Plant physiological state monitoring method and device based on flexible wearable sensor

Abstract

This invention provides a method and device for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor, applied to a plant physiological state monitoring system, and relating to the field of agricultural technology. The system includes: a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device and a monitoring terminal; the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device is mounted on the stem of the plant; the method includes: acquiring the stem diameter of the plant based on the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device; and monitoring the plant's physiological state in real time based on the stem diameter; wherein the plant physiological state monitoring includes at least one of the following: monitoring of plant transpiration, monitoring of plant fruit cracking, monitoring of plant nutrient deficiency, monitoring of plant waterlogging stress, and monitoring of plant drought stress; by acquiring the stem diameter of the plant through a flexible sensor mounted on the plant stem, and then monitoring the plant's physiological state based on the stem diameter, the system reduces manual management costs, optimizes the crop growth environment, and promotes healthy crop growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a method and device for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor. Background Technology

[0002] Real-time acquisition of plant growth information is crucial for studying its growth mechanisms and improving crop yield. The plant growth process is specifically manifested in the diurnal contraction and expansion of the stem, changes related to water absorption and transpiration. By monitoring minute changes in plant stem diameter, we can understand the relationship between plant growth and water supply, providing guidance for studying plant growth under stress and optimizing irrigation management. Flexible wearable sensors can coexist harmlessly with plants and continuously monitor stem flow, enabling the analysis of key physiological characteristics of plant health, water consumption, and nutrient distribution under stresses such as drought, flooding, and nutrient deficiency.

[0003] Currently, there is no technology for accurately monitoring plant growth status from multiple angles by precisely measuring plant stems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and device for monitoring plant physiological status based on a flexible wearable sensor. The method uses a flexible sensor mounted on the plant stem to obtain the stem diameter, and then monitors the plant physiological status based on the stem diameter, thereby reducing manual management costs, optimizing the crop growth environment, and promoting healthy crop growth.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor, applied to a plant physiological state monitoring system. The system includes: a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device and a monitoring terminal; the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device is mounted on the stem of the plant; the method includes:

[0006] The stem diameter of a plant is obtained using a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device;

[0007] Real-time monitoring of plant physiological status is conducted based on the stem diameter of the plant; the plant physiological status monitoring includes at least one of the following: monitoring of plant transpiration, monitoring of plant fruit cracking, monitoring of plant nutrient deficiency, monitoring of plant waterlogging stress, and monitoring of plant drought stress.

[0008] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on stem diameter includes:

[0009] Obtain the volumetric water content of the soil within the planting area of ​​the plant;

[0010] Based on the change in stem diameter of the plant in the first time period and the soil volumetric water content in the planting area of ​​the plant in the first time period, a two-segment function fitting was performed to obtain the fitted curve image and calculate the inflection point.

[0011] Transpiration in plants is monitored based on fitted curve images and inflection points.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stem diameter includes: the diameter of the main stem and the diameter of the lateral branches; the step of real-time monitoring of the plant's physiological state based on the stem diameter includes:

[0013] The fruit cracking index was determined based on the ratio of the change in the diameter of the main stem to the change in the diameter of the lateral branches during the second time period.

[0014] Fruit cracking is monitored in plants based on the fruit cracking index.

[0015] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on stem diameter includes:

[0016] The first average diameter is determined based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the current natural day;

[0017] The average second diameter was determined based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the first day of the nutrient deficiency monitoring cycle;

[0018] The average change in stem diameter of the plant was determined based on the average first diameter, the average second diameter, and the current number of monitoring days.

[0019] Determine whether a plant is deficient in nutrients based on the average change in the stem diameter and the preset target value.

[0020] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on stem diameter includes:

[0021] The change in stem diameter of multiple consecutive plants is determined based on the stem diameter of the plant.

[0022] Linear fitting was performed on the changes in stem diameter of multiple plants to obtain the fitting curve image of flooding stress.

[0023] The water stress of plants was monitored based on the fitted curve image of water stress.

[0024] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on stem diameter includes:

[0025] The change in stem diameter of multiple consecutive plants is determined based on the stem diameter of the plant.

[0026] A linear fit was performed on the changes in stem diameter of multiple plants to obtain the drought stress fitting curve image.

[0027] Drought stress is monitored in plants based on drought stress fitting curve images.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the system further includes: a data receiver and a cloud server;

[0029] The stem diameter detection device acquires the stem diameter of the plant and sends the stem diameter of the plant to the data receiver;

[0030] The data receiver uploads the stem diameter of the plant to the cloud server;

[0031] The monitoring terminal obtains the target stem diameter of the target plant from the cloud server; the target plant is the plant to be detected.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stem diameter detection device includes: a wearable sensor, a ohmmeter, a first fixator, and a second fixator; the wearable sensor includes: a flexible material and a data cable;

[0033] Flexible material is wrapped around the stem of the plant to be monitored;

[0034] The two ends of the flexible material are connected to a ohmmeter via data cables;

[0035] Both the first and second fixing devices are connected to the flexible material. The first and second fixing devices are attracted to each other by built-in magnets so that the flexible material is wrapped around and fixed to the stem of the plant.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the flexible material includes: an elastic conductive inner core and an elastic insulating outer jacket; the elastic insulating outer jacket is fitted over the elastic conductive inner core;

[0037] The elastic conductive core is made of silk-based conductive carbon fabric.

[0038] The elastic insulating jacket is a polydimethylsiloxane elastic insulating jacket or an aliphatic-aromatic random copolyester elastic insulating jacket.

[0039] Secondly, the present invention provides a plant physiological state monitoring device based on a flexible wearable sensor, applied to a plant physiological state monitoring system. The system includes: a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device and a monitoring terminal; the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device is disposed on the stem of the plant; the device includes:

[0040] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the stem diameter of plants based on a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device;

[0041] A plant physiological state monitoring module is used for real-time monitoring of plant physiological state based on stem diameter. The plant physiological state monitoring includes at least one of the following: monitoring of plant transpiration, monitoring of fruit cracking, monitoring of nutrient deficiency, monitoring of waterlogging stress, and monitoring of drought stress. This invention brings the following beneficial effects:

[0042] This invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor, applied to a plant physiological state monitoring system. The system includes: a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device and a monitoring terminal; the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device is mounted on the stem of the plant; the method includes: acquiring the stem diameter of the plant based on the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device; and monitoring the plant's physiological state in real time based on the stem diameter; wherein, the plant physiological state monitoring includes at least one of the following: monitoring of plant transpiration, monitoring of plant fruit cracking, monitoring of plant nutrient deficiency, monitoring of plant waterlogging stress, and monitoring of plant drought stress; by acquiring the stem diameter of the plant through a flexible sensor mounted on the plant stem, and then monitoring the plant's physiological state based on the stem diameter, the system reduces manual management costs, optimizes the crop growth environment, and promotes healthy crop growth. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 A flowchart of a plant physiological state monitoring method based on a flexible wearable sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for monitoring transpiration, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a transpiration monitoring fitting curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for monitoring fruit cracking, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a fruit cracking monitoring image provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for nutrient deficiency monitoring, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of nutrient deficiency monitoring provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for flood monitoring, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of flood monitoring provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for drought monitoring, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of drought monitoring results provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plant physiological state monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stem diameter detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a plant physiological state monitoring device based on a flexible wearable sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Icons: 1-Steel diameter detection device; 11-Hydrometer; 12-Wearable sensor; 13-Fixer; 14-Data cable; 2-Data receiver; 3-Cloud server; 4-Monitoring terminal; 100-Charging interface; 110-Indicator light; 120-Reset button; 130-Flexible material; 140-First fixer; 150-Second fixer; 170 - Male banana head; 180 - Female banana head; 210 - First plant; 220 - Flower pot; 270 - Transpiration device; 320 - Bamboo skewer; 330 - Main stem of plant; 370 - Lateral branch of plant; 410 - Hydroponic box; 420 - Culture hole; 430 - Second plant; 510 - Third plant; 520 - Cultivation trough; 570 - Irrigation pipe; 580 - 1-outlet 4-drainage device; 590 - Elbowed drip arrow; 610 - Fourth plant; 620 - Planting pot; 660 - Fixed bamboo skewer; 680 - Water bucket; 710 - Data acquisition module; 720 - Plant physiological status monitoring module; 800 - Memory; 801 - Processor; 802 - Bus; 803 - Communication interface. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0061] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0062] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0063] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0064] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0065] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0066] Real-time acquisition of plant growth information is crucial for studying its growth mechanisms and improving crop yield. Research shows that plant growth is specifically characterized by the diurnal contraction and expansion of the stem, changes related to water absorption and transpiration. By monitoring minute changes in plant stem diameter, the relationship between plant growth and water supply can be understood, providing guidance for studying plant growth under stress and optimizing irrigation management. Flexible wearable sensors can coexist harmlessly with plants and continuously monitor stem flow, enabling the analysis of key physiological characteristics of plant health, water consumption, and nutrient distribution under stresses such as drought, flooding, and nutrient deficiency. By acquiring stem diameter through flexible sensors mounted on plant stems, and monitoring plant physiological status based on stem diameter, scientific decision support can be provided to farmers. This helps them develop reasonable irrigation and fertilization plans based on real-time data analysis, thereby reducing manual management costs, optimizing the crop growth environment, and promoting healthy growth. This is of great significance in addressing the challenges posed by global water scarcity and climate change.

[0067] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] This invention provides a method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor 12, which is applied to a plant physiological state monitoring system. The system includes a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device 1 and a monitoring terminal 4. The flexible wearable stem diameter detection device 1 is installed on the stem of the plant.

[0070] See Figure 1 The flowchart shown in this embodiment of the invention provides a method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor. The method includes:

[0071] Step S102: Obtain the stem diameter of the plant based on the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device 1.

[0072] Specifically, the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device 1 is wrapped around the stem of the plant, generates an electrical signal based on the change in the stem diameter and stores it, and the monitoring terminal 4 acquires the electrical signal and analyzes it.

[0073] Step S104: Real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on stem diameter; wherein, plant physiological status monitoring includes at least one of the following: monitoring of plant transpiration, monitoring of plant fruit cracking, monitoring of plant nutrient deficiency, monitoring of plant waterlogging stress, and monitoring of plant drought stress.

[0074] Specifically, for different detection purposes, different data analyses can be performed based on the stem diameter to achieve plant physiological state monitoring. The monitoring items include at least one of the following: monitoring of plant transpiration, monitoring of plant fruit cracking, monitoring of plant nutrient deficiency, monitoring of plant waterlogging stress, and monitoring of plant drought stress.

[0075] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of monitoring the real-time physiological state of plants based on the stem diameter of the plant includes: obtaining the soil volumetric water content in the planting area of ​​the plant; performing a two-stage function fitting based on the change in stem diameter of the plant in a first time period and the soil volumetric water content in the planting area of ​​the plant in the first time period to obtain a fitted curve image and calculate the inflection point; and monitoring the transpiration of the plant based on the fitted curve image and the inflection point.

[0076] For details, see Figure 2The illustrated embodiment of the present invention provides an installation diagram of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for transpiration monitoring. A first plant 210 is planted in a flowerpot 220. A wearable sensor 12 is attached to the plant stem, and its length is adjusted to a suitable position using a fixator 13. A resistance meter 11 is connected via a data cable 14. The entire flowerpot 220 is placed on a transpiration device 270 to obtain the tomato plant's transpiration rate normalized relative to the saturated vapor pressure difference.

[0077] During a gradual drought process, changes in plant stomata are highly sensitive and can therefore serve as a key trait for screening drought-resistant varieties. In this embodiment, a transpiration device 270 combined with a stem diameter monitoring device was used to monitor the same tomato plant. The measurement principles of these two different monitoring devices are to measure transpiration levels through changes in system weight and stem diameter, respectively. The stem diameter change measured by the stem diameter monitoring device in the first time period, the tomato plant transpiration amount normalized relative to saturated vapor pressure difference obtained by the transpiration device 270, and the response curve to relative soil volumetric water content were fitted using a two-segment function, and the fitted curve image was plotted. The soil volumetric water content threshold at the significant inflection point of this curve is the inflection point. In some preferred embodiments of this invention, the first time period is midday (12:00-14:00). The inflection point and the slope value of the declining phase quantitatively define the stomatal response to water deficit. Experiments show that the soil volumetric water content thresholds (inflection points) detected by the two systems are very similar, demonstrating the reliability of the stem diameter monitoring device in detecting plant transpiration levels. See also Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of a transpiration monitoring fitting curve provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 (a) in the figure represents the threshold (inflection point) of relative soil volumetric water content detected by the evapotranspiration device 270. Figure 3 (b) in the figure represents the relative soil volumetric water content threshold (inflection point) measured using the stem diameter detection device of this embodiment.

[0078] When the inflection point is reached, both the tomato plant's transpiration rate and the midday change in stem diameter decrease at a similar rate with the inflection point (θ). cri The decrease is linear as θ decreases. When 0.34 > the inflection point (θ) cri When θ > 0.26, the transpiration rate of this variety is weaker, indicating better drought resistance. When 0.15 < the inflection point (θ), the transpiration rate is lower. criWhen the transpiration rate is less than 0.26, the species exhibits strong transpiration and poor drought resistance. At this point, the user is advised to: for drought-resistant crop varieties, reduce irrigation to prevent root rot due to excessive water; for non-drought-resistant varieties, increase irrigation volume and frequency. Therefore, the flexible wearable sensor 12 of this embodiment provides a method for detecting threshold and slope values, enabling the differentiation between drought-sensitive and non-sensitive germplasm based on accurately quantified threshold and slope values. Its accuracy is very close to that of the transpiration device 270, demonstrating the potential to screen drought-resistant varieties from a large pool of germplasm resources. The flexible wearable sensor 12 of this embodiment directly monitors physical changes in plant stems, providing a more direct reflection of plant water status and transpiration. It eliminates the need for soil manipulation, simplifying operation and offering advantages such as low cost, easy installation, and no limitation on scene area. It is also easier to integrate with irrigation systems and other agricultural technologies, enabling large-scale trials and intelligent water resource management.

[0079] A stem diameter detection device combining a wearable sensor 12 and a resistance meter 11 can obtain the daily maximum stem diameter (MXSD), minimum stem diameter (MNSD), and daily maximum shrinkage (MDS) of plant stems. Through data analysis, the plant's nutritional status and transpiration rate can be directly determined, enabling targeted and precise watering and fertilization. This method is simple, convenient, fast, reliable, low-cost, and non-destructive to crops, and holds promise as a precise, efficient, and continuously automated monitoring method.

[0080] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stem diameter includes: the main stem diameter and the lateral branch diameter; the step of monitoring the real-time physiological state of the plant based on the stem diameter includes: determining the fruit cracking index based on the ratio of the change in the main stem diameter to the change in the lateral branch diameter during a second time period; and monitoring fruit cracking based on the fruit cracking index.

[0081] For details, see Figure 4 The illustrated embodiment of the present invention provides an installation diagram of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for monitoring fruit cracking. Two resistance meters 11 are fixed to bamboo skewers 320. A wearable sensor 12 is attached to the main stem 330 of the plant. The fixing device 13 is adjusted to a suitable position to prevent the wearable sensor 12 from sliding and interfering with the data. A data cable 14 connects the wearable sensor 12 and the resistance meters 11. Similarly, a wearable sensor 12 is attached to a side branch 370 of the plant. The fixing device 13 is adjusted to a suitable position to prevent the wearable sensor 12 from sliding and interfering with the data. A data cable 14 connects the wearable sensor 12 and the resistance meters 11.

[0082] Fruit cracking not only affects appearance and market value but can also cause a series of economic and agricultural harms. Many factors contribute to fruit cracking, including water management, climate change, and the physiological state of fruit development. As a phenotypic characteristic, traditional methods of manually observing fruit cracking are labor-intensive and inefficient, and the lack of automated, high-throughput phenotypic analysis tools hinders research progress. In this embodiment, two sensors are wrapped around the stem of each plant of crack-resistant and crack-prone tomato varieties: one attached to the main stem and the other near a lateral branch. Since the increase and decrease in stem diameter are sensitive indicators of water inflow and outflow in plant organs, changes in stem diameter can be used to infer the dynamic water distribution between the main stem and lateral branches during the fruit ripening stage. The changes in stem diameter of the main stem and lateral branches for both varieties during a second time period are calculated. In some preferred embodiments of this invention, the second time period is from 8:00 to 17:00 daily.

[0083] See Figure 5 The image shown is a schematic diagram of a fruit cracking monitoring image provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 (a) in the diagram is a schematic diagram of the saturated vapor pressure difference from 00:00 on November 13, 2023 to 24:00 on November 14, 2023. Figure 5 Figure (b) shows the change in stem diameter of the crack-resistant tomato variety (SL189) from 00:00 on November 13, 2023 to 24:00 on November 14, 2023. Figure 5 Figure (c) shows the stem diameter change of the easily cracked tomato variety (SL183) from 00:00 on November 13, 2023 to 24:00 on November 14, 2023, used to record and analyze the actual stem diameter shrinkage. The data shows that during the daytime (8:00-17:00), the stem diameter change pattern between the main stem and lateral branches (fruiting branches) of SL189 remained consistent, showing expansion regardless of whether it was sunny or cloudy. In contrast, SL183 showed the opposite trend, with a significant expansion in the diameter of stems (fruiting branches) near lateral branches during the day, while the main stem contracted, and this difference was more pronounced under high vapor pressure differential conditions. Since the increase and decrease in stem diameter are sensitive indicators of water inflow and outflow in plant organs, it is speculated that the easily cracked tomato variety "drained" more stored water from the main stem into its fruit, leading to fruit cracking.

[0084] When the ratio of the change in main stem diameter to the cumulative change in stem diameter of lateral branches (i.e., the fruit cracking index based on stem diameter change) is >1.05, it indicates that the changes in stem diameter of the main stem and lateral branches of this variety are basically consistent. When the fruit cracking index is <1.05, the variety absorbs more water into the lateral branches, making the fruit prone to cracking. The data analysis software issues an early warning to the user, reminding them to reduce the amount and frequency of watering for this variety. It can also be used as a basis for screening whether the fruit is crack-resistant. This method allows for non-destructive, high-throughput monitoring, greatly meeting the needs of agricultural experiments.

[0085] By using a stem diameter detection device, wearable sensors 12 are attached to the main stem 330 and lateral branches of the plant to obtain the daily changes in stem diameter of these two stems, thereby analyzing the plant's water transport patterns and the impact of uneven water transport on fruit cracking.

[0086] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of monitoring the real-time physiological state of plants based on the stem diameter includes: determining a first average diameter based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the current natural day; determining a second average diameter based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the first day of the nutrient deficiency monitoring cycle; determining the average change in the stem diameter of the plants based on the first average diameter, the second average diameter, and the current number of monitoring days; and determining whether the plants are deficient in nutrients based on the average change in the stem diameter of the plants and a preset target value.

[0087] For details, see Figure 6 The diagram shown illustrates the installation of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for nutrient deficiency monitoring, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Nutrient deficiency treatment solution is added to the hydroponic box 410 according to experimental requirements. A second plant 430 is planted in the culture well 420. The resistance meter 11 is turned on and placed on the lid of the hydroponic box 410. The wearable sensor 12 is attached to the main stem of the second plant 430. The fixing device 13 is moved to a suitable position and fixed to prevent the sensor from sliding. The sensor and the resistance meter 11 are connected using a data cable 14.

[0088] Nutrient deficiency has multiple effects on plant stem diameter, including inhibiting growth, altering stem thickness and structure, affecting stem water balance, and influencing diurnal rhythm changes. Tomato plants were treated with phosphorus deficiency for two weeks. Stem diameter changes were monitored using a stem diameter detection device, and data was analyzed using software. The average stem diameter on the last day was subtracted from the average stem diameter on the initial recording day, and then divided by the number of days. The resulting average stem diameter increase (analyzed daily for three consecutive days, including the current day and the two days prior, starting from the third day of using the detection device) reflected the stem diameter growth trend. If the average stem diameter change (subtracted from the average stem diameter increase of the phosphorus-deficient group from the control group) was less than 0.215 cm, it indicated phosphorus deficiency stress in the tomatoes, and the software would alert the user to supplement with phosphate fertilizer. The tomato plants were treated with potassium deficiency using the same monitoring method. Through the same data analysis, when the average increase in stem diameter of the control group was less than 0.316 cm compared to the average increase in stem diameter of the potassium-deficient group, it indicated that the tomatoes were under potassium deficiency stress. The software would then remind the user to supplement with potassium fertilizer.

[0089] See Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a nutrient deficiency monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 (a) in the figure shows the overall stem diameter change of tomatoes two weeks after phosphorus deficiency treatment. Figure 7 Figure (b) shows the overall stem diameter change of tomatoes two weeks after potassium deficiency treatment. This method focuses more on disease identification, and environmental conditions (such as light and weather) can easily affect the accuracy of image acquisition and spectral analysis. In contrast, the stem diameter detection device may focus more on monitoring the impact of nutrient deficiencies on plant water, allowing for quantification and becoming a powerful tool for deeply exploring the physiological mechanisms of nutrient deficiency and the profound connection between plant water. Furthermore, in agricultural applications, data from the stem diameter detection device in this embodiment can be used to promptly supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0090] Nutrient deficiency treatments can affect plant physiological and biochemical processes and stress resistance. These changes can influence stem diameter by affecting water status and response to environmental stress. Therefore, monitoring changes in plant stem diameter can serve as an important indicator for assessing nutrient deficiency and water status. By using a stem diameter detection device, the daily maximum stem diameter (MXSD), minimum stem diameter (MNSD), and daily maximum shrinkage (MDS) can be calculated based on real-time feedback data, providing a preliminary indication of changes under nutrient deficiency treatments.

[0091] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of monitoring the real-time physiological state of plants based on the stem diameter includes: determining the change in stem diameter of multiple consecutive plants based on the stem diameter; performing linear fitting based on the change in stem diameter of multiple plants to obtain a waterlogging stress fitting curve image; and monitoring the plants for waterlogging stress based on the waterlogging stress fitting curve image.

[0092] For details, see Figure 8 The illustrated embodiment of the present invention provides an installation diagram of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for flood monitoring. A fourth plant 610 is planted in a planting pot 620. The wearable sensor 12 is attached to the plant stem. The movable fixing device 13 is moved to a suitable position to prevent the wearable sensor 12 from sliding. A data cable 14 connects to a resistance meter 11. A fixing bamboo stick 660 is inserted into the soil, and the resistance meter 11 is secured to the fixing bamboo stick 660 with a cable tie. The planting pot 620 is placed in a bucket of water 680, and water is added until it covers the soil in the pot 220.

[0093] Under flood stress, the stem diameter of plants may shrink due to water stress. However, plants with strong flood tolerance may quickly recover their stem diameter at night or after water conditions improve, demonstrating a strong recovery ability. Therefore, by monitoring the dynamic changes in the stem diameter of plants under flood treatment in real time, it is possible to screen for more flood-tolerant varieties, thereby increasing crop yields. It can also provide early warning of overwatering during the planting process. In this example, green beans were flooded, and the changes in stem diameter in the flooded group and the control group were monitored simultaneously.

[0094] See Figure 9 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of flood monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present invention. It illustrates the actual number of irrigation days over a month under drought conditions, guided by a soil moisture sensor and a stem diameter detection device. Data is acquired in data analysis software, and the stem diameter changes for three consecutive days (including the current day and the two days prior) are linearly fitted. When the slope is less than 0, it indicates that the bean plant is under flood stress. The data analysis software alerts the user to reduce the amount and frequency of irrigation. By detecting changes in stem diameter, flood-tolerant varieties can be screened more accurately than by visual observation. Furthermore, flood stress can be detected in advance through data analysis before the crop exhibits flood stress phenotypes, allowing for timely intervention and reducing crop yield losses caused by flooding. The stem diameter detection device in this embodiment can directly measure the physical dimensions of the plant stem. This direct physical measurement provides real-time information on the plant's moisture status, offering highly sensitive monitoring. The device is also simpler to use, requiring no complex image processing analysis. While multispectral remote sensing technology may require higher equipment and operating costs, the stem diameter detection device may be more cost-effective.

[0095] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of monitoring the real-time physiological state of plants based on the stem diameter includes: determining the change in stem diameter of multiple consecutive plants based on the stem diameter; performing linear fitting based on the change in stem diameter of multiple plants to obtain a drought stress fitting curve image; and monitoring the plants for drought stress based on the drought stress fitting curve image.

[0096] For details, see Figure 10 The illustrated embodiment of the present invention provides an installation diagram of a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device for drought monitoring. A third plant 510 is planted equidistantly in a cultivation trough 520. After powering on, a resistance meter 11 is fixed to the stem of the third plant 510. A wearable sensor 12 is attached to the plant stem. A retainer 13 is moved to a suitable position and then shut off to prevent slippage. A data cable 14 connects the wearable sensor 12 and the resistance meter 11. Water flows through an irrigation pipe 570, exits through a 1-out-4-outlet splitter 580, flows into a bend-type drip arrow 590, and finally into the soil. Drought treatment is achieved by controlling the water flow in the irrigation pipe 570.

[0097] See Figure 11 The diagram shown is a result of drought monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The stem diameter of both the flooded group and the control group initially maintained a steady increase. After one week of flooding treatment, the stem diameter curve showed an inflection point, while the stem diameter of the control group continued to increase.

[0098] Tomato plants were planted in cultivation troughs 520 filled with nutrient-rich soil substrate. Irrigation was controlled by an integrated irrigation system. Each group of cultivation troughs 520 shared an irrigation belt connected to a tap, which released fertilizer solution into the soil. A solenoid valve within the tap controlled the irrigation time and volume, and the system was remotely operated via a key station that automatically programmed the irrigation plan based on feedback from a stem diameter detection device. In the data analysis software, the plants of the target experimental group were selected, and a specific date range was chosen to export the stem diameter change sampling values ​​transmitted back by the stem diameter detection device. The initial stem diameter data was uniformly zeroed out. Starting from the third day of the downloaded data, the stem diameter change value was obtained by subtracting the first day's data from the third day's data and smoothing it. Linear fitting was performed on the stem diameter change values ​​for three consecutive days (including the current day and the two days prior) to obtain a linear regression equation with time as the independent variable and stem diameter change as the dependent variable. If the slope of this linear regression equation was less than 0, the tomato plants were under drought stress, and the data analysis website issued a warning to the user, reminding them to increase the amount and frequency of watering. Users can send irrigation commands to the control cabinet of the feedback irrigation device, automatically opening the solenoid valve connected to the irrigation device and starting the feedback irrigation system. The plant stem diameter detection sensor can directly monitor micro-changes in plant stems, reflecting the plant's own water requirements, greatly saving irrigation water and providing a scientific basis for precision irrigation. Furthermore, this embodiment can continuously acquire plant-related data, significantly improving the feasibility and accuracy of research on the relationship between plants and the environment. Earlier detection of plant water shortage signals effectively reduces crop yield reductions caused by drought, providing important support for precision agriculture and water resource management.

[0099] The periodic fluctuations in plant stem diameter are closely related to the plant's water status. Changes in stem diameter (expansion or contraction) can be used to diagnose the plant's water status. Monitoring plant water status, guiding irrigation regimes, and understanding plant adaptability to environmental stresses are of significant practical importance during drought and flooding treatments. By monitoring changes in stem diameter, we can observe how plants respond to drought or flooding, allowing for more effective management of the plant's growth environment and improving its stress resistance and productivity.

[0100] This invention provides a method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor 12, applied to a plant physiological state monitoring system. The system includes: a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device 1 and a monitoring terminal 4; the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device 1 is mounted on the stem of the plant; the method includes: acquiring the stem diameter of the plant based on the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device 1; and monitoring the plant's physiological state in real time based on the stem diameter; wherein, the plant physiological state monitoring includes at least one of the following: monitoring of plant transpiration, monitoring of plant fruit cracking, monitoring of plant nutrient deficiency, monitoring of plant waterlogging stress, and monitoring of plant drought stress; by acquiring the stem diameter of the plant through a flexible sensor mounted on the plant stem, and then monitoring the plant's physiological state based on the stem diameter, the method reduces manual management costs, optimizes the crop growth environment, and promotes healthy crop growth.

[0101] Example 2

[0102] Based on the above embodiments, this invention focuses on describing the structure of a plant physiological state monitoring system. In some preferred embodiments of this invention, the system further includes: a data receiver and a cloud server 3; a stem diameter detection device 1 acquires the stem diameter of the plant and sends the stem diameter to the data receiver 2; the data receiver uploads the stem diameter of the plant to the cloud server 3; and a monitoring terminal 4 acquires the target stem diameter of the target plant from the cloud server 3; wherein, the target plant is the plant to be detected.

[0103] See Figure 12 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a plant physiological state monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes: a stem diameter detection device 1, a data receiver 2, a cloud server 3, and a monitoring terminal 4.

[0104] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stem diameter detection device 1 includes: a wearable sensor 12, a resistor 11, a first fixator 140, and a second fixator 150; the wearable sensor 12 includes: a flexible material 130 and a data cable 14; the flexible material 130 is wrapped around the stem of the plant to be monitored; both ends of the flexible material 130 are connected to the resistor 11 through the data cable 14; the first fixator 140 and the second fixator 150 are both connected to the flexible material 130, and the first fixator 140 and the second fixator 150 are attracted to each other by built-in magnets so that the flexible material 130 is wrapped and fixed around the stem of the plant.

[0105] For details, see Figure 13The schematic diagram shown in this embodiment of the invention provides a stem diameter detection device 1. The flexible material 130 forms the middle part of the flexible wearable sensor 12, which is wrapped around the stem of the plant to be tested. The two ends of the flexible material 130 are data lines 14, and the ends of the data lines 14 are connected to the ohmmeter 11 through a banana plug (a common type of quick-connect plug for electrical wires).

[0106] Furthermore, the ohmmeter 11 includes a wireless template, a power module, a detection module, and a housing for the ohmmeter 11.

[0107] The wireless module, located at the center of the circuit board, wirelessly transmits received data to the data receiver 2. The power module includes a Type-C interface. This interface handles downloading and serial debugging functions for the ohmmeter 11 and provides, for example, +5V. This module allows the ohmmeter 11 to operate on a battery when mobile. The detection module detects the received signals. The ohmmeter 11 housing is a protective casing for the internal resistance measurement circuitry. It includes connection ports for connecting the measuring cap and power supply, an indicator light 110, and a reset button 120. The indicator light 110 indicates various states of the ohmmeter 11, while the reset button 120 functions as a reset, power-on, and power-off switch for the ohmmeter 11. The housing is designed for portability and durability to adapt to different usage environments.

[0108] Furthermore, the flexible material 130 has a circuit connection resistor 11 for the male banana head 170 and female banana head 180 of the data cable 14 at both ends.

[0109] Specifically, the resistor 11 and the data cable 14 are connected to the two ends of the resistor 11 through a banana plug circuit, which can be stably connected and easily plugged and unplugged, and the connection is waterproofed.

[0110] Data cable 14 acquires the sampled value (AD value) of the flexible wearable strain sensor through resistor 11. The wireless module of resistor 11 transmits data to data receiver 2 via Bluetooth. Data receiver 2 sends the data to cloud server 3 via, for example, a 4G network base station. The user accesses cloud server 3 through monitoring terminal 4 to obtain data and can further obtain dynamic data of plant stem growth through human-computer interaction.

[0111] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first fixture 140 and the second fixture 150 are plastic shell structures with a built-in magnet that can attract each other to fix the flexible electrode, making it a ring around the stem of the plant. The weight of the magnet should not exceed 5g to avoid excessive load on the plant growth. The attraction of the two fixtures 13 by the magnets not only has better repeatability, but also keeps the fixed position of the flexible electrode unchanged each time, generating more stable data during stretching.

[0112] Specifically, the flexible material 130 can be fixed by the first fixture 140 and the second fixture 150.

[0113] Furthermore, the stem diameter detection device 1 also includes: a charging interface 100, an indicator light 110, and a reset button 120; it can be charged by connecting a Type-C data cable to the charging interface 100 of the ohmmeter 11. When the Type-C interface is plugged in, the indicator light 110 emits a red light, and the indicator light 110 turns off when fully charged. Pressing a sharp object against the reset button 120 of the ohmmeter 11 until the indicator light 110 emits a red light indicates that the device is powered on.

[0114] Data receiver 2 is a data gateway. The ohmmeter 11 is connected to the data receiver 2 to send the sampled value measured by the stem diameter detection device 1 to the data receiver 2. The data receiver 2 is connected to the network to send the sampled value to the network. The network signal is connected to the monitoring terminal 4 to send the sampled value to the cloud server 3.

[0115] The cloud server 3 scans data packets within its coverage area using a built-in wireless transmission device (2.4G radio frequency) antenna to obtain data packets from the resistance meter 11, and then parses and stores them. The data receiver 2 can integrate data packets within a certain period of time according to a preset reporting interval and report them to the network wirelessly, such as via 4G or via wired, through the UDP (Open Systems Interconnection) network protocol.

[0116] The monitoring terminal 4 can be any suitable monitoring terminal 4. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring terminal 4 is a computer terminal.

[0117] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the flexible material 130 includes: an elastic conductive inner core and an elastic insulating outer jacket; the elastic insulating outer jacket is fitted over the elastic conductive inner core; the elastic conductive inner core is a silk-based conductive carbon fabric inner core; the elastic insulating outer jacket is a polydimethylsiloxane elastic insulating outer jacket or an aliphatic-aromatic random copolyester elastic insulating outer jacket.

[0118] Specifically, the elastic conductive core is a silk-based conductive carbon fabric core. The manufacturing process involves twisting silk georgette fibers to create warp yarns, then forming parallel silk georgette fibers into weft yarns, and finally arranging the warp and weft yarns into a silk fabric. Each silk georgette fiber is composed of millions of fibroin molecules, and the β-sheet crystals in the fibroin protein can be aromatized or cyclized into sp... 2The hybrid carbon structure allows silk fibroin to be carbonized at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere (a continuous gas flow of argon at a flow rate of 150-200 standard cubic centimeters per minute and hydrogen at a flow rate of 16-20 standard cubic centimeters per minute). This process transforms the fibroin into highly conductive graphene nanofibers. The carbonized silk fabric is then encapsulated in Ecoflex (a biodegradable plastic composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBAT)) elastic silicone. The elastic insulating jacket is either a polydimethylsiloxane elastic insulating jacket or an aliphatic-aromatic random copolyester elastic insulating jacket. After preparation, the elastic conductive core is placed on a PDMS film and sprayed with an alcoholic solution of APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), allowing it to stand for 3 minutes to allow the alcohol to completely evaporate. The thickness of the PDMS film is 1.2-1.75 mm; limiting the thickness of the PDMS film better ensures the consistency of signal changes and the stability and tensile strength of the overall flexible material 130. The purpose of spraying the alcohol solution of APTES is to introduce hydrogen bonds between the amino groups of APTES and the oxygen-containing functional groups (such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) on the surface of the silk-based conductive carbon fabric, thereby achieving the adsorption of APTES on the surface of the silk-based conductive carbon fabric. At the same time, APTES can alkylate the PDMS surface, with the ultimate goal of achieving a tight bond between the two, improving the bonding between the elastic conductive core and the elastic insulating jacket, and making their stretching more consistent (i.e., avoiding delamination). The subsequent preparation has two forms. One involves adding a certain amount (1-2 mL) of PDMS liquid curing agent to a fixed mold and baking it at 50 degrees Celsius for 1.5 hours to allow it to fully cure. Its advantage is improved consistency, i.e., a tighter bond between the two. The disadvantage is that the thickness processing is prone to inconsistency. It can have a long service life, but reduces the repeatability of production results. Another method involves adding a 1.2-1.75mm layer of solid PDMS, spraying it with an alcohol solution of APTES, and then fixing it with clips to bond the two through chemical bonds. The advantage of this method is consistent thickness, but the disadvantage is that the bond is not tight enough, reducing the service life, but improving the repeatability of production results. The resulting flexible material 130 has a length of 6-12cm, which users can choose according to their actual needs.

[0119] This invention utilizes a stem diameter detection device combining a wearable sensor 12 and a resistance meter 11 to monitor plant water status in real time. The stem diameter detection device can monitor the expansion and contraction of the plant stem in real time, thereby assessing the plant's water status and inferring its physiological growth state. This device assesses plant water status by measuring micro-displacement changes in the plant stem, providing more direct information on plant physiological responses.

[0120] The stem diameter detection devices provided in this invention are low-cost and easy to install, making them easier to deploy in fields or greenhouses. This low cost and ease of installation give them a significant advantage in large-scale applications.

[0121] The device provided in this invention has low power consumption, simple structure, and is easy to carry. When used in the field, it can be powered by a battery for long-term operation.

[0122] The method provided in this invention can be used for different plants and can also be used to detect changes in stem diameter of plants under different environments.

[0123] Compared to elastic clips, the first and second retainers 150 on the wearable sensor 12 provided in this embodiment of the invention can better secure the flexible material 130, making it unaffected by external environmental factors such as wind and rain, reducing interference with changes in the diameter of the sensor's detection stem, and making its measurement values ​​more accurate. Furthermore, the retainers 13 are not prone to rust and can be reused multiple times.

[0124] The transpiration monitoring method provided in this invention uses a stem diameter detection device to directly monitor the physical changes of plant stems. This can more directly reflect the water status and transpiration of plants, without the need to manipulate the soil, making it simpler to operate. It also has advantages such as low cost, easy installation, and no limitation on the area of ​​the scene. It is also easier to integrate with other agricultural technologies such as irrigation systems to achieve large-scale trials and intelligent water resource management.

[0125] The fruit cracking monitoring method provided in this invention is less affected by internal plant factors. Compared with the conductivity probe in the prior art that is inserted into the plant, this device is non-destructive and can perform non-destructive high-throughput monitoring, which greatly meets the needs of agricultural experiments.

[0126] The nutrient deficiency monitoring method provided in this invention focuses more on disease identification. Environmental conditions (such as light and weather) can easily affect the accuracy of image acquisition and spectral analysis. In contrast, the stem diameter detection device may focus more on monitoring the impact of nutrient deficiencies on plant water content, allowing for quantification and becoming a powerful tool for deeply exploring the physiological mechanisms of nutrient deficiencies and their profound connection to plant water. Furthermore, in agricultural applications, data from the stem diameter detection device in this embodiment can be used to promptly supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0127] The flood monitoring method provided in this invention utilizes a stem diameter detection device to directly measure the physical dimensions of plant stems. This direct physical measurement provides real-time information on the plant's water status, offering highly sensitive monitoring. Furthermore, the device is simpler to use and does not require complex image processing and analysis. While multispectral remote sensing technology may require higher equipment and operating costs, the stem diameter detection device is likely more economical.

[0128] The drought monitoring method provided in this invention utilizes a plant stem diameter detection sensor to directly monitor micro-changes in plant stems, reflecting the plant's own water requirements and significantly saving irrigation water, thus providing a scientific basis for precision irrigation. Furthermore, the detection method provided in this embodiment can continuously acquire plant-related data, greatly improving the feasibility and accuracy of research on the relationship between plants and the environment. Earlier detection of plant water shortage signals effectively reduces crop yield reductions caused by drought, providing important support for precision agriculture and water resource management.

[0129] Example 3

[0130] Based on the above embodiments, this invention provides a plant physiological state monitoring device based on a flexible wearable sensor 12, which is applied to a plant physiological state monitoring system. See also... Figure 14 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a plant physiological state monitoring device based on a flexible wearable sensor, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device includes:

[0131] The data acquisition module 710 is used to acquire the stem diameter of the plant based on the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device 1;

[0132] The plant physiological state monitoring module 720 is used to monitor the real-time physiological state of plants based on the stem diameter of the plant; wherein, the plant physiological state monitoring includes at least one of the following: monitoring of plant transpiration, monitoring of plant fruit cracking, monitoring of plant nutrient deficiency, monitoring of plant waterlogging stress, and monitoring of plant drought stress.

[0133] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the plant physiological state monitoring module 720 is used to obtain the soil volumetric water content within the planting area of ​​the plant; perform a two-stage function fitting based on the change in stem diameter of the plant in the first time period and the soil volumetric water content within the planting area of ​​the plant in the first time period to obtain a fitted curve image and calculate the inflection point; and monitor the transpiration of the plant based on the fitted curve image and the inflection point.

[0134] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stem diameter includes: the diameter of the main stem and the diameter of the lateral branches; the plant physiological state monitoring module 720 is used to determine the fruit cracking index based on the ratio of the change in the diameter of the main stem to the change in the diameter of the lateral branches during the second time period; and to monitor fruit cracking of the plant based on the fruit cracking index.

[0135] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the plant physiological state monitoring module 720 is used to determine a first average diameter based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the current natural day; determine a second average diameter based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the first day of the nutrient deficiency monitoring cycle; determine the average change in the stem diameter of the plant based on the first average diameter, the second average diameter, and the current number of monitoring days; and determine whether the plant is deficient in nutrients based on the average change in the stem diameter of the plant and a preset target value.

[0136] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the plant physiological state monitoring module 720 is used to determine the change in stem diameter of multiple consecutive plants based on the stem diameter of the plant; to perform linear fitting based on the change in stem diameter of multiple plants to obtain a waterlogging stress fitting curve image; and to monitor the waterlogging stress of the plants based on the waterlogging stress fitting curve image.

[0137] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the plant physiological state monitoring module 720 is used to determine the change in stem diameter of multiple consecutive plants based on the stem diameter of the plant; to perform linear fitting based on the change in stem diameter of multiple plants to obtain a drought stress fitting curve image; and to monitor the drought stress of the plants based on the drought stress fitting curve image.

[0138] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the system further includes: a data receiver and a cloud server 3; the stem diameter detection device 1 acquires the stem diameter of the plant and sends the stem diameter of the plant to the data receiver 2; the data receiver uploads the stem diameter of the plant to the cloud server 3; the monitoring terminal 4 acquires the target stem diameter of the target plant in the cloud server 3; wherein, the target plant is the plant to be detected.

[0139] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stem diameter detection device 1 includes: a wearable sensor 12, a resistor 11, a first fixator 140, and a second fixator 150; the wearable sensor 12 includes: a flexible material 130 and a data cable 14; the flexible material 130 is wrapped around the stem of the plant to be monitored; both ends of the flexible material 130 are connected to the resistor 11 through the data cable 14; the first fixator 140 and the second fixator 150 are both connected to the flexible material 130, and the first fixator 140 and the second fixator 150 are attracted to each other by built-in magnets so that the flexible material 130 is wrapped and fixed around the stem of the plant.

[0140] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the flexible material 130 includes: an elastic conductive inner core and an elastic insulating outer jacket; the elastic insulating outer jacket is fitted over the elastic conductive inner core; the elastic conductive inner core is a silk-based conductive carbon fabric inner core; the elastic insulating outer jacket is a polydimethylsiloxane elastic insulating outer jacket or an aliphatic-aromatic random copolyester elastic insulating outer jacket.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the plant physiological state monitoring device based on the flexible wearable sensor 12 described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the embodiments of the plant physiological state monitoring method based on the flexible wearable sensor 12 mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0142] Example 4

[0143] This invention also provides an electronic device for running a plant physiological state monitoring method based on a flexible wearable sensor 12; see [link to related documentation]. Figure 15 The schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present invention shown includes a memory 800 and a processor 801. The memory 800 is used to store one or more computer instructions, which are executed by the processor 801 to realize the above-mentioned plant physiological state monitoring method based on the flexible wearable sensor 12.

[0144] Furthermore, Figure 15 The electronic device shown also includes a bus 802 and a communication interface 803. The processor 801, the communication interface 803, and the memory 800 are connected via the bus 802.

[0145] The memory 800 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) 800, and may also include non-volatile memory 800, such as at least one disk storage device 800. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 803 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc. The bus 802 may be an ISA bus 802, a PCI bus 802, or an EISA bus 802, etc. The bus 802 can be divided into an address bus 802, a data bus 802, a control bus 802, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 15 The symbol is represented by a single double-headed arrow, but this does not mean that there is only one bus 802 or one type of bus 802.

[0146] The processor 801 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of the processor 801 or by instructions in software form. The processor 801 may be a general-purpose processor 801, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this invention. The general-purpose processor 801 may be a microprocessor 801, or any conventional processor 801. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this invention can be directly manifested as execution by the hardware decoding processor 801, or execution by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor 801. The software module can reside in a random access memory 800, flash memory, read-only memory 800, programmable read-only memory 800, electrically erasable programmable memory 800, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory 800, and processor 801 reads information from memory 800 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the method described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0147] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions. When these computer-executable instructions are called and executed by a processor 801, they cause the processor 801 to implement the above-described plant physiological state monitoring method based on the flexible wearable sensor 12. For specific implementation details, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0148] The computer program product of the plant physiological state monitoring method, device and electronic device based on flexible wearable sensor 12 provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes a computer-readable storage medium storing program code. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the methods in the preceding method embodiments. For specific implementation, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0149] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system and / or device described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0150] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0151] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0152] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor, characterized in that, An application in a plant physiological state monitoring system, the system comprising: a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device and a monitoring terminal; the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device being mounted on the stem of the plant; the method comprising: The stem diameter of the plant is obtained based on the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device. Real-time physiological state monitoring of the plant is performed based on the stem diameter of the plant; wherein the physiological state monitoring of the plant includes at least one of the following: monitoring of transpiration of the plant, monitoring of fruit cracking of the plant, monitoring of nutrient deficiency of the plant, monitoring of waterlogging stress of the plant, and monitoring of drought stress of the plant. The stem diameter includes: the diameter of the main stem and the diameter of the lateral branches; the steps for real-time monitoring of the plant's physiological state based on the stem diameter include: The fruit cracking index is determined based on the ratio of the change in the diameter of the main stem to the change in the diameter of the lateral branches during the second time period. Based on the fruit cracking index, the plant is monitored for fruit cracking; when the ratio of the change in the diameter of the main stem to the cumulative change in the diameter of the lateral branches is less than a preset value, fruit cracking is likely to occur, and an early warning is issued to the user. The steps for real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on the stem diameter of the plant also include: The first diameter average value is determined based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the current natural day; The average second diameter was determined based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the first day of the nutrient deficiency monitoring period; The average change in stem diameter of the plant is determined based on the first average diameter, the second average diameter, and the current number of monitoring days. The plant is judged to be deficient in nutrients based on the average change in stem diameter and the preset target value; wherein, if the average change in stem diameter is less than the first target value, it indicates that the plant is deficient in phosphorus, and if the average change in stem diameter is less than the second target value, it indicates that the plant is deficient in potassium.

2. The method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on the stem diameter of the plant include: Obtain the soil volumetric water content within the planting area of ​​the plant; Based on the change in stem diameter of the plant during the first time period and the soil volumetric water content in the planting area of ​​the plant during the first time period, a two-segment function fitting is performed to obtain the fitting curve image, and the inflection point is calculated. The transpiration of the plant is monitored based on the fitted curve image and the inflection point.

3. The method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on the stem diameter of the plant include: The change in stem diameter of multiple consecutive plants is determined based on the stem diameter of the plant. Linear fitting was performed on the changes in stem diameter of multiple plants to obtain a waterlogging stress fitting curve image. The water stress of the plants was monitored based on the fitted curve image of the water stress.

4. The method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for real-time monitoring of plant physiological status based on the stem diameter of the plant include: The change in stem diameter of multiple consecutive plants is determined based on the stem diameter of the plant. A drought stress fitting curve image was obtained by linear fitting based on the changes in stem diameter of multiple plants. The drought stress of the plants was monitored based on the drought stress fitting curve image.

5. The method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The system also includes: a data receiver and a cloud server; The stem diameter detection device acquires the stem diameter of the plant and sends the stem diameter of the plant to the data receiver; The data receiver uploads the stem diameter of the plant to the cloud server; The monitoring terminal obtains the target stem diameter of the target plant from the cloud server; wherein, the target plant is the plant to be detected.

6. The method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The stem diameter detection device includes: a wearable sensor, a ohmmeter, a first fixator, and a second fixator; the wearable sensor includes: a flexible material and a data cable; The flexible material is wrapped around the stem of the plant to be monitored; Both ends of the flexible material are connected to the ohmmeter via data lines; Both the first and second fixing devices are connected to the flexible material, and the first and second fixing devices are attracted to each other by built-in magnets so that the flexible material is wrapped around and fixed to the stem of the plant.

7. The method for monitoring plant physiological state based on a flexible wearable sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flexible material includes: an elastic conductive inner core and an elastic insulating outer sleeve; the elastic insulating outer sleeve is fitted over the elastic conductive inner core. The elastic conductive inner core is a silk-based conductive carbon fabric inner core. The elastic insulating jacket is a polydimethylsiloxane elastic insulating jacket or an aliphatic-aromatic random copolyester elastic insulating jacket.

8. A plant physiological state monitoring device based on a flexible wearable sensor, characterized in that, An application in plant physiological state monitoring systems, the system comprising: a flexible wearable stem diameter detection device and a monitoring terminal; the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device is mounted on the stem of the plant; the device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the stem diameter of the plant based on the flexible wearable stem diameter detection device; A plant physiological state monitoring module is used to monitor the real-time physiological state of the plant based on the stem diameter of the plant; wherein the plant physiological state monitoring includes at least one of the following: monitoring of the plant's transpiration, monitoring of the plant's fruit cracking, monitoring of the plant's nutrient deficiency, monitoring of the plant's waterlogging stress, and monitoring of the plant's drought stress. The stem diameter includes the main stem diameter and the lateral branch diameter; the plant physiological state monitoring module is used to determine the fruit cracking index based on the ratio of the change in the main stem diameter to the change in the lateral branch diameter during a second time period; and to monitor fruit cracking based on the fruit cracking index; wherein, when the ratio of the change in the main stem diameter to the cumulative change in the lateral branch stem diameter is less than a preset value, fruit cracking is likely to occur, and an early warning is issued to the user; The plant physiological state monitoring module is further configured to: determine a first average stem diameter based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the current natural day; determine a second average stem diameter based on the stem diameter of multiple plants within the first day of the nutrient deficiency monitoring cycle; determine the average change in stem diameter of the plant based on the first average stem diameter, the second average stem diameter, and the current number of monitoring days; and determine whether the plant is deficient in any nutrient based on the average change in stem diameter and a preset target value. Specifically, if the average change in stem diameter is less than the first target value, the plant is deficient in phosphorus; if the average change in stem diameter is less than the second target value, the plant is deficient in potassium.

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