A method for intercropping strawberries and melons

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a method for intercropping strawberries and melons, including the following steps: (1) substrate preparation; (2) construction of planting facilities; (3) variety selection; (4) transplanting; (5) field management; and (6) harvesting. This intercropping method significantly improves the survival rate of strawberries and melons, greatly increases the economic benefits of crops, and has great application potential in the agricultural field with a very broad prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a method for intercropping strawberries and melons. Background Technology

[0002] Strawberries belong to the genus *Fragaria* of the Rosaceae family and are perennial herbaceous plants. They are not only delicious and edible, but also possess certain medicinal value, capable of moistening the lungs and promoting body fluids, strengthening the spleen and stomach, relieving summer heat, and also having diuretic and thirst-quenching effects. Cantaloupe, on the other hand, belongs to the genus *Cucumis* of the Cucurbitaceae family and is an annual creeping or climbing herbaceous plant rich in sugars, vitamins, and fiber. Notably, the entire cantaloupe plant can be used medicinally, possessing anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, emetic, dehumidifying, and jaundice-reducing effects. Due to its bitter toxin content, cantaloupe is remarkably effective in inducing emetics and can be used as a high-quality emetic.

[0003] Both strawberries and melons have a wide market demand. However, traditional planting methods often involve monoculture, resulting in low land utilization and a risk of soil nutrient imbalances, increased pests and diseases, and other problems. In contrast, intercropping, as a highly efficient planting model, can fully utilize land, space, and sunlight resources, significantly increasing crop yield and economic benefits per unit area. Currently, scientific planting methods for strawberry and melon intercropping are relatively scarce, and a mature and practical planting system has not yet been established, making it difficult to achieve coordinated growth and complementary advantages between the two crops in actual planting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intercropping method with high utilization rate and low management cost.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for intercropping strawberries and melons includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it;

[0008] (2) Construction of planting facilities: Use greenhouses with good light transmission and strong heat preservation, equipped with shade nets, ventilation equipment and drip irrigation system; Design of cultivation troughs: Select trapezoidal structure, control the spacing between troughs to 80-100cm, lay drainage pipes at the bottom, and spray 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection before planting;

[0009] (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation;

[0010] (4) Planting: Strawberry mother plants are selected in mid-August for seedling cultivation. Qualified seedlings are obtained in late September and planted in late September, with double rows staggered on both sides of the cultivation trough. Melon seeds are treated and germinated in late February of the following year, and sown in plug trays in early March. They reach the planting standard in late March and are planted in late March, with a single row planted in the center of the cultivation trough, intercropped with strawberries to form a double-high-low spatial layout.

[0011] (5) Field management: including temperature and light control, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment and pest and disease control;

[0012] (6) Harvesting: Harvest in a timely manner according to the harvest season.

[0013] Preferably, the matrix in step (1) is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0014] 25-35 parts coconut coir, 15-25 parts fermented cow dung, 10-20 parts perlite, 20-30 parts decomposed straw, 5-10 parts sawdust, and 3-6 parts straw fiber.

[0015] Preferably, the straw fiber is obtained by the following method:

[0016] A1. Select corn stalks, crush, grind, and sieve to obtain stalk powder;

[0017] A2. Mix straw powder and laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5-8:70-80, heat to 40-50℃, adjust pH, and stir for 12-16 hours to obtain pretreated straw powder; wherein, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1-3:6-10:87-94.

[0018] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8-10:2-4:1-2:70-90, stir for 8-12 minutes, adjust the pH, and sterilize to obtain a culture medium. Inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, controlling the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium at 5-8:90-100, control the temperature at 25-32℃, and incubate for 5-7 days. Centrifuge and collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution. Mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.2-0.4:100-120, stir for 8-10 minutes, and incubate at 25-30℃ for 4-6 days to obtain the fermentation broth.

[0019] A4. Mix pretreated straw powder and fermentation liquid in a mass ratio of 1-3:15-20, heat and stir for 20-25 hours, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain straw fiber.

[0020] Preferably, the variety selection in step (3) is as follows: the strawberry varieties are Hongyan, Zhangji, Ningfeng and Ningyu; the melon varieties are Tangtian No. 10, Haimi No. 8 and Boge.

[0021] Preferably, the temperature and light regulation in step (5) includes:

[0022] During the early stage of strawberry fruit formation, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 22-25℃ and the nighttime temperature at 8-11℃; during the flowering and fruiting period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 18-22℃ and the nighttime temperature at 8-15℃; during the early stage of melon growth, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 25-29℃ and the nighttime temperature at 16-19℃; after fruit set, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 26-33℃ and the nighttime temperature at 18-20℃.

[0023] The average daily light intensity during the strawberry fruiting period should be controlled at 15,000-20,000 LUX; the average daily light intensity during the melon expansion period should be controlled at 40,000-60,000 LUX.

[0024] Preferably, the integrated water and fertilizer management in step (5) includes:

[0025] Maintain humidity at 65-75% of field water holding capacity; during strawberry flowering, air humidity should be ≤60%; and during melon ripening, reduce humidity to 55%.

[0026] A drip irrigation system is used to supply fertilizer in different areas and at different times. High-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 1.8-2.0 mS / cm is applied to strawberries during the budding and fruit expansion stages. Balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.2-2.5 mS / cm is applied to melons from the vine extension stage to the fruit setting stage. At the same time, foliar fertilization is carried out every 15-20 days, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and trace element fertilizer.

[0027] Preferably, the plant adjustment in step (5) includes:

[0028] Remove old strawberry leaves and side buds, as well as melon lateral vines and tendrils in a timely manner, and thin out the fruit; during the fruit enlargement period, cover each bunch of fruit with a polyethylene net bag and hang it on a support net to prevent it from touching the ground and rotting.

[0029] Preferably, the pest and disease control in step (5) includes at least one of physical control, biological control and chemical control.

[0030] Preferably, the harvesting in step (6) specifically involves:

[0031] Strawberries can be harvested when they are 80-90% red and ripe, usually in early to mid-December, with a harvesting interval of 2-3 days. Melons can be harvested when they emit a fragrance or when there are cracks around the stem, usually in early to mid-May. When harvesting, the stem and part of the vine should be retained.

[0032] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] This invention allows for the simultaneous planting of two crops, enabling more efficient use of the substrate throughout the growing season and improving substrate yield. Strawberry plants are relatively short and grow close to the ground, while melons can grow upwards through trellises. When intercropped, the melons grow upwards and occupy vertical space, while the strawberries grow on the ground, ensuring that the two do not interfere with each other spatially. This fully utilizes the three-dimensional space, increasing the planting quantity and yield per unit area.

[0034] This invention utilizes a mixture of *Trichoderma reesei* and dithiothreitol to treat straw and obtain straw fiber. Dithiothreitol maintains the activity of enzymes such as cellulase produced by *Trichoderma reesei*, enabling these enzymes to function more persistently and efficiently, thereby accelerating straw decomposition, improving overall reaction efficiency, and shortening processing time. *Trichoderma reesei* secretes various cellulases and hemicellulases, which can effectively decompose cellulose and hemicellulose in straw, while dithiothreitol has reducing properties and can break some chemical bonds in lignin in straw. The synergistic effect of the two can more efficiently degrade lignocellulose in straw into usable straw fiber, improving straw decomposition efficiency and fiber yield. The straw fiber obtained after this mixed treatment has better physical properties, a more regular fiber structure, and a smoother surface, which is beneficial for improving the fiber's stability, water retention, and air permeability in the matrix, providing better support and environmental conditions for crop growth.

[0035] The scents and secretions emitted by strawberries and melons may have a certain repellent or inhibitory effect on some pests and diseases of the other, reducing the probability of pests and diseases and reducing the amount of pesticides used; intercropping the two crops can increase the yield of agricultural products per unit area and improve economic benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0037] Methyl thiophanate, purchased from Hebei Lukuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration certificate number: PD91106-12; high-potassium fertilizer, purchased from Weifang Huayun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., product number: xhalseqj, brand: West Coast; balanced fertilizer, purchased from Henan Zhongnong Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, brand: Rizheng Agricultural Science, balanced water-soluble fertilizer; zinc furfuryl alcohol, purchased from Shandong Zhelong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; yeast extract, purchased from Guangzhou Huayu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., powder; laccase, purchased from Sichuan Huanxu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Trichoderma reesei, purchased from Shandong Kangyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; corn stalks, purchased from Zhengyang County Wanyanhua Straw Processing Cattle and Sheep Breeding.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A method for intercropping strawberries and melons includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it; the substrate includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts coconut coir, 15 parts fermented cow manure, 10 parts perlite, 20 parts decomposed straw, 5 parts sawdust, and 3 parts straw fiber; prepare a 600-fold dilution with methyl thiophanate and drench the substrate for disinfection; the straw fiber is obtained by the following method:

[0041] A1. Select corn stalks, crush them, grind them, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain stalk powder;

[0042] A2. Mix straw powder and laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5:70, heat to 40℃, adjust pH to 5, and stir at 80 rpm for 12 hours to obtain pretreated straw powder; wherein, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:6:87.

[0043] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:2:1:70, stir for 8 min, adjust the pH to 5, and sterilize at 120℃ for 1 h to obtain the culture medium; inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, controlling the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium to be 5:90, control the temperature to be 25℃, and culture for 5 days. Centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 3 min, collect the supernatant to obtain the buffer solution; mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.2:100, stir at 80 rpm for 8 min, and culture at 25℃ for 4 days to obtain the fermentation broth;

[0044] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and fermentation liquid at a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 40℃, stir at 100 rpm for 20 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, wash with deionized water 3 times, and dry at 60℃ for 6 h to obtain straw fiber.

[0045] (2) Construction of planting facilities: A greenhouse with good light transmission and strong heat preservation is adopted, equipped with shade nets, ventilation equipment and drip irrigation system; Design of cultivation troughs: A trapezoidal structure is selected, the cultivation trough is 80cm wide, the planting depth is 5cm, the trough spacing is 80cm, the bottom is laid with drainage pipes, the pipe diameter is controlled at 60mm, the laying slope is controlled at 0.3%, and 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is sprayed for disinfection before planting;

[0046] (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation; choose the Hongyan variety for strawberries; choose the Yugu variety for melons;

[0047] (4) Planting: Strawberry mother plants are selected in mid-August for seedling cultivation. Qualified seedlings are obtained in late September and planted in late September. Double rows are staggered on both sides of the cultivation trough, with a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 15cm. Melons are treated and germinated in late February of the following year, and sown in plug trays in early March. They reach the planting standard in late March and are planted in late March. Single rows are planted in the center of the cultivation trough. Support rods are erected on both sides of the cultivation trough, and the grid is tightened and fixed horizontally to form a double-layer plane. The plant spacing is controlled at 40cm. They are intercropped with strawberries to form a double-height spatial layout.

[0048] (5) Field management: including temperature and light control, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment and pest and disease control;

[0049] The temperature and light regulation includes: during the early stage of strawberry fruit formation, the greenhouse daytime temperature is controlled at 22℃ and the nighttime temperature at 8℃; during the flowering and fruiting period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 18℃ and the nighttime temperature at 8℃; during the early stage of melon growth, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25℃ and the nighttime temperature at 16℃; after fruit set, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26℃ and the nighttime temperature at 18℃; the average daily light intensity is controlled at 15,000 LUX during the strawberry fruiting period; and the average daily light intensity is controlled at 40,000 LUX during the melon expansion period.

[0050] Integrated water and fertilizer management includes maintaining the field water holding capacity at 65%, the air humidity at 60% during the strawberry flowering period, and reducing it to 55% during the melon ripening period;

[0051] A drip irrigation system was used to supply fertilizer in different areas and at different times. High-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 1.8 mS / cm was applied to strawberries during the budding and fruit expansion stages; balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.2 mS / cm was applied to melons from the vine extension stage to the fruit setting stage. At the same time, foliar fertilization was carried out every 15 days, spraying a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and micronutrient fertilizer; the micronutrient fertilizer was zinc furfuryl alcohol.

[0052] Plant management includes: removing old strawberry leaves, lateral buds, and non-fruiting lateral vines and tendrils of melons, and thinning the fruit; during the fruit enlargement period, covering each bunch of fruit with a polyethylene net bag and hanging it on a support net to prevent it from touching the ground and rotting.

[0053] Pest and disease control includes physical control, specifically: covering with insect-proof netting.

[0054] (6) Harvesting: Strawberries can be harvested when the surface color of the fruit reaches 80% red ripeness, usually in early December, with a two-day interval between harvests; melons can be harvested when they emit fragrance or have cracks around the stem, usually in early May, with the stem and part of the vine retained during harvest.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A method for intercropping strawberries and melons includes the following steps:

[0057] (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it; the substrate includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts coconut coir, 25 parts fermented cow manure, 20 parts perlite, 30 parts decomposed straw, 10 parts sawdust, and 6 parts straw fiber; prepare a 1000-fold dilution with methyl thiophanate and drench the substrate for disinfection; the straw fiber is obtained by the following method:

[0058] A1. Select corn stalks, crush them, grind them, and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain stalk powder;

[0059] A2. Mix straw powder and laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 8:80, heat to 50℃, adjust pH to 6, and stir at 100 rpm for 16 hours to obtain pretreated straw powder; wherein, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 3:10:94.

[0060] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 10:4:2:90, stir for 12 min, adjust the pH to 6, and sterilize at 130℃ for 2 h to obtain the culture medium; inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to culture medium at 8:100, control the temperature at 32℃, and incubate for 7 days. Centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, collect the supernatant, and obtain the buffer solution; mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.4:120, stir at 100 rpm for 10 min, and incubate at 30℃ for 6 days to obtain the fermentation broth;

[0061] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and fermentation liquid at a mass ratio of 3:20, heat to 50℃, stir at 150 rpm for 25 h, centrifuge at 10000 rpm for 8 min, wash with deionized water 3 times, and dry at 70℃ for 8 h to obtain straw fiber.

[0062] (2) Construction of planting facilities: A greenhouse with good light transmission and strong heat preservation is adopted, equipped with shade nets, ventilation equipment and drip irrigation system; Design of cultivation troughs: A trapezoidal structure is selected, the cultivation trough is 90cm wide, the planting depth is 10cm, the trough spacing is 100cm, the bottom is laid with drainage pipes, the pipe diameter is controlled at 80mm, the laying slope is controlled at 0.6%, and 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is sprayed for disinfection before planting;

[0063] (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation; for strawberries, choose the Zhangji variety; for melons, choose the Emerald variety.

[0064] (4) Planting: Strawberry mother plants are selected in mid-August for seedling cultivation. Qualified seedlings are obtained in late September and planted in late September. Double rows are staggered on both sides of the cultivation trough, with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. Melons are treated and germinated in late February of the following year, and sown in plug trays in early March. They reach the planting standard in late March and are planted in late March. Single rows are planted in the center of the cultivation trough. Support rods are erected on both sides of the cultivation trough, and the grid is tightened and fixed horizontally to form a double-layer plane. The plant spacing is controlled at 50cm. They are intercropped with strawberries to form a double-height spatial layout.

[0065] (5) Field management: including temperature and light control, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment and pest and disease control;

[0066] The temperature and light regulation includes: during the early stage of strawberry growth, the greenhouse daytime temperature is controlled at 25℃ and the nighttime temperature at 11℃; during the flowering and fruiting period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 22℃ and the nighttime temperature at 15℃; during the early stage of melon growth, the daytime temperature is maintained at 29℃ and the nighttime temperature at 19℃; after fruit set, the daytime temperature is controlled at 33℃ and the nighttime temperature at 20℃; the average daily light intensity during the strawberry fruiting period is controlled at 20,000 LUX; and the average daily light intensity during the melon expansion period is controlled at 60,000 LUX.

[0067] Integrated water and fertilizer management includes maintaining the field water holding capacity at 75%, the air humidity at 60% during the strawberry flowering period, and reducing it to 55% during the melon ripening period;

[0068] A drip irrigation system was used to supply fertilizer in different areas and at different times. High-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 2.0 mS / cm was applied to strawberries during the budding and fruit expansion stages; balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.5 mS / cm was applied to melons from the vine extension stage to the fruit setting stage. At the same time, foliar fertilization was carried out every 20 days, spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and micronutrient fertilizer; the micronutrient fertilizer was zinc furfuryl alcohol.

[0069] Plant management includes: removing old strawberry leaves, lateral buds, and non-fruiting lateral vines and tendrils of melons, and thinning the fruit; during the fruit enlargement period, covering each bunch of fruit with a polyethylene net bag and hanging it on a support net to prevent it from touching the ground and rotting.

[0070] Pest and disease control includes biological control, specifically the release of predatory mites.

[0071] (6) Harvesting: Strawberries can be harvested when the surface color of the fruit reaches 90% red ripeness, usually in early December, with a 3-day interval between harvests; melons can be harvested when they emit fragrance or have cracks around the stem, usually in early May, with the stem and part of the vine retained during harvest.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] A method for intercropping strawberries and melons includes the following steps:

[0074] (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it; the substrate includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts coconut coir, 20 parts fermented cow manure, 15 parts perlite, 25 parts decomposed straw, 8 parts sawdust, and 5 parts straw fiber; prepare an 800-fold dilution with methyl thiophanate and disinfect the substrate by rinsing or spraying; the straw fiber is obtained by the following method:

[0075] A1. Select corn stalks, crush them, grind them, and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain stalk powder;

[0076] A2. Mix straw powder and laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 7:75, heat to 45℃, adjust pH to 6, and stir at 90 rpm for 14 hours to obtain pretreated straw powder; wherein, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 2:8:90.

[0077] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 9:3:1.5:80, stir for 10 min, adjust the pH to 5, and sterilize at 125℃ for 1.5 h to obtain the culture medium; inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to culture medium at 7:95, control the temperature at 30℃, and incubate for 6 days. Centrifuge at 7000 rpm for 4 min, collect the supernatant, and obtain the buffer solution; mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.3:110, stir at 90 rpm for 9 min, and incubate at 28℃ for 5 days to obtain the fermentation broth;

[0078] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and fermentation liquid at a mass ratio of 2:19, heat to 45℃, stir at 130 rpm for 23 h, centrifuge at 9000 rpm for 7 min, wash with deionized water 3 times, and dry at 65℃ for 7 h to obtain straw fiber.

[0079] (2) Construction of planting facilities: A greenhouse with good light transmission and strong heat preservation is adopted, equipped with shade nets, ventilation equipment and drip irrigation system; Design of cultivation troughs: A trapezoidal structure is selected, the cultivation trough is 85cm wide, the planting depth is 8cm, the trough spacing is 90cm, the bottom is laid with drainage pipes, the pipe diameter is controlled at 70mm, the laying slope is controlled at 0.5%, and 0.1% potassium permanganate solution is sprayed for disinfection before planting;

[0080] (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation; Ningyu is the strawberry variety; Boge is the melon variety.

[0081] (4) Planting: Strawberry mother plants are selected in mid-August for seedling cultivation. Qualified seedlings are obtained in late September and planted in late September. Double rows are staggered on both sides of the cultivation trough, with a row spacing of 28cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. Melons are treated and germinated in late February of the following year, and sown in seed trays in early March. They reach the planting standard in late March and are planted in late March. Single rows are planted in the center of the cultivation trough. Support rods are erected on both sides of the cultivation trough, and the grid is tightened and fixed horizontally to form a double-layer plane. The plant spacing is controlled at 45cm. They are intercropped with strawberries to form a double-height spatial layout.

[0082] (5) Field management: including temperature and light control, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment and pest and disease control;

[0083] The temperature and light regulation includes: during the early stage of strawberry growth, the greenhouse daytime temperature is controlled at 24℃ and the nighttime temperature at 10℃; during the flowering and fruiting period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 20℃ and the nighttime temperature at 12℃; during the early stage of melon growth, the daytime temperature is maintained at 27℃ and the nighttime temperature at 18℃; after fruit set, the daytime temperature is controlled at 31℃ and the nighttime temperature at 19℃; the average daily light intensity during the strawberry fruiting period is controlled at 18,000 LUX; and the average daily light intensity during the melon expansion period is controlled at 50,000 LUX.

[0084] Integrated water and fertilizer management includes maintaining a field water holding capacity of 70%, an air humidity of 60% during the strawberry flowering period, and reducing it to 55% during the melon ripening period;

[0085] A drip irrigation system was used to supply fertilizer in different areas and at different times. High-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 1.9 mS / cm was applied to strawberries during the budding and fruit expansion stages. Balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.3 mS / cm was applied to melons from the vine extension stage to the fruit setting stage. At the same time, foliar fertilization was carried out every 18 days, spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and micronutrient fertilizer. The micronutrient fertilizer was zinc furfuryl alcohol.

[0086] Plant management includes: removing old strawberry leaves, lateral buds, and non-fruiting lateral vines and tendrils of melons, and thinning the fruit; during the fruit enlargement period, covering each bunch of fruit with a polyethylene net bag and hanging it on a support net to prevent it from touching the ground and rotting.

[0087] Pest and disease control includes chemical control, specifically: spraying a 1000-fold dilution of 25% ethirimol suspension.

[0088] (6) Harvesting: Strawberries can be harvested when the surface color of the fruit reaches 85% red ripeness, usually in early December, with a 3-day interval between harvests; melons can be harvested when they emit fragrance or have cracks around the stem, usually in early May, with the stem and part of the vine retained during harvest.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] Comparative Example 1 is the same as Example 1, except that the method for preparing straw fiber is different, specifically:

[0091] Straw fiber is obtained by the following methods:

[0092] A1. Select corn stalks, crush them, grind them, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain stalk powder;

[0093] A2. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:2:1:70, stir for 8 min, adjust the pH to 5, and sterilize at 120℃ for 1 h to obtain the culture medium; inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to culture medium at 5:90, control the temperature at 25℃, and incubate for 5 days. Centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 3 min, collect the supernatant, and obtain the buffer solution; mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.2:100, stir at 80 rpm for 8 min, and incubate at 25℃ for 4 days to obtain the fermentation broth;

[0094] A3. Mix straw powder and fermentation liquid at a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 40℃, stir at 100 rpm for 20 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, wash 3 times with deionized water, and dry at 60℃ for 6 h to obtain straw fiber.

[0095] Comparative Example 2

[0096] Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 1, except that the method for preparing straw fiber is different, specifically:

[0097] Straw fiber is obtained by the following methods:

[0098] A1. Select corn stalks, crush them, grind them, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain stalk powder;

[0099] A2. Mix straw powder and laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5:70, heat to 40℃, adjust pH to 5, and stir at 80 rpm for 12 hours to obtain pretreated straw powder; wherein, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:6:87.

[0100] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:2:1:70, stir for 8 min, adjust pH to 5, sterilize at 120℃ for 1 h to obtain the culture medium; inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to culture medium to be 5:90, control the temperature to be 25℃, culture for 5 days, centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 3 min, collect the supernatant to obtain the buffer solution;

[0101] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and buffer solution at a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 40℃, stir at 100 rpm for 20 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, wash 3 times with deionized water, and dry at 60℃ for 6 h to obtain straw fiber.

[0102] Comparative Example 3

[0103] Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 1, except that the method for preparing straw fiber is different, specifically:

[0104] Straw fiber is obtained by the following methods:

[0105] A1. Select corn stalks, crush them, grind them, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain stalk powder;

[0106] A2. Mix straw powder and laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5:70, heat to 40℃, adjust pH to 5, and stir at 80 rpm for 12 hours to obtain pretreated straw powder; wherein, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:6:87.

[0107] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:2:1:70, stir for 8 min, adjust pH to 5, sterilize at 120℃ for 1 h to obtain culture medium; mix dithiothreitol in a mass ratio of 0.2:100 with culture medium, stir at 80 rpm for 8 min, and incubate at 25℃ for 4 days to obtain fermentation broth;

[0108] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and fermentation liquid at a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 40℃, stir at 100 rpm for 20 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, wash three times with deionized water, and dry at 60℃ for 6 h to obtain straw fiber.

[0109] Performance testing

[0110] The survival rate of strawberries was counted on December 15th, and the survival rate of melons was counted on May 16th.

[0111] Table 1

[0112] Test Project Strawberry survival rate (%) Melon survival rate (%) Example 1 94 95 Example 2 96 96 Example 3 95 95 Comparative Example 1 88 90 Comparative Example 2 85 86 Comparative Example 3 80 80

[0113] As can be seen from the test data in Table 1, the intercropping method provided by this invention has significant effects on improving the economic benefits of crops, and can also significantly improve the survival rate of strawberries and melons; the introduction of straw fiber can greatly improve the survival rate of crops.

[0114] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping strawberries and melons, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it; (2) Construction of planting facilities: Use greenhouses with good light transmission and strong heat preservation, equipped with shade nets, ventilation equipment and drip irrigation system; Design of cultivation troughs: Select trapezoidal structure, control the trough spacing to 80-100cm, lay drainage pipes at the bottom, and spray 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection before planting; (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation; (4) Planting: Strawberry mother plants are selected in mid-August for seedling cultivation. Qualified seedlings are obtained in late September and planted in late September. Double rows are planted in staggered positions on both sides of the cultivation trough. Melon seeds are treated and germinated in late February of the following year. They are sown in plug trays in early March and reach the planting standard in late March. They are planted in late March in a single row in the center of the cultivation trough and intercropped with strawberries to form a double-high-low spatial layout. (5) Field management: including temperature and light regulation, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment and pest and disease control; (6) Harvesting: Harvest in a timely manner according to the harvest season; The matrix in step (1) is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts coconut coir, 15-25 parts fermented cow dung, 10-20 parts perlite, 20-30 parts decomposed straw, 5-10 parts sawdust, and 3-6 parts straw fiber; The straw fiber is obtained by the following method: A1. Select corn stalks, crush, grind, and sieve to obtain stalk powder; A2. Mix straw powder and laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5-8:70-80, heat to 40-50℃, adjust pH, and stir for 12-16 hours to obtain pretreated straw powder; wherein, the laccase-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1-3:6-10:87-94. A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8-10:2-4:1-2:70-90, stir for 8-12 minutes, adjust the pH, and sterilize to obtain a culture medium. Inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, controlling the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium at 5-8:90-100, control the temperature at 25-32℃, and incubate for 5-7 days. Centrifuge and collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution. Mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.2-0.4:100-120, stir for 8-10 minutes, and incubate at 25-30℃ for 4-6 days to obtain the fermentation broth. A4. Mix pretreated straw powder and fermentation liquid in a mass ratio of 1-3:15-20, heat and stir for 20-25 hours, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain straw fiber.

2. The intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variety selection in step (3) is as follows: the strawberry varieties are Hongyan, Zhangji, Ningfeng or Ningyu; the melon varieties are Tangtian No. 10, Haimi No. 8 or Boge.

3. The intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature and light regulation in step (5) includes: During the early stage of strawberry fruit formation, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 22-25℃ and the nighttime temperature at 8-11℃; during the flowering and fruiting period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 18-22℃ and the nighttime temperature at 8-15℃; during the early stage of melon growth, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 25-29℃ and the nighttime temperature at 16-19℃; after fruit set, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 26-33℃ and the nighttime temperature at 18-20℃. The average daily light intensity during the strawberry fruiting period should be controlled at 15,000-20,000 LUX; the average daily light intensity during the melon expansion period should be controlled at 40,000-60,000 LUX.

4. The intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated water and fertilizer management in step (5) includes: Maintain humidity at 65-75% of field capacity; during strawberry flowering, maintain air humidity at 55-60%; and during melon ripening, reduce humidity to 55%. A drip irrigation system is used to supply fertilizer in different areas and at different times. High-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 1.8-2.0 mS / cm is applied to strawberries during the budding and fruit expansion stages. Balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.2-2.5 mS / cm is applied to melons from the vine extension stage to the fruit setting stage. At the same time, foliar fertilization is carried out every 15-20 days, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and trace element fertilizer.

5. The intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant adjustment in step (5) includes: Remove old strawberry leaves, side buds, and non-fruiting lateral vines and tendrils of melons in a timely manner to thin the fruit; during the fruit enlargement period, cover each bunch of fruit with a polyethylene net and hang it on a support net to prevent it from rotting on the ground.

6. The intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pest and disease control in step (5) includes at least one of physical control, biological control and chemical control.

7. The intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting process in step (6) specifically involves: Strawberries can be harvested when they are 80-90% red and ripe, usually in early to mid-December, with a harvesting interval of 2-3 days. Melons can be harvested when they emit a fragrance or when there are cracks around the stem, usually in early to mid-May. When harvesting, the stem and part of the vine should be retained.