure the device is in the optimal horizontal position for measurement based on the shaft's condition.

[0064] The leveling structure 301 works in conjunction with the bubble level 201. By operating the leveling structure 301, the horizontal state of the measuring device can be adjusted. A common leveling structure 301 may include components such as leveling screws. By rotating the leveling screws, the local height of the device can be changed, thereby centering the bubble in the bubble level 201 and achieving precise leveling of the measuring device. Before measuring the horizontal, vertical, and tilt axes, the leveling structure 301 is required to adjust the device horizontally. For example, when measuring the tilt axis, the adjustment of the leveling structure 301 is more critical, as it must overcome the influence of the axis's tilt to ensure the measuring device is level, thus guaranteeing accurate measurement.

[0065] The first dial indicator 401 and the second dial indicator 402 are key components for measuring the displacement change of the shaft generatrix. The first dial indicator 401 is used to measure the displacement change of the upper generatrix of the shaft 501 under test, and the second dial indicator 402 is used to measure the displacement change of the side generatrix of the shaft 501 under test. During the measurement process, the measuring head of the first dial indicator 401 is brought into contact with the upper generatrix of the shaft 501 under test, and the measuring device is moved along the axial direction of the shaft 501. The change value of the pointer of the first dial indicator 401 is recorded to obtain the displacement change of the upper generatrix. Similarly, the measuring head of the second dial indicator 402 is brought into contact with the side generatrix of the shaft 501 under test, and the measuring device is moved along the axial direction. The change value of the pointer of the second dial indicator 402 is recorded to obtain the displacement change of the side generatrix. When measuring horizontal, vertical, and inclined axes, the dial indicator operates on the same principle. However, during operation, the installation and measurement angle of the dial indicator must be flexibly adjusted according to the position and direction of the axis to ensure that the measuring head can accurately contact the busbar and obtain precise displacement change data.

[0066] The axis under test 501 is the object whose parallelism error needs to be detected, while the reference axis 601 serves as the measurement benchmark. Before measurement, the diameter data of the reference axis 601 and the axis under test 501 need to be obtained, including the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter value. These data are used to calculate the first and second diameter changes, providing crucial parameters for subsequent parallelism error calculations. Throughout the measurement process, the relative positional relationship between the reference axis 601 and the axis under test 501 is the core focus. By comprehensively analyzing their diameter changes and generatrix displacement changes, the parallelism error between the two axes is determined. Whether the measurement scenario involves a horizontal, vertical, or inclined axis, the measurement and calculation work revolves around these two axes.

[0067] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the reference shaft 601 and the shaft under test 501 are cylindrical structures extending axially. The diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter value represent three key cross-sectional measurement points along the axial extension direction of the shaft. Specifically: the diameter values ​​at both ends correspond to the diameters of the cross-sections at the two ends of the shaft's axial direction, i.e., the starting and ending ends of the shaft in the extension direction; the middle diameter value is the diameter of the middle cross-section of the shaft's axial direction, located at the center between the two ends, or typically selected near the midpoint along the shaft's length. The measurement of these diameter values ​​is based on the geometric symmetry of the shaft. By obtaining the diameter difference between the two ends and the middle cross-section, the taper or local deformation characteristics of the shaft can be effectively characterized. Combined with the detection method of this application, these data provide the basic input for calculating the diameter changes of the reference shaft 601 and the shaft under test 501, and are then analyzed in conjunction with the generatrix displacement change to ensure accurate determination of parallelism error. This definition method takes into account both the three-dimensional extension characteristics of the shaft and the scientific nature of the detection logic, and is suitable for multi-scenario detection needs of horizontal, vertical, and inclined shafts.

[0068] When using this device to detect shaft parallelism error, the measuring device is first placed on the reference shaft 601 and the test shaft 501 of the workpiece to be measured. The device is then adjusted to a horizontal state using the leveling structure 301 and the bubble level 201. Next, the diameter data of the reference shaft 601 and the test shaft 501 are acquired, and their respective diameter changes are calculated. Then, the displacement changes of the upper and side generatrices of the test shaft 501 are measured using the first dial indicator 401 and the second dial indicator 402, respectively. Finally, based on the combined relationship between the diameter change and the generatrice displacement change, the parallelism error between the reference shaft 601 and the test shaft 501 is determined. This complete device structure and detection method effectively overcomes the shortcomings of traditional measurement methods, improves the accuracy and reliability of shaft parallelism error detection, and meets the high-precision measurement requirements of industrial manufacturing.

[0069] In some instances, based on diameter data, the first diameter change of the reference shaft and the second diameter change of the shaft under test are determined, including:

[0070] The maximum value among the differences between the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter value of the reference axis is determined as the first diameter change.

[0071] The maximum value among the differences between the diameter values ​​at both ends of the shaft to be measured and the diameter value at the middle is determined as the second diameter change.

[0072] For example, the diameter values ​​at both ends of the reference shaft 601 (i.e., the diameters of the starting and ending ends in the axial extension direction) and the diameter value at the middle (i.e., the diameter of the axial center section) are obtained. The difference between the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter of the reference shaft 601 is calculated, and the maximum value of this difference is selected as the first diameter change. This logic is based on the assumption of the shaft's geometric symmetry; the maximum value reflects the maximum local diameter deviation of the reference shaft 601 during axial extension due to manufacturing errors, long-term wear, or material deformation. Similarly, the same operation is performed on the shaft 501 under test, calculating the difference between its diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter, and selecting the maximum value as the second diameter change.

[0073] The core principle behind choosing the maximum difference as the diameter change is that in actual use scenarios, local deformation or wear often exhibits non-uniform distribution characteristics. For example, under long-term stress, the reference shaft 601 may show significant wear at one end, while the middle area remains relatively stable. By capturing the maximum difference between the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle, the overall taper trend of the shaft or extreme cases of local defects can be effectively characterized, avoiding the masking of key deviations by averaging. Furthermore, the selection of the maximum value ensures coverage of the most unfavorable working conditions in subsequent parallelism error calculations, thereby improving the robustness of the inspection results.

[0074] In some instances, the method further includes, before obtaining the change in generatric displacement of the shaft under test:

[0075] Set the measuring device at the preset positions of the reference axis and the axis to be measured;

[0076] Based on the leveling structure, the horizontal state of the measuring device is adjusted to optimize the error of the level bubble meter.

[0077] The step of adjusting the horizontal state of the measuring device includes:

[0078] Center the bubble in the horizontal bubble meter by rotating the leveling screw;

[0079] Obtain the first offset value and the second offset value after rotating 180° of the horizontal bubble meter;

[0080] Based on the first offset value and the second offset value, the systematic error value of the horizontal bubble meter and the correction offset of the workpiece to be measured are calculated, wherein the correction offset is half of the difference between the second offset value and the first offset value; the systematic error value is half of the sum of the second offset value and the first offset value.

[0081] Adjust the level of the measuring device based on the correction offset.

[0082] For example, in the process of shaft parallelism error detection, adjusting the horizontal state of the measuring device is an important prerequisite for obtaining accurate changes in the generatrix displacement. Since the horizontality of the measuring device directly affects the accuracy of the measurement results, if the measuring device itself is tilted, the measured changes in generatrix displacement will include errors caused by the device's tilt, thus affecting the accuracy of shaft parallelism error detection. Therefore, before obtaining the changes in generatrix displacement of the shaft 501 to be measured, the measuring device needs to be set at the preset positions of the reference shaft 601 and the shaft 501 to be measured, and the horizontal state of the measuring device needs to be adjusted based on the leveling structure 301 to optimize the error of the level bubble meter 201.

[0083] When adjusting the leveling state of the measuring device, firstly, the bubble of the bubble leveler 201 is initially centered by rotating the leveling screw, at which point the measuring device is approximately level. Next, the first offset value 'a' and the second offset value 'b' after rotating 180° are obtained from the bubble leveler 201. Since the bubble leveler 201 may have its own systematic error, these two measurements can distinguish between the tilt of the measuring device (i.e., the offset of the workpiece) and the systematic error of the bubble leveler 201 itself. Based on the first offset value 'a' and the second offset value 'b', according to a specific calculation method—that is, the correction offset X is half the difference between the second offset value 'b' and the first offset value 'a', and the systematic error value Y is half the sum of the second offset value 'b' and the first offset value 'a'—the systematic error value of the bubble leveler 201 and the correction offset of the workpiece are calculated respectively. The positive value area of ​​the bubble leveler 201 reading is defined as being to the right of the bubble leveler 201; therefore, a rightward bubble deviation is a positive value, and a leftward bubble deviation is a negative value. a, b, X, and Y are integers.

[0084] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 The figures shown are a first schematic diagram and a second schematic diagram of the error correction for the horizontal bubble apparatus of this application, respectively; Figure 5In the example, during the first measurement, the bubble of the level instrument deviated 1 division to the right (i.e., the first offset value a = +1). After rotating 180° in place, the bubble deviated 3 divisions to the left during the second measurement (i.e., the second offset value b = 3). Based on the values ​​in the positive value zone, the positive and negative values ​​are determined. The correction offset X = (ba) / 2 = (3-1) / 2 = 1 division, and the system error value Y = (b+a) / 2 = (3+1) / 2 = 2 divisions. The calculation results show that the right side of the workpiece being measured is 1 division higher, and the level bubble level 201 itself has a system error of 2 divisions. Based on the correction offset X, the leveling structure 301 is adjusted so that the bubble of the level bubble level 201 moves |X| divisions in the opposite direction. For example, if X = 1 division (it needs to be corrected to the right by 1 division), that is, after rotating 180° in place, the bubble moves one division to the right (in the negative direction), and the two surfaces of the workpiece being measured are parallel. At this time, the level state of the device is calibrated.

[0085] Similarly, in Figure 6 In the example, during the first measurement, the bubble of the level was deflected 3 divisions to the right (i.e., the first offset value a = +3). After rotating 180° in place, the bubble was deflected 1 division to the right during the second measurement (i.e., the second offset value b = -1). Therefore, the correction offset X = (ba) / 2 = (-1 - 3) / 2 = -2 divisions, and the system error value Y = (b + a) / 2 = (-1 + 3) / 2 = 1 division. The calculation results show that the workpiece is 2 divisions higher on the left, and the level bubble level 201 itself has a system error of 1 division. Based on the correction offset X, the leveling structure 301 is adjusted so that the bubble of the level bubble level 201 moves |X| divisions in the opposite direction. For example, if X = -2 divisions (requiring a 2-division correction to the left), that is, after rotating 180° in place, the bubble moves 2 divisions to the left (positive direction), making the two surfaces of the workpiece parallel, and the device is calibrated to be level.

[0086] Finally, based on the calculated correction offset, the horizontal state of the measuring device is further adjusted. This adjustment optimizes the levelness of the measuring device, eliminating errors caused by device tilt. This ensures that the subsequent changes in the generatrix displacement of the shaft under test 501, obtained through the first dial indicator 401 and the second dial indicator 402, are more accurate and reliable, providing a guarantee for the precise calculation of shaft parallelism errors.

[0087] In some instances, the change in generatric displacement of the shaft under test is obtained, including:

[0088] The measuring head of the first dial indicator is brought into contact with the upper generatrix of the shaft to be measured, and the measuring device is moved along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured. The change value of the pointer of the first dial indicator is recorded to obtain the displacement change of the upper generatrix.

[0089] The measuring head of the second dial indicator is brought into contact with the side generatrix of the shaft to be measured, and the measuring device is moved along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured. The change value of the pointer of the second dial indicator is recorded to obtain the displacement change of the side generatrix.

[0090] For example, the parallelism of a shaft is not only affected by changes in its own diameter, but also closely related to changes in the position of its generatrix. The change in generatrix displacement directly reflects the positional difference between the shaft under test 501 and the reference shaft 601 in the generatrix direction. Before acquiring this change, the measuring device has been pre-positioned on the reference shaft 601 and the shaft under test 501, and the horizontal state of the measuring device has been optimized by means of the leveling structure 301 and the level bubble meter 201, eliminating the interference of device tilt on the measurement results and creating conditions for accurate measurement of the change in generatrix displacement.

[0091] The first dial indicator 401 and the second dial indicator 402 are key tools for obtaining the change in generatrix displacement. When the measuring head of the first dial indicator 401 contacts the upper generatrix of the shaft under test 501 and moves the measuring device along the axial direction of the shaft under test 501, if the upper generatrix of the shaft under test 501 has a shape error, or if its relative position with the reference shaft 601 in the vertical direction is not ideally parallel, the pointer of the first dial indicator 401 will swing accordingly. The change in the pointer represents the displacement of the upper generatrix during the measurement process, i.e., the change in upper generatrix displacement. Similarly, for the second dial indicator 402, when its measuring head contacts the side generatrix of the shaft under test 501 and moves the measuring device along the axial direction, the change in its pointer is recorded to obtain the change in side generatrix displacement. This value reflects the displacement variation of the side generatrix of the shaft under test 501 in the horizontal direction relative to the ideal state.

[0092] These generatrix displacement changes obtained through dial indicators, combined with the previously obtained first diameter change of the reference shaft 601 and second diameter change of the shaft under test 501, provide a comprehensive and accurate assessment of the parallelism between the reference shaft 601 and the shaft under test 501 by considering both the diameter and generatrix dimensions. This multi-dimensional analysis method avoids the errors that may arise from judging based on data from only one dimension, improves the accuracy and reliability of shaft parallelism error detection, and meets the stringent requirements for high-precision shaft parallelism detection in industrial production.

[0093] In some instances, the parallelism error between the reference axis and the axis under test is determined based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change, the second diameter change, and the generatrix displacement change, including:

[0094] When the changes in the first diameter and the second diameter are both less than the preset threshold, the parallelism error is the change in the displacement of the busbar.

[0095] When the change in the first diameter or the change in the second diameter is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the change in the busbar displacement is compensated based on the change in the first diameter and the change in the second diameter to obtain the parallelism error; wherein, the change in the busbar displacement is the maximum value of the difference between the change in the upper busbar displacement and the change in the side busbar displacement; the preset threshold is a threshold determined based on the taper value of the reference axis and the axis to be measured, wherein the taper value is the absolute value of the difference between the change in the first diameter and the change in the second diameter divided by the value of the change in the second diameter.

[0096] For example, in the shaft parallelism error detection method of this application, the determination of the parallelism error f is based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change ΔJ1 of the reference shaft 601, the second diameter change ΔD1 of the shaft under test 501, and the generatrix displacement change Δ1, specifically including:

[0097] When both the first and second diameter changes are less than the preset threshold, it means that the diameter changes of the reference shaft 601 and the shaft under test 501 are very small, and the taper of the shaft is also very small. That is, when taper = |first diameter change - second diameter change| ÷ second diameter change ≤ 1 / 100, the influence of diameter change on parallelism can be ignored. At this time, the change in generatrix displacement can accurately reflect the parallelism between the two shafts, so the parallelism error is equal to the change in generatrix displacement, that is, the parallelism error f of the two shafts is equal to the measured value Δ1 (here, the measured value Δ1 is understood as the change in generatrix displacement), denoted as f = Δ1. For example, if the first and second diameter changes are both extremely small after measurement and calculation, satisfying the condition that the taper is less than or equal to 1 / 100, and the change in generatrix displacement measured by the first dial indicator 401 and the second dial indicator 402 is 0.05mm, then the parallelism error of the two shafts is 0.05mm.

[0098] When the change in the first or second diameter is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, it indicates a significant change in the shaft diameter, and its impact on parallelism cannot be ignored. Compensation calculations for the change in generatrix displacement need to be performed based on the changes in the first and second diameters to obtain accurate parallelism error. Specific compensation calculation methods are categorized based on the different situations of diameter changes in the two shafts: single shaft diameter change, coordinated change of diameters in both shafts, and reverse change of diameters in both shafts.

[0099] In the case of a single shaft diameter variation, including:

[0100] If the diameter of the shaft under test 501 remains unchanged, while the diameter of the reference shaft 601 increases or decreases, the parallelism error between the two shafts is equal to the measured value plus or minus half the increase or decrease in the diameter of the reference positioning shaft, expressed as:

[0101] f = Δ1 ± J1 / 2

[0102] For example, if the change in busbar displacement is 0.08 mm and the diameter of the reference shaft 601 increases by 0.02 mm, then the parallelism error f = 0.08 + 0.02 / 2 = 0.09 mm.

[0103] If the diameter of the reference shaft 601 remains unchanged, while the diameter of the shaft to be measured 501 increases or decreases, the parallelism error between the two shafts is equal to the measured value minus or plus half of the increase or decrease in the diameter of the shaft to be measured, expressed as:

[0104]

[0105] For example, if the change in busbar displacement is 0.1 mm and the diameter of the shaft to be tested 501 decreases by 0.03 mm, then the parallelism error f = 0.1 + 0.03 / 2 = 0.115 mm.

[0106] When both the diameter of the reference shaft 601 and the diameter of the shaft under test 501 change, including:

[0107] If the diameters of the reference shaft 601 and the shaft to be measured 501 increase or decrease by the same value at the same time, the parallelism error between the two shafts is equal to the maximum value of the change in the measured value, which is expressed as f = Δ1.

[0108] If the increase in diameter of the reference shaft 601 is greater than the increase in diameter of the shaft to be measured 501, the parallelism error between the two shafts is equal to the measured value plus half the difference between the increase in diameter of the reference shaft 601 and the increase in diameter of the shaft to be measured 501, expressed as f=Δ1+(ΔJ1-ΔD1) / 2.

[0109] If the increase in diameter of the reference shaft 601 is less than the increase in diameter of the shaft to be measured 501, the parallelism error between the two shafts is equal to the measured value minus half the difference between the increase in diameter of the shaft to be measured 501 and the increase in diameter of the reference shaft 601, expressed as f=Δ1-(ΔD1-ΔJ1) / 2.

[0110] When the reference axis 601 increases or decreases, while the diameter of the shaft under test 501 decreases or increases, the following applies:

[0111] If the reference axis 601 increases or decreases, while the diameter of the shaft to be measured 501 decreases, the parallelism error between the two axes is equal to the measured value plus or minus half the sum of the increase or decrease of the reference axis 601 and the decrease or increase of the diameter of the shaft to be measured 501, expressed as f=Δ1±(ΔJ1+ΔD1) / 2.

[0112] If the reference axis 601 increases or decreases, while the diameter of the shaft to be measured 501 increases, the parallelism error between the two axes is equal to the measured value plus or minus half the difference between the increase or decrease of the reference axis 601 and the decrease or increase of the diameter of the shaft to be measured 501, expressed as f=Δ1±(ΔJ1-ΔD1) / 2.

[0113] Please see Figure 7The diagram below illustrates the structure of a device for detecting shaft parallelism error according to an embodiment of this application, comprising:

[0114] The shaft diameter data acquisition unit 21 is used to acquire the diameter data of the reference shaft and the shaft to be measured. The diameter data includes the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter value of the reference shaft, as well as the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter value of the shaft to be measured.

[0115] The diameter change determination unit 22 determines the first diameter change of the reference shaft and the second diameter change of the shaft to be measured based on the diameter data.

[0116] The busbar displacement acquisition unit 23 is used to acquire the busbar displacement change of the shaft to be measured; wherein, the busbar displacement change is determined based on the upper busbar displacement change and the side busbar displacement change, the upper busbar displacement change is measured by the first dial indicator, and the side busbar displacement change is measured by the second dial indicator.

[0117] The parallelism error calculation unit 24 determines the parallelism error between the reference axis and the axis to be measured based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change, the second diameter change, and the generatrix displacement change.

[0118] Please see Figure 8 This application also provides an electronic device 300, including a memory 310, a processor 320, and a computer program 311 stored in the memory 310 and executable on the processor. When the processor 320 executes the computer program 311, it implements the steps of any method of a device for detecting axis parallelism error.

[0119] Since the electronic device described in this embodiment is the device used to implement the shaft parallelism error detection device in the embodiment of this application, those skilled in the art can understand the specific implementation method and various variations of the electronic device in this embodiment based on the method described in the embodiment of this application. Therefore, how the electronic device implements the method in the embodiment of this application will not be described in detail here. Any device used by those skilled in the art to implement the method in the embodiment of this application is within the scope of protection of this application.

[0120] In practice, when the computer program 311 is executed by the processor, it can implement any of the embodiments corresponding to the first aspect.

[0121] It should be noted that the descriptions of each embodiment in the above embodiments have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can provide methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-readable program code.

[0123] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create a machine for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0124] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0125] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0126] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer software instructions that, when executed on a processing device, cause the processing device to perform... Figure 1 The flowchart of a method for detecting shaft parallelism error in a corresponding embodiment.

[0127] A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions may be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any usable medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium, an optical medium, or a semiconductor medium, etc.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0129] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0130] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0131] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated units described above can be implemented in the form of hardware and / or software functional units.

[0132] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device to execute all or part of the steps of the methods in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0133] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0134] Although preferred embodiments have been described in this specification, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this specification.

[0135] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this specification without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, this specification is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for detecting shaft parallelism error, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the diameter data of the reference axis and the axis to be measured, wherein the diameter data includes the diameter values ​​of the two ends and the middle diameter value of the reference axis, and the diameter values ​​of the two ends and the middle diameter value of the axis to be measured; Based on the diameter data, determining the first diameter change of the reference shaft and the second diameter change of the shaft to be measured includes: The maximum value among the differences between the diameter values ​​at both ends and the diameter value at the middle of the reference shaft is determined as the first diameter change. The maximum value among the differences between the diameter values ​​at both ends and the diameter value at the middle of the shaft to be measured is determined as the second diameter change. The change in the busbar displacement of the shaft under test is obtained; wherein the change in the busbar displacement is determined based on the change in the upper busbar displacement and the change in the side busbar displacement, the change in the upper busbar displacement is measured by a first dial indicator, and the change in the side busbar displacement is measured by a second dial indicator. Obtaining the change in generatric displacement of the shaft under test includes: The measuring head of the first dial indicator is brought into contact with the upper generatrix of the shaft to be measured, and the measuring device is moved along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured. The change value of the pointer of the first dial indicator is recorded to obtain the displacement change of the upper generatrix. The measuring device is set at a preset position between the reference axis and the shaft to be measured. The measuring head of the second dial indicator is brought into contact with the side generatrix of the shaft to be measured, and the measuring device is moved along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured. The change value of the pointer of the second dial indicator is recorded to obtain the displacement change of the side generatrix. Based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change, the second diameter change, and the generatrix displacement change, the parallelism error between the reference axis and the axis under test is determined, including: When both the first diameter change and the second diameter change are less than a preset threshold, the parallelism error is the change in the busbar displacement. When the change in the first diameter or the change in the second diameter is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the change in the displacement of the busbar is compensated based on the change in the first diameter and the change in the second diameter to obtain the parallelism error; Wherein, the change in busbar displacement is the maximum value among the differences between the change in upper busbar displacement and the change in side busbar displacement, the preset threshold is a threshold determined based on the taper value of the reference axis and the axis to be measured, and the taper value is the absolute value of the difference between the first diameter change and the second diameter change divided by the second diameter change.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining the change in generatric displacement of the shaft under test, the method further includes: Based on the leveling structure, the horizontal state of the measuring device is adjusted to optimize the error of the level bubble meter.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the horizontal state of the measuring device includes: The bubble in the leveling bubble meter is centered by rotating the leveling screw. Obtain the first offset value and the second offset value after rotating the horizontal bubble meter by 180°; Based on the first offset value and the second offset value, the systematic error value of the horizontal bubble meter and the correction offset of the workpiece to be tested are calculated, wherein the correction offset is half of the difference between the second offset value and the first offset value; the systematic error value is half of the sum of the second offset value and the first offset value. Based on the correction offset, adjust the horizontal state of the measuring device.

4. A device for detecting shaft parallelism error, used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, include: A shaft diameter data acquisition unit is used to acquire diameter data of a reference shaft and a shaft to be measured, wherein the diameter data includes the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter value of the reference shaft, and the diameter values ​​at both ends and the middle diameter value of the shaft to be measured. The diameter change determination unit determines the first diameter change of the reference shaft and the second diameter change of the shaft to be measured based on the diameter data. A busbar displacement acquisition unit is used to acquire the busbar displacement change of the shaft under test; wherein the busbar displacement change is determined based on the upper busbar displacement change and the side busbar displacement change, the upper busbar displacement change is measured by a first dial indicator, and the side busbar displacement change is measured by a second dial indicator. The parallelism error calculation unit determines the parallelism error between the reference axis and the axis to be measured based on the combined relationship of the first diameter change, the second diameter change, and the generatrix displacement change.

5. An electronic device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to implement the steps of the method for detecting axis parallelism error as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for detecting axis parallelism error as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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