A detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling, its application and usage method

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of bogie assembly, and more particularly to a detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling, its application, and its usage method. The overall structure includes a crossbeam support section, with a side frame support section on each side. The crossbeam support section and the side frame support sections are connected by a mortise and tenon structure design, which provides good stability and high assembly precision. During use, the flatness of the reference surface is controlled within 1mm. Positioning reference lines are engraved on the surface of the tooling, controlling the difference in the diagonal lengths of the four guide frame seats to within 1.5mm, while also ensuring central symmetry and parallelism. The high assembly precision of the mortise and tenon structure eliminates the need for machining the tooling, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. This tooling also features a detachable structure design, significantly saving space for storage and organization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of bogie assembly, and more particularly to a detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling, its application, and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial component of train operation, the bogie is vital to train safety. With the continuous advancement of modern manufacturing, welded bogies are gradually replacing cast bogies, thus placing higher demands on assembly processes. In the context of significant speed increases in railway operations, the assembly quality of bogies is particularly important.

[0003] Traditionally, we've used simple butt joints, lap joints, and T-joints for connecting sheet metal steel structures. These methods rely heavily on manual marking, support platforms, process braces, and numerous other auxiliary tools, resulting in low production efficiency, high labor intensity, and requiring at least two people working together. Furthermore, these connections are prone to deformation after welding, and dimensional accuracy is difficult to guarantee, often necessitating subsequent machining to meet usage requirements. This leads to long production cycles and high costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned defects by providing a detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling, its application, and its usage method.

[0005] In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: the overall structure of this detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling includes a crossbeam support part, and a side frame support part is provided on each side of the crossbeam support part. The crossbeam support part is connected to the side frame support parts on both sides through a connecting part. The connecting part is in the shape of an "I"; The side frame support part includes a side frame base, a side frame support seat connected to each end of the side frame base by a mortise and tenon structure, and two clamping mechanisms fixedly connected to each side frame support seat. The crossbeam support part includes a crossbeam base, a crossbeam support seat located above the crossbeam base, and crossbeam height limit stops connected to both sides of the crossbeam base. There is a limit stop cushion block above the crossbeam height limit stops. Crossbeam side stops are provided on both sides of the crossbeam support seat, a crossbeam positioning pin is provided at the center of the upper end surface, a crossbeam positioning tenon head is provided on the lower end surface of the crossbeam support seat, and an operation hole is further provided on one side of the crossbeam support seat. The crossbeam positioning tenon head is connected in a mating manner with a mortise hole provided on the crossbeam base, and the mortise and tenon mating clearance is 0.3 mm. A screw jacking mechanism is also connected between the crossbeam support seat and the crossbeam base. The screw jacking mechanism includes a crossbeam positioning sleeve welded to the upper end surface inside the crossbeam support seat, a nut welded to the upper end surface inside the crossbeam base. The crossbeam positioning sleeve is connected to a screw rod, the nut is connected to the screw rod, and a handwheel is also connected to the screw rod and is located inside the crossbeam support seat. The handwheel is operated through the operation hole; The side frame support seat includes two parts, a cube and a cuboid. The cuboid is located at the upper center position of the cube and is an integrally formed structure, forming a "convex" shape as a whole. Sliding positioning stops are provided above the cube and on both sides of the cuboid. A positioning reference structure is provided on the side frame support seat.

[0006] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that the included angle between the two tightening mechanisms is 90 degrees after being fixed on the side frame support seat.

[0007] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that a mortise hole for connecting the side frame support seat is provided on the side frame base, and a tenon head that is in mating connection with the mortise hole is provided at the lower end of the side frame support seat, and the mating clearance is 0.2 mm.

[0008] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that a positioning stop handle is provided on one side of the sliding positioning stop, a positioning stop tenon head is provided below the sliding positioning stop main body, and positioning reference notches are provided on the upper and lower end surfaces of the sliding positioning stop main body. The positioning stop tenon head is connected in a side frame support seat chute provided on the side frame support seat, and the mating clearance is 0.3 mm.

[0009] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that a side frame base connection groove for connecting the connection part is provided on the side frame base, the shape of the side frame base connection groove is the same as the shape of the connection part at the connection, and the mating clearance is 0.2 mm. A center positioning reference notch four and a center positioning reference notch three are also provided on the side frame base.

[0010] According to another embodiment of the present invention, it further includes that crossbeam base connection grooves for connecting the connection part are provided at the left and right ends of the crossbeam base, the shape of the crossbeam base connection groove is the same as the shape of the connection part at the connection, and the mating clearance is 0.2 mm. A demolding port for the crossbeam height limit stop is also provided on the crossbeam base.

[0011] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the positioning reference structure further includes a center line formed by drawing a horizontal line and a vertical line on the upper surface of the cuboid portion.

[0012] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the positioning reference structure further includes a central positioning reference notch, an edge positioning reference notch and a central positioning reference notch provided around the periphery of the upper plane of the cuboid, and a central positioning reference notch provided around the periphery of the upper and lower planes of the cube.

[0013] This type of detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling is used in the overall assembly of welded bogies.

[0014] The method of using this detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling is characterized by the following: Step 1: Assemble the detachable mortise and tenon structure fixture: a. Place the crossbeam base and the side frame support parts located on both sides of the crossbeam base in a suitable position, and after leveling their upper planes, insert the two ends of the connecting parts into the crossbeam base connecting groove and the side frame base connecting groove provided on the crossbeam base and the side frame support parts respectively, so that the three are connected into a whole. b. Assemble the side frame support part, insert the tenon at the lower end of the side frame support base into the mortise hole of the side frame base, and insert the tenon at the lower end of the sliding positioning stop into the sliding groove of the side frame support base on the side frame support base. c. Assemble the crossbeam support base by inserting the crossbeam positioning tenon at the lower end of the crossbeam support base into the mortise on the crossbeam base. Step 2: Assemble and weld the structural bogie using mortise and tenon joint fixtures. a. Hoist the crossbeam on the bogie onto the crossbeam support seat, and insert the crossbeam positioning pin at the center of the upper plane of the crossbeam support seat into the pin hole of the lower plate on the crossbeam. At the same time, there are four crossbeam side stops on both sides of the lower cover plate of the crossbeam to control its interior. The center line of the crossbeam coincides with the center line of the tooling at this time. b. Place the two crossbeam height limit stops on both sides of the center of the crossbeam, and manually adjust the handwheel so that the screw lifting mechanism slowly and horizontally raises the crossbeam support, crossbeam, crossbeam height limit stops, and limit stop pad together until the hook of the crossbeam height limit stop just hooks onto the upper cover plate of the crossbeam support. c. Hoist the side frame on the bogie onto the side frame support seat, so that the reference plane of the side frame contacts the plane of the side frame support seat. Adjust the longitudinal clamping mechanism and slowly push it forward along the longitudinal centerline under the force of the clamping mechanism, so that the transverse centerline of the side frame coincides with the transverse centerline of the tooling side frame. At the same time, you can see that the two sides of the lower cover plate of the side frame are aligned with the reference notch on the side frame support seat surface. In addition, under the force of the transverse clamping mechanism, it is also necessary to adjust the longitudinal centerline of the side frame to coincide with the longitudinal centerline of the tooling side frame to ensure that the side frame is accurately positioned, and ensure that the center distance between the two side frames is 1956mm, the flatness of its four reference planes is less than 1.5mm, the difference of the diagonals is ≦1.5mm, and the height difference between the upper plane of the crossbeam and the reference plane is 20mm. Spot weld the crossbeam to the side frame to fix it. d. Assemble the guide frame seat and wedge seat on the bogie. Before assembly, move the sliding positioning stop forward so that the positioning stop tenon slides to the end of the side frame support seat groove. At this time, the positioning reference notch on the sliding positioning stop is aligned with the transverse center line on the transverse side frame support seat. At the same time, the outer sides of the two sliding positioning stops are parallel and the distance between them is 290±0.5mm. Then, place the wedge seat and guide frame seat in the designated positions and spot weld them to complete the assembly. e. After spot welding and fixing, demolding is performed. First, move the sliding positioning block backward. Then, remove the limiting block pad. Next, move the beam height limiting block to the demolding opening of the beam base and remove the beam height limiting block. Then, manually rotate the screw lifting mechanism to move the beam support seat down to the base. Only then can demolding be performed.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Because this tooling adopts a mortise and tenon structure, the positions of the tenons and mortises are rationally arranged, and the mating clearances are carefully designed, ensuring good stability and high assembly accuracy after assembly and welding. Since the tooling uses a positive assembly design and utilizes the bogie's own weight (approximately 1.2t) for positioning, it better controls assembly quality and reduces unnecessary labor during assembly. This makes it easier to control dimensions during bogie assembly, ensuring that the flatness of reference surface A can be controlled within 1mm. The positioning reference lines engraved on the upper surface of the tooling control the difference in the diagonal lengths of the four guide frame seats' centers to be within 1.5mm, while also ensuring central symmetry and parallelism. 2. Since both the component tooling and the final assembly tooling adopt mortise and tenon structure, and the adjacent plates are connected by mortise and tenon, the assembly accuracy is high, which saves the amount of machining work on the tooling and thus reduces the manufacturing cost of the tooling. 3. This assembly fixture features a detachable design, dividing into three parts after disassembly, which significantly saves space for storage and organization. Furthermore, its rational structural design and simple operation greatly reduce the labor intensity of employees and significantly improve production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Structural diagram of the middle side frame support section; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Structural diagram of the middle side frame base; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the middle side frame support base; Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the middle sliding positioning stop; Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the central clamping mechanism; Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Structural diagram of the middle crossbeam support section; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the crossbeam support; Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the middle lead screw lifting mechanism; Figure 10 yes Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the cross-sectional view of the central crossbeam support section; Figure 11 This is a structural schematic diagram of the application of the present invention in three dimensions; Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of the main view of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a top view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a structural schematic diagram of the application of the present invention from a side view; Figure 15 This is a top view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; The components are as follows: 1. Connecting part; 2. Side frame support part; 3. Tightening mechanism; 4. Crossbeam support seat; 5. Crossbeam support part; 6. Demolding port; 7. Operating hole; 8. Crossbeam base; 9. Crossbeam height limit stop; 10. Limit stop pad; 11. Crossbeam side stop; 12. Crossbeam base connecting groove; 13. Sliding positioning stop; 14. Center line; 15. Side frame support seat; 16. Side frame base; 17. Center positioning reference notch four; 18. Mortise hole; 19. Center positioning reference notch three; 20. Side frame base connecting groove; 21. Positioning reference notch. 22. Positioning stop handle; 23. Positioning stop tenon; 24. Tenon; 25. Side frame support seat groove; 26. Crossbeam positioning pin; 27. Crossbeam positioning tenon; 28. Crossbeam positioning sleeve; 29. ​​Nut; 30. Screw rod; 31. Handwheel; 32. Edge positioning reference notch; 33. Center positioning reference notch one; 34. Center positioning reference notch two; 35. Side frame transverse center line; 36. Transverse center line; 37. The other side frame transverse center line; 38. Longitudinal center line; 39. Wedge seat; 40. Guide frame seat; 41. Side frame; 42. Crossbeam. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Due to the maturity of modern laser cutting technology, its cutting accuracy can reach 0.03~0.05mm, while the ancient mortise and tenon structure has advantages such as high assembly accuracy, strong resistance to deformation, and easy disassembly. The overall structure cleverly combines the two, thereby achieving the requirements of reducing manufacturing costs and improving assembly accuracy. Therefore, based on the technical requirements of the bogie, the mortise and tenon structure, with its advantages of high precision, good stability, low manufacturing cost, and disassembly, adopts a mortise and tenon structure design scheme for the bogie assembly tooling.

[0020] like Figure 1-10The diagram shows the structure of a detachable mortise and tenon joint fixture. Its overall structure includes a crossbeam support portion 5, with a side frame support portion 2 on each side of the crossbeam support portion 5. The crossbeam support portion 5 and the side frame support portions 2 are connected by a connecting portion 1. The fixture is designed in three main parts and several individual components, thus meeting both usage requirements and ensuring flexibility. To guarantee the fixture's precision, a mortise and tenon joint design is used. The entire manufacturing process only requires inserting the tenon into the corresponding mortise, and finally, only a small amount of welding is needed, thus avoiding manufacturing errors and welding deformation. To ensure the finished fixture meets usage requirements, the fit clearance and position between the mortise and tenon joints are controlled optimally to ensure the fixture's stability. The fit clearance of the moving parts is controlled within 0.3mm, ensuring both functional flexibility and dimensional control.

[0021] like Figure 1 As can be seen, the connecting part 1 is in the shape of an "I". In order to ensure that the reference center line dimension of the three bases meets the design requirements after assembly, the connecting part is designed as an "I" shape, and the mortise and tenon gap is controlled within 0.2mm. This ensures the overall stability of the base. Through close contact, the reference center line after connection and assembly reaches an error of 0.4mm, and the diagonal difference is less than 1mm.

[0022] like Figure 2-6 The diagram shows the structure of the side frame support part 2. The side frame support part 2 includes a side frame base 16, a side frame support seat 15 connected to each end of the side frame base 16 by a mortise and tenon structure, and two clamping mechanisms 3 fixedly connected to each side frame support seat 15. The tenon on the lower surface of the side frame support seat 15 is inserted into the mortise hole of the side frame base 16, and the fit clearance is 0.2mm, which can completely prevent the side frame support seat from shifting and make tight contact with the side frame base 16.

[0023] like Figure 7-10This is a schematic diagram of the crossbeam support part 5. The crossbeam support part 5 includes a crossbeam base 8, a crossbeam support seat 4 located above the crossbeam base 8, and crossbeam height limiting stops 9 connected to both sides of the crossbeam base 8. A limiting stop block 10 is provided above the crossbeam height limiting stop 9. The limiting stop block 10 is a free-moving part, which is set up to facilitate the demolding of the height limiting stop. Crossbeam side stops 11 are provided on both sides of the crossbeam support seat 4, and a crossbeam positioning pin 26 is provided at the center of the upper end face. A crossbeam positioning tenon 27 is provided on the lower end face of the crossbeam support seat 4. An operating hole 7 is also provided on one side of the crossbeam support seat 4. The crossbeam positioning tenon 27 is connected to the mortise hole provided on the crossbeam base 8. The mortise and tenon fit clearance is 0.3mm. Since the crossbeam support seat needs to move up and down by 30mm during operation, the mortise and tenon fit clearance is set to 0.3mm. This can effectively play a guiding role and well control the change value of the support seat in space. A screw lifting mechanism is also connected between the crossbeam support 4 and the crossbeam base 8. The screw lifting mechanism is used to lift the crossbeam support, so that the vertical height between the upper plane of the crossbeam and the side frame reference plane is controlled at 20mm under the control of the two crossbeam height limit stops. The screw lifting mechanism includes a crossbeam positioning sleeve 28 welded to the upper surface inside the crossbeam support 4 and a nut 29 welded to the upper surface inside the crossbeam base 8. A screw 30 is connected to the crossbeam positioning sleeve 28, and the nut 29 is connected to the screw 30. A handwheel 31 is also connected to the screw 30 and is located inside the crossbeam support 4. The handwheel 31 is operated through the operating hole 7. like Figure 4 As shown, the side frame support 15 consists of two parts: a cube and a cuboid. The cuboid is located at the top center of the cube and is an integrally formed structure. Sliding positioning stops 13 are provided on the top of the cube and on both sides of the cuboid. The functions of the sliding positioning stops 13 are: firstly, to provide a supporting positioning surface for assembling the guide frame seat and the wedge seat; secondly, to control the distance and central symmetry between the guide frame seat and the wedge seat; and thirdly, to facilitate bogie demolding when moved backward. The side frame support 15 is equipped with a positioning reference structure. To ensure smooth assembly and convenient inspection during use, a positioning reference structure is provided, including: a center line 14 formed by two lines, one horizontal and one vertical, drawn on the upper surface of the cuboid; a center positioning reference notch 33 and an edge positioning reference notch 32 on the periphery of the upper plane of the cuboid; and a center positioning reference notch 34 on the periphery of the upper and lower planes of the cube. These features are used to verify the center line and align the edge of the side frame lower cover plate for easy inspection during assembly, and also to facilitate acceptance inspection after tooling fabrication.

[0024] After the two clamping mechanisms 3 are fixed on the side frame support 15, their included angle is 90 degrees, forming a clamping mechanism 3 in the longitudinal direction and a clamping mechanism 3 in the transverse direction.

[0025] The side frame base 16 has mortises 18 for connecting to the side frame support 15. The lower end of the side frame support 15 has a tenon 24 that mates with the mortises 18, with a clearance of 0.2mm. Figure 3 As shown.

[0026] like Figure 5 As shown, a positioning handle 22 is provided on one side of the sliding positioning stop 13, a positioning tenon 23 is provided below the main body of the sliding positioning stop 13, and a positioning reference notch 21 is provided on the upper and lower end faces of the main body of the sliding positioning stop 13. The positioning tenon 23 is connected to the side support seat slide groove 25 provided on the side support seat 15, and the fit clearance is 0.3mm, which just meets the needs of its front and rear sliding function, while also controlling the size requirements well.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the side frame base 16 is provided with a side frame base connecting groove 20 for connecting the connecting part 1. The shape of the side frame base connecting groove 20 is consistent with the shape of the connecting part 1, and the fitting gap is 0.2mm. The side frame base 16 is also provided with a center positioning reference notch 4 17 and a center positioning reference notch 3 19. When the side frame support 15 is mortised and tenoned to the side frame base 16, the center positioning reference notch 2 34 on the side frame support 15 corresponds to the center positioning reference notch 3 19.

[0028] The left and right ends of the crossbeam base 8 are provided with crossbeam base connecting grooves 12 for connecting the connecting part 1. The shape of the crossbeam base connecting groove 12 is consistent with the shape of the connecting part 1. The fitting gap is 0.2mm. Therefore, the crossbeam base 8 is also provided with a demolding port 6 for the crossbeam height limiting stop 9.

[0029] like Figure 11-15 As shown, the aforementioned detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling is mainly used in the overall assembly of welded bogie structures, wherein... Figure 15 The baseline that needs to be applied below is marked on the top.

[0030] The application methods of detachable mortise and tenon joint fixtures in the final assembly of welded bogies include: Step 1: Assemble the detachable mortise and tenon structure fixture: a. Place the crossbeam base 8 and the side frame support parts 2 located on both sides of the crossbeam base 8 in a suitable position, and after leveling their upper planes, insert the two ends of the connecting part 1 into the crossbeam base connecting groove 12 and the side frame base connecting groove 20 set on the crossbeam base 8 and the side frame support parts 2 respectively, so that the three are connected into a whole. In order to ensure that the reference center line dimension of the three bases meets the design requirements after assembly, the connecting part is designed as an I-shape, and the mortise and tenon gap is controlled within 0.2mm. This ensures the overall stability of the base. Through close contact, the reference center line after connection and assembly reaches an error of 0.4mm, and the diagonal difference is less than 1mm. b. Assemble the side frame support part 2. Insert the tenon 24 at the lower end of the side frame support seat 15 into the mortise 18 of the side frame base 16. The fit clearance is 0.2mm, which can completely prevent the support seat from shifting and make tight contact with the base. Insert the positioning stop tenon 23 at the lower end of the sliding positioning stop 13 into the side frame support seat slide groove 25 on the side frame support seat 15. The design clearance is 0.3mm, which can just meet the needs of its front and rear sliding function, while also controlling the size requirements well. c. Assemble the crossbeam support 4 by inserting the crossbeam positioning tenon 27 at the lower end of the crossbeam support 4 into the mortise on the crossbeam base 8. Since the crossbeam support needs to move up and down by 30mm during operation, the mortise and tenon fit clearance is set to 0.3mm. This effectively guides the crossbeam and controls the spatial position change of the support. Additionally, a manual screw lifting mechanism is installed inside the support to raise the crossbeam support, ensuring that the vertical height between the upper plane of the crossbeam and the side frame reference plane is controlled at 20mm under the control of the two crossbeam height limit stops. The second step is to install the welded bogie structure into the mortise and tenon structure tooling. Before assembly, the side frames and crossbeams of the bogie have undergone straightening and heat treatment, laying the foundation for subsequent quality control of the final assembly. a. Hoist the crossbeam 42 on the bogie onto the crossbeam support 4, and insert the crossbeam positioning pin 26 at the center of the upper plane of the crossbeam support 4 into the pin hole of the lower plate on the crossbeam 42. At the same time, there are four crossbeam side stops on both sides of the lower cover plate of the crossbeam to control its interior. In this way, the positional freedom of the crossbeam 42 on the support is locked, and the center line of the crossbeam coincides with the longitudinal center line 38 at this time. b. Place the two crossbeam height limit stops 9 on both sides of the center of the crossbeam, and manually adjust the handwheel 31 so that the screw lifting mechanism slowly and horizontally raises the crossbeam support 4, the crossbeam, the crossbeam height limit stops 9, and the limit stop pad 10 together, so that the hook of the crossbeam height limit stop 9 just hooks the upper cover plate of the crossbeam support 4. During the movement, since the tenon on the lower plane of the crossbeam support always slides along the mortise hole of the crossbeam base, the support only moves up and down, and its center line will not deviate from its position. c. Hoist the side frame 41 on the bogie onto the side frame support 15, so that the reference plane of the side frame 41 contacts the plane of the side frame support 15. Since the bogie structure is that the end of the crossbeam is inserted into the hole in the web of the side frame, adjust the longitudinal tightening mechanism 3. Under the action of the tightening mechanism 3, slowly push it forward along the longitudinal center line so that the transverse center line of the side frame coincides with the transverse center line of the tooling side frame. At the same time, it can be seen that the two sides of the lower cover plate of the side frame are aligned with the reference notch on the surface of the side frame support 15. In addition, under the action of the transverse tightening mechanism 3, it is also necessary to adjust the longitudinal center line of the side frame to coincide with the longitudinal center line of the tooling side frame to ensure that the side frame is accurately positioned and that the center distance between the two side frames is 1956mm. The flatness of its four reference planes is less than 1.5mm, the difference of the diagonals is ≦1.5mm, and the height difference between the upper plane of the crossbeam and the reference plane is 20mm. At this point, all data meet the requirements of the drawing. Spot weld the crossbeam and the side frame to fix them. d. Assemble the guide frame seat 40 and wedge seat 39 on the bogie. Before assembly, move the sliding positioning stop 13 forward so that the positioning stop tenon 23 slides to the end of the side frame support seat groove 25. At this time, the positioning reference notch 21 on the sliding positioning stop 13 is aligned with the transverse center line 14 on the transverse side frame support seat 15. At the same time, the outer sides of the two sliding positioning stops 13 are parallel and the distance is 290±0.5mm. Then, place the wedge seat and guide frame seat in the designated positions and spot weld them to complete the assembly. Since the inner contact surface of the wedge seat and guide frame seat is a rectangular plane, the outer side of the sliding positioning stop is equal to this surface in the tooling design. That is, the two sides are in contact, the two sides are aligned, and the lower edge is supported on the support seat surface. In this way, the transverse center line of the wedge seat and guide frame seat coincides with the transverse center line of the side frame in the V-plane position, achieving the design requirement that the position deviation is less than 2.5mm. e. After welding is completed, demolding is performed. First, move the sliding positioning block 13 backward. Then, remove the limiting block 10. Next, move the beam height limiting block 9 to the demolding opening 6 of the beam base 8 and remove the beam height limiting block 9. Then, manually rotate the screw lifting mechanism to move the beam support seat down to the base. Only then can demolding be performed.

[0031] After assembly, the bogie is inspected to achieve the following: 1. The deviation between the center plane of the guide frame seat and the wedge seat of the same frame and the center plane of the transverse measurement is 2.1mm, and the side dimensions of the 1st and 2nd positions of the same frame are between 2091.5 and 2092.3mm; 2. The flatness value of the four reference planes is 1.3 mm; 3. The difference between the diagonals of the centers of the four guide frame seats is 1.4mm; 4. The center distance between the two side frames is 1957mm, the distance between the two axes is 1801mm, the distance between the wedge seat and the guide frame seat is between 289 and 291, and the difference between the reference plane A and the upper plane of the crossbeam is 20mm.

[0032] In summary, the data results all meet the design requirements, and the assembly process is simple, the dimensions are easy to control, the production efficiency is high, and the manufacturing cost is low.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling, characterized in that: The overall structure includes a crossbeam support part (5), and a side frame support part (2) is provided on each side of the crossbeam support part (5). The crossbeam support part (5) and the side frame support parts (2) on both sides are connected by a connecting part (1). The connecting part (1) is in the shape of an "I"; The side frame support part (2) includes a side frame base (16), a side frame support seat (15) connected to each end of the side frame base (16) by a mortise and tenon structure, and two clamping mechanisms (3) fixedly connected to each side frame support seat (15). The side frame base (16) is provided with a mortise (18) for connecting the side frame support (15), and the lower end of the side frame support (15) is provided with a tenon (24) that mates with the mortise (18) with a clearance of 0.2 mm. The side frame base (16) is provided with a side frame base connecting groove (20) for connecting the connecting part (1). The shape of the side frame base connecting groove (20) is consistent with the shape of the connecting part (1) at the connection point. The fitting gap is 0.2mm. The side frame base (16) is also provided with a center positioning reference notch four (17) and a center positioning reference notch three (19). The crossbeam support part (5) includes a crossbeam base (8), a crossbeam support seat (4) located above the crossbeam base (8), and crossbeam height limiting stops (9) connected to both sides of the crossbeam base (8). A limiting stop pad (10) is provided above the crossbeam height limiting stop (9). Crossbeam side stops (11) are provided on both sides of the crossbeam support seat (4), and a crossbeam positioning pin (26) is provided at the center of the upper end face. A crossbeam positioning tenon (27) is provided on the lower end face of the crossbeam support seat (4). An operating hole (7) is also provided on one side of the crossbeam support seat (4). The crossbeam positioning tenon (27) is connected to the crossbeam base (8). The mortise and tenon joints are connected with a mortise and tenon joint gap of 0.3mm. A screw lifting mechanism is also connected between the crossbeam support (4) and the crossbeam base (8). The screw lifting mechanism includes a crossbeam positioning sleeve (28) welded to the upper surface inside the crossbeam support (4) and a nut (29) welded to the upper surface inside the crossbeam base (8). A screw (30) is connected to the crossbeam positioning sleeve (28), and the nut (29) is connected to the screw (30). A handwheel (31) is also connected to the screw (30) and is located inside the crossbeam support (4). The handwheel (31) is operated through the operating hole (7). The left and right ends of the beam base (8) are provided with beam base connecting grooves (12) for connecting the connecting part (1). The shape of the beam base connecting groove (12) is consistent with the shape of the connecting part (1) and the fitting gap is 0.2mm. The beam base (8) is also provided with a demolding port (6) for the beam height limiting stop (9). The side frame support seat (15) includes two parts, a cube and a cuboid. The cuboid is located at the upper center of the cube and is an integrally formed structure, forming a "convex" shape as a whole. On the upper side of the cube and on both sides of the cuboid, there are sliding positioning stops (13), and a positioning reference structure is provided on the side frame support seat (15); On one side of the sliding positioning stop (13), there is a positioning stop handle (22). Below the main body of the sliding positioning stop (13), there is a positioning stop tenon (23), and positioning reference gaps (21) are provided on the upper and lower end faces of the main body of the sliding positioning stop (13). The positioning stop tenon (23) is connected in a side frame support seat chute (25) provided on the side frame support seat (15), and the fitting clearance is 0.3 mm.

2. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: After the two clamping mechanisms (3) are fixed on the side frame support seat (15), the included angle between them is 90 degrees.

3. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning reference structure is a center line (14) formed by drawing one horizontal line and one vertical line on the upper end face of the cuboid part.

4. The detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning reference structure is a center positioning reference notch one (33), an edge positioning reference notch (32) provided on the peripheral edge of the upper plane of the cuboid part, and a center positioning reference notch two (34) provided on the peripheral edge of the upper and lower planes of the cube part.

5. The application of the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: For application in the general assembly of a welded structure bogie.

6. The method of using the detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling as described in claim 4, characterized in that, This usage method includes: The first step is to assemble a detachable mortise and tenon structure tooling: a. Place the crossbeam base (8) and the side frame support parts (2) on both sides of the crossbeam base (8) in appropriate positions. After leveling their upper planes, insert both ends of the connecting part (1) into the crossbeam base connecting slots (12) and side frame base connecting slots (20) provided on the crossbeam base (8) and the side frame support parts (2) respectively to connect the three into a whole; b. Assemble the side frame support parts (2). Insert the tenon (24) at the lower end of the side frame support seat (15) into the mortise hole (18) of the side frame base (16), and insert the positioning stop tenon (23) at the lower end of the sliding positioning stop (13) into the side frame support seat chute (25) on the side frame support seat (15); c. Assemble the crossbeam support seat (4). Insert the crossbeam positioning tenon (27) at the lower end of the crossbeam support seat (4) into the mortise hole on the crossbeam base (8); The second step is to assemble a welded structure bogie with the mortise and tenon structure tooling: a. Lift the crossbeam (42) on the bogie and place it on the crossbeam support seat (4), and insert the crossbeam positioning pin (26) at the center of the upper plane of the crossbeam support seat (4) into the lower plate pin hole on the crossbeam (42). At the same time, the two side edges of the lower cover plate of the crossbeam are controlled by four crossbeam side stops inside. At this time, the center line of the crossbeam (42) coincides with the longitudinal center line (38); b. Straddle the two crossbeam height limiting stops (9) on both sides of the center of the crossbeam (42), and manually adjust the handwheel (31) to slowly lift the crossbeam support seat (4), the crossbeam (42), the crossbeam height limiting stops (9), and the limiting stop pads (10) horizontally together by the screw jacking mechanism until the lower hook of the crossbeam height limiting stop (9) just hooks the upper cover plate of the crossbeam support seat (4); c. Hoist the side frame (41) on the bogie onto the side frame support seat (15) so that the reference plane of the side frame is in contact with the plane of the side frame support seat (15). Adjust the longitudinal tightening mechanism (3) and slowly push it forward along the longitudinal center line under the force of the tightening mechanism (3) so that the transverse center line of the side frame (41) coincides with the transverse center line of the side frame on the side frame support seat (15). At the same time, it can be seen that the two sides of the lower cover plate of the side frame are aligned with the reserved edge positioning reference notch (32) on the side frame support seat (15). In addition, it is also necessary to adjust the longitudinal center line of the side frame to coincide with the longitudinal center line on the side frame support seat (15) under the force of the tightening mechanism (3) at both ends of the transverse side frame to ensure that the side frame is accurately positioned and that the center distance between the two side frames is 1956mm. The flatness of its four reference planes is less than 1.5mm, the difference between the diagonals is ≦1.5mm, and the height difference between the upper plane of the crossbeam and the reference plane is 20mm. Spot weld the crossbeam to the side frame. d. Assemble the guide frame seat (40) and wedge seat (39) on the bogie. Before assembly, move the sliding positioning stop (13) forward so that the positioning stop tenon (23) slides to the end of the side frame support seat groove (25). At this time, the positioning reference notch (21) on the sliding positioning stop (13) is aligned with the transverse center line (14) on the transverse side frame support seat (15). At the same time, the outer sides of the two sliding positioning stops (13) are parallel and the distance is 290±0.5mm. Then place the wedge seat and guide frame seat in the designated positions and spot weld them to complete the assembly. e. After spot welding and fixing, demolding is performed. First, move the sliding positioning block (13) backward. Then, remove the limiting block pad (10). Next, move the beam height limiting block (9) to the height limiting block demolding port (6) on the beam base (8) and remove the beam height limiting block (9). Then, manually rotate the screw lifting mechanism to move the beam support seat down to the base. Only then can demolding be performed.

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