Quantitative pressurization training instrument and training method after arteriovenous fistula surgery

Abstract

This invention relates to a quantitative pressure training device and method after arteriovenous fistula surgery. The device includes: a main body, wearable and fixed to the patient's arm; a pressure application component, located at the upper end of the main body, which can be strapped to the patient's upper arm and applies pressure to increase venous blood pressure and fill the venous vessels; a monitoring component, connected to the main body, used to monitor brachial artery blood flow, which works in conjunction with the pressure application component; and a hand gripper for the patient to hold and perform grip strength training. The main body has a control board, and the pressure application component and monitoring component are electrically connected to the control board. The hand gripper is communicatively connected to the control board. This invention, through the intelligent collaboration between the monitoring component and the control board, precisely regulates the pressure, ensuring that each training session is conducted in the most suitable blood flow environment, greatly improving the accuracy of rehabilitation training and avoiding rehabilitation delays or vascular damage caused by improper pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and more specifically, to a quantitative pressure training device and training method after arteriovenous fistula surgery. Background Technology

[0002] Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are considered a lifeline for dialysis patients. Typically, an artery near the wrist in the forearm is sutured to a nearby vein, allowing arterial blood to flow through the anastomosed vein, thus creating an AVF. Post-operative complications after AVF surgery include functional complication such as fistula blockage, vascular stenosis, and fistula malformation. Furthermore, AVFs cannot be used immediately after creation; they typically require 4-8 weeks to mature.

[0003] To promote the rapid maturation of the arteriovenous fistula, patients will undergo grip strength training after surgery. Currently, grip strength training typically uses grip strengtheners with different grip strength values, such as 2.5kg, 5kg, and 10kg, and the training is divided into multiple stages according to the grip strength value. In addition, patients may also use some exercise equipment to promote the maturation of the arteriovenous fistula in order to standardize the training.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent CN113018134A discloses a training device for autologous arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients. By incorporating a pressure component, a heat therapy component, and a hand exercise component, it can meet the training requirements at different stages of the fistula development. This allows for standardized training, effectively promoting fistula maturation and reducing complications. While this device can meet the training requirements at different stages, it lacks real-time monitoring and effective control of the training environment and the patient's condition. It only applies intermittent, fixed pressure during training, which can easily lead to delayed rehabilitation or vascular damage due to improper pressure, hindering fistula recovery and functional improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a quantitative pressure training device and training method after arteriovenous fistula surgery, which addresses the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0007] Construct a quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery, comprising:

[0008] The main body of the training device can be worn and fixed to the patient's arm.

[0009] A pressure-applying component, located at the upper end of the main body of the training device, can be strapped to the patient's upper arm and applied pressure to increase venous blood pressure and fill the blood vessels.

[0010] A monitoring component, connected to the main body of the training device, can be used to monitor brachial artery blood flow; the monitoring component works in conjunction with the pressurization component.

[0011] A hand grip strengthener for patients to use for grip strength training;

[0012] The training device has a main control board, and the pressure application component and the monitoring component are electrically connected to the main control board. The grip strength device is communicatively connected to the main control board. The main control board can dynamically adjust the pressure value of the pressure application component based on the brachial artery blood flow value detected by the monitoring component, so that the blood flow value is within a preset range during training.

[0013] As an improvement to the postoperative quantitative pressure training device for arteriovenous fistula, the monitoring component includes a flow sensor and a pressure sensor. The flow sensor is located on the main body of the training device and is used to collect brachial artery blood flow data in real time in conjunction with the location of the brachial artery in the patient's arm. The pressure sensor is connected to the pressure component and is used to detect the actual pressure value of the pressure component. It also includes a monitoring module for detecting the vascular status.

[0014] As an improvement to the postoperative quantitative pressure training device for arteriovenous fistula, the main body of the training device includes a fixing part and a connecting part, the pressure component is located in the fixing part, and the flow sensor and the control motherboard are respectively installed on opposite sides of the connecting part.

[0015] As an improvement to the quantitative pressure training device after arteriovenous fistula surgery, the fixing part and the connecting part are an integral structure or detachably connected, and the connecting part is provided with a monitoring module for detecting the vascular status.

[0016] As an improvement to the quantitative pressure training device after arteriovenous fistula surgery, the flow sensor is embedded in the groove of the connecting part, and an elastic element is connected in the groove to squeeze the flow sensor to bulge outward.

[0017] As an improvement to the postoperative quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula, the grip strength device has an adjustable grip strength level, and the control motherboard is connected to a grip strength adjustment module. The grip strength adjustment module is electrically connected to the grip strength device, and the grip strength adjustment module is used to adjust the grip strength frequency and grip strength value of the grip strength device according to the change in blood flow value.

[0018] As an improvement to the quantitative compression training device after arteriovenous fistula surgery, the compression component includes a compression band connected to the main body of the training device. The end of the compression band can be connected to and separated from the head end to be tied to the patient's upper arm. The compression band is provided with at least one air bladder that contacts the patient's upper arm along its own length direction. The air bladder is connected to a pump for inflation and deflation.

[0019] As an improvement to the quantitative compression training device after arteriovenous fistula surgery, the compression component includes a retractor, which is connected to a compression band. The end of the compression band can be wrapped around the patient's limb and connected to and separated from the main body of the training device. The retractor tightens the compression band to apply pressure to the patient's limb.

[0020] A postoperative training method for arteriovenous fistula surgery includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Wear the main body of the training device on the patient's arm, fix the pressure component to the upper arm, place the hand gripper in the hand, and activate the monitoring component to collect brachial artery blood flow data in real time.

[0022] S2. The main control board determines whether the blood flow is below / above the preset range based on the blood flow data. If it is below / above the preset range, it controls the pressurization component to apply / reduce pressure until the blood flow reaches the preset range.

[0023] S3. Operate the grip strengthener for grip strength training. At the same time, the monitoring component continuously monitors blood flow. The control board dynamically adjusts the pressure value of the pressurizing component, the frequency of the grip strengthener, and the grip strength according to the real-time blood flow, and records the training data.

[0024] As an improvement to the postoperative training method for arteriovenous fistula, in step S2, when the blood flow value is lower or higher than the preset range, the main board is controlled to increase or decrease the pressure value in a gradient manner, with each gradient pressure adjustment being 5-10 mmHg, until the target range is reached.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: through the intelligent collaboration between the monitoring components and the control motherboard, the pressure is precisely regulated to ensure that the patient can perform each training session in the most suitable blood flow environment, which greatly improves the accuracy of rehabilitation training and avoids rehabilitation delays or vascular damage caused by improper pressure.

[0026] In addition, by increasing venous blood pressure and filling the blood vessels, sufficient blood supply is provided to the fragile blood vessels after arteriovenous fistula surgery, accelerating the repair and regeneration of vascular endothelial cells, promoting vascular maturation, and reducing the risk of postoperative complications such as thrombosis and vascular stenosis.

[0027] Finally, by exercising hand muscles with a hand gripper, combined with the improved blood circulation in the upper limbs due to pressure, muscle atrophy can be effectively prevented, hand grip strength and upper limb muscle strength can be enhanced, helping patients recover normal limb motor function more quickly and improving their ability to take care of themselves. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the training device provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the training device provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the main body of the training device provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the connecting part of the training device provided by the present invention having an elastic band;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting part of the training device provided by the present invention having an elastic band;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the monitoring module of the training instrument provided by the present invention installed in the connecting part;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the monitoring module of the training device provided by the present invention installed in the airbag;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the postoperative training method for arteriovenous fistula provided by the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the training device; 11. Control motherboard; 12. Fixing part; 13. Connecting part; 131. Groove; 14. Elastic element; 15. Elastic band; 2. Pressurization component; 21. Pressurization band; 22. Airbag; 3. Monitoring component; 31. Flow sensor; 32. Pressure sensor; 33. Monitoring module; 4. Grip strength trainer. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, a clear and complete description will be provided below in conjunction with the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that brachial artery blood flow is a key indicator reflecting the function of arteriovenous fistulas. Insufficient blood flow in the early postoperative period can lead to fistula malformation, stenosis, or thrombosis; a flow rate of 500-800 ml / min is generally required for an arteriovenous fistula to be considered mature.

[0040] The preferred embodiment of the present invention is a quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the device includes: a training device body 1, which can be worn and fixed to the patient's arm; a pressure component 2, located at the upper end of the training device body 1, which can be strapped to the patient's upper arm and apply pressure to increase venous blood pressure and increase blood volume; a monitoring component 3, connected to the training device body 1, which can be used to monitor brachial artery blood flow, and the monitoring component 3 works in conjunction with the pressure component 2; and a hand gripper 4 for the patient to hold for grip strength training. The training device body 1 has a control motherboard 11, and the pressure component 2 and the monitoring component 3 are electrically connected to the control motherboard 11, while the hand gripper 4 is communicatively connected to the control motherboard 11. The control motherboard 11 can dynamically adjust the pressure value of the pressure component 2 based on the brachial artery blood flow value detected by the monitoring component 3, so that the blood flow value is within a preset range during training.

[0041] Specifically, a target blood flow range, such as 500-1000 ml / min, can be set according to the patient's individual condition, such as age and vascular condition. The patient first wears and secures the training device 1 on their arm, aligning the pressure component 2 with the upper arm and the hand gripper 4 in an easily gripped position. After turning on the training device, the monitoring component 3 immediately activates, acquiring the real-time blood flow value of the brachial artery and transmitting the data to the control motherboard 11. The control motherboard 11 judges based on the preset blood flow range standard. When it detects that the blood flow value is lower than the lower limit of the preset range, it immediately sends a command to the pressure component 2. Upon receiving the command, the pressure component 2 applies appropriate pressure to the patient's upper arm through methods such as inflating the airbag 22 or mechanical compression. This pressure obstructs venous return in the upper limb, thereby increasing venous blood pressure and filling the venous blood, indirectly improving the hemodynamic state at the arteriovenous fistula. Simultaneously, the patient repeatedly grips the hand gripper 4, a process that causes hand muscle contraction, further promoting blood circulation in the upper limb, working in conjunction with the pressure component 2 to aid in overall rehabilitation training. During training, the monitoring component 3 continuously monitors blood flow, and the control motherboard 11 adjusts the pressure of the pressurizing component 2 in real time according to the dynamically changing blood flow value, so as to always keep the blood flow within the ideal preset range.

[0042] This invention, through the intelligent collaboration of monitoring component 3 and control motherboard 11, precisely regulates pressure to ensure that each patient's training session takes place in the most suitable blood flow environment, greatly improving the accuracy of rehabilitation training and avoiding rehabilitation delays or vascular damage caused by improper pressure. By increasing venous blood pressure, it replenishes blood volume, providing sufficient blood supply to the fragile blood vessels after arteriovenous fistula surgery, accelerating the repair and regeneration of vascular endothelial cells, promoting vascular maturation, and reducing the risk of postoperative complications such as thrombosis and vascular stenosis. The hand gripper 4 exercises hand muscles, and combined with the improved upper limb blood circulation from the pressure belt 21, it effectively prevents muscle atrophy, enhances hand grip strength and upper limb muscle strength, helps patients recover normal limb motor function more quickly, and improves their self-care ability; the integrated and intelligent training process allows patients to obtain more effective rehabilitation stimulation in a shorter period of time.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the monitoring component 3 includes a flow sensor 31 and a pressure sensor 32. The flow sensor 31 is disposed on the training device body 1 and is used to collect brachial artery blood flow data in real time in conjunction with the position of the brachial artery in the patient's arm. The pressure sensor 32 is connected to the pressurization component 2 and is used to detect the actual pressure value of the pressurization component 2. It also includes a monitoring module 33 for detecting the vascular status.

[0044] Specifically, the flow sensor 31 can be an ultrasonic Doppler flow sensor 31, based on the ultrasonic Doppler effect. It emits ultrasonic waves into the blood vessel. When the ultrasonic waves encounter flowing red blood cells, the frequency of the reflected waves changes, resulting in a Doppler frequency shift. The magnitude of the frequency shift is proportional to the flow velocity of the red blood cells. By analyzing and processing the frequency shift signal, the blood flow velocity can be calculated. Combined with parameters such as the cross-sectional area of ​​the blood vessel, the blood flow rate can be obtained. The flow sensor 31 is installed on the main body 1 of the training device, and its position can be matched with the position of the brachial artery in the patient's arm to monitor the blood flowing in the brachial artery in real time. When blood flows in the brachial artery, the flow sensor 31 can capture the signal changes generated by the blood flow and convert these signals into electrical or digital signals, thereby obtaining the brachial artery blood flow data, which is transmitted to the control motherboard 11 in real time. Pressure sensor 32 is tightly connected to pressurizing component 2. When pressurizing component 2 applies pressure to the patient's upper arm, pressure sensor 32 senses the pressure generated by pressurizing component 2. Pressure sensor 32 converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal to accurately detect the actual pressure value of pressurizing component 2 and transmits this pressure value to control motherboard 11. Flow sensor 31 and pressure sensor 32 collect blood flow data and pressure data respectively, and transmit them to control motherboard 11. Control motherboard 11 comprehensively analyzes and processes the two sets of data. Based on preset programs and logic, it determines whether the current blood flow and pressure are appropriate, and then decides whether to adjust the pressure of pressurizing component 2 to maintain it within the preset blood flow range.

[0045] Real-time acquisition of brachial artery blood flow data by flow sensor 31 allows for precise understanding of blood flow at the patient's arteriovenous fistula. Pressure sensor 32 detects the actual pressure value of pressurization component 2, ensuring that the applied pressure is within a safe and effective range. Based on feedback, the control board 11 precisely regulates the pressure of pressurization component 2, ensuring that blood flow remains within the preset range during training, greatly improving the accuracy of rehabilitation training and avoiding vascular damage or rehabilitation delays caused by improper pressure.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, the training device body 1 includes a fixing part 12 and a connecting part 13, the pressurizing component 2 is located in the fixing part 12, the flow sensor 31 and the control motherboard 11 are respectively installed on opposite sides of the connecting part 13, and the flow sensor 31 is in contact with the patient's skin.

[0047] It should be noted that the flow sensor 31 is an ultrasonic Doppler flow sensor 31. The part of the flow sensor 31 located on the connecting part 13 is the sensing end of the ultrasonic Doppler flow sensor 31. The main unit of the ultrasonic Doppler flow sensor 31 is not directly installed on the main body 1 of the training instrument, but is connected to the sensing end on the connecting part 13 and the control motherboard 11 through wires.

[0048] Specifically, the fixing part 12 and the connecting part 13 of the main body 1 of the training device are connected to each other, and the pressure-applying component 2 on the fixing part 12 can be tied to the patient's upper arm. When the control board 11 issues a command, if the pressure is to be increased, the pressure-applying component 2 operates to apply pressure to the patient's upper arm, hindering venous return in the upper limb, thereby increasing venous blood pressure, filling the blood volume, and improving the hemodynamic state at the arteriovenous fistula; conversely, the pressure applied by the pressure-applying component 2 is reduced. The flow sensor 31 inside the connecting part 13, taking an ultrasonic Doppler flow sensor as an example, uses the ultrasonic Doppler effect to emit ultrasonic waves into the blood vessel, calculates the blood flow velocity by analyzing the changes in the frequency of the reflected wave, and obtains the brachial artery blood flow data by combining the cross-sectional area of ​​the blood vessel, and transmits it to the control board 11 in real time; after receiving the data, the control board 11 located outside the connecting part 13 compares it with the preset blood flow range, and controls the pressure-applying component 2 to adjust the pressure according to the result.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3As shown, the flow sensor 31 is embedded in the groove 131 of the connecting part 13. An elastic element 14 is connected inside the groove 131 to compress the flow sensor 31 and make it protrude outward. Specifically, the elastic element 14 is a compression spring or an elastic sheet; the flow sensor 31 is embedded in the groove 131 of the connecting part 13, and the elastic element 14 in the groove 131 continuously applies an outward compressive force to the flow sensor 31. When the training device is worn on the patient's arm, under the compressive force of the elastic element 14, the flow sensor 31 protrudes outward, thereby making it fit more closely to the brachial artery of the patient's arm. Even if the patient's arm has a certain curvature or there is slight movement of the arm during training, the elasticity of the elastic element 14 can ensure that the flow sensor 31 always maintains good contact with the brachial artery, ensuring that it stably collects brachial artery blood flow data and transmits the data to the control motherboard 11 in a timely manner.

[0050] Closely fitting the brachial artery effectively reduces signal interference caused by distance or poor contact, improving the accuracy of brachial artery blood flow data collected by the flow sensor 31. Accurate data provides a more reliable basis for the control motherboard 11, enabling it to more precisely regulate the pressure of the pressurizing component 2 and the grip strength frequency and value of the grip strength device 4, ensuring that rehabilitation training is conducted in a suitable blood flow environment and improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation training.

[0051] Furthermore, the fixing part 12 and the connecting part 13 are an integral structure. This integral structure makes the mechanical properties of the training device body 1 more stable, effectively preventing shaking or displacement caused by loose connections during pressure training and data monitoring of the patient's arm. During use, when the pressure component 2 applies pressure, the integral structure can distribute the pressure more evenly, ensuring stable and accurate pressure application to the patient's upper arm. When the flow sensor 31 collects brachial artery blood flow data, the overall structural stability also reduces interference caused by relative movement of components, ensuring accurate data acquisition.

[0052] In other embodiments, the fixing part 12 and the connecting part 13 are detachably connected. When the fixing part 12 and the connecting part 13 are detachably connected, they are connected by means of snaps, slots, etc., which brings greater flexibility to the use of the training device. In different usage scenarios, medical staff or patients can easily disassemble or install the fixing part 12 and the connecting part 13 according to actual needs. If it is necessary to clean, maintain or replace a certain component, the detachable connection makes the operation simple and easy. When the equipment malfunctions, the faulty component can be quickly located and replaced, improving the maintenance efficiency of the equipment.

[0053] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, elastic bands 15 are provided on both sides of the connecting part 13 to fix the disassembled connecting part 13 to the brachial artery position of the patient's arm. When the connecting part 13 is detached from the main body 1 of the training device, the elastic band 15 itself has elastic properties. In actual use, first align the connecting part 13 with the brachial artery position of the patient's arm, and then stretch the elastic band 15 around the arm. The elastic band 15 generates a rebound force due to its own elasticity, thereby tightly fixing the connecting part 13 to the brachial artery position. During this process, the flow sensor 31 on the connecting part 13 can stably maintain contact with the brachial artery, ensuring stable acquisition of brachial artery blood flow data. Even if the patient's arm moves during training, the elastic band 15 can adapt to the arm's movement through its own elastic deformation, continuously maintaining good contact between the connecting part 13 and the brachial artery, ensuring the continuity and accuracy of data acquisition.

[0054] The two elastic bands 15 are connected by Velcro. When the two elastic bands 15 need to be connected, the hook side of the Velcro on one elastic band 15 is pressed against the loop side of the other elastic band 15 to secure the connection and fix the two elastic bands 15, firmly fixing the connecting part 13 to the brachial artery position of the patient's arm. When it is necessary to adjust the tightness of the elastic bands 15 or to remove the connecting part 13, simply apply a certain amount of external force to separate the hook side from the loop side.

[0055] In other embodiments, the flow sensor 31, as the sensing end of the ultrasonic Doppler flow sensor 31, can be mounted on the connector 13 in a patch manner, thereby fitting against the patient's skin to monitor the blood flow of the brachial artery.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 6 As shown, the monitoring module 33 is connected to the connecting part 13. The monitoring module 33 is an ultrasound patch, which communicates with the control motherboard 11 via wireless transmission (such as Bluetooth) or a wired interface. Specifically, the ultrasound patch is detachably mounted on the connecting part 13, located on the same side as the flow sensor 31, and is used to adhere to the patient's brachial artery to simultaneously acquire blood flow values ​​and vascular structure images, which are then jointly analyzed by the control motherboard 11. As a detachable accessory, the ultrasound patch can be removed from the connecting part 13 and fixed in other preset positions, such as above the arteriovenous fistula anastomosis site, to perform local imaging of key areas of the arteriovenous fistula.

[0057] When the ultrasound patch is working, its internal piezoelectric crystal generates high-frequency ultrasound waves, typically between 2-15 MHz, under electrical signal excitation. These ultrasound waves are emitted towards the blood vessels in the patient's arm. When these waves encounter interfaces with different acoustic impedances, such as the blood vessel wall or cells in the blood, reflection, refraction, and scattering occur. The reflected ultrasound waves are received by the ultrasound patch and converted into electrical signals. After a series of complex signal processing steps, including amplification, filtering, and digitization, the signals are finally processed by the control motherboard 11 to form an image reflecting the state of the blood vessels. Through ultrasound imaging technology, the diameter, intimal thickness, blood flow velocity distribution, and presence of structural abnormalities such as stenosis / thrombosis in arteriovenous fistulas can be observed in real time, providing a more intuitive assessment of vascular status for rehabilitation training. Combined with existing blood flow monitoring data, the ultrasound patch can further verify the actual compression effect of the pressure component on the blood vessels (such as the degree of vessel compression and areas of accelerated blood flow), avoiding misjudgments caused by relying solely on flow data. Continuous monitoring of dynamic changes in the blood vessel wall, such as abnormal thickening and plaque formation, allows for early detection of complications such as vascular stenosis and aneurysms, optimizing personalized training programs. By comparing ultrasound images before and after training, the degree of vasodilation and the improvement in blood flow can be quantitatively assessed, providing objective imaging evidence for the rehabilitation process.

[0058] In some other embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, a flexible ultrasound patch can also be used, which is placed in the area of ​​the air bladder 22 on the pressure band 21 to monitor the pressure deformation of blood vessels in real time during the pressure process.

[0059] It should be noted that the flow sensor 31 and the monitoring module 33 can use different detection frequencies to avoid spectrum overlap interference. Alternatively, the operating cycles of the flow sensor 31 and the monitoring module 33 can be coordinated by the control motherboard 11 to avoid simultaneous transmission and reduce time-domain interference.

[0060] In some embodiments of this application, the grip strength device 4 is adjustable in grip strength level, and the control motherboard 11 is connected to a grip strength adjustment module. The grip strength adjustment module is electrically connected to the grip strength device 4 and is used to adjust the grip strength frequency and grip strength value of the grip strength device 4 according to the change in blood flow value.

[0061] Specifically, the adjustable grip strength level 4 includes, but is not limited to, 2.5kg, 5kg, and 10kg. The control board 11 automatically recommends or limits the grip strength value based on real-time blood flow data to ensure that the training intensity matches the blood vessel's tolerance. The monitoring component 3 collects brachial artery blood flow data and transmits it to the control board 11, which analyzes the data to determine if it is within a preset range. The grip strength adjustment module works according to changes in blood flow data. When the blood flow is close to the upper limit of the range, the grip strength adjustment module reduces the grip frequency of the grip strength device 4 to reduce the brief impact of muscle contraction on blood flow; when the blood flow is close to the lower limit of the range, the grip strength adjustment module increases the grip frequency of the grip strength device 4, such as from 20 times / minute to 30 times / minute, promoting blood flow through the muscle pump effect. If the pressure component 2 has reached the maximum pressure but the blood flow is still insufficient, the grip strength adjustment module increases the grip frequency to synergistically improve blood flow.

[0062] When blood flow decreases rapidly, such as at a rate greater than 100 ml / min, the grip strength adjustment module lowers the grip strength level, for example, from 5 kg to 2.5 kg, to reduce vascular load. When blood flow is stable but in the lower-middle range, the grip strength adjustment module increases the grip strength level, for example, from 2.5 kg to 5 kg, to enhance the training effect. When blood flow exceeds the upper safety limit or falls below the lower safety limit, the grip strength adjustment module forcibly locks the grip strength of the gripper 4, suspends grip strength training, and issues an alarm.

[0063] The grip strength adjustment module, electrically connected to the grip strength device 4, enables real-time control of the device, adjusting its internal resistance structure, such as the compression of the spring and the pressure of the hydraulic device, to change the grip strength level. Grip strength training parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the patient's real-time blood flow, meeting the personalized needs of different patients at different stages of rehabilitation. This avoids the limitations of traditional fixed grip strength training methods, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of rehabilitation training and making the training more closely aligned with the patient's actual physical condition. Reasonable grip strength training combined with appropriate blood flow can further improve upper limb blood circulation, providing more sufficient blood supply to the fragile blood vessels after arteriovenous fistula surgery, accelerating endothelial cell repair and regeneration, promoting vascular maturation, and reducing the risk of postoperative complications such as thrombosis and vascular stenosis.

[0064] It should be noted that the grip strength adjustment module controls the grip strength frequency and value of the grip strengthener 4 as follows: the control motherboard 11 has a display screen showing the recommended grip strength frequency. The value displayed on the screen is adjusted according to changes in blood flow within a preset range. During training, the patient can compare the recommended grip strength frequency with the actual grip strength frequency displayed on the grip strengthener 4 to adjust the actual grip strength frequency during training. The grip strength adjustment module is electrically connected to the grip strengthener 4 and can lock and pause training on the grip strengthener 4 according to a preset safety threshold, reducing the risk of training for the patient. When the training device is worn on the patient's operated limb, the display screen of the control motherboard 11 faces the patient's eyes or to one side of the patient's body for easy viewing during training. Furthermore, the angle of the display screen can be adjusted to suit the patient's comfort when viewing training data.

[0065] The hand gripper 4 is a spring-type hand gripper 4, including a handle, springs, an adjustment mechanism, and connecting parts for connecting the handle and springs. The adjustment mechanism is a knob or lever; by rotating the knob or moving the lever, the connection method of the springs can be adjusted, determining how many springs are simultaneously engaged in the force, thereby adjusting the grip strength level. When the patient grips the handle to perform a grasping action, they need to overcome the spring force. When the main control board 11 determines that the grip strength needs to be adjusted based on blood flow data, it changes the number of springs engaged in the action by controlling the adjustment device. For example, when blood flow is low and a higher grip strength is needed, the adjustment device engages more springs, requiring the patient to overcome greater resistance when grasping; when blood flow is high and a lower grip strength is needed, the number of springs engaged is reduced, lowering the grasping resistance. The hand gripper 4 has a display showing the grip strength frequency and grip strength value in real time.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, the pressurization component 2 includes a pressurization belt 21 connected to the main body 1 of the training device. The end of the pressurization belt 21 can be connected to and separated from the head end to be tied to the patient's upper arm. The pressurization belt 21 is provided with at least one airbag 22 that contacts the patient's upper arm along its own length direction. The airbag 22 is connected to a pump for inflation and deflation.

[0067] Specifically, the pump can be configured as a miniature air pump, diaphragm pump, vortex pump, or piston pump; and the pump is not mounted on the main body 1 of the training device, with the air bag 22 connected to the pump via an air tube. When using the training device, the pressure band 21 is first wrapped around the patient's upper arm, and the end is connected and fixed to the head. The control board 11 determines whether pressure adjustment is needed based on the brachial artery blood flow data transmitted from the monitoring component 3. If increased pressure is required, the control board 11 sends a command to the pump, which then starts working, inflating the air bag 22. The air bag 22 gradually inflates, applying uniform pressure to the patient's upper arm, hindering venous return in the upper limb, thereby increasing venous blood pressure, filling the venous blood volume, and improving the hemodynamic state at the arteriovenous fistula. When the blood flow data shows excessively high pressure, the control board 11 controls the pump to extract the gas from the air bag 22, reducing the pressure and maintaining the blood flow within a preset range.

[0068] The airbag 22 is inflated and deflated by a pump, allowing for precise pressure control. Each pressure adjustment is 5-10 mmHg, providing the most suitable pressure based on individual patient differences and real-time blood flow data. This ensures rehabilitation training is conducted in an optimal blood flow environment, improving the accuracy of rehabilitation training and preventing delays or vascular damage caused by improper pressure. The airbag 22, positioned along the length of the pressure band 21, makes full contact with the patient's upper arm, ensuring even pressure distribution and preventing excessive or insufficient local pressure. This improves patient comfort and ensures effective pressure stimulation of the entire upper limb venous system, promoting blood filling and circulation.

[0069] It should be noted that when there is only one airbag 22 in the pressurization assembly 2, and it forms a ring shape after being tied to the patient's upper arm, the end of the pressurization band 21 is connected to the head end, so that the single airbag 22 fits tightly around the upper arm to form a complete ring.

[0070] In other embodiments of this application, the airbags 22 in the pressure assembly 2 are multiple and spaced apart. Similarly, the patient first wears the training device body 1 on their arm, so that the pressure band 21 wraps around the upper arm. At this time, the multiple spaced airbags 22 will correspond to different parts of the upper arm. The patient connects the end of the pressure band 21 to the training device body 1, ensuring that each airbag 22 can be stably fitted to the corresponding position on the upper arm.

[0071] The number of airbags 22 can be set to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 as needed, and the airbags 22 are interconnected.

[0072] Whether it's a single ring-shaped balloon 22 or multiple spaced balloons 22, under the coordinated action of the control board 11 and monitoring component 3, the pressure can be precisely adjusted according to the patient's brachial artery blood flow, providing effective support for rehabilitation training after arteriovenous fistula surgery. Different balloon 22 settings are suitable for different patient needs and rehabilitation conditions, better meeting personalized rehabilitation training requirements.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, the pressure assembly 2 includes a retractor connected to a pressure band 21. The end of the pressure band 21 can be wrapped around the patient's limb and connected to and disconnected from the training device body 1. The retractor tightens the pressure band 21 to apply pressure to the patient's limb. Specifically, the operation of the pressure assembly 2 depends on the coordinated operation of the retractor, the pressure band 21, and the training device body 1. In use, the pressure band 21 is first wrapped around the patient's limb, and the end is connected to the training device body 1. The control motherboard 11 receives and analyzes the brachial artery blood flow data transmitted from the monitoring component 3. When it is determined that pressure needs to be increased, the control motherboard 11 sends a command to the retractor. The retractor starts, gradually tightening the pressure band 21. As the pressure band 21 tightens, it generates uniform pressure on the patient's limb, hindering venous return in the upper limb, increasing venous blood pressure, filling the blood vessels, improving the hemodynamic state at the arteriovenous fistula, and promoting rehabilitation training. When the blood flow data shows excessively high pressure, the control board 11 controls the retractor to reverse its rotation, loosening the pressure band 21 and reducing the pressure to maintain blood flow within a preset range. Based on the cooperation of the monitoring component 3 and the control board 11, the retractor can precisely adjust the pressure of the pressure band 21 according to real-time data of brachial artery blood flow. For example, when the patient's blood flow is below the preset range, the retractor can precisely tighten the pressure band 21, with each pressure adjustment precisely controlled within a certain range, such as 5-10 mmHg. This ensures that the patient remains in a suitable blood flow environment during training, avoiding adverse effects on rehabilitation or damage to blood vessels due to improper pressure, and improving the accuracy of rehabilitation training.

[0074] The pressure band 21 can wrap around limbs of varying thicknesses, and the pressure can be flexibly adjusted via the retractor, making it suitable for patients of different body types. Whether a patient has a thick or thin arm, the pressure band 21 can be adjusted to fit the limb snugly, achieving the ideal pressure effect and expanding the range of people to whom the training device is applicable.

[0075] Specifically, the retractor includes a housing, a drive motor, and a winding shaft housed within the housing. When the control board 11 determines that the pressure band 21 needs to be tightened, it sends a forward rotation command to the drive motor. The drive motor drives the winding shaft to rotate forward, and the winding shaft begins to wind the pressure band 21, tightening it and applying pressure to the patient's limb. When it is necessary to loosen the pressure band 21, the control board 11 sends a reverse rotation command to the drive motor. The drive motor drives the winding shaft to rotate in reverse, releasing the pressure band 21 and reducing the pressure.

[0076] Furthermore, the retractor can also be equipped with a tension adjustment structure, which will automatically adjust the tension according to the retraction and extension of the pressure belt 21 to ensure the normal operation of the pressure belt 21.

[0077] A training method after arteriovenous fistula surgery, such as Figure 8 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0078] S1. Wear the training device body 1 on the patient's arm, fix the pressure component 2 on the upper arm, place the hand gripper 4 on the hand, start the monitoring component 3, collect brachial artery blood flow data in real time, and transmit the data to the control motherboard 11;

[0079] S2. The control board 11 determines whether the blood flow is below / above a preset range based on the blood flow data. If it is below / above, it controls the pressurizing component 2 to apply / decrease pressure until the blood flow reaches the preset range. Specifically, when the blood flow value is below / above the preset range, the control board 11 increases / decreases the pressure value in a gradient, with each gradient pressure adjustment being 5-10 mmHg, until the target range is reached. The monitoring component 3 collects brachial artery blood flow data in real time and transmits it to the control board 11. The control board 11 compares the collected blood flow value with the preset range. When the blood flow value is below the preset range, the control board 11 sends a command to the pressurizing component 2 to increase its pressure in a gradient of 5-10 mmHg; if it is above the preset range, it controls the pressurizing component 2 to decrease the pressure in this gradient. This gradient adjustment method avoids sudden and large changes in pressure, allowing the blood vessels to gradually adapt to the pressure changes, reducing the risk of damage to the blood vessels and protecting the patient's vascular health. With each gradient adjustment, the monitoring component 3 continuously monitors the blood flow, and the control board 11 continuously determines whether the current blood flow has reached the preset range, stopping pressure adjustment only when the blood flow reaches the target range.

[0080] S3. Operate the grip strengthener 4 to perform grip strength training. Simultaneously, the monitoring component 3 continuously monitors blood flow. The control board 11 dynamically adjusts the pressure value of the pressure component 2, as well as the frequency and grip strength of the grip strengthener 4, based on real-time blood flow, and records the training data. Specifically, during training, when blood flow decreases and approaches the lower limit of the preset range, the grip strength adjustment module increases the grip strength frequency of the grip strengthener 4 to promote blood flow through the muscle pump effect, while simultaneously reducing the pressure of the pressure component 2. Conversely, when blood flow increases and approaches the upper limit of the preset range, the grip strength adjustment module reduces the grip strength frequency of the grip strengthener 4 to reduce the brief impact of muscle contraction on blood flow and increases the pressure of the pressure component 2 to maintain appropriate blood flow. The control board 11 also records various data throughout the training process, such as changes in blood flow, pressure adjustments, and grip strength training parameters. This data provides important information for subsequent rehabilitation assessments and adjustments to the training program.

[0081] In some embodiments of this application, in step S2, when the blood flow value is lower or higher than a preset range, the control motherboard 11 increases or decreases the pressure value in a gradient manner, with each gradient pressure adjustment being 5-10 mmHg, until the target range is reached. Specifically, the monitoring component 3 collects brachial artery blood flow data in real time and transmits it to the control motherboard 11. The control motherboard 11 compares the collected blood flow value with the preset range. When the blood flow value is lower than the preset range, the control motherboard 11 sends a command to the pressurizing component 2 to increase its pressure in a gradient of 5-10 mmHg; if it is higher than the preset range, the control motherboard 11 controls the pressurizing component 2 to decrease the pressure in this gradient. This gradient adjustment method avoids sudden and large changes in pressure. With each gradient adjustment, the monitoring component 3 continuously monitors the blood flow, and the control motherboard 11 continuously determines whether the current blood flow has reached the preset range, stopping the pressure adjustment only when the blood flow reaches the target range.

[0082] Smaller pressure gradient adjustments (5-10 mmHg) can prevent vascular damage caused by rapid pressure changes. Because blood vessels are more fragile after arteriovenous fistula surgery, excessive pressure fluctuations can lead to vascular rupture, intimal damage, and other problems. Gradual pressure adjustments allow the blood vessels to gradually adapt to pressure changes, reducing risks and protecting the patient's vascular health.

[0083] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery, characterized in that... ,include: The main body of the training device can be worn and fixed to the patient's arm. A pressure-applying component, located at the upper end of the main body of the training device, can be strapped to the patient's upper arm and applied pressure to increase venous blood pressure and fill the blood vessels. A monitoring component, connected to the main body of the training device, can be used to monitor brachial artery blood flow; the monitoring component works in conjunction with the pressurization component. A hand grip strengthener for patients to use for grip strength training; The training device has a main control board, the pressure application component and the monitoring component are electrically connected to the main control board, and the grip strength device is communicatively connected to the main control board. The main control board is used to: dynamically adjust the pressure value of the pressure application component based on the brachial artery blood flow value detected by the monitoring component, so that the blood flow value is maintained within a preset range during training; and the main control board is configured to dynamically adjust the pressure of the pressure application component based on the deviation between the actual pressure value detected by the monitoring component and the preset value, so as to maintain the blood flow within the preset range.

2. The quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring component includes a flow sensor and a pressure sensor. The flow sensor is disposed on the main body of the training device and is used to collect brachial artery blood flow data in real time in conjunction with the location of the brachial artery in the patient's arm. The pressure sensor is connected to the pressurization component and is used to detect the actual pressure value of the pressurization component. It also includes a monitoring module for detecting the vascular status. The monitoring module is a B-ultrasound patch that can be detachably disposed on the surface of the air bladder of the main body of the training device or the pressurization component.

3. The quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The training device body includes a fixed part and a connecting part. The pressurization component is located in the fixed part, and the flow sensor and the control motherboard are respectively installed on opposite sides of the connecting part.

4. The quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixing part and the connecting part are either an integral structure or detachably connected.

5. The quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flow sensor is embedded in the groove of the connecting part, and an elastic element is connected in the groove. The elastic element squeezes the flow sensor to bulge outward so as to fit the position of the patient's brachial artery.

6. The quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grip strength device has adjustable grip strength levels. The control board is connected to a grip strength adjustment module, which is electrically connected to the grip strength device. The grip strength adjustment module is used to adjust the grip strength frequency and grip strength value of the grip strength device according to the change in blood flow value.

7. The quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The pressurization assembly includes a pressurization belt connected to the main body of the training device. The end of the pressurization belt can be connected to and separated from the head end to be tied to the patient's upper arm. The pressurization belt has at least one air bladder that contacts the patient's upper arm along its own length. The air bladder is connected to a pump for inflation and deflation.

8. The quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The pressure assembly includes a retractor connected to a pressure band. The end of the pressure band can be wrapped around the patient's limb and connected to and separated from the main body of the training device. The retractor tightens the pressure band to apply pressure to the patient's limb.

9. A control method for a postoperative training device for arteriovenous fistula, characterized in that, The quantitative compression training device for arteriovenous fistula surgery according to any one of claims 1-6 includes the following steps: S1. The control system of the training device collects brachial artery blood flow data in real time through a flow sensor and detects the actual pressure value of the pressurization component through a pressure sensor. S2. The control system compares the blood flow value with a preset range: if the blood flow value is lower than the lower limit of the preset range, the pressure value of the pressurizing component is increased in a gradient of 5-10 mmHg; if it is higher than the upper limit of the preset range, the pressure value is decreased in a gradient of 5-10 mmHg; the adjustment is repeated until the blood flow value is maintained within the preset range. S3. The monitoring system continuously monitors blood flow and pressure values; the control system dynamically adjusts the pressure value of the pressurizing component based on the real-time blood flow value, and adjusts the grip frequency and grip value of the grip force adjuster through the grip force adjustment module; and the control system records the blood flow, pressure, and grip force parameters during the training process.

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