Straw and soil mixed pipe making and field planting equipment
By designing a tapered discharge nozzle, a spiral spring, and guide ribs into the straw returning equipment, the problems of rotational cracking and slow water seepage in composite pipes were solved, achieving efficient water seepage and improved molding quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTH CHINA UNIV OF WATER RESOURCES & ELECTRIC POWER
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing straw return equipment is prone to rotational cracks, material accumulation due to extrusion pressure, and narrow water seepage gaps when extruding composite pipes, which affect irrigation efficiency and molding quality.
A tapered discharge nozzle, a spiral spring, and guide ribs are installed inside the extrusion tube. Through the design of bending and rotational resistance structure, a fish-scale composite tube is formed. Combined with the spiral spring to assist in conveying, the tube is ensured to be extruded smoothly and the flexibility is improved.
It improves the efficiency of seepage irrigation, prevents pipe breakage, ensures molding quality, and accelerates the seepage speed through the fish scale structure, thereby enhancing the irrigation effect.
Smart Images
Figure CN120202815B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the fields of straw return to the field and irrigation, and in particular to a straw and soil mixing pipe-making and return equipment. Background Technology
[0002] The invention patent with authorization announcement number CN114027017B discloses a corn stalk returning equipment. This equipment uses a ditching device to create deep trenches on the ground, and a soil-collecting blade on the ditching chain continuously feeds soil from the inlet into the auger chamber. The blade shaft crushes the corn stalks and feeds them into the auger chamber through the stalk throwing inlet. The auger then feeds a certain proportion of soil and stalks into a secondary crushing and conveying device. The secondary crushed stalks and soil, under the action of the impeller, enter tangentially from the stalk conveying pipe into a conical mixing chamber. The mixed pesticide sprayed from the nozzle mixes with the soil and stalks in the conical mixing chamber. After being mixed by cyclone, the mixture enters the conical extrusion chamber. Inside the extrusion chamber, a compression auger forces the mixture into the forming extrusion tube. Under the action of the tube forming column, a composite tube of straw and soil is formed. Then, it is discharged from the straw conveying pipe into the deep trench opened by the trenching device, and the composite tube is buried by the burying device. This equipment can perform trenching, crushing, and tube making operations in a fully automated manner. The composite tubes produced and buried in the deep trenches can not only directly apply straw to the deep soil, increasing the organic matter content of the deep soil, but the composite tubes can also be used as seepage pipes for underground irrigation of farmland.
[0003] The problems with this corn stalk returning equipment in production operations are as follows: When the auger in the conical extrusion device rotates and extrudes the mixture, the mixture rotates along with the auger. Therefore, when the material is extruded into a composite pipe and reaches the discharge port, the composite pipe continues to rotate as it enters the conveying pipe below. When the friction between the conveying pipe and the composite pipe is greater than the rotational force of the composite pipe itself, it can cause large cracks on the surface of the formed composite pipe, or even breakage. Furthermore, the soil and straw mixture entering the extrusion pipe from the conical extrusion chamber generates significant extrusion pressure, which can easily lead to material accumulation, resulting in poor discharge and pipe deformation. At the same time, the extrusion pressure causes the straw stalks and soil to bind tightly, resulting in narrow seepage gaps between the stalks and soil. Irrigation water seeps out slowly through these gaps after entering the pipe, resulting in low irrigation efficiency and affecting the extrusion forming efficiency and quality of the pipe. These issues require improvement. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a straw and soil mixing pipe-making and returning equipment for use in the field.
[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: a straw and soil mixed pipe-making and returning equipment, characterized in that: it includes an auger and a toothed shaft installed inside the shell support, a secondary crushing and conveying device, a conical extrusion device, a trenching device, and a burial device installed outside the shell support; the conical extrusion device includes a conical extrusion chamber, an auger inside the conical extrusion chamber, an extrusion tube coaxially arranged at the tip of the conical extrusion chamber, and a forming rod arranged at the outer end of the main shaft of the auger; the outer end of the extrusion tube is connected to a downwardly inclined arc-shaped guide plate; the outer port of the extrusion tube is provided with an integrally circular annular discharge nozzle, the upper part of which is provided with an upper bend that bends towards the center of the extrusion tube, and both sides are provided with side bends that bend towards the center of the extrusion tube; a helical spring is fixedly connected to the end of the forming rod, the outer diameter of the helical spring matches the inner diameter of the composite pipe, and the outer end of the helical spring extends from the extrusion tube into the arc-shaped guide plate; a number of guide ribs are evenly distributed on the inner side wall of the extrusion tube, and the guide ribs are arranged along the extrusion direction of the extrusion tube.
[0006] Preferably, the bending amplitude of the upper bend is greater than that of the side bend.
[0007] Preferably, the width of the upper part of the tapered discharge nozzle is greater than the width of the lower part.
[0008] Preferably, the generatrix of the arc-shaped section at the lower part of the constricted discharge nozzle coincides with the generatrix of the extrusion tube.
[0009] Preferably, the guide rib is a straight optical axis, and the axial direction of the straight optical axis is consistent with the axial direction of the extrusion tube.
[0010] Preferably, the linear optical axis is a variable diameter optical axis, whose diameter gradually increases from the inner end to the outer end.
[0011] Preferably, the guide rib is a helical bent shaft, and the helical direction of the helical bent shaft is consistent with the rotation direction of the auger inside the conical extrusion device.
[0012] Preferably, the spiral bend is a variable diameter spiral bend, with its diameter gradually increasing from the inner end to the outer end.
[0013] Preferably, the pitch of the spiral bend gradually increases from the inner end to the outer end, so that the outer end of the spiral bend forms a straight shaft segment that is consistent with the axial direction of the extrusion tube.
[0014] Preferably, the inner end of the helical spring is provided with a shaft head, the end of the helical spring is fixedly sleeved on one end of the shaft head, the end of the forming rod is provided with a threaded blind hole, and the other end of the shaft head is threadedly connected to the threaded blind hole. The threaded connection direction of the shaft head and the threaded blind hole is opposite to the rotation direction of the auger.
[0015] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are: (1) The returning soil equipment is equipped with a tapered discharge nozzle at the outer end of the extrusion tube. The composite tube is bent downwards in a small range through its tapered bending structure and the outer side of the composite tube is continuously scraped. Under the combined action of the downward bending force and the scraping force, the bonding strength between the soil and straw inside the composite tube is overcome and fish scales are continuously formed, forming a fish scale-shaped composite tube. After the irrigation water enters this composite tube, it can quickly seep into the seepage openings between the fish scales and flow out quickly from the seepage openings. This makes up for the problem of slow seepage speed relying on the gaps between straws, effectively improves the efficiency of seepage irrigation, and is conducive to further promotion and application in the market.
[0016] (2) The spiral spring connected to the forming rod of the auger in the returning equipment supports the inner side of the composite pipe. During the extrusion and conveying process of the composite pipe, the spiral spring rotates with the auger and can contact the inner side of the composite pipe from the inside and spirally push the composite pipe, playing an auxiliary conveying role, so that the composite pipe can be extruded from the extrusion tube in a timely and smooth manner; and the flexible support of the spiral spring is conducive to improving the flexibility of the composite pipe, which is conducive to maintaining the overall shape of the pipe after forming and conveying it outward, and improving the quality of pipe processing and forming.
[0017] (3) The guide ribs uniformly arranged on the inner side of the extrusion tube in the returning equipment can generate rotational resistance on the composite pipe from the circumferential direction, destroy the rotational inertia of the composite pipe generated by the auger, so that the composite pipe is extruded from the extrusion tube in a basically straight state, effectively solving the phenomenon of composite pipe breakage caused by stress concentration caused by rotation, and ensuring the molding quality of composite pipe. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the conical extrusion device of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the AA-direction cross-section structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when a fish-scale-shaped composite tube is extruded from an extrusion tube. Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spiral spring connected to the auger; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a helical spring; Figure 7 This is one of the three-dimensional structural diagrams showing a linear optical axis inside the extrusion tube; Figure 8 This is the second schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure with a linear optical axis inside the extrusion tube; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Front view structural diagram; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the BB-direction cross-section structure; Figure 11 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a variable diameter optical axis installed inside the extrusion tube; Figure 12 yes Figure 11 Front view structural diagram; Figure 13 yes Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the CC-direction cross-section structure; Figure 14 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a spiral bend inside the extrusion tube; Figure 15 yes Figure 14 Front view structural diagram; Figure 16 yes Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the DD-direction cross-section structure; Figure 17 yes Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the EE cross-sectional structure; Figure 18 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a variable-diameter spiral bend installed inside the extrusion tube; Figures 19-21 This is a physical image of the present invention.
[0019] In the diagram, 1. Shell support, 2. Conical extrusion device, 3. Secondary crushing and conveying device, 4. Burying device, 5. Trenching device, 21. Conical extrusion chamber, 22. Screwdriver, 23. Extrusion tube, 24. Forming rod, 31. Helical spring, 32. Shaft head, 33. Threaded blind hole, 41. Linear optical axis, 42. Variable diameter optical axis, 43. Helical bent shaft, 44. Linear shaft section, 45. Variable diameter helical bent shaft, 5. Constricted discharge nozzle, 51. Upper bend, 52. Side bend, 53. Lower arc-shaped section, 6. Composite pipe, 61. Fish scale body, 62. Water seepage opening, 71. Arc-shaped guide plate, 72. Transition support plate. Detailed Implementation
[0020] Example 1, see appendix Figure 1-3 7-18, a straw and soil mixed pipe-making and returning equipment, including an auger 22 and a toothed shaft installed inside the shell support 1, and a secondary crushing and conveying device 3, a conical extrusion device 2, a trenching device 5 and a burying device 4 installed outside the shell support 1. The conical extrusion device 2 includes a conical extrusion chamber 21, an auger 22 inside the conical extrusion chamber 21, an extrusion tube 23 coaxially arranged at the tip of the conical extrusion chamber 21, and a forming rod 24 arranged at the outer end of the main shaft of the auger 22. The outer end of the extrusion tube 23 is connected to a downwardly inclined arc-shaped guide plate 71.
[0021] like Figure 7-10 As shown, several guide ribs are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the extrusion tube 23. The guide ribs are arranged along the extrusion direction of the extrusion tube, with one end of the guide rib close to the inner port of the extrusion tube 23 and the other end close to the outer port of the extrusion tube 23. The guide ribs are set as linear optical axes 41, and the axial direction of the linear optical axis 41 is consistent with the axial direction of the extrusion tube 23. The mixed material enters the extrusion tube 23 from the conical extrusion device 2 to form a composite tube 6. During this process, the linear optical axes 41 evenly distributed on the inner side of the extrusion tube 23 can generate rotational resistance on the composite tube 6 from the circumferential direction, destroying the rotational inertia of the composite tube 6 generated by the auger 22, so that the composite tube is extruded from the extrusion tube in a basically straight state. This effectively solves the problem of composite tube 6 fracture caused by stress concentration due to rotation and ensures the forming quality of the composite tube.
[0022] like Figure 7-13 As shown, the linear optical axis 41 is set as a variable diameter optical axis 42, with its diameter gradually increasing from the inner end to the outer end. Through the variable diameter design of the linear optical axis 41, the rotational resistance of the composite pipe 6 during the extrusion process in the extrusion tube 23 gradually increases, releasing the rotational inertia of the composite pipe 6 generated by the auger 22 in a stepwise manner from small to large, making the stress release process relatively gentle, which is conducive to further improving the forming quality of the pipe.
[0023] like Figure 14-17 As shown, the guide rib is set as a spiral bend 43. The spiral direction of the spiral bend is consistent with the rotation direction of the auger 22 inside the conical extrusion device 2. The pitch of the spiral bend 43 gradually increases from the inner end to the outer end, so that the outer end of the spiral bend 43 forms a straight shaft segment 44 that is consistent with the axial direction of the extrusion tube 23. The mixture enters the extrusion tube 23 in a rotating state from the conical extrusion device 2 and forms a composite tube 6. The spiral bends 43 evenly distributed on the inner side of the extrusion tube 23 generate rotational resistance to the composite tube 6. Since the spiral direction of the spiral bends 43 is consistent with the rotation direction of the composite tube 6 and the pitch gradually increases from the inner end to the outer end, the composite tube 6 rotates forward with the spiral direction of the spiral bends 43 when it first enters the extrusion tube 23. As the pitch increases, the rotational resistance gradually increases, gradually destroying the rotational inertia of the composite tube 6. When the composite tube 6 reaches the straight section 44 of the spiral bends 43, the composite tube 6 is basically in a straight state, which effectively solves the problem of composite tube 6 fracture caused by stress concentration due to rotation and ensures the forming quality of the composite tube 6.
[0024] like Figure 18As shown, the spiral bend 43 is a variable diameter spiral bend 45, with its diameter gradually increasing from the inner end to the outer end. Through the variable diameter design of the spiral bend 43, the spiral bend 43 itself releases the rotational resistance, while the gradually increasing diameter of the spiral bend 43 generates a gradually increasing resistance. The combination of the two can release the rotational inertia of the composite pipe 6 generated by the auger 22 in a stepwise manner from small to large, making the stress release process more gentle and conducive to further improving the forming quality of the pipe.
[0025] Example 2, see appendix Figure 1-6 This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the similarities will not be repeated. The difference is that a helical spring 31 extending from the extrusion tube 23 into the arc-shaped guide plate 71 is fixedly connected to the end of the forming rod 24. The outer diameter of the helical spring 31 matches the inner diameter of the composite tube 6, ensuring that the helical spring 31 can elastically press against the inner side of the composite tube 6. The composite tube 6 is slidably conveyed by the arc-shaped guide plate 71. Its opening structure can avoid squeezing the fish scale body 61 generated on the composite tube 6, thus avoiding affecting the water seepage effect. An arc-shaped transition support plate 72 is provided between the arc-shaped guide plate 71 and the outer end of the extrusion tube 23. The transition support plate 72 is coaxially arranged with the extrusion tube 23. The support provided by the transition support plate 72 can prevent the composite tube 6 from being subjected to excessive stress, which could lead to its breakage.
[0026] The fixed end of the helical spring 31 extends a certain distance into the extrusion tube 23 of the conical extrusion device 2. At the end of the extrusion tube 23, it can resist the rotational torque and extrusion force of the composite tube 6 during extrusion, prevent the composite tube 6 from deforming at the discharge port, help maintain the shape and size stability of the discharge port, and reduce material accumulation and blockage caused by the deformation of the discharge port.
[0027] The inner end of the helical spring 31 is provided with a shaft head 32. The end of the helical spring 31 is fixedly welded to one end of the shaft head 32. The end of the forming rod 24 is provided with a threaded blind hole 33. The other end of the shaft head 32 is threaded into the threaded blind hole 33. This shaft head 32 mating structure facilitates convenient and quick maintenance and replacement of the helical spring 31 on the work site, ensuring work efficiency. The threaded connection direction of the shaft head 32 and the threaded blind hole 33 is opposite to the rotation direction of the auger 22. During the process of the auger 22 spirally extruding the mixture to form the composite pipe 6, it can generate a reverse tightening force on the shaft head 32, ensuring that the helical spring 31 is in a stable connection state.
[0028] The working process and principle of the helical spring 31 in this embodiment are as follows: the auger 22 rotates in the conical extrusion device 2 to extrude the mixture from the extrusion tube 23. While the mixture forms a composite tube 6 in the extrusion tube 23, the helical spring 31 connected to the forming rod 24 supports the inner side of the composite tube 6. During the extrusion and conveying process of the composite tube 6, the helical spring 31 rotates with the auger 22, contacts the inner side of the composite tube 6 from the inside and helically pushes the composite tube 6, playing a role in assisting the conveying of the composite tube 6, so that the composite tube 6 is extruded from the extrusion tube 23 in a timely and smooth manner. At the same time, the flexible support force generated by the helical spring 31 can improve the flexibility of the composite tube 6, which is conducive to maintaining the overall shape of the tube after it is formed and conveyed outward, thus improving the quality of the tube processing and forming.
[0029] Example 3, see appendix Figure 1-4 7-9. This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the similarities will not be repeated. The difference is that the outer end of the extrusion tube 23 is provided with a constricted discharge nozzle 5 that is circular in shape. The upper part of the constricted discharge nozzle 5 is provided with an upper bending part 51 that bends towards the center of the extrusion tube 23, and both sides are provided with side bending parts 52 that bend towards the center of the extrusion tube 23. When the composite tube 6 is extruded from the extrusion tube 23, the upper bending part 51 can bend the composite tube 6 by a small amount of downward pressure. At the same time, the upper bending part 51 and the side bending parts 52 can scrape the outer side of the composite tube 6, increasing the friction of the outer side of the composite tube 6 during extrusion. Under the combined action of downward bending force and scraping force, the bonding strength of the soil and straw inside the composite tube 6 is overcome and fish scale body 61 is continuously formed, forming a fish scale composite tube 6.
[0030] The bending radius of the upper bend 51 is greater than that of the side bend 52, creating a bending difference between the upper bend 51 and the side bend 52. Therefore, the scraping force of the upper bend 51 is greater than that of the sides, which is more conducive to forming fish scale body 61 on the outer surface of the composite pipe 6.
[0031] The upper part of the tapered discharge nozzle 5 is wider than the lower part. This difference in width reduces the support force of the lower part of the discharge nozzle on the composite tube 6 and increases the downward scraping force of the upper bend 51 on the composite tube 6. By combining the difference in bending amplitude between the upper bend 51 and the lower bend, a fish-scale body 61 with sufficient water seepage openings 62 can be formed.
[0032] The generatrix of the arc-shaped section 53 at the bottom of the constricted discharge nozzle 5 coincides with the generatrix of the extrusion tube 23. This design can avoid the scraping force at the bottom of the composite tube 6, ensuring the integrity of its bottom structure. It is necessary to ensure that the composite tube 6 has sufficient structural strength and flexibility to avoid tube breakage during the basic conveying process.
[0033] The steps for processing and manufacturing the fish-scale-shaped composite pipe 6 using the land-returning equipment and carrying out land-returning irrigation are as follows: Step 1: The returning equipment moves forward along the cultivated land. The ditching device 5 at the rear opens a ditch. At the same time, the auger 22 in the conical extrusion device 2 rotates and pushes the moist soil-straw mixture in the conical extrusion chamber 21 to compress it into the extrusion tube 23. Step 2: The mixture is compressed and compacted in the extrusion tube 23, and under the action of the central forming rod 24, it forms a composite tube 6 which is extruded from the constricting discharge nozzle 5. Step 3: During extrusion, the inward bending structure of the upper and sides of the tapered discharge nozzle 5 can bend the composite tube 6 downwards slightly and continuously scrape the outer side of the composite tube 6. Under the combined action of bending force and scraping force, the outer side of the composite tube 6 is continuously bent and scraped to form fish scale body 61. The water seepage openings 62 between the fish scale body 61 extend into the tube wall of the composite tube 6. After the fish scale composite tube 6 is extruded, the transition support plate 72 provides it with temporary horizontal support, and then it enters the arc-shaped guide plate 71 downwards. Step 4: After the composite pipe 6 is laid in the cultivated land, the burial device 4 backfills the soil into the trench, and then the irrigation water is introduced into the composite pipe 6. As the irrigation water flows along the composite pipe 6, it seeps out from the small gaps in the straw on the side wall, and at the same time, it can seep into the roots of the fish scale body 61 and flow out from the seepage opening 62. Under the combined action of the small gaps in the straw and the seepage opening 62 formed by the fish scale body 61, the composite pipe 6 forms a high-flow-rate, high-efficiency underground seepage pipe, realizing uniform irrigation of the cultivated land, making up for the problem of slow seepage speed relying on the gaps in the straw, and effectively improving the efficiency of seepage irrigation.
Claims
1. A straw and soil mixture pipe-making and returning equipment, characterized in that: It includes an auger and a toothed shaft installed inside the housing support, and a secondary crushing and conveying device, a conical extrusion device, a trenching device, and a burial device installed outside the housing support, characterized in that: The conical extrusion device includes a conical extrusion chamber, an auger inside the conical extrusion chamber, an extrusion tube coaxially arranged at the tip of the conical extrusion chamber, and a forming rod at the outer end of the auger's main shaft. The outer end of the extrusion tube is connected to a downwardly inclined arc-shaped guide plate. The outer port of the extrusion tube is provided with an annular discharge nozzle, the upper part of which has an upper bend that bends towards the center of the extrusion tube, and both sides have side bends that bend towards the center of the extrusion tube. A helical spring is fixedly connected to the end of the forming rod. The outer diameter of the helical spring matches the inner diameter of the composite tube, and the outer end of the helical spring extends from the extrusion tube into the arc-shaped guide plate. Several guide ribs are evenly distributed on the inner side wall of the extrusion tube, and the guide ribs are arranged along the extrusion direction of the extrusion tube.
2. The straw and soil mixed pipe-making and returning equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bending range of the upper bend is greater than that of the side bend.
3. The equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the upper part of the tapered discharge nozzle is greater than the width of the lower part.
4. The equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The generatrix of the arc-shaped section at the lower part of the constricted discharge nozzle coincides with the generatrix of the extrusion tube.
5. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rib is a straight optical axis, and the axial direction of the straight optical axis is consistent with the axial direction of the extrusion tube.
6. The equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The aforementioned linear optical axis is a variable diameter optical axis, whose diameter gradually increases from the inner end to the outer end.
7. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rib is a helical bent shaft, and the helical direction of the helical bent shaft is consistent with the rotation direction of the auger inside the conical extrusion device.
8. The equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The aforementioned spiral bend is a variable diameter spiral bend, with its diameter gradually increasing from the inner end to the outer end.
9. The equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pitch of the spiral bend gradually increases from the inner end to the outer end, so that the outer end of the spiral bend forms a straight shaft segment that is consistent with the axial direction of the extrusion tube.
10. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner end of the helical spring is provided with a shaft head, and the end of the helical spring is fixedly sleeved on one end of the shaft head. The end of the forming rod is provided with a threaded blind hole, and the other end of the shaft head is threadedly connected to the threaded blind hole. The threaded connection direction of the shaft head and the threaded blind hole is opposite to the rotation direction of the auger.