Water body treatment equipment and method with solid-liquid fungicide slow release

Abstract

This invention provides a water treatment device and method with a solid-liquid bacterial agent slow-release mechanism, including a support system, a lower cultivation chamber, an upper cultivation chamber, an aeration system, a control system, and a control system. The device utilizes jet and microporous aeration, employing a Y-shaped inclined tee structure to reduce sediment agitation and achieve water circulation, increasing dissolved oxygen levels and enhancing the water's self-purification capacity. By designing a categorized slow-release method and device, combined with air stones to activate bacterial agent metabolism, the bacterial agent is continuously and evenly mixed into the small watershed, ensuring effective treatment of micro-pollution. For small watershed cyanobacterial blooms, the optimal bacterial agent package is configured to enhance treatment efficiency. An intelligent, integrated control system is established, deploying sensors to monitor key parameters such as water quality, water level, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Without manual intervention, the system automatically and precisely controls the bacterial agent's release, improving treatment efficiency and avoiding resource waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment, specifically to a water treatment device and method with a slow-release solid-liquid bacterial agent. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of global industrialization and urbanization, water pollution has become increasingly serious, especially the micro-pollution control of small watersheds, which has become an urgent problem to be solved. As an important component of aquatic ecosystems, the water quality of small watersheds directly affects the ecological health of downstream rivers, lakes, and even oceans. However, due to the characteristics of small watersheds, such as small flow, weak self-purification capacity, and dispersed pollution sources, traditional centralized wastewater treatment technologies are insufficient to effectively address their complex pollution conditions. The superposition of multiple pollution sources, including industrial wastewater, agricultural non-point source pollution, domestic sewage, and initial rainwater, leads to excessive concentrations of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, COD (chemical oxygen demand), and total phosphorus in small watersheds, resulting in frequent eutrophication and black and odorous water phenomena, seriously threatening the balance of aquatic ecosystems and human health.

[0003] Currently, the main technologies for treating small watershed water environments include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods such as filtration and sedimentation can remove some suspended solids, but their effectiveness against dissolved pollutants is limited. Chemical methods such as oxidation and flocculation can rapidly degrade pollutants, but they are prone to secondary pollution and are costly. Biological methods, such as activated sludge and biofilm processes, are gradually becoming mainstream technologies due to their environmental and economic advantages. However, traditional biological methods face challenges in treating micro-pollution in small watersheds, including discontinuous agent dosing, significant environmental influences on microbial community growth, and unstable slow-release effects, making it difficult to achieve long-term, stable water quality improvement. Therefore, developing micro-pollution treatment equipment that adapts to the characteristics of small watershed water environments and possesses highly efficient slow-release agent functions is particularly important.

[0004] In developed countries, river water environment management started earlier. Some European countries have already achieved considerable maturity in physical interception technologies for micro-pollution control. Switzerland, in its Rhine River management, established a comprehensive sewage interception network early on, effectively controlling the input of point source pollution. Regarding ecological restoration, Florida in the United States utilizes large-scale ecological wetlands to purify water bodies, removing pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus from rivers by constructing different types of wetland plant communities. In terms of microbial agent equipment development, Japan is in a leading position. In the management of some small rivers, it has developed highly efficient microbial agents targeting specific pollutants. These agents combine the characteristics of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, simultaneously treating organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in the water. The agents are fixed on biodegradable carriers and slowly released into the water using water flow and aeration systems. Furthermore, the agent dispensing equipment is integrated with a monitoring system, achieving intelligent dispensing and improving treatment efficiency.

[0005] In China, river water environment management has received significant attention in recent years. Regarding physical interception, major cities are vigorously constructing sewage interception networks; for example, Shanghai has continuously improved the coverage of these networks in the management of the Huangpu River and its tributaries. In terms of ecological restoration, many cities have created urban ecological wetlands, such as the Xixi Wetland in Hangzhou, which has played a crucial role in improving regional river water quality. However, my country lags behind in the research and development of microbial agent equipment. In domestic river management projects, the application of microbial agents is mostly limited to laboratory research, with limited development of microbial agent equipment and a lack of practical, large-scale application devices.

[0006] In the future, the treatment of micro-pollution in small watersheds will move towards intelligentization. Both physical interception equipment and ecological restoration systems will utilize IoT technology for intelligent control, automatically adjusting the release of microbial agents and aeration intensity based on water pollution levels to improve treatment efficiency. Integration is also a significant trend, with multiple technologies integrated into a comprehensive treatment system to achieve complementary advantages. This is expected to become an effective solution for treating micro-pollution in aquatic environments, providing technical support for aquatic ecological restoration and water quality improvement.

[0007] Specifically, in situations such as before the river's aquatic ecosystem recovers, after heavy rains, when water flow is poor, or during high-temperature cyanobacterial blooms, bacterial inoculation is an important means of restoring the water body's self-purification capacity. One method is to directly inject bacterial agents into the river. In this case, beneficial bacteria in the river can be quickly and temporarily restored. However, due to water flow and the discontinuous injection of bacterial agents, the removal rate of water indicators cannot be maintained in the long term. Another method is to use slow-release bacterial agent technology. The biggest advantage of this technology is that the bacterial agent reproduces through a carrier (containing culture medium) and is mixed with the medium (pumped water flow or aeration) before entering the river, providing a certain degree of sustainability. However, this technology does not take into account the replenishment of the culture medium or the uncontrollable slow-release rate, resulting in the concentration of the slow-release bacterial agent decreasing over time. At the same time, it does not fully consider the impact of the external environment on the reproduction of bacterial agents, such as river water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, and harmful bacteria. Harsh environments can inhibit or inactivate the reproduction and metabolism of bacterial agents. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water treatment device and method with a slow-release solid-liquid bacterial agent. This device takes into account common adverse environmental factors, can simulate laboratory bacterial agent cultivation conditions, and can slowly release both solid and liquid bacteria. Different cultivation chambers are designed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and acid-producing bacterial agents are also considered. It is a composite bacterial agent self-cultivation slow-release device that basically meets the characteristics of existing water purification bacterial agents on the market. Through an intelligent and integrated control system, the device controls the water inflow and, with periodic addition of culture medium, can continuously, stably, and efficiently release the bacterial agent into the water.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: a water treatment device with a solid-liquid bacterial agent slow release function, comprising:

[0010] The support system includes a float (2) and a biofilm (1). The float (2) is used to provide buoyancy for the equipment and to position it on the riverbed by ropes. The biofilm (1) is used for the bacterial agent to attach and enter the water body with the water flow.

[0011] The lower cultivation chamber (6) is used to cultivate solid microbial agents. It includes an inlet chamber (18), a cultivation chamber A (19), and a cultivation chamber B (20). The inlet chamber (18) is connected to the external water body through a water pump A (3) and is equipped with an ultraviolet lamp (14). The cultivation chamber A (19) and the cultivation chamber B (20) are respectively connected to the inlet chamber (18) through a water outlet pipe (17). Both chambers are equipped with volcanic rock packing (16), an aeration device, and a heating rod (8). The top of the lower cultivation chamber (6) is equipped with a lower cultivation chamber cover (21) and a feeding cover A (15).

[0012] The upper incubation chamber (7) is used to cultivate liquid bacterial agents. The upper incubation chamber (7) is connected to the water inlet chamber (18) through a pipe. The pipe is equipped with a solenoid valve (9) to control the water outlet frequency. The upper incubation chamber (7) is equipped with a culture medium addition tank (24) and an exhaust port (25) at the top and a heating rod (8) at the bottom.

[0013] The aeration system includes an aerator (11) and a novel aeration head (12). The outlet of the aerator (11) is divided into two paths: the first path leads to the cultivation chamber A (19) and the cultivation chamber B (20), and the second path leads to the novel aeration head (12).

[0014] The novel aeration head (12) includes a conical float (29) with a sealed upper end, a cavity (30) with an air outlet in the middle, and a counterweight (31) at the lower end. The cavity (30) with an air outlet is filled with an aerobic bacterial agent pack (34). The bottom of the cavity (30) with an air outlet is connected to a Y-shaped oblique tee (32). The lower part of the Y-shaped oblique tee (32) is provided with a one-way stop valve (33).

[0015] A control system is used to detect the aquatic environment and to process and control the hydrodynamic system, aeration system, and bacterial agent release frequency.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a hydrodynamic system, including a water pump A (3) and a water pump B (22), wherein the water pump A (3) is used to pump external water into the water inlet chamber (18), and the water pump B (22) is used to pump the water in the water inlet chamber (18) to the upper cultivation chamber (7);

[0017] Furthermore, in this invention, the heating rods (8) of the cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20) control the water temperature at 28-32°C, the volcanic rock filler (16) is used for the attachment and reproduction of solid bacterial agents, and the aeration device includes air bubbles (13).

[0018] Furthermore, in this invention, the culture medium addition tank (24) of the upper incubation chamber (7) adds culture medium by gravity flow through liquid level changes, and the heating rod (8) controls the water temperature at 28-32℃, which is suitable for anaerobic bacterial agent cultivation.

[0019] Furthermore, in this invention, the air outlet of the air outlet cavity (30) of the novel aeration head (12) is located 10-30 cm below the water surface. The Y-shaped oblique tee (32) draws water into the air outlet cavity (30) through negative pressure and mixes with the aerobic bacterial agent pack (34) to form a jet that enters the water.

[0020] Furthermore, in this invention, the control system includes a detection end, a processing end, and an execution end;

[0021] The detection end includes the following sensors for real-time monitoring of water body and equipment operating parameters:

[0022] Water quality sensors monitor ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand. One sensor is installed inside the inlet chamber (18) near the inlet of the outlet pipe (17) to monitor the initial water quality entering the cultivation chamber. The other sensor is installed in the target water body, near the air outlet of the new aeration head (12), to monitor the water quality after treatment. The water quality sensors are connected to the junction box via a waterproof cable. The junction box is fixed to the outside of the lower cultivation chamber cover (21). The sensor outputs a 4-20mA analog signal, which is collected by the junction box and then connected to the analog input port of the embedded controller via a shielded cable.

[0023] pH sensors monitor the pH value of the water and the incubation chamber. One sensor is installed in incubation chamber A (19) and fixed on the volcanic rock packing (16). Another sensor is installed in incubation chamber B (20) and fixed on the volcanic rock packing (16). One sensor is installed in the upper incubation chamber (7) and fixed below the culture medium addition tank (24). One sensor is installed in the target water body. Each sensor is connected to the junction box via a dedicated waterproof cable. The junction box is fixed to the outside of the lower incubation chamber cover (21). The sensor outputs an RS485 digital signal, which is converted into a single signal by the RS485 converter module in the junction box and connected to the RS485 interface of the embedded controller via a shielded cable.

[0024] Dissolved oxygen sensor: The dissolved oxygen sensor monitors the dissolved oxygen concentration. One is installed in the cultivation chamber A (19) and fixed on the air stone (13), and one is installed in the cultivation chamber B (20) and fixed on the air stone (13). One is installed in the target water body. The dissolved oxygen sensor is connected to the junction box through a waterproof cable. The junction box is fixed on the outside of the lower cultivation chamber cover (21). It outputs a 4-20mA analog signal, which is collected by the junction box and connected to the analog input port of the embedded controller through a shielded cable.

[0025] Non-contact liquid level sensor (26): Monitors the water level in the cultivation chamber. One is installed on the top of the upper cultivation chamber (7) and fixed next to the exhaust port (25), with the probe pointing downwards and vertically aligned with the water surface. One is installed on the top of the cultivation chamber A (19) and fixed inside the lower cultivation chamber cover (21), with the probe pointing downwards and aligned with the top of the volcanic rock packing (16). One is installed on the top of the cultivation chamber B (20) and fixed inside the lower cultivation chamber cover (21), with the probe pointing downwards and aligned with the top of the volcanic rock packing (16). The non-contact liquid level sensor (26) is connected to the junction box via a waterproof cable. The junction box is fixed outside the lower cultivation chamber cover (21). It outputs a 4-20mA analog signal, which is collected by the junction box and then connected to the analog input port of the embedded controller via a shielded cable.

[0026] The processing unit includes the following control devices and algorithm processing modules for data analysis and instruction generation:

[0027] Embedded controller: processes sensor data and executes algorithms;

[0028] Wireless communication module: Enables remote data transmission.

[0029] The embedded controller receives sensor data through an interface, processes it through an internal algorithm, and then connects to the actuator via a relay module or PWM signal; the wireless communication module connects to the controller via a USB interface to achieve cloud data interaction.

[0030] The execution unit includes the following hardware modules for executing control commands:

[0031] Solenoid valve (9) controls the release frequency of liquid bacterial agent in the upper incubation chamber (7);

[0032] Heating rod (8): Adjust the water temperature in the incubation chamber to 28-32℃;

[0033] Pump A(3): Draws water into the inlet chamber (18);

[0034] Pump B(22): Transports water to the upper cultivation chamber (7);

[0035] Aerator (11): Provides oxygen to the cultivation chamber and a new type of aeration head (12);

[0036] The solenoid valve (9), heating rod (8), water pump A (3), water pump B (22) and aerator (11) are connected to the embedded controller through a relay module to receive switching signals or PWM speed control signals;

[0037] A water treatment method, based on a water treatment device with a solid-liquid bacterial agent slow-release function, automatically adjusts the treatment process according to the water pollution level, including the following steps:

[0038] Water sampling and pretreatment: Water is pumped into the inlet chamber (18) of the equipment by water pump A (3), and the water is sterilized by ultraviolet lamp (14);

[0039] Solid bacterial agent cultivation and release: The pretreated water is transported to cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20) respectively. Different types of solid bacterial agent packets are added to cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20). Culture medium is added. The water temperature is controlled to 28-32℃ by heating rod (8). Oxygen is provided by aeration device to promote the reproduction of solid bacterial agent on volcanic rock filler (16). The cultivated solid bacterial agent is released into the water body with the overflow. (3) Liquid bacterial agent cultivation and release: The pretreated water is transported to the upper cultivation chamber (7) by water pump B (22). Liquid bacterial agent is added to the upper cultivation chamber (7). Culture medium is added by culture medium addition tank (24). The water temperature is controlled to 28-32℃ by heating rod (8). Liquid bacterial agent is released into the water body at timed intervals by electromagnetic valve (9).

[0040] Synergistic treatment of aeration and bacterial agent: Aeration machine (11) supplies air to cultivation chamber A (19), cultivation chamber B (20) and new aeration head (12). The new aeration head (12) is equipped with an aerobic bacterial agent pack (34). The negative pressure of the Y-shaped oblique tee (32) is used to mix the water and gas and release them into the water.

[0041] Automatic adjustment: Based on the type of water pollution, the influent frequency, bacterial agent type and release time are adjusted by the control system. When the ammonia nitrogen and COD of the water are high, solid bacterial agents that degrade ammonia nitrogen are added to the cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20), and liquid bacterial agents that degrade organic matter are added to the upper cultivation chamber (7). When there are signs of blue-green algae bloom in the water, solid bacterial agents that degrade ammonia nitrogen are added to the cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20), and liquid bacterial agents that reduce pH are added to the upper cultivation chamber (7). At the same time, the water flow is enhanced by the aeration system.

[0042] Furthermore, in this invention, the culture medium in step (2) comprises carbohydrates, nitrogenous substances, inorganic salts, vitamins and water, which are made into blocks in a certain proportion and slowly dissolved in culture chamber A (19) and culture chamber B (20).

[0043] Furthermore, in this invention, the automatic adjustment step further includes the step of realizing automatic dosing and precise control of the microbial agent by establishing an intelligent and integrated comprehensive control system, as detailed below:

[0044] Step 1: Parameter Acquisition and Preprocessing. Multiple sensors, including water quality sensors, water level sensors, pH sensors, and dissolved oxygen sensors, are deployed in the water treatment equipment and target water body to collect real-time data on ammonia nitrogen concentration, chemical oxygen demand, pH value, dissolved oxygen concentration, and water level in the cultivation room. The collected data is preprocessed using a filtering algorithm to remove noise interference and ensure data accuracy.

[0045] Step two, data transmission and integration, involves transmitting the preprocessed multi-parameter data to the integrated control system via a wireless communication module, updating the cloud database in real time, and generating a multi-dimensional data matrix for subsequent analysis;

[0046] Step 3: Big Data Analysis and Decision Making. Big data algorithms are used to process the real-time data matrix to calculate the dosage, release frequency, concentration, and aeration intensity of the microbial agent. The specific algorithm formula is as follows: Microbial agent dosage calculation formula:

[0047] Q t =k1·(NH3-N-NH3-N0) 2 +k2·(COD-COD0) 2 +k3·|pH-pH0|+k4·(DO0-DO);

[0048] Q t : Required amount of microbial agent to be added per unit time; NH3-N: Real-time ammonia nitrogen concentration; NH3-N0: Target ammonia nitrogen concentration; COD: Real-time chemical oxygen demand; COD0: Target COD value; pH: Real-time pH value; pH0: Target pH value; DO: Real-time dissolved oxygen concentration; DO0: Target dissolved oxygen concentration; k1, k2, k3, k4: Weighting coefficients, calibrated experimentally based on microbial agent type and water characteristics. The above formula uses square terms and absolute value terms to enhance sensitivity to parameters that seriously exceed standards.

[0049] Release frequency calculation formula:

[0050]

[0051] F r : Frequency of bacterial agent release, V c Effective volume of the cultivation room, C b Standard concentration of microbial agent, T c The action time of a single application of microbial agent is determined by introducing a variable microbial agent concentration to ensure that the application frequency matches the actual microbial agent concentration.

[0052] Formula for adjusting bacterial concentration:

[0053]

[0054] C′ b : Adjusted bacterial concentration, C b Initial inoculum concentration, DO: Real-time dissolved oxygen concentration, DO m : The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for bacterial inoculant reproduction; α: Concentration adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5, determined according to the type of bacterial inoculant. By dynamically adjusting the bacterial inoculant concentration based on dissolved oxygen deviation, the reproduction efficiency can be optimized.

[0055] Optimization formula for aeration intensity:

[0056]

[0057] I a : Adjusted aeration intensity; I0: Base aeration intensity; NH3-N and COD: Real-time ammonia nitrogen and COD concentrations, respectively; NH3-N0 and COD0: Target ammonia nitrogen and COD concentrations, respectively; β: Aeration adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, determined according to the water volume. The aeration rate is dynamically adjusted according to the pollution load to enhance the activity of aerobic bacteria.

[0058] Step four: Automatic execution and coordinated control. Based on the calculation results, the integrated control system automatically adjusts the water inflow of water pump A (3) and water pump B (22), the switching frequency of solenoid valve (9), the concentration of bacterial agent in the cultivation chamber, and the air supply of aerator (11) to realize the on-demand distribution of bacterial agent in cultivation chamber A (19), cultivation chamber B (20), and upper cultivation chamber (7). At the same time, aerobic bacterial agent packs (34) are released in coordination through the new type of aeration head (12), without the need for manual intervention.

[0059] Step 5: Feedback optimization and resource assessment. Continuously monitor the water treatment effect using sensors, compare the treated data with the target value, dynamically update the weighting coefficients k1, k2, k3, k4, α, and β, and calculate the resource waste rate. The resource waste assessment formula is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] W r Resource waste rate; Q t Theoretical dosage of microbial agent; Q e The actual effective dose of microbial agents is used to optimize the application strategy by evaluating the utilization efficiency of the microbial agents.

[0062] Step Six, Self-Learning Iteration: Store the real-time data and optimization parameters of each treatment in the cloud database, and use machine learning algorithms to iteratively train the weight coefficients and adjustment coefficients to improve the system's adaptability to complex aquatic environments.

[0063] Furthermore, in this invention, the air outlet of the cavity (30) with air outlet of the novel aeration head (12) described in step (4) is located 10-30 cm below the water surface to avoid stirring the bottom mud and improve the water transparency.

[0064] Furthermore, in this invention, the control system described in step (5) monitors the liquid level in the upper cultivation chamber (7) through a non-contact liquid level sensor (26) and automatically starts or stops the water pump B (22) to achieve continuous liquid bacterial culture.

[0065] Beneficial effects: The technical solution of this application has the following technical effects:

[0066] 1. By employing jet aeration and microporous aeration, a Y-shaped inclined tee structure is designed to utilize negative pressure to reduce sediment agitation, achieving water circulation and further increasing dissolved oxygen levels, thus enhancing the water body's self-purification capacity. Through categorized slow-release methods and devices, combined with air stones to activate bacterial agent metabolism, the bacterial agent is continuously and evenly mixed into the small watershed, ensuring effective treatment of micro-pollution. For small watershed cyanobacterial blooms, the most effective bacterial agent package is configured to enhance treatment advantages. An intelligent, integrated control system is established, deploying sensors to monitor key parameters such as water quality, water level, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Without manual intervention, the system automatically and precisely controls the dosing of bacterial agents as needed, improving treatment efficiency and avoiding resource waste.

[0067] 2. The system monitors multiple parameters in real time, including ammonia nitrogen, COD, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water level, at the detection end. Combined with big data algorithms at the treatment end, it achieves precise control over microbial agent dosage and environmental regulation, avoiding the blindness of manual judgment or fixed dosage in traditional methods. The control system's detection, treatment, and execution ends work collaboratively, automating the entire process from data acquisition to execution without human intervention. This supports intelligent decision-making, further improving treatment efficiency. The introduced resource waste assessment formula quantifies microbial agent utilization efficiency, and combined with precise adjustments at the execution end, it avoids excessive microbial agent dosage and energy waste, reducing operating costs. Through multi-point sensor deployment and dynamic adjustment mechanisms, the equipment can adapt to different pollution scenarios, such as excessive ammonia nitrogen and cyanobacterial blooms, performing excellently in complex aquatic environments.

[0068] It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and the additional concepts described in more detail below can be considered part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure, provided that such concepts do not contradict each other.

[0069] The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments, and features of the teachings of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the invention, such as features and / or beneficial effects of exemplary embodiments, will become apparent from the following description or may be learned through practice of specific embodiments according to the teachings of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0070] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in the various figures may be denoted by the same reference numeral. For clarity, not every component is labeled in each figure. Embodiments of various aspects of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0071] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment.

[0072] Figure 2 The following is an elevation view of the cultivation room.

[0073] Figure 3 This is a top view of the lower incubation chamber.

[0074] Figure 4 This is for the lower cultivation chamber cover.

[0075] Figure 5 This is the elevation drawing of the cultivation room.

[0076] Figure 6 This is a top view of the incubation room.

[0077] Figure 7 It is a new type of aeration head.

[0078] In the diagram: 1. Biofilm; 2. Float; 3. Pump A; 4. Check valve A; 5. Ball valve; 6. Lower cultivation chamber; 7. Upper cultivation chamber; 8. Heating rod; 9. Solenoid valve; 10. Observation chamber; 11. Aerator; 12. New type of aeration head; 13. Air stone; 14. Ultraviolet lamp; 15. Feeding cover A; 16. Volcanic rock packing; 17. Water outlet pipe; 18. Water inlet chamber; 19. Cultivation chamber A; 20. Cultivation chamber B; 21. Lower cultivation chamber cover; 22. Pump B; 23. Check valve B; 24. Culture medium addition tank; 25. Vent; 26. Non-contact liquid level sensor; 27. Feeding cover B; 28. Feeding cover C; 29. ​​Conical float; 30. Cavity with air vent; 31. Counterweight; 32. Y-type oblique tee; 33. One-way stop valve; 34. Aerobic bacterial agent pack. Detailed Implementation

[0079] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Various aspects of the invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate numerous illustrative embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily defined to include all aspects of the invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in more detail below, can be implemented in any of many ways, because the concepts and embodiments disclosed in this invention are not limited to any particular implementation. Furthermore, some aspects of this invention can be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of this invention.

[0080] Example 1: Treatment of water bodies with excessive ammonia nitrogen and COD

[0081] Objective: To verify the accuracy and effectiveness of water treatment equipment and methods in water bodies with high ammonia nitrogen and high COD.

[0082] Equipment preparation:

[0083] The designed water treatment equipment includes a support system, a lower cultivation chamber 6, an upper cultivation chamber 7, a hydrodynamic system, an aeration system, and a control system.

[0084] The control system is configured with detection, processing, and execution ends:

[0085] Detection end: Water quality sensor, model Hach LDO101, range 0-200mg / L; pH sensor, model E+HCPS11D, range 0-14; Dissolved oxygen sensor, model YSIProODO, range 0-20mg / L; Non-contact liquid level sensor 26, model Siemens SITRANS LU150, range 0.25-5m. The installation position is determined according to the invention description.

[0086] Processing end: Embedded controller, Raspberry Pi 4B, 4GB RAM, running Python 3.9; Wireless communication module, SIM7600G, supporting 5G.

[0087] Actuators: Solenoid valve 9, model Burkert 6213, response time <0.1s; Heating rod 8, model EHEIM Jager150W, accuracy ±0.5℃; Water pump A3, model Grundfos UP15-14B, maximum flow rate 60L / h; Water pump B22, model Grundfos UP10-16, maximum flow rate 20L / h; Aerator 11, model HIBLOW HP-80, maximum flow rate 80L / min.

[0088] Experimental conditions:

[0089] Water volume: 1000L.

[0090] Initial water quality: ammonia nitrogen 50 mg / L, COD 200 mg / L, pH 8.5, dissolved oxygen 3.0 mg / L, turbidity 40 NTU, temperature 25℃.

[0091] Environmental conditions: Outdoors, wind speed 2m / s, water flow speed 0.1m / s.

[0092] Operating steps:

[0093] Equipment installation:

[0094] The float 2 is fixed to the bottom of the water by four nylon ropes with a diameter of 8mm, and the biofilm 1 is suspended below the water surface.

[0095] The new type of aerator head 12 is installed underwater and contains a 20g aerobic bacteria agent packet with 10% active bacteria content. 8 CFU / g.

[0096] Water pretreatment:

[0097] Start water pump A3, set the flow rate to 50L / h, and pump water into inlet chamber 18. Run UV lamp 14 at 15W for 10 minutes to achieve a sterilization rate of >99%.

[0098] Solid microbial agent cultivation and release:

[0099] In cultivation room A, add 50g of solid microbial agent packet No. 1, containing 10% live bacteria. 9 CFU / g, ammonia nitrogen degradation, cultivation in chamber B, 20, add No. 2 solid bacterial agent packet, 50g, active bacteria content 10. 9 CFU / g, degrades ammonia nitrogen.

[0100] Add 100g of block culture medium per chamber, with the following composition: 60% carbohydrates, 20% nitrogenous substances, 15% inorganic salts, and 5% vitamins, and a dissolution rate of 5g / h.

[0101] The heating rod 8 is set to a temperature of 30±0.5℃, and the air stone 13 has an aeration flow rate of 20L / min.

[0102] Water flows in through the outlet pipe 17 and overflows into the biofilm 1.

[0103] Liquid bacterial inoculant cultivation and release:

[0104] Water pump B22 with a flow rate of 10L / h delivers water to the upper incubation chamber 7, where 100mL of liquid bacterial agent No. 3 (concentration 10g / L) is added to degrade organic matter.

[0105] Add 50 mL of liquid culture medium containing 10 g / L glucose to culture medium addition tank 24, and maintain the temperature at 30 ± 0.5 °C with heating rod 8.

[0106] Solenoid valve 9 is set to open once every 3 minutes for 20 seconds, releasing a flow rate of 0.5L / min.

[0107] Control system operation:

[0108] Initial sensor data: NH3-N 50mg / L, COD 200mg / L, pH 8.5, DO 3.0mg / L, liquid level 80%, incubation chamber fully loaded.

[0109] Algorithm parameters: k1 = 0.5, k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0.2, k4 = 0.1, α = 0.3, β = 0.5, V c =50L, T c =4h, DO m =6mg / L;

[0110] Calculation results:

[0111]

[0112] The execution end runs according to the results, and recalculates and adjusts after 6 hours.

[0113] Operation and monitoring:

[0114] The system was run for 24 hours, and water quality parameters were recorded every 6 hours (see Table 1).

[0115]

[0116] Total microbial agent consumption: 120g, energy consumption: 1.2kWh, microbial agent utilization rate: 85%, Wr = 15%.

[0117] Experimental results: Within 24 hours, NH3-N decreased from 50 mg / L to 5 mg / L, with a removal rate of 90%; COD decreased from 200 mg / L to 20 mg / L, with a removal rate of 90%; pH was adjusted from 8.5 to 7.5; DO increased from 3.0 mg / L to 8.0 mg / L; and turbidity decreased from 40 NTU to 10 NTU.

[0118] The total consumption of microbial agent was 120g, the energy consumption was 1.2kWh, the utilization rate of microbial agent was 85%, and Wr = 15%.

[0119] Conclusion: The equipment, through the synergistic effect of compartmentalized cultivation and the novel aeration head 12, achieved rapid removal of high-concentration pollutants, resulting in significant treatment effects. The precise adjustment of the control system ensured that the microbial agent dosage was matched to the pollution level, based on Q... t and F r Calculation demonstrates the precision of an invention.

[0120] Example 2: Treatment of water bodies in the early stages of cyanobacterial blooms

[0121] Objective: To verify the environmental adaptability and cyanobacterial inhibition effect in water bodies during the initial stage of cyanobacterial blooms.

[0122] Equipment preparation:

[0123] Same as Example 1.

[0124] Experimental conditions:

[0125] Water volume: 1000L.

[0126] Initial water quality: NH3-N 30 mg / L, COD 150 mg / L, pH 9.5, DO 2.0 mg / L, turbidity 60 NTU, cyanobacteria concentration 10 5 cells / mL, temperature 28℃.

[0127] Environmental conditions: Outdoors, direct sunlight, wind speed 1 m / s.

[0128] Operating steps:

[0129] Equipment installation:

[0130] Similar to Example 1, the new aeration head 12 is installed 15cm below the water surface.

[0131] Water pretreatment:

[0132] Water pump A3 has a flow rate of 60L / h, and UV lamp 14 runs for 15 minutes.

[0133] Solid microbial agent cultivation and release:

[0134] Add 40g of solid bacterial agent packets No. 1 and No. 2 to culture chamber A 19 and culture chamber B 20 respectively, and add 80g of culture medium per chamber.

[0135] The heating rod 8 is set to 28±0.5℃, and the air stone 13 aeration is 25L / min.

[0136] Liquid bacterial inoculant cultivation and release:

[0137] Add 120 mL of liquid bacterial agent No. 4 (concentration 12 g / L) to the upper incubation chamber 7 to lower the pH. Add 60 mL of culture medium to the culture medium addition tank 24.

[0138] Heating rod 8 is maintained at 28±0.5℃, and solenoid valve 9 opens once every 4 minutes for 15 seconds, releasing a flow rate of 0.4L / min.

[0139] Control system operation:

[0140] Initial data: NH3-N 30 mg / L, COD 150 mg / L, pH 9.5, DO 2.0 mg / L, liquid level 75%.

[0141] Calculation results:

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] The execution end runs based on the results and will be adjusted after 6 hours.

[0145] Operation and monitoring: Run for 24 hours, and record every 6 hours as shown in Table 2.

[0146]

[0147] Total microbial agent consumption: 100g, energy consumption: 1.1kWh, microbial agent utilization rate: 88%, W r =12%.

[0148] Experimental results: Within 24 hours, NH3-N decreased from 30 mg / L to 4 mg / L (removal rate 87%), COD decreased from 150 mg / L to 25 mg / L (removal rate 83%), pH decreased from 9.5 to 7.2, DO increased from 2.0 mg / L to 7.5 mg / L, turbidity decreased from 60 NTU to 15 NTU, and cyanobacterial concentration decreased from 10... 5 cells / mL decreased to 10 3 cells / mL, reduced by 99%.

[0149] Total microbial agent consumption: 100g; energy consumption: 1.1kWh; microbial agent utilization rate: 88%; W r =12%.

[0150] Conclusion: The equipment effectively inhibits cyanobacterial growth through liquid bacterial agents and high-intensity aeration. The optimization of pH and DO disrupts the survival conditions of cyanobacteria, demonstrating environmental adaptability.

[0151] The lower consumption of microbial agents and energy indicates significant resource conservation, validating the resource waste assessment formula W. r Its practicality.

[0152] Example 3: Management of initial rainwater runoff after heavy rain

[0153] Objective: To verify the rapid response and treatment effectiveness of the power supply under high pollution load in the initial stage after a rainstorm.

[0154] Equipment preparation:

[0155] Same as Example 1.

[0156] Experimental conditions:

[0157] Water volume: 1000L.

[0158] Initial water quality: NH3-N 70mg / L, COD 300mg / L, pH 7.8, DO 1.5mg / L, turbidity 80NT U, suspended solids SS 200mg / L.

[0159] Environmental conditions: Outdoors, after simulated rainfall, water flow velocity 0.3 m / s.

[0160] Operating steps:

[0161] Equipment installation:

[0162] The float 2 is fixed, and the new type of aeration head 12 is installed 25cm below the water surface.

[0163] Water pretreatment:

[0164] Water pump A3 has a flow rate of 70L / h, and UV lamp 14 runs for 20 minutes.

[0165] Solid microbial agent cultivation and release:

[0166] Add 60g of solid bacterial agent packets No. 1 and No. 2 to culture chamber A 19 and culture chamber B 20, respectively, and 120g of culture medium per chamber.

[0167] The heating rod 8 is set to 30±0.5℃, and the air stone 13 aeration is 30L / min.

[0168] Liquid bacterial inoculant cultivation and release:

[0169] Add 150 mL of liquid bacterial agent No. 3 (concentration 15 g / L) to culture chamber 7, and add 80 mL of culture medium to culture medium addition tank 24.

[0170] The heating rod 8 is maintained at 30±0.5℃, and the solenoid valve 9 opens once every 2 minutes for 25 seconds, releasing a flow rate of 0.6L / min.

[0171] Control system operation:

[0172] Initial data: NH3-N 70 mg / L, COD 300 mg / L, pH 7.8, DO 1.5 mg / L, liquid level 85%.

[0173] Calculation results:

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] The execution end runs according to the results and will be adjusted after 4 hours.

[0177] Operation and monitoring: Run for 12 hours, and record data every 3 hours as shown in Table 3.

[0178]

[0179] Total microbial agent consumption: 150g, energy consumption: 0.9kWh, microbial agent utilization rate: 82%, W r =18%.

[0180] Experimental results: Within 12 hours, NH3-N decreased from 70 mg / L to 8 mg / L, with a removal rate of 89%; COD decreased from 300 mg / L to 40 mg / L, with a removal rate of 87%; pH was adjusted from 7.8 to 7.3; DO increased from 1.5 mg / L to 7.5 mg / L; turbidity decreased from 80 NTU to 20 NTU; and suspended solids (SS) decreased from 200 mg / L to 30 mg / L, with a removal rate of 85%.

[0181] Total microbial agent consumption: 150g; energy consumption: 0.9kWh; microbial agent utilization rate: 82%; W r =18%.

[0182] Conclusion: Even under high pollution loads and short timeframes, the equipment maintains a rapid response, with pollutant removal rates exceeding 85%, demonstrating the invention's rapid treatment capabilities and stability. The novel aeration head 12 avoids sediment agitation, significantly reducing suspended solids (SS) and turbidity, validating the beneficial effects of optimized treatment.

[0183] In summary, in all three examples, the removal rates of NH3-N and COD exceeded 83%, and both pH and DO were adjusted to the target ranges: pH 7.0-7.5 and DO > 7 mg / L. The high initial pollution conditions in Examples 1 and 3 (NH3-N 50-70 mg / L and COD 200-300 mg / L) rapidly reduced to safe levels, demonstrating that the control system effectively reduced these levels through sensors and algorithm Q. t C′ b Precise application is achieved. Compared with traditional fixed application, this invention dynamically adjusts the bacterial dosage and release frequency based on real-time data, avoiding over- or under-application and significantly improving the targeting and efficiency of treatment.

[0184] In this embodiment, the control system operates automatically throughout the entire process. Sensor data is processed by an embedded controller to generate execution commands such as F. r and I a No manual intervention is required. The self-learning function of the control system, that is, iteratively adjusting parameters such as k1 and k2, and its integration with hardware realizes closed-loop control, demonstrating the advantages of intelligence and reducing labor costs and operational errors.

[0185] The utilization rates of the microbial agents were 85% in Example 1, 88% in Example 2, and 82% in Example 3, respectively, far exceeding the 50-60% of traditional methods; the energy consumption was 1.2 kWh, 1.1 kWh, and 0.9 kWh, respectively, lower than the 1.5-2 kWh of traditional equipment. (Source waste assessment formula W) r Precise control at the execution end significantly reduces waste of microbial agents and energy, achieving a savings rate of 20%-30%, which meets the requirements of green environmental protection.

[0186] Example 2 effectively inhibited cyanobacteria under high pH of 9.5 and low DO of 2.0 mg / L, while Example 3 completed treatment within 12 hours under high pollution loads of NH3-N 70 mg / L and COD 300 mg / L, both demonstrating excellent performance. The compartmentalized cultivation and dynamic adjustment mechanism allows the equipment to adapt to different pollution types and extreme conditions, which is superior to the single function of traditional equipment, demonstrating the flexibility and robustness of the invention.

[0187] All three implementation examples operated stably with no observed equipment failures, exhibited high consistency in sensor data, and demonstrated normal hardware module function. The industrial-grade hardware and clearly defined connectivity used in these examples ensured long-term operational reliability and made them suitable for practical application.

[0188] The turbidity decreased by 75% from 40 to 10 NTU, 60 to 15 NTU, and 80 to 20 NTU, respectively; the cyanobacteria concentration decreased by 99%; and the suspended solids (SS) removal rate was 85%. The new aeration head avoids stirring up the bottom sediment, and the compartmentalized cultivation and synergistic bacterial agent administration improve water transparency and self-purification capacity, with effects far exceeding those of traditional technologies, verifying the optimization effect of the invention.

[0189] The SIM7600G wireless communication module supports cloud data synchronization, and all three embodiments can be remotely monitored. Data on agent utilization and energy consumption provide a basis for subsequent optimization. The invention's modular design and self-learning capability facilitate expansion to larger-scale water bodies, such as lakes and rivers, and have broad application prospects.

[0190] Comprehensive analysis and technical effect verification. Consistent with expected results: The experimental results highly match the beneficial effects. The pollutant removal rate of 87%-90%, resource utilization rate of 82%-88%, and water quality improvement of turbidity reduction of 75% all meet or exceed expectations, proving the feasibility of the technical solution. Rapid response: Example 3 reduced NH3-N from 70 mg / L to 8 mg / L and COD from 300 mg / L to 40 mg / L within 12 hours, exceeding the effect achieved by traditional technologies in 24 hours. Rapid cyanobacteria inhibition: In Example 2, the cyanobacteria concentration was reduced by 99%, and pH and DO were rapidly optimized, with pH changing from 9.5 to 7.2 and DO from 2.0 to 7.5 mg / L within 24 hours, demonstrating the unique advantages of the equipment in ecological restoration. Rapid suspended solids control: In Example 3, SS decreased from 200 mg / L to 30 mg / L, attributed to the design of the new aeration head 12, which traditional equipment struggles to achieve such a significant sedimentation effect. Experimental data show that the combination of compartmentalized cultivation, novel aeration heads, and intelligent control produces a synergistic effect that cannot be foreseen by simple improvements to existing technologies.

[0191] In conclusion, the three optimized embodiments fully validated the technical advantages of the invention: it significantly outperformed traditional methods in terms of accuracy, intelligence, resource conservation, environmental adaptability, stability, and treatment effectiveness. Experimental data showed that the equipment could treat highly polluted water bodies to a safe level within 24 hours, reducing cyanobacteria concentration by 99% and turbidity and suspended solids by more than 75%, while maintaining a high resource utilization rate of 82%-88% and low energy consumption of 0.9-1.2 kWh. These results not only achieved the expected goals but also demonstrated unexpected rapid response and ecological optimization effects, providing an efficient and sustainable solution for water body treatment.

[0192] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A water treatment method, characterized in that, A water treatment device with a solid-liquid bacterial agent slow release function is provided, the water treatment device comprising: The lower cultivation chamber (6) is used to cultivate solid microbial agents. It includes an inlet chamber (18), a cultivation chamber A (19), and a cultivation chamber B (20). The inlet chamber (18) is connected to the external water body through a water pump A (3) and is equipped with an ultraviolet lamp (14). The cultivation chamber A (19) and the cultivation chamber B (20) are respectively connected to the inlet chamber (18) through a water outlet pipe (17). Both chambers are equipped with volcanic rock packing (16), an aeration device, and a heating rod (8). The top of the lower cultivation chamber (6) is equipped with a lower cultivation chamber cover (21) and a feeding cover A (15). The upper incubation chamber (7) is used to cultivate liquid bacterial agents. The upper incubation chamber (7) is connected to the water inlet chamber (18) through a pipe. A water pump B (22) is provided on the pipe. The upper incubation chamber (7) is provided with a culture medium addition tank (24) and an exhaust port (25) at the top and a heating rod (8) at the bottom. The aeration system includes an aerator (11) and a novel aeration head (12). The outlet of the aerator (11) is divided into two paths: the first path leads to the cultivation chamber A (19) and the cultivation chamber B (20), and the second path leads to the novel aeration head (12). The novel aeration head (12) includes a conical float (29) with a sealed upper end, a cavity (30) with an air outlet in the middle, and a counterweight (31) at the lower end. The cavity (30) with an air outlet is filled with an aerobic bacterial agent pack (34). The bottom of the cavity (30) with an air outlet is connected to a Y-shaped oblique tee (32), and a one-way stop valve (33) is provided at the lower part of the Y-shaped oblique tee (32). The control system is used to detect the water environment and control the frequency of water pump A (3), water pump B (22), aeration system and bacterial agent release; The treatment process is automatically adjusted based on the water pollution level, including the following steps: Water sampling and pretreatment: Water is pumped into the inlet chamber (18) of the equipment by water pump A (3), and the water is sterilized by ultraviolet lamp (14); Solid microbial agent cultivation and release: The pretreated water is transported to cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20) respectively. Different types of solid microbial agent packets are added to cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20), culture medium is added, the water temperature is controlled to 28-32℃ by heating rod (8), and oxygen is provided by aeration device to promote the reproduction of solid microbial agents on volcanic rock filler (16). The cultivated solid microbial agents are released into the water body with the overflow. Liquid bacterial agent cultivation and release: The pretreated water is transported to the upper cultivation chamber (7) by water pump B (22), liquid bacterial agent is added to the upper cultivation chamber (7), culture medium is added by culture medium addition tank (24), the water temperature is controlled to 28-32℃ by heating rod (8), and liquid bacterial agent is released into the water body at regular intervals by electromagnetic valve (9); Synergistic treatment of aeration and bacterial agents: Aeration (11) supplies air to cultivation chamber A (19), cultivation chamber B (20) and new aeration head (12). The new aeration head (12) uses the negative pressure of Y-shaped oblique tee (32) to mix water and gas and release them into the water. Automatic adjustment: According to the type of water pollution, the influent frequency, bacterial agent type and release time are adjusted by the control system. When the ammonia nitrogen and COD of the water are high, solid bacterial agents that degrade ammonia nitrogen are added to the cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20), and liquid bacterial agents that degrade organic matter are added to the upper cultivation chamber (7). When there are signs of blue-green algae bloom in the water, solid bacterial agents that degrade ammonia nitrogen are added to the cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20), and liquid bacterial agents that reduce pH are added to the upper cultivation chamber (7). At the same time, the water flow is enhanced by the aeration system. The automatic adjustment process further includes steps to achieve automatic and precise control of microbial agent dispensing through the establishment of an intelligent and integrated comprehensive control system, as detailed below: Step 1: Parameter Acquisition and Preprocessing. Multiple sensors, including water quality sensors, water level sensors, pH sensors, and dissolved oxygen sensors, are deployed in the water treatment equipment and target water body to collect real-time data on ammonia nitrogen concentration, chemical oxygen demand, pH value, dissolved oxygen concentration, and water level in the cultivation room. The collected data is preprocessed using a filtering algorithm to remove noise interference and ensure data accuracy. Step two, data transmission and integration, involves transmitting the preprocessed multi-parameter data to the integrated control system via a wireless communication module, updating the cloud database in real time, and generating a multi-dimensional data matrix for subsequent analysis; Step 3: Big Data Analysis and Decision Making. Big data algorithms are used to process the real-time data matrix to calculate the dosage, release frequency, concentration, and aeration intensity of the microbial agent. The specific algorithm formula is as follows: Microbial agent dosage calculation formula: ； Q t : The amount of microbial agent required per unit time, in grams. NH 3 -N Real-time ammonia nitrogen concentration, unit: mg / L NH 3 -N 0: Target ammonia nitrogen concentration, unit mg / L; COD: Real-time chemical oxygen demand, unit mg / L; COD0: Target COD value, unit mg / L; pH: Real-time pH value; pH0: Target pH value; DO: Real-time dissolved oxygen concentration, unit mg / L; DO0: Target dissolved oxygen concentration, unit mg / L; k1, k2, k3, k4: Weighting coefficients, determined experimentally based on the type of bacterial agent and water characteristics. The above formula uses square terms and absolute value terms to enhance the sensitivity to parameters that seriously exceed the standard. Release frequency calculation formula: ； Fr : Frequency of bacterial agent release, in units of times / hour Vc Effective volume of the cultivation room, in liters (L). Cb Standard concentration of microbial agent, unit: g / L Tc : The action time of a single application of microbial agent, in hours. By introducing a variable microbial agent concentration, we ensure that the application frequency matches the actual microbial agent concentration. Formula for adjusting bacterial concentration: ； Adjusted bacterial concentration, unit: g / L Cb Initial inoculum concentration (g / L); DO: Real-time dissolved oxygen concentration (mg / L). DOm : The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for bacterial growth, in mg / L. α Concentration adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5, is determined according to the type of inoculant. The inoculant concentration is dynamically adjusted based on dissolved oxygen deviation to optimize reproduction efficiency. Optimization formula for aeration intensity: ； Ia Adjusted aeration intensity, all in L / min; I 0: Base aeration intensity, all in L / min; NH3−N and COD: Real-time ammonia nitrogen and COD concentrations, respectively, in mg / L; NH3−N0 and COD0: Target ammonia nitrogen and COD concentrations, respectively, in mg / L. β Aeration adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, is determined based on the water volume and dynamically adjusted according to the pollution load to enhance the activity of aerobic bacteria. Step 4: Automatic execution and coordinated control. The integrated control system automatically adjusts the water inlet flow of water pump A (3) and water pump B (22), the switching frequency of solenoid valve (9), the concentration of bacterial agent in the cultivation chamber, and the air supply of aerator (11) according to the calculation results, so as to realize the on-demand distribution of bacterial agent in cultivation chamber A (19), cultivation chamber B (20) and upper cultivation chamber (7), and at the same time, the aerobic bacterial agent pack (34) is released in coordination through the new type of aeration head (12), without the need for manual intervention. Step 5: Feedback optimization and resource assessment. Continuously monitor the water treatment effect using sensors, compare post-treatment data with target values, and dynamically update weighting coefficients. k 1, k 2, k 3, k 4, α and β The resource waste rate is calculated, and the resource waste assessment formula is as follows: ； Wr Resource waste rate, expressed as a percentage; Qt Theoretical dosage of microbial agent, in grams; Qe Actual effective dose of bacteria, in grams; by evaluating the utilization efficiency of the bacteria agent, the application strategy can be optimized. Step Six, Self-Learning Iteration: Store the real-time data and optimization parameters of each treatment in the cloud database, and use machine learning algorithms to iteratively train the weight coefficients and adjustment coefficients to improve the system's adaptability to complex aquatic environments.

2. The water treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The culture medium described in the solid microbial agent cultivation and release includes carbohydrates, nitrogenous substances, inorganic salts, vitamins and water, which are made into blocks in a certain proportion and slowly dissolved in cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20).

3. The water treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the synergistic treatment of aeration and bacterial agents, the air outlet of the cavity (30) of the new type of aeration head (12) with air outlet is located 10-30 cm below the water surface, which avoids stirring the bottom mud and improves the transparency of the water.

4. The water treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic adjustment control system monitors the liquid level in the upper incubation chamber (7) through a non-contact liquid level sensor (26) and automatically starts or stops the water pump B (22) to achieve continuous liquid bacterial culture.

5. The water treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Water treatment equipment with solid-liquid bacterial agent slow release also includes: The support system includes a float (2) and a biofilm (1). The float (2) is used to provide buoyancy for the equipment and to position it on the riverbed by ropes. The biofilm (1) is used for the bacterial agent to attach and enter the water body with the water flow.

6. The water treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heating rods (8) of the cultivation chamber A (19) and cultivation chamber B (20) control the water temperature at 28-32℃. The volcanic rock filler (16) is used for the attachment and reproduction of solid bacterial agents. The aeration device includes air bubbles (13). The culture medium addition tank (24) of the upper incubation chamber (7) adds culture medium by gravity through changes in liquid level, and the heating rod (8) controls the water temperature at 28-32℃, which is suitable for anaerobic bacterial culture.

7. The water treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air outlet of the air outlet cavity (30) of the new type of aeration head (12) is located 10-30 cm below the water surface. The Y-shaped oblique tee (32) draws water into the air outlet cavity (30) through negative pressure and mixes with the aerobic bacterial agent pack (34) to form a jet that enters the water.

8. The water treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control system includes a detection end, a processing end, and an execution end; The detection end includes the following sensors for real-time monitoring of water body and equipment operating parameters: Water quality sensors monitor ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand. One sensor is installed inside the inlet chamber (18) near the inlet of the outlet pipe (17) to monitor the initial water quality entering the cultivation chamber. The other sensor is installed in the target water body, near the air outlet of the new aeration head (12), to monitor the water quality after treatment. The water quality sensors are connected to the junction box via a waterproof cable. The junction box is fixed to the outside of the lower cultivation chamber cover (21). The sensor outputs a 4-20mA analog signal, which is collected by the junction box and then connected to the analog input port of the embedded controller via a shielded cable. pH sensor, pH sensor monitors the pH value of water and incubation chamber. One is installed in incubation chamber A (19) and fixed on volcanic rock packing (16), one is installed in incubation chamber B (20) and fixed on volcanic rock packing (16), one is installed in upper incubation chamber (7) and fixed below culture medium addition tank (24); one is installed in the target water body. Each sensor is connected to the junction box through a dedicated waterproof cable. The junction box is fixed on the outside of the lower incubation chamber cover (21). It outputs RS485 digital signal, which is converted into a single signal by the RS485 converter module in the junction box and connected to the RS485 interface of the embedded controller through a shielded cable. Dissolved oxygen sensor: The dissolved oxygen sensor monitors the dissolved oxygen concentration. One is installed in the cultivation chamber A (19) and fixed on the air stone (13), and one is installed in the cultivation chamber B (20) and fixed on the air stone (13). One is installed in the target water body. The dissolved oxygen sensor is connected to the junction box through a waterproof cable. The junction box is fixed on the outside of the lower cultivation chamber cover (21). It outputs a 4-20mA analog signal, which is collected by the junction box and connected to the analog input port of the embedded controller through a shielded cable. Non-contact liquid level sensor (26): monitors the water level in the cultivation chamber. One is installed on the top of the upper cultivation chamber (7) and fixed next to the exhaust port (25), with the probe pointing downwards and vertically aligned with the water surface. One is installed on the top of the cultivation chamber A (19) and fixed inside the lower cultivation chamber cover (21), with the probe pointing downwards and aligned with the top of the volcanic rock packing (16). One is installed on the top of the cultivation chamber B (20) and fixed inside the lower cultivation chamber cover (21), with the probe pointing downwards and aligned with the top of the volcanic rock packing (16). The non-contact liquid level sensor (26) is connected to the junction box via a waterproof cable. The junction box is fixed outside the lower cultivation chamber cover (21). It outputs a 4-20mA analog signal, which is collected by the junction box and then connected to the analog input port of the embedded controller via a shielded cable. The processing unit includes the following control devices and algorithm processing modules for data analysis and instruction generation: Embedded controller: processes sensor data and executes algorithms; Wireless communication module: Enables remote data transmission. The embedded controller receives sensor data through an interface, processes it through an internal algorithm, and then connects to the actuator via a relay module or PWM signal; the wireless communication module connects to the controller via a USB interface to achieve cloud data interaction. The execution unit includes the following hardware modules for executing control commands: The solenoid valve (9) controls the release frequency of liquid bacterial agent in the upper incubation chamber (7); Heating rod (8): Adjust the water temperature in the incubation room to 28-32℃; Pump A (3): Draws water into the inlet chamber (18); Pump B (22): delivers water to the upper incubation chamber (7); Aerator (11): Provides oxygen to the cultivation chamber and new type of aeration head (12); The solenoid valve (9), heating rod (8), water pump A (3), water pump B (22) and aerator (11) are connected to the embedded controller through a relay module to receive switching signals or PWM speed control signals.

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