Transparent light glass-imitating polymer material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a transparent light glass-imitating polymer material and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that methyl methacrylate, an initiator and a cross-linking agent are taken, mixed, stirred and heated to obtain a first prepolymer; taking polyol and isocyanate, mixing, stirring and heating to obtain a second prepolymer; mixing the first prepolymer, the second prepolymer and an adjacent agent, then adding a catalyst, stirring, cooling, and then carrying out heating, polymerization reaction and curing to obtain the transparent light glass-imitating polymer material. The adjoining agent with multiple reaction sites is introduced into the interpenetrating network structure to form a novel interpenetrating network structure with an adjacent bonding structure, so that the compatibility between the PU phase and the PMMA phase can be remarkably improved, the phase domain size is reduced, and the transparency is improved; and the crosslinking density of the interpenetrating network structure can also be improved, so that the heat resistance, rigidity and surface scratch resistance of the material are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, and particularly relates to a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Silicone-based glass has long been the main transparent protective material, but its prominent disadvantages of high density and fragility limit its application in many fields. Therefore, lightweight transparent polymer materials have become an ideal alternative. Transparent polymer materials mainly include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. Although they exhibit excellent optical properties, obvious color changes, usually manifested as yellowing effects, will occur due to side reactions inside the polymer matrix. For example, the benzene ring structures present in PC and PET materials are prone to oxidation when exposed to environments such as light, heat, and oxygen, leading to the formation of chromophores such as quinones, causing yellowing and severely damaging the transparency of the materials. PMMA has excellent yellowing resistance, but its deficiencies such as poor surface scratch resistance, insufficient rigidity, and poor heat resistance limit its use under complex conditions. Therefore, developing a lightweight transparent glass-like material with high modulus, high temperature resistance, and scratch resistance still faces huge challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Object of the Invention: Embodiments of this application provide a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material and a preparation method thereof. By preparing an interpenetrating network structure with a novel adjacent bonding structure, the heat resistance, rigidity, and surface scratch resistance of the polymer material are improved.

[0004] Technical Solution: Embodiments of this application provide a preparation method of a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material, including the following steps: Take methyl methacrylate, an initiator, and a cross-linking agent, and obtain a first prepolymer after mixing, stirring, and heating; Take a polyol and an isocyanate, and obtain a second prepolymer after mixing, stirring, and heating; Take the first prepolymer, the second prepolymer, and an adjuvant and mix them, then add a catalyst and stir and cool, and then obtain a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material after heating, polymerization reaction, and curing.

[0005] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first prepolymer, the second prepolymer, the adjuvant, and the catalyst is (30 - 75):(20 - 60):(1 - 10):(0.01 - 1).

[0006] In some embodiments, in the steps of taking a first prepolymer, a second prepolymer and an adjuvant, mixing them, then adding a catalyst and stirring and cooling, and then obtaining a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material through heating, polymerization reaction and curing: the cooling temperature is -5 to 10 °C, the stirring time is 10 to 30 min, the polymerization reaction temperature is 45 to 80 °C, the polymerization reaction time is 15 to 30 min, the curing temperature is 60 to 120 °C, and the curing time is 2 to 8 h.

[0007] In some embodiments, the adjuvant is selected from at least one of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate; and / or The catalyst is selected from at least one of triethylamine, triethylenediamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, and stannous octoate; and / or The first prepolymer is a polymethyl methacrylate phase prepolymer with a viscosity of 1 - 100 mPa‧s; and / or The second prepolymer is a polyurethane phase prepolymer with a viscosity of 1000 - 10000 mPa‧s.

[0008] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of methyl methacrylate, the initiator, and the crosslinking agent is 100:(0.3 - 0.8):(1.0 - 3.0).

[0009] In some embodiments, in the steps of taking methyl methacrylate, an initiator and a crosslinking agent, mixing, stirring and heating to obtain a first prepolymer: the stirring temperature is 50 - 90 °C, the stirring time is 30 - 60 min, and the stirring speed is 200 - 500 rpm.

[0010] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the polyol to the isocyanate is (10 - 90):(10 - 90).

[0011] In some embodiments, in the steps of taking a polyol and an isocyanate, mixing, stirring and heating to obtain a second prepolymer, the stirring time is 30 - 60 min, the stirring temperature is 40 - 70 °C, and the stirring speed is 50 - 200 rpm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the initiator is selected from at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, and azobisisoheptonitrile; and / or The crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, glycerol trihydroxypropyl ether triacrylate, and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate; and / or The polyol is selected from at least one of 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyester polyol, polytetrahydrofuran, neopentyl glycol, alicyclic diol, and aromatic diol; and / or The isocyanate is selected from at least one of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and naphthalene diisocyanate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the present application also provides a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material prepared by the described preparation method.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the first prepolymer in the present application is a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phase, and the second prepolymer is a polyurethane (PU) phase. An interpenetrating network structure can be formed between the two, improving the stability of the material; at the same time, an adjuvant with multiple reactive sites is introduced into the formed interpenetrating network structure to form an interpenetrating network structure with a novel adjacent bonding structure. This structure can significantly improve the compatibility between the PU and PMMA phases, reduce the phase domain size, and improve transparency; at the same time, this structure can increase the crosslinking density of the interpenetrating network structure, thereby improving the heat resistance, rigidity, and surface scratch resistance of the polymer material. It is a novel transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material. Description of the Drawings

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is an infrared spectrum schematic diagram of the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum diagram of the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a physical photo taken through the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material provided by the embodiment of the present application. Detailed Embodiments

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. In the description of the present application, "a plurality of" means two or more, and at least one means one, two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0019] The applicant has found that silica-based glass has long been the main transparent protective material, but its prominent disadvantages of high density and fragility limit its application in many fields. In various civilian and military applications, lightweight transparent polymer materials have become the ideal choice, such as hurricane-resistant windows, protective glasses, face masks, helmet visors, aircraft hatches, laser protection, and automotive windows. Commonly available transparent polymer materials on the market mainly include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. Although they exhibit excellent optical properties, the side reactions inside the polymer matrix will cause obvious color changes, usually manifested as a yellowing effect. For example, the benzene ring structure existing in PC and PET materials is prone to oxidation when exposed to environments such as light, heat, and oxygen, leading to the formation of chromophores such as quinones, causing yellowing, and seriously damaging the transparency of the material. PMMA has excellent yellowing resistance, but its deficiencies such as poor surface scratch resistance, insufficient rigidity, and poor heat resistance limit its use under complex conditions. Therefore, there is still a huge challenge in developing a lightweight transparent glass-like material with high modulus, high temperature resistance, and scratch resistance. Based on this, the present application provides a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material and its preparation method.

[0020] The embodiment of the present application provides a preparation method of a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material, including the following steps: Take methyl methacrylate, an initiator, and a crosslinking agent, and obtain a first prepolymer after mixing, stirring, and heating; Take a polyol and an isocyanate, and obtain a second prepolymer after mixing, stirring, and heating; Mix the first prepolymer, the second prepolymer and the adjuvant, then add a catalyst and stir and cool. Subsequently, after heating, polymerization reaction and curing, a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material is obtained.

[0021] In the method of this application, the first prepolymer is a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phase prepolymer, and the second prepolymer is a polyurethane (PU) phase prepolymer. The two can be polymerized simultaneously or sequentially through reaction, and penetrate each other during the polymerization process to form an interpenetrating network structure (IPN). This structure combines the rigidity and transparency of PMMA and the flexibility and wear resistance of PU, improving the overall mechanical properties and stability of the polymer. In addition, an adjuvant is introduced in this preparation method. See Figure 1 , the adjuvant has bifunctionality, so it has multiple reaction sites. It can react with the C=C double bond on the PMMA prepolymer and the N=C=O bond on the PU prepolymer, so it can be inserted between the PMMA network and the PU network and play a connecting role. On the one hand, this can significantly improve the compatibility between the PMMA phase and the PU phase, reduce the phase domain size, and improve the overall transparency of the polymer material. On the other hand, the adjuvant makes the interpenetrating network structure denser, greatly increasing the crosslinking density of the polymer material, thereby further improving the heat resistance, rigidity and surface scratch resistance of the polymer.

[0022] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first prepolymer, the second prepolymer, the adjuvant, and the catalyst is (30-75):(20-60):(1-10):(0.01-1). It can be understood that in order to facilitate the formation of the interpenetrating network and the reaction of the adjuvant, it is necessary to control the mass of each reaction raw material within the above range.

[0023] In some embodiments, in the step of mixing the first prepolymer, the second prepolymer and the adjuvant, then adding a catalyst and stirring and cooling, and subsequently obtaining a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material through heating, polymerization reaction and curing: the cooling temperature is -5 to 10 °C, the stirring time is 10 to 30 min, the polymerization reaction temperature is 45 to 80 °C, the polymerization reaction time is 15 to 30 min, the curing temperature is 60 to 120 °C, and the curing time is 2 to 8 h.

[0024] It should be noted that the first prepolymer (PMMA phase), the second prepolymer (PU phase) and the adjuvant are mixed, and then a catalyst is added and stirred evenly. After that, the polymerization rate of the PU phase increases, the viscosity of the system rises, and heat release is obvious. To prevent explosion polymerization due to excessive system temperature, a polymerization process of cooling first and then heating is adopted. During the cooling stage, the PU phase polymerizes while the PMMA phase does not. The PMMA phase acts as a solvent in the system, effectively dissipating the heat generated by the polymerization of the PU phase. During the heating stage, it is mainly the polymerization of the PMMA phase, increasing the degree of polymerization of the system and reducing the probability of bubble formation after casting in the later stage. Among them, the cooling temperature can be any value or the range between any two values among -5°C, -4°C, -3°C, -2°C, -1°C, 0°C, 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, 10°C.

[0025] In some embodiments, the adjuvant is selected from at least one of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate. It can be understood that the above-mentioned adjuvants all have bifunctional groups and can react with the C=C double bond on the PMMA prepolymer and the N=C=O bond on the PU prepolymer simultaneously.

[0026] In some embodiments, the catalyst is selected from at least one of triethylamine, triethylenediamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, and stannous octoate.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first prepolymer is a polymethyl methacrylate phase prepolymer with a viscosity of 1-100 mPa·s. For example, the viscosity can be any value or the range between any two values among 1 mPa·s, 2 mPa·s, 5 mPa·s, 10 mPa·s, 15 mPa·s, 20 mPa·s, 30 mPa·s, 40 mPa·s, 50 mPa·s, 60 mPa·s, 70 mPa·s, 80 mPa·s, 90 mPa·s, 100 mPa·s.

[0028] In some embodiments, the second prepolymer is a polyurethane phase prepolymer with a viscosity of 1000-10000 mPa·s. For example, the viscosity can be any value or the range between any two values among 1000 mPa·s, 2000 mPa·s, 3000 mPa·s, 4000 mPa·s, 5000 mPa·s, 6000 mPa·s, 7000 mPa·s, 8000 mPa·s, 9000 mPa·s, 10000 mPa·s.

[0029] In some embodiments, during the preparation of the first prepolymer, the mass ratio of methyl methacrylate, initiator, and crosslinking agent is 100: (0.3 - 0.8): (1.0 - 3.0).

[0030] In some embodiments, in the step of obtaining the first prepolymer by taking methyl methacrylate, initiator, and crosslinking agent, mixing, stirring, and heating: the stirring temperature is 50 - 90 °C, the stirring time is 30 - 60 min, and the stirring speed is 200 - 500 rpm.

[0031] In some embodiments, during the preparation of the second prepolymer, the mass ratio of polyol and isocyanate is (10 - 90): (10 - 90).

[0032] In some embodiments, in the step of obtaining the second prepolymer by taking polyol and isocyanate, mixing, stirring, and heating, the stirring time is 30 - 60 min, the stirring temperature is 40 - 70 °C, and the stirring speed is 50 - 200 rpm.

[0033] In some embodiments, the initiator is selected from at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, and azobisisoheptonitrile; and / or In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS No. 15625 - 89 - 5), pentaerythritol triacrylate (CAS No. 3524 - 68 - 3), glycerol tri(2-hydroxypropyl) ether triacrylate (CAS No. 52408 - 84 - 1), and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS No. 28961 - 43 - 5).

[0034] In some embodiments, the polyol is selected from at least one of 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyester polyol, polytetrahydrofuran, neopentyl glycol, alicyclic diol, and aromatic diol.

[0035] In some embodiments, the isocyanate is selected from at least one of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and naphthalene diisocyanate.

[0036] In some embodiments, this embodiment provides a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material prepared by the above preparation method. To enable those skilled in the art to clearly understand the above implementation details and operations of the present application, and to significantly demonstrate the advanced performance of the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material and its preparation method of the embodiments of the present application, the following uses multiple embodiments to illustrate the above technical solutions. Example

[0037] Step 1: Prepolymerization of the first prepolymer PMMA phase: First, weigh the initiator and place it in a weighing paper for later use. Then, successively weigh the calculated amounts of methyl methacrylate and crosslinking agent, and then stir evenly. Pour the initiator and the weighed mixture into a three-necked flask and heat it in a water bath at 70 °C with a rotation speed of 300 rpm. After prepolymerization for 60 min, cool it to room temperature.

[0038] Step 2: Prepolymerization of the second prepolymer PU phase: First, weigh an appropriate amount of polyol and stir it evenly, then add isocyanate, and place it in an oven for prepolymerization under closed conditions. During this period, take it out and stir it once every 10 minutes, with a stirring speed of 100 rpm. Stir at 60 °C for 50 min and then cool it to room temperature.

[0039] Step 3: Slowly pour the PMMA prepolymer into the container containing the PU prepolymer, and continuously stir until the mixture is uniform. Add an appropriate amount of adjuvant and catalyst, stir vigorously, quickly cool the system to 0 °C, stir at a stirring speed of 500 rpm for 20 min, then heat the system to 70 °C, and stir at a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 20 min to obtain a two-phase blend.

[0040] Step 4: Remove the bubbles from the mixture and pour it into a mold, cure it at 60 °C for 6 h, then heat it up to 100 °C and cure it for 2 h to complete the preparation of the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material.

[0041] Examples 2 - 4 The preparation methods of Examples 2 - 4 are similar to that of Example 1, except that the raw materials used, the amounts of the raw materials, and the process condition parameters in Steps 3 and 4 are different.

[0042] Comparative Example 1 The specific preparation process is the same as that of Example 1, except that no adjuvant is added in Step 3.

[0043] Comparative Example 2 The specific preparation process is the same as that of Example 1, except that the adjuvant added in Step 3 is butyl acrylate, which has a monofunctional group structure.

[0044] Comparative Example 3 The specific preparation process is the same as that of Example 1, except that the cooling temperature in Step 3 is -30 °C.

[0045] Comparative Example 4 The specific preparation process is the same as that of Example 1, except that there is no cooling operation in Step 3. The reaction shows explosive polymerization and no sample is obtained.

[0046] The raw materials used in Examples 1 - 4 are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 The amounts of raw materials used in Examples 1-4 are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 2 In Examples 1-4, the process conditions used in Steps 3 and 4 are shown in Table 3.

[0049] Table 3 See Figure 2 , which is the infrared spectrum of the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material prepared in Example 1. As shown in the figure, the C=C double bond peak of the acrylate phase monomer near 1638 cm -1 disappears, indicating that free radical polymerization has occurred between the PMMA phase and hydroxypropyl methacrylate; an N-H absorption peak appears near 1530 cm -1 , indicating that hydroxypropyl methacrylate participates in the reaction with isophorone diisocyanate in the PU phase. Therefore, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, as an adjacent bond, realizes the connection between the PU phase and the PMMA phase.

[0050] See Figure 3 , which is the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material prepared in Example 1. As shown in the figure, at a of δ 0.84-1.05 ppm is the chemical shift of the methyl protons (-CH3) connected by a carbon-carbon double bond and the two symmetric methyl protons (-CH3) on the cyclohexane of IPDI; at b of δ 1.42 ppm is the chemical shift of the methyl protons (-CH3) on HPMA near the -OH side; at c of δ 1.95 ppm is the chemical shift of the methylene protons (-CH2-) generated after the polymerization of the C=C double bond; at f of δ 3.75 ppm is the chemical shift of the methyl protons (-CH3) on the MMA monomer connected to the ester group.

[0051] The mechanical properties, optical properties, glass transition temperature, Vicat softening point, and hardness of the materials in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested. Specifically, see Table 4. It can be seen from Table 4 that adding an adjuvant can significantly improve the strength, rigidity, and heat resistance of the glass-like polymer material; in the polymerization process, the absence of a cooling step will result in explosive polymerization and no sample can be obtained (refer to Comparative Example 4), and too low cooling temperature will seriously affect the transparency of the sample (refer to Comparative Example 3).

[0052] Table 4 Flexural strength MPa Flexural modulus MPa Tensile strength MPa Tensile modulus MPa Visible light transmittance % Glass transition temperature °C Vicat softening point °C Shore D hardness Example 1 141.1±1.3 3897.4±55.0 96.4±3.4 3215.0±40.2 95.2±1.1 147.4 118.4 >99 Example 2 123.5±2.3 3505.3±90.6 87.6±2.1 3025.0±36.6 94.1±2.5 138.6 115.6 >99 Example 3 146.0±0.6 4033.1±160.3 88.4±1.8 3448.9±40.8 91.4±2.8 155.8 125.5 >99 Example 4 133.0±3.2 3545.0±96.0 83.3±0.7 3196.3±44.9 90.2±0.5 143.7 117.3 >99 Comparative example 1 92.17±0.4 2940.0±20.9 68.8±1.1 2308.5±23.6 93.5±0.6 115.3 95.3 92 Comparative example 2 89.23±0.8 2968.0±25.4 65.7±0.9 2243.5±21.3 93.6±0.9 112.4 94.4 91 Comparative example 3 140.5±1.9 3542.2±60.7 85.7±5.4 3278.0±62.4 20.8±6.8 145.9 119.6 >99 Comparative example 4* - - - - - - - - *: Explosive polymerization occurred during the reaction in Comparative Example 4, and no sample was obtained.

[0053] See Figure 4 , which is a photo taken through the transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material prepared in Example 1. Due to the high transparency of the material, the real object can be clearly photographed.

[0054] In summary, the novel interpenetrating network structure polymer material with a novel adjacent bonding structure prepared in this application has excellent transparency (transparency > 90%), heat resistance, high strength, high modulus and scratch resistance, and is a novel transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material.

[0055] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have their own emphases. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0056] The above has introduced in detail a transparent lightweight glass-like polymer material and its preparation method provided by the embodiments of the present application, and specific examples have been used to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the technical solution and its core idea of the present application; those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Methyl methacrylate, an initiator and a cross-linking agent are mixed, stirred and heated to obtain a first prepolymer; Taking polyol and isocyanate, mixing, stirring and heating to obtain a second prepolymer; The first prepolymer, the second prepolymer and the adjacent agent are mixed, and then a catalyst is added, stirred, and cooled. Subsequently, the material is heated, polymerized, and solidified to obtain a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material.

2. The method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the first prepolymer, the second prepolymer, the adjacent agent, and the catalyst is (30-75): (20-60): (1-10): (0.01-1).

3. The method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first prepolymer, the second prepolymer and the adjacent agent are mixed, and then a catalyst is added, stirred, cooled, and then heated, polymerized and cured to obtain a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material: the cooling temperature is -5~10°C, the stirring time is 10~30 min, the polymerization temperature is 45~80°C, the polymerization time is 15~30 min, the curing temperature is 60~120°C, and the curing time is 2~8 h.

4. The method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjacent agent is selected from at least one of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate; and / or The catalyst is at least one selected from triethylamine, triethylenediamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, and stannous octoate; and / or The first prepolymer is a polymethyl methacrylate phase prepolymer having a viscosity of 1-100 mPa‧s; and / or The second prepolymer is a polyurethane phase prepolymer, and its viscosity is 1000-10000 mPa‧s.

5. The method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the methyl methacrylate, the initiator and the cross-linking agent is 100: (0.3-0.8): (1.0-3.0).

6. The method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step of obtaining a first prepolymer by mixing, stirring and heating methyl methacrylate, an initiator and a crosslinking agent, the stirring temperature is 50-90° C., the stirring time is 30-60 min, and the stirring speed is 200-500 rpm.

7. The method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the polyol to the isocyanate is (10-90): (10-90).

8. The method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step of obtaining a second prepolymer by mixing, stirring and heating polyol and isocyanate, the stirring time is 30-60 minutes, the stirring temperature is 40-70° C., and the stirring speed is 50-200 rpm.

9. The method for preparing a transparent and lightweight glass-like polymer material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initiator is at least one selected from benzoyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptanenitrile; and / or The crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, glycerol trihydroxypropyl ether triacrylate, and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate; and / or The polyol is selected from at least one of 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyester polyol, polytetrahydrofuran, neopentyl glycol, alicyclic diols, and aromatic diols; and / or The isocyanate is selected from at least one of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and naphthalene diisocyanate.

10. A transparent, lightweight glass-like polymer material prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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