A continuous variable ratio fertilizer distributor based on prescription information and a working method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a continuous variable ratio fertilizer distributor based on prescription information and a working method, the fertilizer distributor comprises a fertilizer distributor, a fertilizer box and a fertilizer distributor, the fertilizer distributor comprises a fertilizer distribution cylinder and a plurality of fertilizer mixing cylinders, the fertilizer mixing cylinders can rotate around the axis of the fertilizer distribution cylinder; a cover plate is arranged on the top of the fertilizer distribution cylinder, an opening is arranged on the cover plate, a sealing plate is fixed directly below the opening, and the opening and the sealing plate form a feeding position; when the fertilizer mixing cylinder moves to the feeding position, the top feeding port of the fertilizer mixing cylinder corresponds to the position of the opening, and the bottom fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer mixing cylinder is closed by the sealing plate; a plurality of storage cavities are arranged in the fertilizer box, each storage cavity is communicated with the opening through a feeding mechanism, the feeding speed of the feeding mechanism is adjustable, and the fertilizer distributor is communicated with the fertilizer distribution cylinder through a fertilizer outlet pipe. The application can fertilize while entering each working area, realizes the effect of working as soon as entering the field, can accurately fertilize, the volume of the storage cavity is adjustable, can prevent the insufficient loading of a single element fertilizer from affecting the working efficiency, reduces resource waste and environmental pollution, and saves cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilization technology, specifically relating to a continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader and its operation method based on prescription information. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat, rapeseed, corn, and soybeans are major grain and oilseed crops in my country, and their yield is crucial to national food security. The application of chemical fertilizers plays a vital role in improving crop quality and yield, and fertilization methods are gradually transitioning from traditional manual spreading to mechanization. In recent years, with the implementation of national policies to reduce fertilizer use, green, reduced-volume, and precise fertilization has become a development trend. Variable-ratio fertilization based on prescription maps is the latest and most advanced fertilization technology, offering high spreading efficiency, improved fertilizer utilization, and reduced environmental impact from chemical fertilizers. However, existing fertilizer spreaders can only perform simple spreading functions, using pre-mixed fertilizers with fixed component ratios, and cannot be adjusted according to the dynamic changes in nutrient requirements of the work area. Therefore, this invention provides a continuously variable-ratio fertilizer spreader and its operating method based on prescription information to solve the above problems, showing promising prospects and significant importance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the problems of existing technologies, the present invention provides a continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader and operation method based on prescription information, which can be used for the application of solid granular fertilizer when applying base fertilizer or top dressing for field crops such as wheat and rapeseed based on prescription diagrams.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] (I) This invention provides a continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, including a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer box, and a fertilizer spreader; the fertilizer dispenser includes a fertilizer mixing cylinder and at least two fertilizer mixing cylinders; the fertilizer mixing cylinders are rotatably disposed inside the fertilizer mixing cylinders and can rotate about the central axis of the fertilizer mixing cylinders; a cover plate is provided on the top of the fertilizer mixing cylinders, and an opening is provided on the cover plate, with a sealing plate fixedly disposed directly below the opening; the area between the opening and the sealing plate is the feeding position, and when the fertilizer mixing cylinder moves to the feeding position, the top feeding port of the fertilizer mixing cylinder corresponds to the position of the opening, and the bottom fertilizer mixing outlet of the fertilizer mixing cylinder is closed by the sealing plate; the fertilizer box is provided with several independent storage chambers, each storage chamber is connected to the opening through a conveying mechanism, and the conveying speed of each conveying mechanism is adjustable; the fertilizer spreader is connected to the fertilizer mixing cylinder through a fertilizer outlet pipe.

[0006] Furthermore, the fertilizer mixing cylinder rotates via a rotary drive device; the rotary drive device includes a rotary motor and a rotating shaft; the rotary motor is fixedly mounted above the fertilizer mixing cylinder, and the rotating shaft is vertically mounted inside the fertilizer mixing cylinder, with the drive end of the rotary motor passing through a cover plate and fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; the fertilizer mixing cylinder is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and each fertilizer mixing cylinder is equidistantly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft; the central axis of the rotating shaft coincides with the central axis of the fertilizer mixing cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, the conveying mechanism includes a conveying pipe, a discharge pipe, an auger, and a motor; one end of the conveying pipe is connected to the storage chamber, the auger is disposed inside the conveying pipe, the motor is fixed at the other end of the conveying pipe, and the drive end of the motor is connected to the auger; one end of the discharge pipe is connected to the side of the conveying pipe near the motor, and the other end of the discharge pipe is connected to the fertilizer mixing cylinder through an opening.

[0008] Furthermore, the fertilizer box includes a box body and at least one partition; the partition is disposed inside the box body and divides the box body into at least two storage chambers; the partition is movable inside the box body to adjust the volume of the storage chambers.

[0009] Furthermore, lead screws are respectively provided at both ends of the housing. The lead screws are rotatably installed in the housing and are perpendicular to the partition. The partition is provided with through holes adapted to the position of the lead screws. A lead screw bushing that is threadedly connected to the lead screw is fixedly installed in the through holes. The partition can be moved by rotating the lead screw.

[0010] Furthermore, the lead screw includes an upper lead screw and a lower lead screw that are distributed vertically and parallel to each other; two upper lead screws and two lower lead screws are provided, and a bearing seat is provided between the two upper lead screws / lower lead screws, and the bearing seat is fixedly connected to the housing; one end of the upper lead screw / lower lead screw is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the housing, and the other end is connected to the bearing seat; each upper lead screw rotates under the drive of an adjusting motor, the adjusting motor is installed on the outer wall surface of the housing, and the driving end of the adjusting motor is fixedly connected to the end of the upper lead screw away from the bearing seat; the upper lead screw and lower lead screw on the same side rotate synchronously through chain drive.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the box body is provided with a flat bottom plate with the same number of partitions, and the flat bottom plates are distributed below the partitions; a baffle is provided on each side of the partition, the lower end of the baffle is hinged to the flat bottom plate, and the upper end contacts the partition; a plurality of first springs and second springs are provided above the flat bottom plate; one end of the first spring is connected to the upper surface of the flat bottom plate, and the other end is connected to a baffle; one end of the second spring is connected to the upper surface of the flat bottom plate, and the other end is connected to another baffle; the two baffles are kept in close contact with the partitions under the action of the springs; a concave arc-shaped guide groove is provided between two adjacent flat bottom plates, and a concave arc-shaped guide groove is provided between the flat bottom plate and the inner wall of the box body.

[0012] Furthermore, a soft membrane is provided at the connection between the partition and the baffle, and a soft membrane is provided at the connection between the baffle and the flat bottom plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a chassis is also provided; transport wheels are provided below the chassis, and the fertilizer box is fixed above the chassis; the fertilizer dispenser and fertilizer spreader are located on the side of the fertilizer box where the fertilizer is discharged, the fertilizer dispenser is fixedly connected to the chassis via a bracket; the fertilizer spreader is located below the fertilizer dispenser and is fixedly connected to the chassis.

[0014] (II) The present invention also provides a method for operating the above-mentioned continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Adjust the volume of each storage chamber in the fertilizer box to match the amount of each single-element fertilizer required for the farmland, and add the corresponding single-element fertilizer to each storage chamber.

[0016] Before the fertilizer spreader enters the initial working area, the conveying mechanism is activated. Based on the prescription information of the initial working area, the conveying speed of each conveying mechanism is adjusted. The single-element fertilizer in each storage chamber enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder at the feeding position and is mixed evenly. When the fertilizer in the fertilizer mixing cylinder reaches the amount of fertilizer required for the initial working area, the conveying mechanism stops working. At the same time as the fertilizer spreader enters the initial working area, the fertilizer mixing cylinder is controlled to rotate and leave the feeding position. The next fertilizer mixing cylinder rotates and enters the feeding position. The fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder and the fertilizer spreader in sequence to spread fertilizer in the initial working area.

[0017] Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next work area, the conveying mechanism is activated. Based on the prescription information for the next work area, the travel speed of the fertilizer spreader, and the position of the fertilizer spreader, the conveying speed of each conveying mechanism is adjusted in real time. Each elemental fertilizer enters the empty mixing cylinder at the feeding position and is mixed evenly. Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next work area, the fertilizer in the mixing cylinder reaches the required amount for the next work area, and the conveying mechanism stops working. When the fertilizer spreader reaches the node position of two adjacent work areas, the mixing cylinder is controlled to leave the feeding position and unload. The next mixing cylinder rotates back into the feeding position, and the fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder and the fertilizer spreader in sequence to spread fertilizer on the current work area. This step is repeated to complete the fertilization operation of the entire farmland.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] (1) In this invention, the fertilizer dispenser includes a fertilizer dispensing cylinder and multiple fertilizer mixing cylinders. The multiple fertilizer mixing cylinders can alternately mix and unload materials, and can prepare the mixed fertilizer required for the next work area in the current work area. This allows the device of this invention to spread fertilizer while entering the work area without interrupting the work, achieving the effect of working immediately upon entering the site and improving work efficiency.

[0020] (2) In this invention, the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism is adjustable. By adjusting the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism, the mixing ratio of each element fertilizer can be controlled so that the mixing ratio is consistent with the prescription information of the working area. This enables precise batching and precise fertilization, reducing resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0021] (3) In this invention, the fertilizer box is provided with several independent storage chambers, and the volume of each storage chamber is adjustable. Before loading the single-element fertilizer, the volume of each storage chamber can be adjusted according to the prescription information of the field and the total amount of fertilizer used, so as to adapt to the different fertilizer ratio requirements of each fertilization operation and prevent the insufficient loading of a certain single-element fertilizer from affecting the efficiency of the operation.

[0022] (4) This invention saves costs in intermediate links such as mixing fertilizers in the factory, transportation and taxes, and significantly reduces the cost of use; this invention can accurately apply fertilizer according to the ratio, which solves the problem that the fertilizer ratio cannot be fully matched with the prescription diagram due to the limited specifications of the fertilizers prepared in the factory, saves fertilizer usage, improves fertilizer utilization, and has good economic benefits, important social significance and broad application prospects. Attached image description:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer dispenser structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a top view of the fertilizer box of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the fertilizer box of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of area B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the operation process of this invention;

[0029] The labels in the attached diagram are:

[0030] 1. Fertilizer dispenser; 11. Fertilizer dispensing cylinder; 12. Support; 13. Fertilizer outlet pipe; 14. Rotary motor; 15. Cover plate; 16. Fertilizer mixing cylinder; 17. Agitator; 18. Rotating shaft; 110. Sealing plate; 150. Opening; 160. Bottom fertilizer mixing outlet;

[0031] 2. Fertilizer bin; 20. Box body; 21. Partition; 22a. Upper lead screw; 22b. Lower lead screw; 23. Lead screw bushing; 24. Adjusting motor; 25. Motor; 26. Screw; 27. Baffle; 28a. First spring; 28b. Second spring; 29. ​​Soft membrane; 200. Bearing seat; 201. Concave arc-shaped guide groove; 202. Conveying pipe; 203. Discharge pipe; 204. Cleaning hole; 205. Flat bottom plate;

[0032] 3. Fertilizer spreader; 4. Chassis. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This invention provides a continuous variable-ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, including a fertilizer dispenser 1, a fertilizer tank 2, a fertilizer spreader 3, a chassis 4, and a control system. The chassis 4 provides support for the main structure and provides operational mobility; it can be self-propelled, towed, or semi-suspended. In this embodiment, it is set to towed.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, transport wheels are installed below the chassis 4, and the fertilizer tank 2 is fixed above the chassis 4. The fertilizer mixer 1 and the fertilizer spreader 3 are located on the side of the fertilizer tank 2 where it discharges. The fertilizer mixer 1 is fixedly connected to the chassis 4 via a bracket 12, and the fertilizer spreader 3 is distributed below the fertilizer mixer 1 and fixedly connected to the chassis 4. The fertilizer mixer 1 is used to mix the single-element fertilizer transported from the fertilizer tank 2 into a compound fertilizer and then distribute it to the fertilizer spreader 3 to complete the spreading operation.

[0037] like Figure 2As shown, the fertilizer mixer 1 includes a fertilizer mixing cylinder 11 and three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16. The fertilizer mixing cylinder 11 is a hollow cylindrical conical shell, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 are hollow cylindrical conical shells, open at the top and bottom, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. A coaxial, powered agitator 17 is installed inside each fertilizer mixing cylinder 16. The three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 are rotatably mounted inside the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, and can rotate about the central axis of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11. A cover plate 15 is installed on the top of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, and an opening 150 is provided on the cover plate 15. A horizontally distributed sealing plate 110 is fixedly installed directly below the opening 150, and the area between the opening 150 and the sealing plate 110 is the feed position. Three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 can rotate within the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, sequentially entering and leaving the feeding position. When a fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 moves to the feeding position, the top feeding port of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 corresponds to the position of the opening 150, and the bottom fertilizer mixing outlet 160 of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 is closed by the sealing plate 110. At this time, the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 in the feeding position can receive, mix, and temporarily store fertilizer. When the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 rotates and leaves the feeding position, the bottom fertilizer mixing outlet 160 of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 disengages from the sealing plate 110. It is set that one fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 is always in the feeding position. In this state, the bottom fertilizer mixing outlet 160 of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 is completely closed by the sealing plate 110.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figures 3-4 As shown, the fertilizer tank 2 has three independent storage chambers, each used to store different single-element fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Each of the three storage chambers is connected to the opening 150 via its own conveying mechanism. The conveying speed of each of the three conveying mechanisms is adjustable and the rotation speed can be controlled independently. The conveying amount of each single-element fertilizer can be controlled by adjusting the conveying speed, thereby controlling the mixing ratio of the various single-element fertilizers. A fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, and the fertilizer spreader 3 is connected to the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11 through the fertilizer outlet pipe 13.

[0039] In application, the required amount of each elemental fertilizer is placed in one of the three storage chambers, with the amount added matching the total demand. The elemental fertilizers in each of the three storage chambers are transported through their respective conveying mechanisms, entering the mixing cylinder 16 located at the feed position through the opening 150. The mixing ratio of each elemental fertilizer is adjusted by controlling the conveying speed of the conveying mechanisms, ensuring that the mixing ratio and weight of each elemental fertilizer in the mixing cylinder 16 match the prescription and demand of the area to be fertilized. Before entering the area to be treated, the required elemental fertilizers for that area have already entered the mixing cylinder 16 at the feed position and are mixed evenly. As the fertilizer spreader enters the area to be treated, the mixing cylinder 16 rotates and leaves the feed position. The evenly mixed fertilizer in the mixing cylinder 16 flows out from the bottom mixing outlet 160 into the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11, and then enters the fertilizer spreader 3 through the fertilizer outlet pipe 13 to perform the fertilization operation in that area. After fertilization of this area is completed, the above operation is repeated until all farmland to be treated is fertilized.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 rotates via a rotary drive device.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the rotary drive device includes a rotary motor 14 and a rotating shaft 18. The rotary motor 14 is fixedly mounted above the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, and the rotating shaft 18 is vertically and rotatably mounted inside the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, with the rotary motor 14, rotating shaft 18, and fertilizer mixing cylinder 11 arranged coaxially. The drive end of the rotary motor 14 passes through the cover plate 15 and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 18. Three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 are respectively fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 18, and the three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 are distributed at equal intervals (equiangularly) along the circumference of the rotating shaft 18. The rotary motor 14 can drive the rotating shaft 18 to rotate, thereby driving the three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 to rotate, causing the three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 to alternately enter and leave the feeding position.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material conveying mechanism includes a conveying pipe 202, a discharge pipe 203, an auger 26, and a motor 25 (hydraulic motor). Specifically, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, one end of the conveying pipe 202 is connected to the storage chamber (connected to the lowest point of the storage chamber, which has a slope). An auger 26 is installed inside the conveying pipe 202 and extends into the storage chamber. The motor 25 is fixed to the other end of the conveying pipe 202, and the drive end of the motor 25 is connected to the auger 26. One end of the discharge pipe 203 is connected to the side of the conveying pipe 202 near the motor 25, and the other end of the discharge pipe 203 is connected to the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 through the opening 150. Figure 1 During application, the motor 25 is started, driving the auger 26 to rotate, causing the fertilizer in the storage chamber to sequentially enter the conveying pipe 202 and the discharge pipe 203, and then enter the mixing cylinder 16 through the opening 150 for mixing. During operation, the fertilizer application rate and ratio can be continuously and precisely adjusted by controlling the speed of the motor 25.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer box 2 includes a box body 20 and two parallel partitions 21. Figures 3-4 As shown, the box 20 is a rectangular shell with an opening at the top and a larger top and smaller bottom. The partition 21 is set inside the box 20, dividing the box 20 into three storage chambers. The partition 21 can move horizontally inside the box 20, and the volume of the storage chamber can be adjusted to meet the different overall fertilizer ratio requirements for each fertilizer application operation.

[0044] A lead screw is provided at each end of the housing 20. The lead screw is rotatably mounted inside the housing 20 and is perpendicular to the partition 21. The partition 21 is provided with a through hole adapted to the position of the lead screw. A lead screw bushing 23 that is threadedly connected to the lead screw is fixedly installed in the through hole. The partition 21 can be moved by rotating the lead screw.

[0045] More specifically, such as Figures 3-4As shown, the lead screw includes upper lead screws 22a and lower lead screws 22b, which are vertically distributed and parallel to each other. Two upper lead screws 22a and two lower lead screws 22b are horizontally distributed. A bearing seat 200 is provided between the two upper lead screws 22a and between the two lower lead screws 22b. The two bearing seats 200 are vertically distributed and fixedly connected to the housing 20. One end of each upper lead screw 22a is rotatably connected to one of the two inner walls of the housing 20, and the other end of each upper lead screw 22a is connected to the upper bearing seat 200. Both upper lead screws 22a can rotate independently. One end of each lower lead screw 22b is rotatably connected to one of the two inner walls of the housing 20, and the other end of each lower lead screw 22b is connected to the lower bearing seat 200. Both lower lead screws 22b can rotate independently. Each upper lead screw 22a rotates under the drive of an adjusting motor 24, which is mounted on the outer wall surface of the housing 20. The driving end of the adjusting motor 24 is fixedly connected to the end of the upper lead screw 22a away from the bearing seat 200. The upper lead screw 22a and lower lead screw 22b on the same side rotate synchronously through chain drive. In application, the adjusting motor 24 drives the upper lead screw 22a to rotate, and drives the lower lead screw 22b to rotate through chain drive (drive wheel and drive chain), thereby driving the partition 21 to move.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 4-5 As shown, the bottom of the housing 20 has a number of flat bottom plates 205 equal to the number of partitions 21. The flat bottom plates 205 are distributed below the partitions 21, and there is a certain distance between the flat bottom plates 205 and the partitions 21. A baffle 27 is provided on each side of the partition 21. The lower end of the baffle 27 is hinged to the edge of the flat bottom plate 205, and the upper end contacts the partition 21. The two baffles 27 and the flat bottom plate 205 form a triangular structure. Several first springs 28a and second springs 28b are provided above the flat bottom plate 205. The lower end of the first spring 28a is connected to the upper surface of the flat bottom plate 205, and the upper end is connected to one baffle 27. The lower end of the second spring 28b is connected to the upper surface of the flat bottom plate 205, and the upper end is connected to another baffle 27. The first spring 28a and the second spring 28b respectively tension the two baffles 27. Whether in a static or translating state, the two baffles 27 remain tightly connected to the partition 21 under the action of the springs. A soft membrane 29 is provided at the connection between the partition 21 and the baffle 27, and a soft membrane 29 is also provided at the connection between the baffle 27 and the flat bottom plate 205. The soft membrane 29 can prevent fertilizer particles from falling into the gaps.

[0047] like Figure 4As shown, a concave arc-shaped guide groove 201 is provided between two adjacent flat bottom plates 205, and a concave arc-shaped guide groove 201 is provided between the flat bottom plate 205 and the inner wall of the box body 20. The concave arc-shaped guide groove 201 has a slope to facilitate fertilizer discharge. The fertilizer can enter the auger 26 through the concave arc-shaped guide groove 201.

[0048] In this embodiment, the start-up, shutdown, and operating status of the rotary motor 14, agitator 17, regulating motor 24, motor 25, and spreader 3 are all automatically controlled by the control system (not shown in the figure) according to the program. The operating parameters of the corresponding electro-hydraulic drive components, such as rotational speed, angular velocity, and angular displacement, are calculated and fed back by corresponding sensors (not shown in the figure). The weight of the remaining material in the fertilizer tank 2 and each fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 is also fed back by corresponding sensors (not shown in the figure).

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment provides an operating method for a continuous variable-ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, implemented using the device described in Embodiment 1. A flowchart can be found below. Figure 6 This includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Before operation, connect chassis 4 to the tractor or other traction power source, connect the corresponding electro-hydraulic system, debug and connect the control and navigation systems, and call up the fertilizer prescription information of the farmland to obtain the total amount of each single fertilizer.

[0052] Step 2: Start the four sets of adjusting motors 24. The adjusting motors 24 drive the upper lead screw 22a and the lower lead screw 22b to rotate, thereby driving the partition 21 to move horizontally within the box 20. Adjust the position of the two partitions 21, thereby adjusting the volume of each storage chamber in the fertilizer box 2 to match the total amount of each single fertilizer required for the farmland.

[0053] Step 3: Add nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer to the three storage chambers respectively, and ensure that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer can meet the needs of the entire work area, so as to prevent the insufficient storage of a certain single fertilizer from affecting the work efficiency.

[0054] Step 4: Before the fertilizer spreader enters the initial working area, turn on the three motors 25 respectively. Control the speed of the three motors 25 according to the prescription information of the initial working area. The motors 25 drive the augers 26 to rotate. Each of the three augers 26 outputs the specified amount of single-element fertilizer according to the prescription, so that the single-element fertilizers in the storage chamber sequentially enter the conveying pipe 202 and the discharge pipe 203, and then enter the mixing cylinder 16 at the feeding position through the opening 150 for mixing. Controlling the speed of the motors 25 can adjust the conveying amount of each single-element fertilizer, thereby adjusting the mixing ratio of the single-element fertilizers in the mixing cylinder 16 to ensure that the mixing ratio is consistent with the prescription information of the initial working area.

[0055] When the fertilizer in the mixing cylinder 16 reaches the required amount for the initial working area, the motor 25 and agitator 17 stop working. Simultaneously, as the fertilizer spreader enters the initial working area, the rotary motor 14 starts, driving the shaft 18 to rotate. This, in turn, causes the three mixing cylinders 16 to rotate, causing the mixing cylinder 16 in the feeding position to move away from the feeding position and unload. The next mixing cylinder 16 then rotates back to the feeding position. The fertilizer quickly enters the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11 from the mixing outlet 160 and is distributed to the fertilizer spreader 3 via the fertilizer outlet pipe 13, spreading fertilizer evenly and precisely across the field in the initial working area.

[0056] Step 5: The control system automatically identifies the plot information based on the received GNSS location signal, retrieves the fertilization information from the fertilization prescription map, and controls the operating time and speed of components such as the hydraulic motor driving the auger and the rotary motor driving the fertilizer mixing cylinder, based on the actual operating speed measured by the speed sensor and the preset operating width, and then starts the fertilizer spreader. Specifically:

[0057] Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next work area, the three motors 25 are restarted. Based on the prescription information for the next work area, the fertilizer spreader's travel speed, and its position, the rotation speed of the three motors 25 is controlled. The motors 25 drive the auger 26 to rotate, causing each elemental fertilizer in the storage chamber to sequentially enter the conveying pipe 202 and the discharge pipe 203, and then through the opening 150 into the mixing cylinder 16, which is currently in the feeding position, for thorough mixing. Controlling the rotation speed of the motors 25 adjusts the conveying amount of each elemental fertilizer, thereby adjusting the mixing ratio of each elemental fertilizer in the mixing cylinder 16 to ensure the mixing ratio matches the prescription information for the next work area.

[0058] Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next work area, the fertilizer in the mixing cylinder 16 reaches the required amount for the next work area, and the motor 25 stops working. When the fertilizer spreader reaches the node position of two adjacent work areas, the rotary motor 14 is started to drive the rotating shaft 18 to rotate, which in turn drives the three mixing cylinders 16 to rotate, causing the mixing cylinder 16 currently in the feeding position to leave the feeding position and unload the fertilizer, and the next mixing cylinder 16 rotates to enter the feeding position. The fertilizer quickly enters the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11 from the mixing outlet 160, and is distributed to the fertilizer spreader 3 through the fertilizer outlet pipe 13 to evenly spread fertilizer in the current work area.

[0059] Step Six: Repeat Step Five to complete the fertilization operation for the entire farmland.

[0060] During operation, the remaining material status in fertilizer tank 2 and each fertilizer mixing cylinder 16, as well as the operation status of each drive actuator, are fed back in real time through sensors. If there is an overall no-load, it is considered that the operation is completed and the operation of all drive actuators will be stopped. If any drive actuator malfunctions, it may be due to a fault or foreign object blocking the rotor. For safety reasons, the operation of all drive actuators will also be stopped.

[0061] Under normal operating conditions, the control system uses the agricultural fertilizer prescription grid as the node position. A lead time is set before each node position based on the operating speed, controlling the rotary motor 14 to put the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 into a cyclical operation state, ensuring the orderly and continuous supply of premixed fertilizers with different ratios. Based on changes in the fertilizer ratio and amount applied before and after each node position, the speed of each hydraulic motor 25 is adjusted to achieve continuous and precise regulation of the fertilizer amount and ratio.

[0062] In this invention, the preset speed is set lower than the normal operating speed to facilitate program judgment and allow for dosage replenishment at an appropriate location within a prescription grid. Essentially, this involves further analyzing the prescription chart to improve operational accuracy. The operating method and process remain unchanged.

[0063] It should be noted that the mixing efficiency of the mixer 17 is high enough to allow the single-element fertilizer to mix rapidly after entering the mixing drum 16, and the bottom mixing outlet 160 is large enough to allow the mixed fertilizer to enter the fertilizer dispensing drum 11 at a sufficiently fast speed. Under the above conditions, by accurately adjusting the rotary motor 14, it is possible to fully adapt to the needs of continuous variable ratio fertilization operations with different application grids.

[0064] During the operation of this invention, the agitator 17 inside the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 continuously mixes the falling fertilizer in real time. Through this cycle, although the movement of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 is intermittent, fertilizer is always present in the fertilizer dispensing cylinder 11. The fertilizer, with a variable ratio based on the area of ​​the grid plot in the work prescription, can be fully mixed beforehand and stacked in layers in the fertilizer dispensing cylinder 11 without interfering with each other. By connecting the driving speed of the chassis 4 with the transport volume, automatic, continuous, variable ratio, and precise fertilization is achieved throughout the entire operation. This invention enables immediate operation upon entry into the site, improving operational efficiency.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous variable-ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, characterized in that, It includes a fertilizer dispenser (1), a fertilizer bin (2), and a fertilizer spreader (3); The fertilizer dispenser (1) includes a fertilizer dispensing cylinder (11) and at least two fertilizer mixing cylinders (16); the fertilizer mixing cylinders (16) are rotatably disposed inside the fertilizer dispensing cylinder (11), and the fertilizer mixing cylinders (16) can rotate around the central axis of the fertilizer dispensing cylinder (11); a cover plate (15) is provided on the top of the fertilizer dispensing cylinder (11), and an opening (150) is provided on the cover plate (15), and a sealing plate (110) is fixedly provided directly below the opening (150); the opening (150) and the sealing plate (110) are the feeding position, and when the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) moves to the feeding position, the top feeding port of the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) corresponds to the position of the opening (150), and the bottom fertilizer mixing outlet (160) of the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) is closed by the sealing plate (110); The fertilizer box (2) is provided with several independent storage chambers. Each storage chamber is connected to the opening (150) through a conveying mechanism. The conveying speed of each conveying mechanism is adjustable. The fertilizer spreader (3) is connected to the fertilizer distribution cylinder (11) through the fertilizer outlet pipe (13). The fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) rotates via a rotary drive device. The rotary drive device includes a rotary motor (14) and a rotating shaft (18). The rotary motor (14) is fixedly mounted above the fertilizer mixing cylinder (11), and the rotating shaft (18) is vertically mounted inside the fertilizer mixing cylinder (11). The drive end of the rotary motor (14) passes through the cover plate (15) and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (18). The fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (18), and each fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) is equidistantly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft (18). The central axis of the rotating shaft (18) coincides with the central axis of the fertilizer mixing cylinder (11). The fertilizer box (2) includes a box body (20) and at least one partition (21); the partition (21) is disposed inside the box body (20) and divides the box body (20) into at least two storage chambers; the partition (21) is movable inside the box body (20) to adjust the volume of the storage chambers; The bottom of the box (20) is provided with a flat bottom plate (205) in the same number as the partition (21), and the flat bottom plate (205) is distributed below the partition (21); a baffle (27) is provided on each side of the partition (21), the lower end of the baffle (27) is hinged to the flat bottom plate (205), and the upper end is in contact with the partition (21); a plurality of first springs (28a) and second springs (28b) are provided above the flat bottom plate (205); one end of the first spring (28a) is connected to the partition (21) and the partition (21) respectively; The upper surface of the flat base plate (205) is connected, and the other end is connected to a baffle (27); one end of the second spring (28b) is connected to the upper surface of the flat base plate (205), and the other end is connected to another baffle (27); the two baffles (27) are tightly connected to the partition (21) under the action of the spring; a concave arc-shaped guide groove (201) is provided between two adjacent flat base plates (205), and a concave arc-shaped guide groove (201) is provided between the flat base plate (205) and the inner wall of the box (20); A soft membrane (29) is provided at the connection between the partition (21) and the baffle (27), and a soft membrane (29) is provided at the connection between the baffle (27) and the flat bottom plate (205).

2. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material conveying mechanism includes a conveying pipe (202), a discharge pipe (203), an auger (26), and a motor (25); One end of the conveying pipe (202) is connected to the storage chamber, the auger (26) is installed inside the conveying pipe (202), the motor (25) is fixed at the other end of the conveying pipe (202), and the drive end of the motor (25) is connected to the auger (26). One end of the feeding pipe (203) is connected to the side of the conveying pipe (202) near the motor (25), and the other end of the feeding pipe (203) is connected to the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) through the opening (150).

3. The continuous variable-ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that, The box (20) is provided with lead screws at both ends. The lead screws are rotatably installed inside the box (20) and are perpendicular to the partition (21). The partition (21) is provided with a through hole that matches the position of the lead screw. A lead screw bushing (23) that is threadedly connected to the lead screw is fixedly installed in the through hole. The partition (21) can be moved by rotating the lead screw.

4. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lead screw includes an upper lead screw (22a) and a lower lead screw (22b) that are distributed vertically and parallel to each other. Two upper lead screws (22a) and two lower lead screws (22b) are provided, and a bearing seat (200) is provided between the two upper lead screws (22a) and lower lead screws (22b). The bearing seat (200) is fixedly connected to the housing (20). One end of the upper lead screw (22a) and the lower lead screw (22b) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the housing (20), and the other end is connected to the bearing seat (200). Each upper lead screw (22a) rotates under the drive of an adjusting motor (24), which is mounted on the outer wall surface of the housing (20). The driving end of the adjusting motor (24) is fixedly connected to the end of the upper lead screw (22a) away from the bearing seat (200). The upper lead screw (22a) and lower lead screw (22b) on the same side rotate synchronously through chain drive.

5. The continuous variable-ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also has a chassis (4); The chassis (4) is equipped with transport wheels below it, and the fertilizer box (2) is fixed above the chassis (4); The fertilizer dispenser (1) and fertilizer spreader (3) are located on the side of the fertilizer box (2) where the fertilizer is discharged. The fertilizer dispenser (1) is fixedly connected to the chassis (4) via a bracket (12). The fertilizer spreader (3) is located below the fertilizer dispenser (1) and is fixedly connected to the chassis (4).

6. The operating method of the continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Adjust the volume of each storage chamber in the fertilizer box (2) to match the amount of each single fertilizer required for the farmland, and add the corresponding single fertilizer to each storage chamber. Before the fertilizer spreader enters the initial working area, the conveying mechanism is turned on. According to the prescription information of the initial working area, the conveying speed of each conveying mechanism is adjusted. The single fertilizer in each storage chamber enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) at the feeding position and is mixed evenly. When the fertilizer in the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) reaches the fertilizer usage amount of the initial working area, the conveying mechanism stops working. At the same time as the fertilizer spreader enters the initial working area, the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) is controlled to rotate and leave the feeding position. The next fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) rotates and enters the feeding position. The fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder (11) and the fertilizer spreader (3) in sequence to spread fertilizer in the initial working area. Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next work area, the conveying mechanism is activated. Based on the prescription information of the next work area, the driving speed of the fertilizer spreader, and the position of the fertilizer spreader, the conveying speed of each conveying mechanism is adjusted in real time. Each single fertilizer enters the empty fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) in the feeding position and is mixed evenly. Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next work area, the fertilizer in the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) reaches the fertilizer usage amount of the next work area, and the conveying mechanism stops working. When the fertilizer spreader reaches the node position of two adjacent work areas, the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) is controlled to leave the feeding position and unload. The next fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) rotates back into the feeding position, and the fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder (11) and the fertilizer spreader (3) in sequence to spread fertilizer on the current work area. Repeat this step to complete the fertilization operation of the entire farmland.

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