Efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking of southern region prunus americana

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of southern region plum fruit cracking prevention efficient management method, it is related to plum planting management technical field.The method is suitable for plum fruit tree of 4 years and above age, including: pruning, fertilization management, water management, control shoot management.The application is integrated by various management techniques and environmental control techniques, combined with soil moisture monitoring instrument, effectively adjusts greenhouse height and mulching time, uses multiple small amount, targeted fertilizer application strategy, and simple pruning technique, scientifically solves the problem of fruit cracking, ensures the stability of fruit quality and yield.Through pruning, fertilization, water management simple greenhouse, chemical water-retaining agent and other comprehensive measures to achieve the desired goal, the method effectively reduces the fruit cracking caused by rainfall, ensures fruit yield and quality, thereby improving economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green plum planting and management technology, specifically to an efficient management method for preventing green plums from cracking in southern regions. Background Technology

[0002] Green plums are mainly distributed in southern regions such as Sichuan and Chongqing. Originating in Sichuan, China, they are widely cultivated, especially in Maoxian County of Sichuan, Wanzhou District of Chongqing, and Aba Prefecture of Sichuan. Although the planting area of ​​green plums is gradually expanding, due to the limitations of the natural environment in the planting areas, the fruit ripening and market season coincides with the rainy season. During the ripening period, excessive water absorption by rainfall leads to fruit cracking and fruit drop, causing serious economic losses. At the same time, there is a lack of refined management measures to prevent fruit cracking during the rainy season.

[0003] Currently, there is a lack of management methods suitable for preventing fruit cracking and ensuring yield and quality improvement in plum orchards in the hot and rainy southern regions. There is a lack of reasonable arrangements for how to build greenhouses with reasonable height that have a small impact on production and low economic investment, as well as how to protect against rain and apply fertilizer. This invention studies the rainfall and growth conditions of green plum trees in the south to avoid fruit cracking and yield reduction caused by rainfall. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking in green plums in southern regions, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, effectively reduce fruit cracking caused by rainfall, ensure fruit yield and quality, and thus improve economic benefits.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A highly efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking in crisp plums in southern regions, targeting plum trees aged 4 years and above, specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] A. Fruit tree pruning: Winter pruning is carried out annually 10-15 days after the tree has completely gone dormant, i.e., after leaf fall. The main tree shape is an open-center shape, with 3-5 main branches on the trunk, staggered and spaced 10-15cm apart. Short fruiting branches are retained on the main branches, and the main branches are at an angle of about 30°-40° to the trunk. 2-3 lateral branches are retained on each main branch, distributed on both sides of the main branch and extending diagonally outward. The first lateral branch is 60cm from the trunk, and the second lateral branch is 30-40cm from the first lateral branch. The lateral branches are evenly distributed on both sides to avoid crossing and disrupting the tree shape. Fruiting branch groups are cultivated on the lateral branches. The trunk height is about 40-60cm, and the tree height is 2.5-3.0m, which solves the problem of light penetration inside the tree and limits the overall tree height.

[0008] B. Fertilizer Management: Apply base fertilizer from fruit harvest to leaf fall (before mid-November), using 3-5 kg / plant of organic fertilizer + 0.5-0.6 kg / plant of conventional urea + 0.2-0.3 kg / plant of slow-release urea; apply bud-germinating fertilizer 10-15 days before spring buds sprout; apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer 40-55 days before fruit harvest; both bud-germinating and fruit-strengthening fertilizers are high-potassium compound fertilizers, with a dosage of 0.1-0.3 kg per plant; spray calcium fertilizer 15-20 days before fruit harvest, at a concentration of 0.1%-0.2%.

[0009] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is a humic acid organic fertilizer or an acidic compost such as vegetable waste (pH < 7).

[0010] Furthermore, the controlled-release urea has a release cycle of 30-60 days, and the total nitrogen provided by the base fertilizer accounts for 60-80% of the annual total, while the nitrogen provided by the controlled-release urea accounts for 20-30% of the annual total.

[0011] Furthermore, the potassium content of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is ≥20%.

[0012] Furthermore, the calcium fertilizer is chelated calcium or amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer.

[0013] Furthermore, the base fertilizer is applied in trenches with a trench depth of 0.3-0.5m.

[0014] C. Moisture Management:

[0015] C-1 Facility Cultivation: Greenhouse management is preferred. The greenhouse is an open-style steel-frame structure, which includes uprights, support columns, side columns, pressure rods, arched roofs, and rainproof film. The uprights are arranged in rows and columns according to the management spacing of the plum trees, ensuring that the fruit trees are 30-50cm away from the top of the greenhouse. The greenhouse height is 4-4.5m, and only the top of the greenhouse is covered with film. Soil moisture monitoring instruments mainly measure soil moisture content and air humidity. The soil moisture content range is 10%-25%. After the fruit hardening stage, if the soil moisture content is higher than 25% and the moisture fluctuation range exceeds 5%, mulching measures are taken. If it is lower than 10%, appropriate irrigation is required.

[0016] C-2 Open-field cultivation: Without using greenhouses or other facilities, apply 30-50 g of water-retaining agent per tree, and sow 80-100 g of green manure per tree within 15-30 cm from the trunk to the drip line. Cover the ground with mulch within 15-30 cm from the trunk to the drip line.

[0017] Furthermore, the water-retaining agent includes, but is not limited to, materials such as polyacrylamide and superabsorbent resin that have the properties of absorbing and storing water and are non-polluting.

[0018] Furthermore, the green manure includes, but is not limited to, winter green manure such as vetch.

[0019] Furthermore, the mulch film is made of PE and is a double-sided film with a thickness greater than 0.02 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, both methods involve setting up irrigation ditches 40-50cm deep and 20-30cm wide according to the terrain. The soil is raised around the tree roots at a 10-15° angle to the ground, and the height of the raised soil layer does not exceed the rootstock interface.

[0021] D. Shoot control management: Manually remove shoots and buds in mid-March; or use chemical shoot control agents such as paclobutrazol, ethephon, uniconazole, mepiquat chloride, and chlormequat chloride when the shoots are 3-5cm long.

[0022] Compared with existing methods, its measures are more targeted and specific, as follows:

[0023] (1) The pruning method provided by the present invention ensures the fruit load, avoids excessive growth of spring shoots in the following year, and ensures suitable facility cultivation.

[0024] (2) The base fertilizer mentioned in step B of this invention is applied after fruit harvest and before leaf fall to restore tree vigor and improve tree resistance; at the same time, this period is the peak period of root growth, which can promote root growth, store nutrients, and prepare for flower bud differentiation in the second year. The stable release of nitrogen fertilizer ensures that the fruit has sufficient nutrients for expansion.

[0025] (3) The suitable pH range for plum trees is 6.5-7. After long-term management, the soil gradually becomes alkaline, which will lead to iron deficiency and yellowing of leaves. This invention uses humic acid organic fertilizer or acidic farmyard manure and vegetable waste to effectively improve the soil and achieve sustainable production.

[0026] (4) The present invention provides small farmers with an effective option to reduce costs by dividing the core anti-cracking measures into facility cultivation and open-field cultivation.

[0027] (5) This invention clarifies the effective height and covering time in greenhouse construction, saves construction costs, avoids excessive impact of greenhouse on fruit quality, and ensures the effect of preventing fruit cracking.

[0028] (6) The shoot control method described in step D of the present invention is to remove the excessive growth of fruit trees, avoid excessive consumption of nutrients by the excessive growth of fruit trees, ensure the supply of nutrients to the fruit, and provide a reasonable harvesting environment.

[0029] (7) The measures provided by this invention can control the fruit cracking rate to below 10% and 45% under facility cultivation and open-field cultivation conditions.

[0030] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] This invention provides an efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking in crisp plums in southern regions. By integrating multiple management and environmental control technologies, it significantly reduces the fruit cracking rate during the ripening period, increases fruit yield, and ensures fruit quality. The method achieves its intended goals through comprehensive measures including pruning, fertilization, water management in simple greenhouses, and chemical water-retaining agents. It effectively reduces fruit cracking caused by rainfall, ensuring fruit yield and quality, thereby improving economic benefits.

[0032] This invention, by combining soil moisture monitoring instruments, effectively adjusts greenhouse height and mulching time, scientifically solving the problem of fruit cracking and ensuring the stability of fruit quality and yield. Through systematic water management, utilizing facilities, terrain, ditches, green manure, and water-retaining agents, it effectively controls soil moisture content and canopy humidity, effectively preventing fruit cracking caused by rainy season rainfall. Regarding fertilization management, this invention employs a strategy of multiple small applications of targeted fertilizers, along with simple pruning techniques, aiming to increase yield, ensure quality, and reduce the risk of fruit cracking. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of soil moisture monitoring in a steel-framed greenhouse;

[0034] Figure 2 This is the soil moisture situation under the integrated management of facility cultivation in Example 1.

[0035] Figure 3 To compare the soil moisture conditions under the management measures of Example 1 in open-field cultivation;

[0036] Figure 4 This is to show the soil moisture situation of the two farmers under the condition of no rain protection. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A highly efficient management method for preventing fruit cracking in crisp plums in southern regions prioritizes greenhouse management and applies the following management practices to crisp plum trees aged 4 years and above:

[0041] A. Fruit tree pruning: Winter pruning is carried out annually 10-15 days after the tree has fully entered dormancy, i.e., after leaf fall. The main tree shape is an open-center shape, with 3-5 main branches on the trunk, staggered and spaced 10-15cm apart. Short fruiting branches are retained on the main branches, and the main branches are at an angle of about 30°-40° to the trunk. 2-3 lateral branches are retained on each main branch, distributed on both sides of the main branch and extending diagonally outward. The first lateral branch is 60cm away from the trunk, and the second lateral branch is 30-40cm away from the first lateral branch. The lateral branches are evenly distributed on both sides to avoid crossing and disrupting the tree shape. Fruiting branch groups are cultivated on the lateral branches. The trunk height is about 40-60cm, and the tree height is 2.5-3.0m, which solves the problem of light penetration inside the tree and limits the overall tree height.

[0042] B. Fertilizer Management: Apply base fertilizer from fruit harvest to leaf fall (before mid-November), using 3-5 kg / plant of organic fertilizer + 0.5-0.6 kg / plant of conventional urea + 0.2-0.3 kg / plant of slow-release urea; apply bud-germinating fertilizer 10-15 days before spring buds sprout; apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer 40-55 days before fruit harvest; both bud-germinating and fruit-strengthening fertilizers are high-potassium compound fertilizers, with a dosage of 0.1-0.3 kg per plant; spray calcium fertilizer 15-20 days before fruit harvest, at a concentration of 0.1%-0.2%.

[0043] The organic fertilizer is a humic acid-based organic fertilizer or acidic compost such as vegetable waste (pH < 7).

[0044] The controlled-release urea has a release cycle of 30-60 days. The total nitrogen provided by the base fertilizer accounts for 60-80% of the annual total, while the nitrogen provided by the controlled-release urea accounts for 20-30% of the annual total.

[0045] The potassium content of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is ≥20%.

[0046] The calcium fertilizer is chelated calcium or amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer.

[0047] The base fertilizer is applied in trenches with a depth of 0.3-0.5m.

[0048] C. Moisture Management:

[0049] Facility cultivation: Greenhouse management is preferred. The greenhouse is an open-style steel-frame structure, which includes uprights, support columns, side columns, pressure rods, arched roof, and rainproof film. The uprights are arranged in rows and columns according to the management of crisp plums, ensuring that the fruit trees are 30-50cm away from the top of the greenhouse. The greenhouse height is 4-4.5m, and only the top of the greenhouse is covered with film. Soil moisture monitoring instruments mainly measure soil moisture content and air humidity. The soil moisture content range is 10%-25%. After the fruit hardening stage, if the soil moisture content is higher than 25% and the moisture fluctuation range exceeds 5%, mulching measures should be taken. If it is lower than 10%, appropriate irrigation should be carried out.

[0050] Based on the terrain, set up water channels that are 40-50cm deep and 20-30cm wide. Mound soil around the tree roots at a 10-15° angle to the ground, with the height of the mound soil layer not exceeding the rootstock interface.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] A highly efficient management method for preventing cracking in crisp plums in southern regions, without the use of greenhouses, and the following management practices are implemented for crisp plum trees aged 4 years and above:

[0053] A. Fruit tree pruning: Winter pruning is carried out annually 10-15 days after the tree has fully entered dormancy, i.e., after leaf fall. The main tree shape is an open-center shape, with 3-5 main branches on the trunk, staggered and spaced 10-15cm apart. Short fruiting branches are retained on the main branches, and the main branches are at an angle of about 30°-40° to the trunk. 2-3 lateral branches are retained on each main branch, distributed on both sides of the main branch and extending diagonally outward. The first lateral branch is 60cm away from the trunk, and the second lateral branch is 30-40cm away from the first lateral branch. The lateral branches are evenly distributed on both sides to avoid crossing and disrupting the tree shape. Fruiting branch groups are cultivated on the lateral branches. The trunk height is about 40-60cm, and the tree height is 2.5-3.0m, which solves the problem of light penetration inside the tree and limits the overall tree height.

[0054] B. Fertilizer Management: Apply base fertilizer from fruit harvest to leaf fall (before mid-November), using 3-5 kg / plant of organic fertilizer + 0.5-0.6 kg / plant of conventional urea + 0.2-0.3 kg / plant of slow-release urea; apply bud-germinating fertilizer 10-15 days before spring buds sprout; apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer 40-55 days before fruit harvest; both bud-germinating and fruit-strengthening fertilizers are high-potassium compound fertilizers, with a dosage of 0.1-0.3 kg per plant; spray calcium fertilizer 15-20 days before fruit harvest, at a concentration of 0.1%-0.2%.

[0055] The organic fertilizer is a humic acid-based organic fertilizer or acidic compost such as vegetable waste (pH < 7).

[0056] The controlled-release urea has a release cycle of 30-60 days. The total nitrogen provided by the base fertilizer accounts for 60-80% of the annual total, while the nitrogen provided by the controlled-release urea accounts for 20-30% of the annual total.

[0057] The potassium content of the high-potassium compound fertilizer is ≥20%.

[0058] The calcium fertilizer is chelated calcium or amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer.

[0059] The base fertilizer is applied in trenches with a depth of 0.3-0.5m.

[0060] C. Moisture Management:

[0061] Open field cultivation: Without using greenhouses or other facilities, apply 30-50 g of water-retaining agent per tree, and sow 80-100 g of green manure per tree within 15-30 cm from the trunk of the fruit tree to the drip line. Cover the ground with mulch within 15-30 cm from the trunk of the fruit tree to the drip line.

[0062] The agricultural water-retaining agent is made of materials such as polyacrylamide and superabsorbent resin, which have the properties of absorbing and storing water and are pollution-free.

[0063] The green manure used is winter green manure such as vetch.

[0064] The mulch film is made of PE and is a double-sided film with a thickness greater than 0.02 mm.

[0065] Both methods involve setting up irrigation ditches 40-50cm deep and 20-30cm wide according to the terrain. The soil is raised around the tree roots at an angle of 10-15° to the ground, and the height of the raised soil layer does not exceed the rootstock interface.

[0066] D. Shoot control management: Manually remove shoots and buds in mid-March; or use chemical shoot control agents such as paclobutrazol, ethephon, uniconazole, mepiquat chloride, and chlormequat chloride when the shoots are 3-5cm long.

[0067] Comparative Example 2

[0068] The management of the green plums adopts the standard methods used by local management households, with daily management primarily handled by households possessing above-average local management experience. Some key technical points are as follows:

[0069] The control group underwent routine pruning, mainly in winter, removing diseased, weak, and overly dense branches. There were no specific regulations on the number and length of branches to be retained on the mother branches. The main purpose of pruning was to maintain the tree shape and remove unhealthy branches.

[0070] Ordinary balanced compound fertilizer is applied only after fruit harvest or before bud break, with the amount of fertilizer applied based on the farmer's experience, and pesticides are applied according to traditional management methods.

[0071] The control group did not use greenhouses and adopted open-air management.

[0072] Application Example 1

[0073] Experimental location: Orchard of Kuilv Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Yanshan Village, Jiagao Town, Fengjie County, Chongqing.

[0074] Experimental subjects: Green plum orchards managed for 4 years or more. This experiment selected Green plum trees aged 8-9 years, and the selected trees were all managed in the same year. 30 trees with similar crown widths were selected as experimental samples. 10 trees were selected for each experiment in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. All experiments were conducted in the same management base and were conducted on the same batch of trees managed in the same year. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 did not use greenhouses, while Example 1 did.

[0075] Also considered are fruit cracking rate, fruit quality (size, sugar-acid ratio, vitamin C), and yield. Data is collected through regular monitoring and comprehensive assessment during the fruit harvest season.

[0076] The experimental data for Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 (unit price 3.5 yuan / jin) are shown in Table 1:

[0077] Table 1

[0078] Fruit cracking rate 3.29％ 42.3％ 80.75％ solid acid ratio 5.98％ 6.48％ 4.92％ Yield (per plant) 31.1kg 14.2kg 4.6kg Profit (Company) 217.7 yuan 99.4 yuan 32.2 yuan

[0079] According to the results in Table 1, Example 1, employing targeted management measures such as optimized pruning, fertilization, water management, and the use of greenhouses, significantly improved fruit quality and yield, with yields approximately 3 times and 6 times that of the control group, respectively. In contrast, Comparative Example 1, lacking targeted rain shelters, experienced higher fruit cracking rates and more fruit drop, resulting in lower yields, despite water control measures, especially during the long rainy season with heavy rainfall. Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2: The low fruit cracking rate reflects the excellent results achieved by the comprehensive management control measures of the invented method, particularly the use of greenhouses, which reduced the fruit cracking rate by 36%-39% compared to the open-field measures in Comparative Example 1, and by 74%-77% compared to the farmer's conventional management practices in Comparative Example 2. Comparative Example 1 showed a nearly 40% reduction compared to Comparative Example 2, demonstrating the positive impact of improved management measures on reducing fruit cracking and increasing yield. In Comparative Example 2, the traditional management methods resulted in insufficient water management, leading to a high fruit cracking rate and severely impacting economic benefits. Regarding fruit quality (solid-to-acid ratio), due to the optimization of nutrient supply and growth environment, the fruit quality in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is superior to that in Comparative Example 2, with a solid-to-acid ratio 10%-30% higher than that in Comparative Example 2. Due to guaranteed yield, the economic value of the fruit from the comprehensive rain-sheltered treatment is RMB 118.3 per tree compared to improved management measures, and approximately RMB 180 per tree compared to no rain-sheltered treatment.

[0080] Soil moisture content measurement results

[0081] Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 clearly demonstrate that, in terms of soil moisture control, the facility is superior to the open field, which is superior to no rain protection. For detailed results, please refer to... Figure 2-4When the weather forecast indicates continuous showers, heavy rain, or strong winds of level 3 or above, open-air measures are less effective than greenhouse measures in preventing rain and fruit cracking. In mountainous areas where the weather is unpredictable, their effectiveness is still significantly less than that of facilities.

[0082] The above comparison clearly demonstrates the significant advantages of the method of the present invention compared to traditional management methods, and how specific management measures can effectively improve the yield and quality of green plums.

[0083] The above description is a detailed description of a more feasible embodiment of the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient management method for preventing cracking of green plums in southern regions, targeting green plum trees aged 4 years and above, including: A. Fruit tree pruning: Winter pruning is carried out annually 10-15 days after the tree has completely gone dormant, i.e., after leaf fall. The main tree shape is an open-center shape, with 3-5 main branches on the trunk, staggered and spaced 10-15cm apart. Short fruiting branches are retained on the main branches, and the main branches are at an angle of 30°-40° to the trunk. 2-3 lateral branches are retained on each main branch, distributed on both sides of the main branch and extending obliquely outward. The first lateral branch is 60cm from the trunk, and the second lateral branch is 30-40cm from the first lateral branch. The lateral branches are evenly distributed on both sides, and fruiting branch groups are cultivated on the lateral branches. The trunk height is 40-60cm, and the tree height is 2.5-3.0m. B. Fertilizer management: Apply base fertilizer after fruit harvest and before leaf fall, i.e., before mid-November; apply sprouting fertilizer 10-15 days before spring buds sprout; apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer 40-55 days before fruit harvest; and spray calcium fertilizer 15-20 days before fruit harvest. C. Water Management: C-1 Facility Cultivation: Coordinated management using greenhouses and soil moisture monitoring instruments. Greenhouse height is 4-4.5m, with fruit trees 30-50cm from the top. Only the top of the greenhouse is covered with film. Moisture monitoring includes soil moisture content and air humidity. Soil moisture content should be between 10% and 25%. After the fruit hardening stage, if the soil moisture content is higher than 25% and the moisture fluctuation range exceeds 5%, mulching measures should be taken. If the moisture content is lower than 10%, appropriate irrigation should be carried out. C-2 Open-field cultivation: Water-retaining agents and green manure are used in synergistic management, and the ground is covered with mulch. D. Shoot control management: Manually remove shoots and buds in mid-March; or use chemical shoot control agents when shoots are 3-5cm long; among which: The standard for applying base fertilizer in step B is as follows: Apply 3-5 kg / plant of organic fertilizer + 0.5-0.6 kg / plant of conventional urea + 0.2-0.3 kg / plant of slow-release urea. The organic fertilizer should be humic acid organic fertilizer or acidic compost with a pH of 6 < pH < 7. Apply the base fertilizer in trenches with a depth of 0.3-0.5 m. The total nitrogen provided by the base fertilizer accounts for 60-80% of the annual total. The slow-release urea has a release period of 30-60 days and provides 20-30% of the annual total nitrogen. The application standard for the sprouting fertilizer is as follows: apply 0.1-0.3 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant, with a potassium content of ≥20%; The standard for applying the fruit-enhancing fertilizer is: 0.1-0.3 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant; The application standard for calcium fertilizer is: 0.1%-0.2% chelated calcium or amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer.

2. The efficient management method according to claim 1, wherein: The water management requirements in step C are as follows: set up water channels that are 40-50cm deep and 20-30cm wide according to the terrain, and mound soil around the tree roots at an angle of 10-15° to the ground with the tree roots as the center. The height of the mound soil layer should not exceed the rootstock interface.

3. The efficient management method according to claim 1, wherein: The greenhouse described in step C-1 is an open-type greenhouse with a steel frame structure, including uprights, support columns, side columns, pressure rods, arched roof, and rainproof film installed on the ground; the uprights are arranged in columns and rows according to the management of brittle plums.

4. The efficient management method according to claim 1, wherein: The amount of water-retaining agent used in step C-2 is 30-50g per fruit tree; The amount of green manure used for management is 80-100g per tree, and the sowing area is within 15-30cm from the trunk of the fruit tree to the drip line. The surface mulch coverage area is within 15-30cm from the trunk of the fruit tree to the drip line.

5. The efficient management method according to claim 4, wherein: The water-retaining agent mentioned in step C-2 includes: polyacrylamide and superabsorbent resin; The green manure used is winter green manure; The surface covering is a double-sided film.

6. The efficient management method according to claim 1, wherein: The drugs mentioned in step D include: paclobutrazol, ethephon, uniconazole, mepiquat chloride, and chlormequat chloride.

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