A large-length-diameter-ratio thin-wall shell machining tooling

Abstract

This application relates to the field of lathe machining technology, specifically disclosing a machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large length-to-diameter ratio, comprising a longitudinal slide; a tool holder slide and a follower slide, both slidably mounted on the longitudinal slide via the same adjusting screw, with the threads of the adjusting screw corresponding to the tool holder slide and the follower slide being opposite; a follower slide, mounted on the follower slide; comprising a C-shaped frame, with first abutting components slidably mounted on both the upper and lower sides of the C-shaped frame, the ends of the two first abutting components being closer to each other for abutting the workpiece; two guide rails located above and below the C-shaped frame, with the distance between the two guide rails gradually decreasing along the direction of the follower slide towards the tool holder slide; and the ends of the two first abutting components being farther apart being slidably engaged with the two guide rails respectively. Compared to traditional follower slides, this application only requires rotating the adjusting screw to achieve the movement of the follower slide and the engagement of the first abutting components, making the entire installation and adjustment process convenient and quick.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of lathe machining technology, and in particular to a tooling for machining thin-walled shells with a large length-to-diameter ratio. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machine tool processing, shaft and tube parts with an L / D value greater than 25 are generally referred to as slender workpieces, also known as workpieces with a large length-to-diameter ratio (slender shafts generally refer to solid ones, and thin-walled shells generally refer to hollow tubes). These types of workpieces are generally surface-machined on horizontal lathes. Due to their slender shape, their overall rigidity is poor. When the lathe tool mills their surface, the workpiece is prone to bending under stress and vibration, resulting in the surface of the machined workpiece being shaped like a drum or gourd. Therefore, horizontal lathes are typically equipped with a follow post and a center rest. The follow post is similar to the one disclosed in ZL202121531580.9 used for turning slender shafts, while the center rest is similar to the one disclosed in ZL201911115880.6 for slender shafts. Both use multiple annularly distributed threaded rods to hold the slender workpiece in place. The follow post moves with the cutting tool, resulting in a more balanced force on the cutting position of the slender workpiece and preventing it from bending or deforming. The center rest is generally fixed in the middle of the slender workpiece, reducing the L / D ratio to increase its rigidity and thus reducing vibration during cutting, thereby improving cutting quality. However, during machining, the center rest and the slender workpiece rotate relative to each other, causing heat and deformation at that location, which affects machining quality.

[0003] Patent document CN215616448U discloses a follow post for turning slender shafts. It uses a support plate and positioning bolts to support the slender workpiece, thus clamping it. However, it can only clamp the workpiece using the positioning bolts and cannot allow for overall retraction, making installation and removal of the workpiece relatively inconvenient. Another patent document CN213164122U discloses a follow post for lathe machining of slender shafts. In this case, the slender workpiece is supported by a support plate and adjusted using a mounting plate, pins, and fixing pins to move it closer to or further away from the workpiece, facilitating installation and removal. While this solves the inconvenience of installation and removal in the aforementioned patent document CN215616448U, both the follow post and the cutting tool need to be moved separately to approach the workpiece, which is cumbersome. Furthermore, although existing slender workpieces are limited by the follow post or center rest during turning, some vibration still occurs, affecting the turning accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is as follows: A machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio, comprising: Slide board; The tool holder slide and the tool follower slide are slidably mounted on the longitudinal slide via the same adjusting screw. The threads of the adjusting screw corresponding to the tool holder slide and the tool follower slide are opposite. A tool follower is mounted on the tool follower slide plate; it includes a C-shaped frame, and first abutment components are slidably provided on both the upper and lower sides of the C-shaped frame, with one end of the two first abutment components that is close to each other being used to abut against the workpiece; The two guide rails located above and below the C-shaped frame gradually decrease in distance along the direction of the tool holder slide plate towards the tool holder slide plate; the two ends of the two first abutting components that are far apart from each other are respectively slidably engaged with the two guide rails.

[0006] Preferably, the first abutting component includes a first sleeve and a first sliding shaft that are slidably fitted together, and a first spring is provided between the first sleeve and the first sliding shaft; The first sleeve has a first abutting wheel at the end away from the first sliding shaft, and the first sliding shaft has a first sliding block at the end away from the first sleeve.

[0007] Preferably, a first adjusting rod is coaxially screwed inside the first sliding shaft, one end of the first adjusting rod abuts against the first spring, and the outer peripheral wall of the other end is provided with an annular tooth set; The first sliding shaft is provided with a first clearance notch; the guide rail is provided with a strip tooth set; the strip tooth set can mesh with the annular tooth set through the first clearance notch.

[0008] Preferably, the tool holder further includes a second abutment component that is slidably disposed on the C-shaped frame in the horizontal direction; A second sliding block is slidably provided on the guide rail located below, and a connecting rod is hinged on the second sliding block. The other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the end of the second abutment component away from the workpiece. A limiting rod is slidably provided on the cross slide of the tool holder, and the limiting rod is hinged to the second sliding block.

[0009] Preferably, the tool holder slide includes an upper slide that slides longitudinally, and the tool holder is disposed on the upper slide; The upper slide plate is provided with a slot, and a sliding shaft is provided in the slot along the vertical direction, with the sliding shaft radially penetrating the limiting rod; A second spring is fitted onto the sliding shaft, and the second spring is located above the limiting rod.

[0010] Preferably, the second abutting component includes a second sleeve and a second sliding shaft that are slidably fitted together, and a third spring is provided between the second sleeve and the second sliding shaft; The second sleeve has a second abutting wheel at the end away from the second sliding shaft, and the end of the second sliding shaft away from the second sleeve is hinged to the connecting rod.

[0011] Preferably, a second adjusting rod is slidably provided inside the second sliding shaft, and a locking ring assembly is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the second adjusting rod away from the second sleeve; a second clearance notch is provided on the second sleeve corresponding to the locking ring assembly; The connecting rod has an arc-shaped portion at one end connected to the second sliding shaft, and the arc-shaped portion is provided with a set of teeth; The tooth assembly can engage with the snap ring assembly through the second clearance notch.

[0012] Preferably, the tooling further includes an airflow damping sleeve, which is fitted onto the outer edge of the workpiece; The airflow damping sleeve includes an inner ring sleeve, an outer ring sleeve, and a number of rollers that are rolled between the two. The outer ring sleeve is provided with an air inlet, and the inner ring sleeve is provided with an air outlet. The end faces of the outer ring sleeve and the inner ring sleeve are sealed together.

[0013] Preferably, one end face of the inner ring sleeve extends outward from the end face of the outer ring sleeve to form an annular transmission part. The end face of the annular transmission part is provided with end face worm teeth, which mesh with a worm. One end of the worm is connected to the drive assembly for transmission. The axis of the air outlet is radially inclined to the workpiece within the vertical section of the inner sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the longitudinal slide plate is provided with an installation arm, one end of the installation arm is provided with a snap-fit ​​sleeve, an adjusting sleeve is screwed to the outside of the snap-fit ​​sleeve, the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve is provided with a spiral guide groove, the depth of the spiral guide groove gradually changes, the snap-fit ​​sleeve is provided with a radially sliding abutting rod, and one end of the abutting rod located outside the snap-fit ​​sleeve is slidably snapped into the spiral guide groove. The outer side of the snap-fit ​​sleeve is screwed with a limiting ring for abutting and limiting the adjusting sleeve; The spiral guide groove and the clamping rod are provided in at least two sets at even intervals in the circumference; the clamping rod abuts against the outer ring sleeve.

[0015] The machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large length-to-diameter ratio disclosed in this application uses two sections of threads with opposite directions on the adjusting screw. This allows the tool holder slide and the follower slide to move closer and further apart while the adjusting screw is rotated, thus achieving synchronous operation. Compared to the traditional single-adjustment follower slide, the installation and adjustment process in this application is more convenient and faster. In addition, a first abutting component is provided. When the follower slide moves towards the workpiece, the second abutting component can simultaneously abut against the workpiece under the action of the guide rail to limit the workpiece. Compared to the traditional follower slide, this application only requires rotating the adjusting screw to achieve the movement of the follower slide relative to the workpiece and the abutting of the first abutting component against the workpiece, simplifying the tooling operation steps. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point B in the middle; Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of one end of the second abutment component connected to the connecting rod in this application; Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the slot in this application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the first abutment component in this application; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of a portion of point C in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of a portion of point D; Figure 9 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the airflow damping sleeve in this application; Figure 10 This is a front view of the airflow damping sleeve in this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the inner ring sleeve structure in this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting sleeve structure in this application; Figure 13 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the strip tooth assembly in this application.

[0017] In the picture: 1. Longitudinal slide; 10. Guide rail; 11. Mounting arm; 12. Connecting arm; 13. Adjusting screw; 14. Upper slide; 140. Slot; 141. Limiting rod; 142. Sliding shaft; 143. Second spring; 15. Synchronizing rod; 2. Follower slide; 3. Tool holder slide; 4. Follower slide; 5. Adjusting sleeve; 50. Limiting ring; 500. Spiral guide groove; 51. Snap-fit ​​sleeve; 510. Clamping rod; 52. Outer ring sleeve; 520. Air inlet; 53. Inner ring sleeve; 530. End face worm gear; 531. Air outlet; 54. Roller; 6 70. Workpiece; 70. First sliding shaft; 700. Sliding head; 71. First adjusting rod; 710. Stop handle; 72. Ring gear assembly; 73. First clearance notch; 74. First sliding block; 75. First sleeve; 750. Sliding groove; 751. Clamp handle; 752. Strip gear assembly; 76. First spring; 77. First abutment wheel; 8. Connecting rod; 80. Arc-shaped part; 81. Gear assembly; 82. Second sliding shaft; 820. Second clearance notch; 83. Second adjusting rod; 830. Clamping ring assembly; 84. Hinge shaft; 85. Gear; 86. Second sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the present application, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present application.

[0019] like Figure 1-13 As shown, a machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio includes: The longitudinal slide 1 is part of the entire slide box. It was originally used to adjust the displacement of the tool in the radial direction of the workpiece 6. In this embodiment, in addition to its original function, it also serves as the basis for improvement of this embodiment.

[0020] The tool holder slide 3 and the tool holder slide 2 are both slidably mounted on the longitudinal slide 1 via the same adjusting screw 13. The threads of the adjusting screw 13 corresponding to the tool holder slide 3 and the tool holder slide 2 are opposite.

[0021] Rotating the adjusting screw 13 can synchronously drive the tool holder slide 3 and the tool holder slide 2 to move closer or further apart. This function is achieved by the two threads with different directions of rotation on the adjusting screw 13, which correspond to the tool holder slide 3 and the tool holder slide 2, respectively.

[0022] The tool holder 4 is set on the tool holder slide plate 2; it includes a C-shaped frame, and first abutment components are slidably provided on both the upper and lower sides of the C-shaped frame. The end of the two first abutment components that is close to each other is used to abut the workpiece 6.

[0023] The tool holder 4 is located on the tool holder slide 2 and can move along with it.

[0024] The C-type frame is similar to the main body of the current traditional tool holder 4. It is mainly used to provide a bearing base for sliding limit. The purpose of its shape is to avoid the tool while limiting the workpiece 6 in the circumferential direction other than the tool.

[0025] The first abutting component has two parts, one located at the top and one at the bottom, and both are vertically slidable. When the two parts are close to each other, they can form an abutting state on the workpiece 6. When they are far apart, the abutting on the workpiece 6 is released.

[0026] The two guide rails 10 located above and below the C-shaped frame gradually decrease in distance along the direction of the tool holder slide 2 and the tool holder slide 3. The two ends of the two first abutting components that are far apart from each other are respectively slidably engaged with the two guide rails 10.

[0027] The length direction of the guide rail 10 is mainly longitudinal, that is, it is the same as the sliding direction of the longitudinal slide plate 1. The difference is that the guide rail 10 gradually tilts upward relative to the guide rail 10 located below it, and gradually tilts downward relative to the guide rail 10 located above it, along the direction of the tool holder slide plate 2 close to the tool holder slide plate 3.

[0028] The ends of the two first abutting components away from the workpiece 6 are respectively slidably engaged with the two guide rails 10, so that when the tool holder 4 moves toward the workpiece 6, the guide rails 10 gradually abut against the second abutting components, causing the two first abutting components to gradually abut against the workpiece 6.

[0029] By setting two sections of threads with opposite directions on the adjusting screw 13, the tool holder slide 3 and the follower slide 2 can move closer and further away from each other while the adjusting screw 13 is rotated, thereby achieving synchronous operation of the two. Compared with the traditional single-adjustment follower slide 4, the installation and adjustment process in this application is more convenient and faster. In addition, a first abutting component is set. When the follower slide 2 moves towards the workpiece 6, the second abutting component can simultaneously abut towards the workpiece 6 under the action of the guide rail 10 to limit the workpiece 6. Compared with the traditional follower slide 4, in this application, only the adjusting screw 13 needs to be rotated to realize the movement of the follower slide 4 relative to the workpiece 6 and the abutting of the first abutting component against the workpiece 6, simplifying the tooling operation steps.

[0030] The two guide rails 10 are connected by a connecting arm 12.

[0031] In some further embodiments, the first abutting component includes a first sleeve 75 and a first sliding shaft 70 that are slidably fitted together, and a first spring 76 is provided between the first sleeve 75 and the first sliding shaft 70. The first sleeve 75 is provided with a first abutting wheel 77 at the end away from the first sliding shaft 70, and the first sliding shaft 70 is provided with a first sliding block 74 at the end away from the first sleeve 75.

[0032] The C-shaped frame has a sliding hole corresponding to the first abutting component, and the first sleeve 75 slides in conjunction with the sliding hole.

[0033] The outer profile of the first sleeve 75 can be hexagonal to ensure that the first sleeve 75 stops rotating relative to the sliding hole.

[0034] The inner wall of the first sleeve 75 is provided with a sliding groove 750, and a sliding head 700 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the first sliding shaft 70. The sliding head 700 is slidably engaged in the sliding groove 750 to prevent the first sliding shaft 70 from slipping off the first sleeve 75.

[0035] The first spring 76 is located inside the first sleeve 75, with one end abutting against the bottom wall of the first sleeve 75 and the other end abutting against the end of the first sliding shaft 70 located inside the first sleeve 75.

[0036] A catch 751 is provided on a section of the outer peripheral wall of the first sleeve 75 located outside the C-shaped frame to prevent the first sleeve 75 from slipping off due to excessive orientation towards the center of the C-shaped frame.

[0037] In order to reduce the friction between the first sliding shaft 70 and the workpiece 6, a first abutting wheel 77 is rotatably provided at the end of the first sliding shaft 70 so as to rotate synchronously with the workpiece 6 and abut against the workpiece 6.

[0038] The first spring 76 makes the first abutting component more adaptable to the abutting of the workpiece 6, and avoids damage to the workpiece 6 caused by mechanical stress.

[0039] The first sliding block 74 is slidably engaged with the guide rail 10. In some other embodiments, the guide rail 10 may be provided with a T-shaped groove, and the first sliding block 74 may be a T-shaped block to ensure that a pull-back force is synchronously formed on the first abutting component.

[0040] In some further embodiments, a first adjusting rod 71 is coaxially screwed inside the first sliding shaft 70. One end of the first adjusting rod 71 abuts against the first spring 76, and the outer peripheral wall of the other end is provided with an annular toothed group 72.

[0041] The first sliding shaft 70 is hollow inside, specifically a cylindrical cavity; the first adjusting rod 71 is screwed inside the cylindrical cavity, and when the first adjusting rod 71 rotates, the first adjusting rod 71 can move relative to the axial direction of the first sliding shaft 70.

[0042] The first sliding shaft 70 is provided with a first clearance notch 73; the guide rail 10 is provided with a strip tooth set 752; the strip tooth set 752 can mesh with the ring tooth set 72 through the first clearance notch 73.

[0043] When the tool holder 4 moves, the first abutting component gradually abuts against the workpiece 6. When the first abutting wheel 77 just touches the workpiece 6, the first spring 76 is compressed. Then the first abutting wheel 77 gradually moves to directly above or below the workpiece 6. During this process, the strip tooth assembly 752 meshes with the ring tooth assembly 72 through the first clearance notch 73. Since the strip tooth assembly 752 remains stationary, the meshing action will drive the first adjusting rod 71 to rotate, thereby further driving the first adjusting rod 71 to move axially along the inside of the first sliding shaft 70 toward the inside of the first sleeve 75, thereby further compressing the first spring 76 to increase the abutting effect of the first abutting wheel 77 on the workpiece 6.

[0044] The two first contact components in the vertical direction work on the same principle.

[0045] By further compressing the first spring 76 when it first contacts the workpiece 6, the abutment effect on the workpiece 6 can be guaranteed. The abutment on the workpiece 6 is more targeted throughout the process, avoiding the use of large or small abutment force from beginning to end. Instead, the abutment strength is gradually increased as the workpiece is gradually brought into place, which is both safe and reasonable. When the tool holder 4 is removed, the first spring 76 will also be slowly released, thereby slowly reducing the abutment force of the first abutment wheel 77 on the workpiece 6.

[0046] In some further embodiments, the tool holder 4 also includes a second abutment component that is slidably disposed on the C-shaped frame in a horizontal direction.

[0047] The first abutting components are all vertically arranged, one for downward abutting and one for upward abutting, while the second abutting component is used for abutting in the horizontal direction.

[0048] A second sliding block is slidably provided on the guide rail 10 located below, and a connecting rod 8 is hinged on the second sliding block. The other end of the connecting rod 8 is hinged to the end of the second abutment component away from the workpiece 6.

[0049] A limiting rod 141 is slidably provided on the cross slide plate 2 of the tool holder, and the limiting rod 141 is hinged to the second sliding block.

[0050] The second sliding block can be similar in structure to the first sliding block 74. The two ends of the connecting rod 8 are respectively hinged to the second sliding block and the second abutting component. The limiting rod 141 is used to drive the second sliding block to move with the tool holder 4. When the tool holder 4 moves, the second sliding block is forced to move along the guide rail 10. Since the guide rail 10 is inclined, the angle of the connecting rod 8 will gradually change, that is, the angle between the connecting rod 8 and the horizontal direction will gradually decrease, so that the second abutting component moves faster than the C-shaped frame, thereby driving the second abutting component to move relative to the C-shaped frame toward the workpiece 6 to abut against the workpiece 6.

[0051] In some further embodiments, the tool holder slide 2 includes an upper slide 14 that slides longitudinally, and the tool holder 4 is disposed on the upper slide 14; the upper slide 14 is provided with a slot 140, and a sliding shaft 142 is provided in the slot 140 along the vertical direction, and the sliding shaft 142 radially passes through the limiting rod 141; a second spring 143 is sleeved on the sliding shaft 142, and the second spring 143 is located above the limiting rod 141.

[0052] Because the guide rail 10 is inclined, the limiting rod 141 needs to move vertically in addition to following the tool holder 4. Therefore, a groove is provided in the upper slide plate 14, and the limiting rod 141 is slidably disposed in the groove through the sliding shaft 142. At the same time, a second spring 143 is provided to limit the limiting rod 141 to a certain extent, so as to ensure that the movement of the limiting rod 141 only follows the movement of the tool holder 4.

[0053] In some further embodiments, the second abutment component includes a second sleeve 86 and a second sliding shaft 82 that are slidably fitted together, and a third spring is provided between the second sleeve 86 and the second sliding shaft 82; The second sleeve 86 is provided with a second abutting wheel at the end away from the second sliding shaft 82, and the end of the second sliding shaft 82 away from the second sleeve 86 is hinged to the connecting rod 8.

[0054] The cooperation effect of the second sleeve 86, the second sliding shaft 82, and the third spring is the same as that of the first sleeve 75, the first sliding shaft 70, and the first spring 76. Furthermore, the end of the second sleeve 86 is rotatably equipped with a second abutting wheel that abuts against the workpiece 6.

[0055] The second sliding shaft 82 is hinged to one end of the connecting rod 8 to transmit the force in the connecting rod 8, so as to synchronously drive the movement of the second abutment component relative to the C-shaped frame.

[0056] The inner wall of the second sleeve 86 can be provided with a sliding groove 750, and the outer peripheral wall of the second sliding shaft 82 can be provided with a sliding head 700 to prevent the two from slipping off.

[0057] A catch 751 can also be provided on a section of the outer peripheral wall of the second sleeve 86 located outside the C-shaped frame to prevent the second abutment component from slipping off.

[0058] In some further embodiments, a second adjusting rod 83 is slidably provided inside the second sliding shaft 82, and a snap-fit ​​ring assembly 830 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the second adjusting rod 83 away from the second sleeve 86; a second clearance notch 820 is provided on the second sleeve 86 corresponding to the snap-fit ​​ring assembly 830.

[0059] The connecting rod 8 has an arc-shaped part 80 at one end that connects to the second sliding shaft 82, and a set of teeth 81 is provided on the arc-shaped part 80.

[0060] The tooth assembly 81 can engage with the snap ring assembly 830 through the second clearance notch 820.

[0061] Unlike the first sliding shaft 70, the second adjusting ring is slidably disposed inside the second sliding shaft 82, and the second adjusting rod 83 is provided with a snap-fit ​​ring assembly 830.

[0062] The center of the arc-shaped portion 80 coincides with the center of rotation of the connecting rod 8 relative to the second sliding shaft 82. Therefore, when the angle of the connecting rod 8 changes, the toothed assembly 81 provided on the arc-shaped portion 80 of the connecting rod 8 will cooperate with the locking ring assembly 830, thereby driving the second adjusting rod 83 to move along the axial direction of the second sliding shaft 82. As a result, when the angle between the connecting rod 8 and the horizontal plane decreases, the second adjusting rod 83 slides toward the inside of the second sleeve 86 under the action of the locking ring assembly 830 and the toothed assembly 81 to compress the third spring, thereby increasing the abutting effect of the second abutting wheel on the workpiece 6.

[0063] In some other embodiments, the connecting rod 8 and the second sliding block can be provided in two sets, one set corresponding to the guide rail 10 located below, and the other set corresponding to the guide rail 10 above. At the same time, gears 85 are synchronously provided on the hinge shaft 84 where the connecting rod 8 is hinged to the second sliding shaft 82, and the two gears 85 mesh with each other.

[0064] Gear 85 rotates synchronously with hinge shaft 84, and hinge shaft 84 rotates synchronously with connecting rod 8.

[0065] It should be noted that the first adjusting rod 71 and the second adjusting rod 83 are respectively provided with a stop handle 710 at one end of the first sleeve 75 and the second sleeve 86. This is to make it easier to abut against the first spring 76 and the third spring, and to prevent the first adjusting rod 71 and the second adjusting rod 83 from slipping off.

[0066] The extension lines of the first and second abutting components pointing to the workpiece 6 intersect with the axial direction of the workpiece 6. When the workpiece 6 is not set, after the tool holder slide 3 and the follower slide 2 approach each other, the intersection of the first and second abutting rods is located on the side of the workpiece 6 axis close to the tool holder slide 3, so as to ensure that the first and second abutting components can smoothly abut the workpiece 6 after the workpiece 6 is installed.

[0067] In some further embodiments, the tooling also includes an airflow damping sleeve that is fitted over the outer edge of the workpiece 6.

[0068] The airflow damping sleeve is fitted over the outside of the workpiece 6, but does not completely contact the workpiece 6. The inside of the airflow damping sleeve sprays airflow toward the workpiece 6, thereby forming an air film between the workpiece 6 and the airflow damping sleeve to dampen the workpiece 6 and ensure the accuracy of the cutting process.

[0069] The airflow damping sleeve includes an inner ring sleeve 53, an outer ring sleeve 52, and several rollers 54 that are rolled between the two. The outer ring sleeve 52 is provided with an air inlet 520, and the inner ring sleeve 53 is provided with an air outlet 531. The end faces of the outer ring sleeve 52 and the inner ring sleeve 53 are sealed together.

[0070] The inner ring sleeve 53 and the outer ring sleeve 52 rotate through rollers 54. Accordingly, the rollers 54 can be set in the corresponding cage to ensure that the spacing between two adjacent rollers 54 is the same and unique. The end faces of the inner ring sleeve 53 and the outer ring sleeve 52 are sealed for gas collection.

[0071] The structure of the airflow damping sleeve is similar to that of the sealed roller bearing, except that more gaps can be set on the cage to ensure that the airflow flows from the outer ring sleeve 52 to the inner ring sleeve 53.

[0072] An air inlet 520 is provided on the outer ring sleeve 52 for connecting an air pipe, and an air outlet 531 is located on the inner ring sleeve 53 for blowing air to form an air film between the workpiece 6 and the inner ring sleeve 53.

[0073] There are multiple air outlets 531, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference and axial direction.

[0074] In some further embodiments, one end face of the inner ring sleeve 53 extends outward from the end face of the outer ring sleeve 52 to form an annular transmission part. The end face of the annular transmission part is provided with an end face worm gear 530, which meshes with a worm. One end of the worm gear is connected to the drive assembly for transmission.

[0075] The end face worm gear 530 provided on the annular transmission part is used to cooperate with the worm, and its main purpose is to drive the inner ring sleeve 53 to rotate relative to the outer ring sleeve 52.

[0076] The inner ring sleeve 53 rotates in the opposite direction to the workpiece 6 to avoid increasing the resonance effect.

[0077] In other embodiments, the vibration of workpiece 6 can be measured by sensing devices such as accelerometers or laser Doppler vibration meters. Then, the airflow pulse jet is controlled so that the airflow pulse frequency matches the vibration frequency and is out of phase, thereby better breaking the resonance condition.

[0078] The axis of the air outlet 531 is radially inclined to the workpiece 6 within the vertical section of the inner sleeve 53.

[0079] The air outlet 531 is inclined, preferably with the tangent direction of the air outlet 531 pointing in the opposite direction of the airflow direction to the rotation direction of the inner ring sleeve 53, so that the injected airflow forms a "yielding" effect, that is, to prevent the newly injected airflow from forming a jet column between the inner ring sleeve 53 and the workpiece 6 and destroying the stability of the air film. This mechanism can make the airflow injected between the inner ring sleeve 53 and the workpiece 6 form a stable air film, so that the airflow is not too turbulent, thus promoting stability.

[0080] In some further embodiments, the longitudinal slide plate 1 is provided with an mounting arm 11, one end of which is provided with a snap-fit ​​sleeve 51. An adjusting sleeve 5 is screwed to the outside of the snap-fit ​​sleeve 51. The inner wall of the adjusting sleeve 5 is provided with a spiral guide groove 500. The depth of the spiral guide groove 500 gradually changes. A clamping rod 510 is provided radially on the snap-fit ​​sleeve 51. One end of the clamping rod 510 located outside the snap-fit ​​sleeve 51 is slidably snapped into the spiral guide groove 500.

[0081] The abutment rod and the spiral guide groove 500 are slidably engaged, or a T-block and groove can be used for engagement.

[0082] The depth of the spiral guide groove 500 gradually changes, that is, it gradually becomes deeper or shallower. It should be noted that the spiral guide groove 500 gradually becomes deeper or shallower as a whole, and not, for example, a wider part of a T-groove becomes deeper or shallower.

[0083] When the adjusting sleeve 5 is rotated, under the action of the spiral guide groove 500, the clamping rod 510 will move radially relative to the locking sleeve 51 to achieve clamping or removal of the outer ring sleeve 52.

[0084] The snap-fit ​​sleeve 51 is screwed to the outside of a limiting ring 50 for abutting against the limiting adjusting sleeve 5; in order to limit the movement of the adjusting sleeve 5, a limiting ring 50 is also screwed to the outside of the snap-fit ​​sleeve 51. The limiting ring 50 can be a nut. By rotating the limiting ring 50 against the adjusting sleeve 5, the threaded sides between the adjusting sleeve 5 and the snap-fit ​​sleeve 51 abut against each other, thereby limiting the rotation of the adjusting sleeve 5.

[0085] The spiral guide groove 500 and the clamping rod 510 are provided in two sets at least circumferentially evenly spaced; the clamping rod 510 abuts against the outer ring sleeve 52.

[0086] The preferred spiral guide groove 500 and the clamping rod 510 are provided in four sets.

[0087] In some other embodiments, a synchronizing rod 15 is provided on the tool holder slide 3. The synchronizing rod 15 is slidably disposed through the upper slide 14 to ensure consistency with the tool holder 4 when the tool moves longitudinally on its own.

[0088] A spiral guide groove 500 with gradually varying depth is set inside the adjusting sleeve 5, so that the locking rod 510 can be driven to lock and unlock the airflow damping sleeve by rotating the adjusting sleeve 5, thereby adapting to airflow damping sleeves of different sizes (workpieces of different thicknesses) and improving universality.

[0089] The inner sleeve 53 can be set to a certain length to ensure vibration reduction effect.

[0090] Cooling and lubricating fluid can also be sprayed toward the workpiece 6 and the inner ring sleeve 53 to form a water film, further increasing vibration reduction performance.

[0091] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio, characterized in that, include: longitudinal slide (1); The tool holder slide (3) and the tool holder slide (2) are slidably mounted on the longitudinal slide (1) via the same adjusting screw (13). The threads of the adjusting screw (13) are opposite to those of the tool holder slide (3) and the tool holder slide (2). The tool holder (4) is set on the tool holder slide plate (2); it includes a C-shaped frame, and the upper and lower sides of the C-shaped frame are slidably provided with first abutting components, and one end of the two first abutting components that is close to each other is used to abut the workpiece (6). The two guide rails (10) located above and below the C-shaped frame gradually decrease in distance along the direction of the tool holder slide (2) and the tool holder slide (3); the two ends of the two first abutting components that are far apart from each other are respectively slidably engaged on the two guide rails (10); The first abutting component includes a first sleeve (75) and a first sliding shaft (70) that are slidably fitted together, and a first spring (76) is provided between the first sleeve (75) and the first sliding shaft (70). The first sleeve (75) is provided with a first abutting wheel (77) at the end away from the first sliding shaft (70), and the first sliding shaft (70) is provided with a first sliding block (74) at the end away from the first sleeve (75). The first sliding shaft (70) is coaxially screwed with a first adjusting rod (71). One end of the first adjusting rod (71) abuts against the first spring (76), and the outer peripheral wall of the other end is provided with an annular tooth set (72). The first sliding shaft (70) is provided with a first clearance notch (73); the guide rail (10) is provided with a strip tooth set (752); the strip tooth set (752) can mesh with the ring tooth set (72) through the first clearance notch (73).

2. The machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool holder (4) also includes a second abutment component that is slidably disposed on the C-shaped frame in the horizontal direction; A second sliding block is slidably provided on the guide rail (10) located below, and a connecting rod (8) is hinged on the second sliding block. The other end of the connecting rod (8) is hinged to the end of the second abutting component away from the workpiece (6). A limiting rod (141) is slidably provided on the cross slide plate (2) of the tool holder, and the limiting rod (141) is hinged to the second sliding block.

3. The machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tool holder slide (2) includes an upper slide (14) that slides longitudinally, and the tool holder (4) is mounted on the upper slide (14); The upper slide (14) is provided with a slot (140), and a sliding shaft (142) is provided in the slot (140) along the vertical direction. The sliding shaft (142) passes through the limiting rod (141) radially. A second spring (143) is sleeved on the sliding shaft (142), and the second spring (143) is located above the limiting rod (141).

4. The machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second abutting component includes a second sleeve (86) and a second sliding shaft (82) that are slidably fitted together, and a third spring is provided between the second sleeve (86) and the second sliding shaft (82); The second sleeve (86) has a second abutting wheel at one end away from the second sliding shaft (82), and the second sliding shaft (82) is hinged to the connecting rod (8) at one end away from the second sleeve (86).

5. The machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second sliding shaft (82) is slidably provided with a second adjusting rod (83), and a snap ring assembly (830) is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the second adjusting rod (83) away from the second sleeve (86); the second sleeve (86) is provided with a second clearance notch (820) corresponding to the snap ring assembly (830). The connecting rod (8) has an arc-shaped part (80) at one end connected to the second sliding shaft (82), and a set of teeth (81) is provided on the arc-shaped part (80). The tooth assembly (81) can engage with the snap ring assembly (830) through the second clearance notch (820).

6. The machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tooling also includes an airflow damping sleeve, which is fitted onto the outer edge of the workpiece (6); The airflow damping sleeve includes an inner ring sleeve (53), an outer ring sleeve (52), and a number of rollers (54) that are rolled between the two. The outer ring sleeve (52) is provided with an air inlet (520), and the inner ring sleeve (53) is provided with an air outlet (531). The end faces of the outer ring sleeve (52) and the inner ring sleeve (53) are sealed together.

7. The machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio according to claim 6, characterized in that, One end face of the inner ring sleeve (53) extends outward from the end face of the outer ring sleeve (52) to form an annular transmission part. The end face of the annular transmission part is provided with an end face worm gear (530). The end face worm gear (530) meshes with a worm. One end of the worm is connected to the drive assembly for transmission. The axis of the air outlet (531) is radially inclined to the workpiece (6) within the vertical section of the inner ring sleeve (53).

8. The machining fixture for thin-walled shells with a large aspect ratio according to claim 7, characterized in that, The longitudinal slide plate (1) is provided with an installation arm (11), and one end of the installation arm (11) is provided with a snap-fit ​​sleeve (51). An adjustment sleeve (5) is screwed to the outside of the snap-fit ​​sleeve (51). The inner wall of the adjustment sleeve (5) is provided with a spiral guide groove (500). The depth of the spiral guide groove (500) gradually changes. The snap-fit ​​sleeve (51) is provided with a radially sliding abutment rod (510). One end of the abutment rod (510) located outside the snap-fit ​​sleeve (51) is slidably snapped into the spiral guide groove (500). The snap-fit ​​sleeve (51) is screwed to the outside with a limiting ring (50) for abutting and limiting the adjusting sleeve (5). The spiral guide groove (500) and the clamping rod (510) are provided with at least two sets at even intervals in the circumference; the clamping rod (510) abuts against the outer ring sleeve (52).

Images