Power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting method and system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of supply chain carbon emission accounting, and discloses a power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting method and system. The method adopts a hierarchical accounting system, which comprises the following steps: under a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework, taking "from cradle to gate" as an accounting boundary, calculating the product carbon footprint of a specific product category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier; and based on the product carbon footprint and combined with purchase quantity data, establishing an annual carbon emission accounting method for specific categories, suppliers and large categories of electrical equipment. The method solves the problems of non-uniformity and non-detailed results of the existing power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting method, and improves the accuracy of the power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission results and the precision of carbon emission management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of carbon emission accounting, and in particular to the field of carbon emission accounting in the supply chain of power grid companies. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial component of the power industry, the carbon emission management of power grid companies involves not only their own operational emissions but also indirect emissions from their complex supply chains—i.e., supply chain carbon emissions. Supply chain carbon emissions encompass multiple stages, including upstream procurement of goods and services and capital goods, as well as downstream product use, transportation, and disposal. The breadth and complexity of these emission sources pose significant challenges to the accounting and management capabilities of power grid companies.

[0003] Therefore, how to construct a scientific and efficient supply chain carbon emission accounting method and system, and solve problems such as data acquisition, unified accounting standards and hierarchical management, are core technical issues that power grid companies urgently need to address. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for carbon emission accounting in the supply chain of power grid enterprises, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] This application discloses a method for carbon emission accounting in the supply chain of a power grid enterprise, including the following steps:

[0006] S1: Under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework, using "cradle to gate" as the accounting boundary, calculate the carbon footprint (E) of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier. i,j Calculate according to the following formula (1):

[0007] E i，j =E 原材料获取 +E 产品生产 +E 产品运输 (1)

[0008] in,

[0009] E 原材料获取 E 产品生产 and E 产品运输 These represent carbon emissions during the raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and product transportation stages, respectively.

[0010] S2: Product carbon footprint E obtained from step S1 i,j Combined with purchase volume data P i,j Conversion factor A with the purchasing unit i The annual carbon emissions E of a specific category of electrical equipment i are calculated. i Calculate according to the following formula (9):

[0011] E i =∑j P i，k ×A i ×E i，j (9)

[0012] in,

[0013] P i,j The purchase volume of Class i electrical equipment products from the j-th supplier in a specific year;

[0014] A i The conversion factor from the statistical unit to the declared unit for the procurement of electrical equipment products of category i;

[0015] S3: Product carbon footprint E obtained from step S1 i,j Based on the product category procurement data from step S2, calculate the carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year. j Calculate according to the following formula (10):

[0016] E j =∑ i P i , j ×A i ×E i , j (10)

[0017] S4: Carbon emissions E for each category obtained in step S2 i The carbon emissions E of a specific electrical equipment category k are calculated and aggregated according to the category. k Calculate according to the following formula (11):

[0018] E k =∑ i E i (i∈k) (11)

[0019] S5: Calculate the carbon emissions E for each major category of electrical equipment obtained in step S4. k The total annual carbon emissions of the power grid company's supply chain, E_supply chain, are obtained by summing up the data and calculating it according to the following formula (12):

[0020] E 供应链 =∑ k E k =∑ j E j (12).

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon emissions E in the raw material acquisition stage of step S1 原材料获取 Calculate according to the following formula (2):

[0022] E 原材料获取 =E原材料生产 +E 原材料运输 (2)

[0023] in,

[0024] E 原材料生产 Carbon emissions generated from the production of various raw materials consumed in the production of electrical equipment products;

[0025] E 原材料运输 Carbon emissions generated from energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials;

[0026] Furthermore, E 原材料生产 Calculate according to the following formula (3):

[0027]

[0028] in,

[0029] AD i Let i be the consumption amount of the i-th raw material;

[0030] CF i Let be the carbon footprint factor of the i-th raw material;

[0031] R 1，i The proportion of recycled materials used in type i materials in the product;

[0032] E PP，i Carbon emissions generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials to meet the quality requirements of virgin materials;

[0033] A i Let be the allocation coefficient for the i-th type of recycled material.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon emissions E during the raw material transportation stage in step S1 are... 原材料运输 Calculate according to the following formula (4):

[0035]

[0036] in,

[0037] E i生产 The carbon emissions generated from the production of the i-th type of fuel;

[0038] E i燃烧 Let be the carbon emissions generated by burning the i-th type of fuel;

[0039] E e Carbon emissions generated during the purchase of electricity for raw material transportation;

[0040] Furthermore, E i燃烧 Calculate according to the following formula (5):

[0041]

[0042] in,

[0043] NCV i Let be the average lower heating value of the i-th type of fuel;

[0044] FC i This represents the net consumption of the i-th type of fuel;

[0045] CC i The carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fuel;

[0046] OF i The carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fuel

[0047] 44 / 12 is the ratio of the relative molecular masses of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0048] GWP 100 This is a potential factor contributing to global warming.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon emissions E during the product manufacturing stage in step S1 are... 产品生产 Calculate according to the following formula (7):

[0050]

[0051] in,

[0052] E i生产 The carbon emissions generated by the consumption of the i-th type of non-electric energy or packaging materials and other auxiliary materials are expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2e).

[0053] E i燃烧 The carbon emissions generated by the combustion of the i-th fuel in the production process are expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0054] E e The amount of carbon emissions generated during the purchase of electricity for product manufacturing is expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0055] M j The disposal volume of waste generated during the production stage under the j-type disposal method is expressed in kilograms (kg), kilowatt-hours (kWh), or cubic meters (m3).

[0056] CF j The carbon emission factor for the j-type disposal method during the production stage is expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (tCO2e / kg), kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (tCO2e / kWh), or kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per cubic meter (tCO2e / m3).

[0057] ADk The emission amount of the kth greenhouse gas directly emitted during the production process, excluding fuel combustion, is expressed in kilograms (kg).

[0058] EF k Let be the carbon emission factor for the kth greenhouse gas, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (kgCO2e / kg).

[0059] N represents the number of types of non-electric energy and fuel; M represents the number of types of waste disposal methods.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon emissions E of the raw material transportation process are... 原材料运输 Carbon emissions from electricity purchased in China e Calculate according to the following formula (6):

[0061] E e =AD e ×CF e (6)

[0062] in,

[0063] AD e Electricity consumption of new energy vehicles during raw material transportation, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

[0064] CF e This is the carbon emission factor for electricity, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kg CO2 / kWh).

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon emissions E during the product transportation stage in step S1 产品运输 Calculate according to the following formula (8):

[0066]

[0067] in,

[0068] M represents the mass of electrical equipment products corresponding to the unit of measurement, expressed in tons (t).

[0069] D i Let be the average transport distance for the i-th mode of transport, expressed in kilometers (km).

[0070] T i denoted as the carbon emission factor for the i-th mode of transportation, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton-kilometer (kgCO2e / t·km).

[0071] n represents the number of different modes of transportation.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the electrical equipment category includes one or more of cables, transformers, towers, and switchgear, and the types of electrical equipment are determined with reference to the power grid enterprise procurement classification standards.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, when the electrical equipment is a cable, the cable is further classified according to voltage level as follows:

[0074] Low-voltage cables, with a voltage rating of 1kV and below;

[0075] Medium voltage cables, with voltage levels from 1kV to 35kV;

[0076] High-voltage cables with a voltage rating of 35kV or higher.

[0077] This application also discloses a carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain, including:

[0078] This module calculates the carbon footprint (E) of a specific category of electrical equipment supplied by a specific supplier, using the "cradle to gate" accounting boundary within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework. i,j Calculate according to the following formula (1):

[0079] E i，j =E 原材料获取 +E 产品生产 +E 产品运输 (1)

[0080] in,

[0081] E 原材料获取 E 产品生产 and E 产品运输 These represent carbon emissions during the raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and product transportation stages, respectively.

[0082] Annual carbon emissions E of specific electrical equipment category i i The calculation module is used to calculate the carbon footprint (E) of a product based on a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier. i,j Combined with purchase volume data P i,j Conversion factor A with the purchasing unit i The annual carbon emissions E of a specific category of electrical equipment i are calculated. i Calculate according to the following formula (9):

[0083] E i =∑ j P i，j ×A i ×E i，j (9)

[0084] in,

[0085] P i,j The purchase volume of Class i electrical equipment products from the j-th supplier in a specific year;

[0086] A i The conversion factor from the statistical unit to the declared unit for the procurement of electrical equipment products of category i;

[0087] Carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year j The calculation module is used to calculate the carbon footprint (E) of a specific category of electrical equipment from a specific supplier. i,j Based on the annual procurement data for specific product categories, the carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year are calculated according to the following formula (10). j :

[0088] E j =∑ i P i，j ×A i ×E i，j (10)

[0089] Annual carbon emissions E of specific electrical equipment category k k The summary module is used to summarize the data according to each category k of electrical equipment and calculate the annual carbon emissions E of a specific category k of electrical equipment according to the following formula (11). k :

[0090] E k =∑ i E i (i∈k) (11)

[0091] The annual total carbon emissions E of the power grid company's supply chain is calculated using a supply chain module, which is used to calculate the carbon emissions E of various electrical equipment categories. k The total annual carbon emissions of the power grid company's supply chain, E_supply chain, are obtained by summing up the data and calculating it according to the following formula (12):

[0092] E 供应链 =∑ k E k =∑ j E j (12).

[0093] The method and system for carbon emission accounting in the power grid enterprise supply chain proposed in this patent application have the following technical advantages:

[0094] First, this application establishes a scientific and standardized hierarchical accounting system. By refining supply chain carbon emissions to the levels of suppliers, categories, and products, and by standardizing the accounting boundaries and calculation formulas for each level, the accuracy and comparability of the accounting results are greatly improved. Compared with the traditional holistic accounting method, hierarchical accounting can more precisely depict the carbon emission status of each link in the supply chain, making it easier for companies to identify emission hotspots and formulate targeted emission reduction measures.

[0095] Secondly, this application achieves the integration and sharing of carbon emission data across suppliers and product categories. By collecting, reviewing, and summarizing the product carbon footprint data submitted by various suppliers, an enterprise-level carbon emission database is established, providing comprehensive and timely data support for supply chain carbon management. Based on this, enterprises can carry out management actions such as supplier carbon emission benchmarking, identifying key emission reduction categories, and evaluating the effectiveness of emission reduction measures, effectively promoting carbon emission reduction in the supply chain.

[0096] Furthermore, this application provides a systematic solution for supply chain carbon management. Compared to carbon accounting, carbon management places higher demands on enterprises' digital capabilities. This application integrates functions such as carbon accounting, carbon reporting, and carbon reduction strategy evaluation into a complete closed-loop management process by developing a supply chain carbon emission management system. The system has functional modules such as data acquisition, calculation engine, and report output, with a high level of automation and low manpower costs required for management.

[0097] Finally, this application has broad application prospects. More and more companies are facing pressure to reduce carbon emissions in their supply chains. However, one of the main obstacles hindering corporate action is the lack of mature and operational carbon accounting and management methods. This application, based on the characteristics of the power grid company supply chain, proposes a practical and feasible technical route. Furthermore, this application has a certain degree of versatility and, with appropriate adjustments, can also be used by companies in other industries.

[0098] In summary, the carbon emission accounting method and system for power grid enterprise supply chain provided in this patent application have significant effects in standardizing accounting, supporting management, and enabling emission reduction. They are of great value for realizing the low-carbon transformation of the power grid and even the entire national economy, and have good economic and social benefits.

[0099] The specification of this application contains numerous technical features distributed across various technical solutions. Listing all possible combinations of these technical features (i.e., technical solutions) would make the specification excessively lengthy. To avoid this problem, the various technical features disclosed in the above-described invention, the various technical features disclosed in the following embodiments and examples, and the various technical features disclosed in the accompanying drawings can be freely combined to form various new technical solutions (all of which are considered to have been described in this specification), unless such a combination of technical features is technically infeasible. For example, one example discloses feature A+B+C, and another example discloses feature A+B+D+E. Features C and D are equivalent technical means that serve the same function, and technically only one needs to be used; they cannot be used simultaneously. Feature E can technically be combined with feature C. Therefore, the solution A+B+C+D should not be considered as described because it is technically infeasible, while the solution A+B+C+E should be considered as described. Attached Figure Description

[0100] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the carbon emission accounting method for the power grid enterprise supply chain according to the first embodiment of this application.

[0101] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting system according to the second embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0102] In the following description, many technical details are presented to help the reader better understand this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0103] Explanation of some concepts:

[0104] Supply chain carbon emissions: The total carbon emissions from all externally purchased goods and services, such as materials, components, and equipment, at the enterprise's supply chain end, from cradle to door, constitute an important component of enterprise-wide carbon emissions.

[0105] Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A systematic approach to assessing the environmental impact of a product throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material acquisition, manufacturing, use to final disposal.

[0106] "Cradle to Gate": In this application, cradle to gate includes the entire process from raw material extraction to product transportation to the customer's door.

[0107] Electrical equipment products: Various types of equipment purchased and used by power grid companies, mainly including: cables (low voltage, medium voltage, and high voltage cables); transformers; iron towers; switchgear and other power transmission and transformation equipment.

[0108] Carbon footprint: The total amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated by a particular product at each stage of its life cycle, usually expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).

[0109] Declaration unit: The basic unit of measurement for product carbon footprint accounting, such as 1 meter in length for cable products.

[0110] Global Warming Potential (GWP) 100 ): Used to measure the greenhouse effect intensity of different greenhouse gases relative to carbon dioxide, and to calculate the impact over a 100-year timescale.

[0111] Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e): Converts the climate impacts of various greenhouse gases into an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide, serving as a unified unit of measurement.

[0112] The following is a brief summary of some of the innovative aspects of this application:

[0113] In summary, the inventors of this application, through extensive and in-depth research, have found that power grid companies face the following main problems in supply chain carbon emission accounting:

[0114] First, the diverse range of suppliers makes carbon emission accounting difficult. The supply chain of power grid companies involves multiple industries and levels, including transmission and transformation equipment manufacturers, material suppliers, and logistics service providers. Transmission and transformation equipment can be further subdivided into products such as cables, transformers, towers, and switchgear, with significant differences in carbon emission sources among different product types. Existing accounting methods struggle to comprehensively cover all emission sources.

[0115] Second, there is a lack of scientific hierarchical accounting methods. Existing carbon emission accounting methods mostly adopt overall statistics, failing to conduct detailed classification and hierarchical accounting based on supplier categories and product characteristics. For example, the differences in carbon emissions among different types of cables (such as low-voltage, high-voltage, and medium-voltage cables) are not fully reflected. This lack of clear hierarchical accounting makes it difficult for power grid companies to accurately identify low-emission suppliers, thus affecting the optimization of overall carbon emissions in the supply chain.

[0116] Third, there is a lack of uniformity in accounting standards. Currently, the carbon accounting methods and boundary delineation used at different stages of the supply chain vary considerably. Some companies estimate emissions based on industry average emission factors, while others use Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods, and the boundary delineation also differs. This lack of uniformity in accounting standards and methods makes supply chain carbon emission accounting lack scientific rigor and comparability, affecting the validity of the accounting results.

[0117] Fourth, there is a lack of systematic management tools and decision support. While existing carbon emission accounting methods can provide basic emission data, they lack systematic analysis and management tools, making it difficult to provide effective decision support for power grid companies. Currently, carbon emission accounting results mostly remain at the reporting level, failing to effectively connect with the company's actual operations, supplier selection, and other decision-making processes. This often results in power grid companies being unable to conduct accurate comparative analysis when selecting low-carbon suppliers, potentially choosing suppliers that are not the lowest emitters.

[0118] To address the above issues, a method and system for carbon emission accounting in the power grid enterprise supply chain is proposed, and its overall technical concept is as follows:

[0119] This application adopts a hierarchical accounting system architecture, which divides the carbon emission accounting process of the power grid enterprise supply chain into four levels. Through bottom-up calculation and aggregation, it achieves accurate carbon emission accounting and management.

[0120] At the first basic level, carbon footprint accounting is conducted using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method for specific electrical equipment products (such as cables and transformers) supplied by specific suppliers. A unified "cradle-to-gate" accounting boundary is adopted, dividing the entire product lifecycle into three main stages: raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and product transportation. In the raw material stage, the impact of recycled materials is considered, and the "polluter pays" principle is applied to handle waste emissions. In the manufacturing stage, energy consumption, auxiliary material usage, and direct emissions are comprehensively accounted for. In the transportation stage, the carbon emission characteristics of different transportation modes are considered.

[0121] At the second level, based on the product carbon footprint data obtained from the first level, and combined with actual procurement data, the annual carbon emissions for specific electrical equipment categories (such as medium-voltage cables and high-voltage cables) and the carbon emissions for specific suppliers are calculated. This level converts the product-level carbon footprint data into actual carbon emissions through procurement volume and unit conversion factors.

[0122] At the third level, electrical equipment is categorized and summarized according to major categories (such as power transmission and transformation equipment), and the total carbon emissions of each category are calculated. This classification method is compatible with the procurement management system of power grid companies, facilitating practical application and management.

[0123] At the highest level, the carbon emissions of all major categories of electrical equipment are summed to obtain the total carbon emissions of the power grid company's entire supply chain. This level of data can be analyzed by product category or by supplier, providing multi-dimensional data support for enterprise management decisions.

[0124] The accounting system in this application adopts standardized calculation methods and a unified data format, ensuring data consistency and traceability across all levels. Simultaneously, through detailed classification and accounting, it can accurately identify high-carbon emission links and key emission reduction opportunities in the supply chain, providing a scientific basis for power grid companies to formulate precise carbon reduction strategies.

[0125] This hierarchical accounting method ensures the accuracy of the underlying data while enabling systematic management of overall carbon emissions, forming a complete supply chain carbon emissions accounting and management system. Through this technical solution, power grid companies can better understand and manage supply chain carbon emissions, promoting the supply chain's transformation towards a low-carbon model.

[0126] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0127] The first embodiment of this application relates to a method for carbon emission accounting in the supply chain of a power grid company, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0128] S1: Under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework, using "cradle to gate" as the accounting boundary, calculate the carbon footprint (E) of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier. i,j Calculate according to the following formula (1):

[0129] E i，j =E 原材料获取 +E 产品生产 +E 产品运输 (1)

[0130] in,

[0131] E 原材料获取 E 产品生产 and E 产品运输 These are the carbon emissions from the raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and product transportation stages, respectively.

[0132] S2: Product carbon footprint E obtained from step S1 i,j Combined with purchase volume data P i,j Conversion factor A with the purchasing unit i The annual carbon emissions E of a specific category of electrical equipment i are calculated. i Calculate according to the following formula (9):

[0133] E i =∑ j P i，j ×A i ×E i，j (9)

[0134] in,

[0135] P i,j The purchase volume of Class i electrical equipment products from the j-th supplier in a specific year;

[0136] A i The conversion factor from the statistical unit to the declared unit for the procurement of electrical equipment products of category i;

[0137] S3: Product carbon footprint E obtained from step S1 i,j Based on the product category procurement data from step S2, calculate the carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year. j Calculate according to the following formula (10):

[0138] E j =∑ i P i，j ×A i ×E i，j (10)

[0139] S4: Carbon emissions E for each category obtained in step S2 i The carbon emissions E of a specific electrical equipment category k are calculated annually, based on the overall category k. k Calculate according to the following formula (11):

[0140] E k =∑ i E i (i∈k) (11)

[0141] S5: Calculate the carbon emissions E for each major category of electrical equipment obtained in step S4. k The total annual carbon emissions of the power grid company's supply chain, E_supply chain, are obtained by summing up the data and calculating it according to the following formula (12):

[0142] E 供应链 =∑ k E k =∑ j E j (12)

[0143] It should be noted that S2 and S3 of this embodiment innovatively propose a two-dimensional summary calculation framework. Carbon emissions are calculated and summarized from the product category dimension and the supplier dimension respectively using formulas (9) and (10), breaking through the limitations of traditional methods that only perform statistics from a single dimension. This two-dimensional accounting method enables carbon emission data to simultaneously meet different management needs—it allows understanding the carbon emission status of different types of products and assessing the carbon emission performance of different suppliers.

[0144] Secondly, this method establishes a scientific data conversion mechanism. This is achieved by introducing a conversion coefficient A from the purchasing unit. iThis addresses the inconsistency between the actual procurement statistics unit and the carbon footprint accounting declaration unit. This conversion mechanism ensures the accuracy of data conversion and aggregation across different dimensions, providing a reliable data foundation for multi-dimensional analysis.

[0145] Third, this method enables refined carbon emission management. Through procurement volume data P i,j And product carbon footprint E i,j The combination of these methods allows for precise tracking of each supplier's specific carbon emission contribution for each product category. This refined accounting approach enables companies to accurately identify carbon emission hotspots, providing a basis for developing targeted carbon reduction strategies.

[0146] Finally, this method has strong practical value. Through a unified calculation formula and a clear accounting process, it makes the complex task of supply chain carbon emission accounting operable, traceable, and comparable. This not only improves accounting efficiency but also provides a scientific basis for supply chain carbon emission management decisions.

[0147] This innovative two-dimensional accounting method effectively solves the technical challenges in carbon emission accounting in the power grid enterprise supply chain and has important practical significance for promoting the low-carbon transformation of the supply chain.

[0148] Optionally, the carbon emissions E in the raw material acquisition stage of step S1 原材料获取 Calculate according to the following formula (2):

[0149] E 原材料获取 =E 原材料生产 +E 原材料运输 (2)

[0150] in,

[0151] E 原材料生产 Carbon emissions generated from the production of various raw materials consumed in the production of electrical equipment products;

[0152] E 原材料运输 Carbon emissions generated from energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials;

[0153] Furthermore, E 原材料生产 Calculate according to the following formula (3):

[0154]

[0155] in,

[0156] AD i Let i be the consumption amount of the i-th type of raw material;

[0157] CF i Let be the carbon footprint factor of the i-th raw material;

[0158] R 1，i The proportion of recycled materials used in type i materials in the product;

[0159] E PP，i Carbon emissions generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials to meet the quality requirements of virgin materials;

[0160] A i Let be the allocation coefficient for the i-th type of recycled material.

[0161] It should be noted that the carbon emissions E during the aforementioned material acquisition phase 原材料获取 The specific implementation method creatively integrates carbon emission accounting for virgin and recycled materials. This is achieved by introducing the proportion of recycled materials, R... 1，i and pre-treated carbon emissions E PP，i By establishing parameters such as these, a comprehensive calculation framework was developed that considers not only the direct carbon emissions from virgin materials but also the additional carbon emissions generated during the pretreatment of recycled materials. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional accounting methods that only focus on virgin materials, and more accurately reflects the actual environmental impact of material use.

[0162] Secondly, this method introduces an innovative allocation mechanism. Through the allocation coefficient A... i The design addresses the issue of carbon emission allocation for recycled materials across different application scenarios. When materials undergo closed-loop recycling, the allocation coefficient is 1; when they are completely downgraded for recycling, the allocation coefficient is 0. This flexible allocation mechanism makes carbon emission accounting more fair and reasonable, avoiding issues of double counting or omissions.

[0163] Third, this method enables refined accounting of the transportation process. It independently calculates the carbon emissions (E) generated by energy consumption during raw material transportation. 原材料运输 This method comprehensively reflects the carbon emissions of raw materials from their source to their production site. This refined accounting approach improves the accuracy and completeness of supply chain carbon footprint assessment.

[0164] Finally, this method is highly practical and universally applicable. Through standardized calculation formulas and clear parameter definitions, it makes complex raw material carbon emission accounting executable and verifiable. This method is not only applicable to power grid companies but can also be extended to supply chain carbon emission accounting in other industries.

[0165] This innovative accounting method provides enterprises with a powerful tool for more precise carbon emission management and offers important technical support for promoting the development of a circular economy and the low-carbon transformation of supply chains. By comprehensively considering the carbon emission characteristics of virgin and recycled materials, this method better supports enterprises' decision-making processes in material selection and supplier management, and promotes the implementation of sustainable development strategies.

[0166] Optionally, the carbon emissions E of the raw material transportation stage in step S1 原材料运输 Calculate according to the following formula (4):

[0167]

[0168] in,

[0169] E i生产 The carbon emissions generated from the production of the i-th type of fuel;

[0170] E i燃烧 Let be the carbon emissions generated by burning the i-th type of fuel;

[0171] E e Carbon emissions generated during the purchase of electricity for raw material transportation;

[0172] Furthermore, E i燃烧 Calculate according to the following formula (5):

[0173]

[0174] in,

[0175] NCV i Let be the average lower heating value of the i-th type of fuel;

[0176] FC i This represents the net consumption of the i-th type of fuel;

[0177] CC i The carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fuel;

[0178] OF i The carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fuel

[0179] 44 / 12 is the ratio of the relative molecular masses of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0180] GWP 100 This is a potential factor contributing to global warming.

[0181] Optionally, the carbon emissions E during the product manufacturing stage in step S1 产品生产 Calculate according to the following formula (7):

[0182]

[0183] in,

[0184] E i生产 The carbon emissions generated by the consumption of the i-th type of non-electric energy or packaging materials and other auxiliary materials are expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0185] E i燃烧The carbon emissions generated by the combustion of the i-th fuel in the production process are expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0186] E e The amount of carbon emissions generated during the purchase of electricity for product manufacturing is expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0187] M j The disposal volume of waste generated during the production stage under the j-type disposal method is expressed in kilograms (kg), kilowatt-hours (kWh), or cubic meters (m3).

[0188] CF j The carbon emission factor for the j-type disposal method in the production stage is expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (tCO2e / kg), kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (tCO2e / kWh), or kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per cubic meter (tCO2e / m3).

[0189] AD k The emission amount of the kth greenhouse gas directly emitted during the production process, excluding fuel combustion, is expressed in kilograms (kg).

[0190] EF k Let be the carbon emission factor for the kth greenhouse gas, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (kg CO2e / kg).

[0191] N represents the number of types of non-electric energy and fuel; M represents the number of types of waste disposal methods.

[0192] It should be noted that the carbon emissions during the product manufacturing stage (E) 产品生产 The specific accounting method has significant innovation and technological breakthroughs, mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0193] First, this method innovatively constructs a comprehensive emission source identification system. A complete accounting framework covering multiple emission types is established through formula (7), including non-electric energy consumption (E... i生产 ), fuel combustion (E) i燃烧 ), electricity use (E) e Waste disposal (M) j ×CF j ) and direct greenhouse gas emissions (AD) k ×EF k This comprehensive emission source identification method overcomes the limitations of traditional accounting methods that often overlook certain emission sources, making carbon emission accounting more complete and accurate.

[0194] Secondly, this method achieves refined quantification of different types of emission sources. For each emission source, a corresponding specialized calculation method and unit system have been established. For example, for waste disposal, the carbon emission impact under different disposal methods (such as different units of measurement like kilograms, kilowatt-hours, and cubic meters) is considered; for direct greenhouse gas emissions, different types of greenhouse gases are uniformly converted into carbon dioxide equivalents through emission coefficients. This refined quantification method greatly improves the accuracy of the accounting results.

[0195] Third, this method establishes a scientific unit conversion system. By uniformly using carbon dioxide equivalent as the accounting unit and setting corresponding conversion factors for different types of emission sources, it solves the problem of inconsistent measurement units among different emission sources. This unified unit system allows for effective comparison and aggregation of the contributions of different emission sources.

[0196] Finally, this method is highly practical and operable. By clearly defining the meaning and unit of each parameter and providing standardized calculation formulas, it makes carbon emission accounting for complex production processes executable and verifiable. In particular, by introducing the concept of the number of emission sources (N and M), this method can flexibly adapt to changes in the types of emission sources under different production scenarios.

[0197] This innovative accounting method provides electrical equipment manufacturers with a scientific and comprehensive carbon emission management tool. By refining the accounting methods for different emission sources, companies can more accurately identify major carbon emission links, providing reliable data support for formulating targeted emission reduction strategies, and has important practical significance for promoting the industry's low-carbon transformation.

[0198] Optionally, the carbon emissions E of the raw material transportation process 原材料运输 Carbon emissions from electricity purchased in China e Calculate according to the following formula (6):

[0199] E e =AD e ×CF e (6)

[0200] in,

[0201] AD e Electricity consumption of new energy vehicles during raw material transportation, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh);

[0202] CF e This is the carbon emission factor for electricity, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kg CO2 / kWh).

[0203] Optionally, the carbon emissions E during the product transportation stage in step S1 产品运输Calculate according to the following formula (8):

[0204]

[0205] in,

[0206] M is the unit of measurement for the electrical equipment product, expressed in tons (t).

[0207] D i Let be the average transport distance for the i-th mode of transport, expressed in kilometers (km).

[0208] T i denoted as the carbon emission factor for the i-th mode of transportation, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton-kilometer (kgCO2e / t·km).

[0209] n represents the number of different modes of transportation.

[0210] Optionally, the electrical equipment category includes one or more of cables, transformers, towers, and switchgear, and the types of electrical equipment are determined with reference to the power grid enterprise procurement classification standards.

[0211] Optionally, when the electrical equipment category is cable, the cable is further classified according to voltage level as follows:

[0212] Low-voltage cables, with a voltage rating of 1kV and below;

[0213] Medium-voltage cables, with voltage levels from 1kV to 35kV;

[0214] High-voltage cables with a voltage rating of 35kV or higher.

[0215] To better understand the technical solution of this application, a specific example is provided below. The details listed in this example are mainly for ease of understanding and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0216] This example proposes a tiered carbon emission accounting method and system for the power grid enterprise supply chain. Its innovation lies primarily in two dimensions: First, for the most significant source of carbon emissions across the power grid enterprise—purchased electrical equipment—a tiered carbon emission accounting system based on both supplier and product dimensions is established. This system significantly improves the granularity and accuracy of carbon emission accounting by finely distinguishing the carbon emission characteristics of different suppliers and different types of electrical equipment products. Second, at the product level, a carbon footprint accounting method for electrical equipment, based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and conforming to specific product category rules, is constructed, achieving standardization and precise quantification of product carbon footprint. This innovative tiered accounting method not only solves the technical problems of the existing power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting methods being too crude and lacking precision, but also provides enterprises with accurate carbon emission data support, enabling them to formulate more targeted carbon reduction strategies and achieve dynamic tracking and precise evaluation of carbon reduction effects. This technological innovation is of great significance for improving the scientific rigor and effectiveness of carbon emission management across the power grid enterprise.

[0217] More specifically, firstly, this example creatively constructs a hierarchical carbon emission accounting method. This method establishes a multi-level accounting system based on supplier attributes and product categories, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-dimensional accounting. By conducting full lifecycle analysis of supplier carbon emission data within each level, it achieves precise quantification of carbon emissions from different types of suppliers and products. This hierarchical accounting method significantly improves the granularity and accuracy of carbon emission data, providing a solid foundation for refined management.

[0218] Second, this example innovatively establishes a unified standard for product carbon footprint accounting. Based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, this standard innovatively proposes a unified "cradle-to-gate" boundary division and designs differentiated accounting rules for different product categories, including specific allocation methods, selection criteria, and declaration units. This accounting method, combining standardization and differentiation, ensures both the comparability of carbon emission data from different suppliers and the accuracy of carbon footprint accounting for different product categories.

[0219] Third, this example demonstrates the development of an intelligent carbon emission management system platform. This platform innovatively integrates an accounting standard library, an emission factor library, and a lifecycle model, enabling intelligent collection, dynamic analysis, and real-time monitoring of supply chain carbon emission data. Through a hierarchical data management mechanism and dynamic modeling capabilities, the system can promptly capture the carbon emission impacts of changes in supply chain activities, providing enterprises with precise decision support.

[0220] This technological system, through innovative accounting methods, standardized procedures, and intelligent systems, enables precise quantification, dynamic monitoring, and scientific management of carbon emissions in the power grid enterprise supply chain. It provides strong technical support for enterprises to formulate effective carbon reduction strategies and assess their effectiveness. The innovation and practicality of this system have significant demonstrative value for promoting the low-carbon transformation of power grid enterprises and the entire energy industry.

[0221] Furthermore, this example provides a hierarchical carbon emission accounting method and system for the power grid enterprise supply chain, which can be divided into multiple levels.

[0222] The first level is for calculating the carbon footprint of specific product categories from specific suppliers (e.g., the broad category of cables can be further subdivided into low-voltage, high-voltage, and medium-voltage cable products).

[0223] S100 calculates the carbon footprint of specific categories of electrical equipment products from specific suppliers.

[0224] First, within the LCA framework, a unified accounting boundary (cradle to gate, including downstream transportation) and phase division (divided into raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and product transportation / delivery stages) are established. The carbon emission accounting methods for the use of secondary materials and the generation of recyclable materials are determined (bearing the burden of the recycling process and enjoying carbon credits generated from the production of alternative virgin materials due to material recycling). The "polluter pays" principle is adopted for end-of-life disposal services, meaning that the carbon emissions from the end-of-life disposal process for all waste requiring disposal must be included in the product system. Next, the carbon footprint accounting methodology standards for this product category are screened and determined. From these standards, the declaration unit for this product category is determined (e.g., for cables, the declaration unit is 1m cable). Then, a complete carbon footprint accounting method for specific categories of electrical equipment products provided by specific suppliers is established.

[0225] E i , j =E 原材料获取 +E 产品生产 +E 产品运输 male

[0226] Equation (1)

[0227] In the formula:

[0228] E i,j —The carbon footprint of Class i electrical equipment products provided by the jth supplier, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent / declared units (kgCO2e / declared units);

[0229] E 原材料获取 —Total carbon emissions generated during the raw material acquisition process, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent / declared units (kgCO2e / declared units);

[0230] E产品生产 —Total carbon emissions generated during the product manufacturing process, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent / declared units (kgCO2e / declared units);

[0231] E 产品运输 —Total carbon emissions generated during product transportation, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent / declared units (kgCO2e / declared units);

[0232] E 原材料获取 =E 原材料生产 +E 原材料运输 Formula (2)

[0233] E 原材料获取 —Total carbon emissions generated during the raw material acquisition stage of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0234] E 原材料生产 —The total carbon emissions generated from the production of various raw materials (main materials) consumed in the production of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0235] E 原材料运输 —Total carbon emissions generated by energy consumption during raw material transportation, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2e);

[0236]

[0237] In the formula:

[0238] E 原材料生产 —The total carbon emissions generated from the production of various raw materials (main materials) required for electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0239] AD i — Consumption amount of the i-th raw material, in kg;

[0240] N – Number of types of raw materials;

[0241] CF i —The carbon footprint factor of the i-th raw material, kg CO2 equivalent / kg. This parameter should be consistent with the system boundary of functional units / declared units;

[0242] R 1，i —The percentage of recycled materials used in Category i materials of the product, %.

[0243] E PP，i —To meet the quality requirements of virgin materials, the carbon emissions generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials are expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0244] A i — The allocation coefficient of the i-th type of recycled material (1 for closed-loop recycling, 0 for complete degradation recycling);

[0245]

[0246] In the formula:

[0247] E 原材料运输 —The total carbon emissions generated by energy consumption during the transportation of various raw materials (raw materials and auxiliary materials) for electrical equipment products, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0248] —The carbon emissions generated from the production of the i-th type of fuel, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0249] —The carbon emissions produced by the combustion of the i-th fuel, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0250] E e —The carbon emissions generated during the purchase of electricity for raw material transportation, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0251] N – Number of types of fuel;

[0252] The formula for calculating the carbon dioxide emissions produced by burning the i-th type of fuel is as follows:

[0253]

[0254] In the formula:

[0255] NCV i —The average lower heating value of the i-th fuel, in megajoules per ton (GJ / t) for solid or liquid fuels; and in megajoules per cubic meter (GJ / 10,000 Nm3) for gaseous fuels.

[0256] FC i —Net consumption of the i-th type of fuel, in tons (t) for solid or liquid fuels; in ten thousand cubic meters (ten thousand Nm3) for gaseous fuels;

[0257] CC i —The carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fuel, expressed in tons of carbon per million kilojoules (tC / GJ);

[0258] OF i —The carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fuel, in %;

[0259] —The ratio of the relative molecular masses of carbon dioxide to carbon, used to convert the mass of carbon to the mass of carbon dioxide;

[0260] GWP 100 —The coefficient for global warming potential varies depending on the type of greenhouse gas.

[0261] The formula for calculating the carbon dioxide emissions generated during the transportation of raw materials using purchased electricity is as follows:

[0262]

[0263] In the formula:

[0264] AD e —Electricity consumption of new energy vehicles during raw material transportation, in kilowatt-hours (kWh);

[0265] CF e —The carbon emission factor of electricity, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kgCO2 / kWh);

[0266]

[0267] In the formula:

[0268] E 产品生产 —Total carbon emissions generated during the production stage of electrical equipment products, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0269] E i生产 — The carbon emissions generated by the consumption of the i-th type of non-electric energy or packaging materials and other auxiliary materials, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0270] E i燃烧 — Carbon emissions generated by the combustion of Class I fuels during the production process of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e), see formula (5) for details;

[0271] E e —The carbon emissions generated during the product manufacturing process from purchased electricity, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e), are detailed in formula (6);

[0272] M j — The disposal volume of waste generated during the production stage under the j-type waste disposal method, in kilograms, kWh, or m3;

[0273] CF j—The carbon emission factor of the j-type disposal method generated during the production stage, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (tCO2e / kg), kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (tCO2e / kWh), or kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per cubic meter (tCO2e / m³). 3 );

[0274] M – Number of material types for end-of-life treatment;

[0275] AD k —The amount of direct greenhouse gas (k) emitted during the production process, excluding fuel combustion, in kg;

[0276] EF k —The carbon emission factor of greenhouse gas k, kg CO2e / kg;

[0277]

[0278] In the formula:

[0279] E 产品运输 —Total carbon emissions from product transportation, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0280] M – Unit declaration unit corresponding to the mass of electrical equipment products, in tons (t);

[0281] D i —The average transport distance of the i-th mode of transport, in kilometers (km);

[0282] T i —The carbon emission factor for the i-th mode of transportation, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton-kilometer (kgCO2e / t km);

[0283] The second level consists of annual carbon emission accounting for specific categories of electrical equipment and annual carbon emission accounting for specific suppliers.

[0284] S200 Accounting Year Carbon Emissions Accounting for Specific Categories of Electrical Equipment

[0285] A method for calculating the annual carbon emissions of a specific category of electrical equipment is established based on the carbon footprint values ​​of specific products from specific suppliers, combined with procurement data. The details are as follows:

[0286] E i =∑ j P i，j ×A i ×E i，j Formula (9)

[0287] E i— Carbon emissions of Class i electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0288] P i,j —The purchase volume of the j-th supplier of the i-th type of electrical equipment in a specific year. The statistical quantity can be in rolls, pieces, tons, meters, etc.

[0289] A i —Conversion factor from statistical unit to declared unit for the procurement of Class i electrical equipment products;

[0290] E i,j —The carbon footprint of Class i electrical equipment products provided by the jth supplier, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent / declared units (kgCO2e / declared units);

[0291] S300 Accounting Annual Carbon Emissions Calculation for Specific Suppliers

[0292] A method for calculating the annual carbon emissions of a specific supplier is established based on the carbon footprint value of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier, combined with procurement data. The details are as follows:

[0293] E j =∑ i P i，j ×A i ×E i，j Formula (10)

[0294] Ej — Carbon emissions from the j-th supplier, in kilograms of CO2 equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0295] P i,j —The purchase volume of the j-th supplier of the i-th type of electrical equipment in a specific year. The statistical quantity can be in rolls, pieces, tons, meters, etc.

[0296] A i —Conversion factor from statistical unit to declared unit for the procurement of Class i electrical equipment products;

[0297] E i,j —The carbon footprint of Class i electrical equipment products supplied by supplier j, in kilograms of CO2 equivalent / declared units (kgCO2e / declared units).

[0298] The third level is the annual carbon emission accounting for specific categories of electrical equipment (such as power transmission and transformation equipment manufacturers, which can be further subdivided into cables, transformers, towers, switchgear, etc.):

[0299] S400 carbon emission accounting for specific electrical product categories in the accounting year

[0300] E k =∑i E i Formula (11)

[0301] E k — Carbon emissions of electrical equipment products in category k, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0302] E i — Carbon emissions of the i-th subcategory of electrical equipment under the k-th major category of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0303] The fourth level is the overall carbon emission accounting of the power grid company's supply chain:

[0304] E 供应链 =∑ k E k =∑ j E j Formula (12)

[0305] E 供应链 —Annual carbon emissions from the power grid company's supply chain, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0306] E k — Carbon emissions of electrical equipment products in category k, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0307] E j — Carbon emissions from the j-th supplier, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0308] Technical effects:

[0309] The carbon emission accounting method and system for the power grid enterprise supply chain proposed in the above embodiments have the following technical advantages:

[0310] First, the above embodiments establish a scientific and standardized hierarchical accounting system. By refining supply chain carbon emissions to the levels of suppliers, categories, and products, and by standardizing the accounting boundaries and calculation formulas for each level, the accuracy and comparability of the accounting results are greatly improved. Compared with the traditional holistic accounting method, hierarchical accounting can more precisely depict the carbon emission status of each link in the supply chain, making it easier for companies to identify emission hotspots and formulate targeted emission reduction measures.

[0311] Secondly, the above embodiments achieve the integration and sharing of carbon emission data across suppliers and product categories. By collecting, reviewing, and summarizing the product carbon footprint data submitted by various suppliers, an enterprise-level carbon emission database can be established, providing comprehensive and timely data support for supply chain carbon management. Based on this, enterprises can carry out management actions such as supplier carbon emission benchmarking, identifying key emission reduction categories, and evaluating the effectiveness of emission reduction measures, effectively promoting carbon emission reduction in the supply chain.

[0312] Furthermore, the above embodiments provide a systematic solution for supply chain carbon management. Compared to carbon accounting, carbon management places higher demands on enterprises' digital capabilities. The above embodiments, by developing a supply chain carbon emission management system, integrate functions such as carbon accounting, carbon reporting, and carbon reduction strategy evaluation, forming a complete closed-loop management process. The system has functional modules such as data acquisition, a calculation engine, and report output, with a high level of automation and low manpower costs required for management.

[0313] Finally, the above embodiments have broad application prospects. More and more enterprises are facing pressure to reduce carbon emissions in their supply chains. However, one of the main obstacles hindering corporate action is the lack of mature and operational carbon accounting and management methods. The above embodiments, based on the characteristics of the power grid enterprise supply chain, propose a practical and feasible technical route. Furthermore, the above embodiments have a certain degree of versatility and, with appropriate adjustments, can also be used by enterprises in other industries.

[0314] In summary, the carbon emission accounting method and system for power grid enterprise supply chain provided by the above-described embodiments have significant effects in standardizing accounting, supporting management, and enabling emission reduction. They are of great value for realizing the low-carbon transformation of the power grid and even the entire national economy, and have good economic and social benefits.

[0315] The second embodiment of this application relates to a carbon emission accounting system for a power grid enterprise supply chain, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain includes:

[0316] This module calculates the carbon footprint (E) of a specific category of electrical equipment supplied by a specific supplier, using the "cradle to gate" accounting boundary within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework. i,j Calculate according to the following formula (1):

[0317] E i，j =E 原材料获取 +E 产品生产 +E 产品运输 (1)

[0318] in,

[0319] E 原材料获取 E产品生产 and E 产品运输 These are the carbon emissions from the raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and product transportation stages, respectively.

[0320] The annual carbon emission Ei calculation module for a specific category of electrical equipment i is used to calculate the carbon footprint Ei of a specific category of electrical equipment supplied by a specific supplier. i,j Combined with purchase volume data P i,j The carbon emissions Ei of a specific electrical equipment category i in the year are calculated using the conversion factor Ai of the purchasing unit, according to the following formula (9):

[0321] E i =∑ j P i，j ×A i ×E i，j (9)

[0322] in,

[0323] P i,j The purchase volume of Class i electrical equipment products from the j-th supplier in a specific year;

[0324] Ai is the conversion factor from the statistical unit to the declared unit for the procurement of electrical equipment products of the i-th category;

[0325] Carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year j The calculation module is used to calculate the carbon footprint (E) of a specific category of electrical equipment from a specific supplier. i,j Based on the annual procurement data for specific product categories, the carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year are calculated according to the following formula (10). j :

[0326] E j =∑ i P i，j ×A i ×E i，j (10)

[0327] Annual carbon emissions E of specific electrical equipment category k k The summary module is used to summarize the data according to each category k of electrical equipment and calculate the annual carbon emissions E of a specific category k of electrical equipment according to the following formula (11). k :

[0328] E k =∑ i E i (i∈k) (11)

[0329] The annual total carbon emissions E of the power grid company's supply chain is calculated using a supply chain module, which is used to calculate the carbon emissions E of various electrical equipment categories. kThe total annual carbon emissions of the power grid company's supply chain, E_supply chain, are obtained by summing up the data and calculating it according to the following formula (12):

[0330] E 供应链 =∑ k E k =∑ j E j (12).

[0331] The first embodiment is a method embodiment corresponding to this embodiment. The technical details in the first embodiment can be applied to this embodiment, and the technical details in this embodiment can also be applied to the first embodiment.

[0332] It should be noted that those skilled in the art should understand that the functions of each module shown in the above-described implementation of the carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain can be understood with reference to the relevant description of the carbon emission accounting method for the power grid enterprise supply chain. The functions of each module shown in the above-described implementation of the carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain can be implemented by a program (executable instructions) running on a processor, or by specific logic circuits. If the above-described carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. Thus, the embodiments of this application are not limited to any specific hardware and software combination.

[0333] Accordingly, this application also provides a computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the various method implementations of this application.

[0334] Furthermore, this application also provides a carbon emission accounting system for a power grid enterprise supply chain, including a memory for storing computer-executable instructions and a processor; the processor is used to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments when executing the computer-executable instructions in the memory. The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The aforementioned memory can be read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0335] It should be noted that in the application documents of this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. In the application documents of this application, if it refers to performing an action according to an element, it means performing the action at least according to that element, including two cases: performing the action only according to that element, and performing the action according to that element and other elements. Expressions such as "multiple," "repeatedly," and "various" include two, two times, two kinds, and more than two, more than two times, and more than two kinds.

[0336] All documents mentioned in this application are considered to be incorporated in their entirety into the disclosure of this application so that they can serve as a basis for modifications if necessary. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the foregoing disclosure of this application, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to this application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A method for carbon emission accounting in the supply chain of a power grid enterprise, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework, using cradle-to-gate as the accounting boundary, calculate the carbon footprint of the i-th type of electrical equipment products provided by the j-th supplier. Calculate according to the following formula (1): in, , and These represent carbon emissions during the raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and product transportation stages, respectively. The Calculate according to the following formula (2): in, Carbon emissions generated from the production of various raw materials consumed in the production of electrical equipment products; Carbon emissions generated from energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials; The Calculate according to the following formula (3): in, For the first Consumption of various raw materials; For the first Carbon footprint factor of raw materials; For the product The proportion of recycled materials used in this type of material; To achieve raw materials Quality requirements regarding carbon emissions generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials; For the first The allocation coefficient of various recycled materials, where closed-loop recycling is used. When the value is 1, it indicates a complete downgrade and recycling. =0; This represents the number of types of raw materials; The Calculate according to the following formula (4): in, For the first Carbon emissions generated from the production of this type of fuel; For the first Carbon emissions from the combustion of various fuels; Carbon emissions generated during the purchase of electricity for raw material transportation; The Calculate according to the following formula (5): in, For the first The average lower heating value of the fuel; For the first Net consumption of this type of fuel; For the first The carbon content per unit calorific value of a fuel; For the first Carbon oxidation rate of the fuel; It is the ratio of the relative molecular masses of carbon dioxide to carbon. Global warming potential is used to measure the greenhouse effect intensity of different greenhouse gases relative to carbon dioxide. S2: Product carbon footprint based on step S1 Accounting for specific categories of electrical equipment in the annual accounting period carbon emissions Calculate according to the following formula (9): in, For a specific year Supplier procurement Purchase volume of electrical equipment products; For the first Conversion factor from statistical unit to declaration unit for the procurement of electrical equipment products; S3: Product carbon footprint obtained from step S1 And the purchase quantity in step S2, to calculate the specific year's first Carbon emissions of each supplier Calculate according to the following formula (10): S4: Category carbon emissions obtained from step S2 According to the major category of electrical equipment To compile and calculate the major categories of electrical equipment for a specific year. carbon emissions Calculate according to the following formula (11): S5: Calculate the carbon emissions of each major category of electrical equipment obtained in step S4. By summarizing the data, we can obtain the total annual carbon emissions of the power grid company's supply chain. Calculate according to the following formula (12): 。 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Carbon emissions during the product manufacturing stage in step S1 Calculate according to the following formula (7): in, For the first Carbon emissions from non-electric energy consumption, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent; For the first stage of the production process The carbon emissions produced by the combustion of a certain fuel, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent; The carbon emissions generated during the purchase of electricity for product manufacturing are expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent. Waste generated during the production phase The amount of waste processed using different disposal methods; For the production stage Carbon emission factors of similar disposal methods; The first type of direct emissions generated during the production process, excluding fuel combustion. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions, expressed in kilograms; For the first Carbon emission coefficients of greenhouse gases; This refers to the number of types of non-electric energy and fuels. This represents the number of waste disposal methods.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Calculate according to the following formula (6): in, Electricity consumption of new energy vehicles during raw material transportation, in kilowatt-hours; This is the carbon emission factor for electricity, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Carbon emissions during the product transportation stage in step S1 Calculate according to the following formula (8): in, To declare the quality of electrical equipment products corresponding to the unit, the unit is tons; For the first The average transport distance for each mode of transport, expressed in kilometers; For the first Carbon emission factor for each mode of transportation, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton-kilometer; This represents the number of different modes of transportation.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical equipment categories include one or more of cables, transformers, towers, and switchgear, and the types of electrical equipment categories are determined with reference to the power grid enterprise procurement classification standards.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the electrical equipment category is cable, the cable is further classified according to voltage level as follows: low voltage cable, voltage level of 1kV and below; medium voltage cable, voltage level of 1kV and above to 35kV; and high voltage cable, voltage level of 35kV and above.

7. A carbon emission accounting system for a power grid enterprise supply chain, characterized in that, include: A module for calculating the carbon footprint of electrical equipment products from a specific supplier for a specific category is used to calculate the carbon footprint of electrical equipment of category i from supplier j, within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework, using cradle-to-gate as the accounting boundary. Calculate according to the following formula (1): in, , and These represent carbon emissions during the raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and product transportation stages, respectively. The Calculate according to the following formula (2): in, Carbon emissions generated from the production of various raw materials consumed in the production of electrical equipment products; Carbon emissions generated from energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials; The Calculate according to the following formula (3): in, For the first Consumption of various raw materials; For the first Carbon footprint factor of raw materials; For the product The proportion of recycled materials used in this type of material; To achieve raw materials Quality requirements regarding carbon emissions generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials; For the first The allocation coefficient of various recycled materials, where closed-loop recycling is used. When the value is 1, it indicates a complete downgrade and recycling. =0; This represents the number of types of raw materials; The Calculate according to the following formula (4): in, For the first Carbon emissions generated from the production of this type of fuel; For the first Carbon emissions from the combustion of various fuels; Carbon emissions generated during the purchase of electricity for raw material transportation; The Calculate according to the following formula (5): in, For the first The average lower heating value of the fuel; For the first Net consumption of this type of fuel; For the first The carbon content per unit calorific value of a fuel; For the first Carbon oxidation rate of the fuel; It is the ratio of the relative molecular masses of carbon dioxide to carbon. Global warming potential is used to measure the greenhouse effect intensity of different greenhouse gases relative to carbon dioxide. Annual specific electrical equipment category carbon emissions A calculation module is used to calculate the carbon footprint of the product. Accounting for specific categories of electrical equipment in the annual accounting period carbon emissions Calculate according to the following formula (9): in, For a specific year Supplier procurement Purchase volume of electrical equipment products; For the first Conversion factor from statistical unit to declaration unit for the procurement of electrical equipment products; Specific year Carbon emissions of each supplier The calculation module is used to calculate the first year of a specific year according to the following formula (10). Carbon emissions of each supplier : Annual Specific Electrical Equipment Category carbon emissions The summary module is used to categorize electrical equipment by its carbon emissions. The data is compiled and the annual specific electrical equipment categories are calculated according to the following formula (11). carbon emissions : Total annual carbon emissions from the power grid company's supply chain The calculation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions of various categories of electrical equipment. By summarizing the data, we can obtain the total annual carbon emissions of the power grid company's supply chain. Calculate according to the following formula (12): 。

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