Method and device for determining the average diameter of bubbles of epoxy resin wastewater

Abstract

The application discloses a method, device and storage medium for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the characteristic length in a reactor, the fluid viscosity, the fluid density and the surface tension of the fluid; determining the Froude number inside the reactor according to the gas surface gas velocity and the characteristic length; determining the Morton number inside the reactor according to the fluid viscosity, the fluid density and the surface tension of the fluid; determining the Reynolds number inside the reactor according to the fluid density, the liquid surface gas velocity, the characteristic length and the fluid viscosity; determining the Weber number inside the reactor according to the gas surface gas velocity, the characteristic length, the fluid density and the surface tension of the fluid; and determining the average diameter of the bubble group in the reactor based on the preset correction coefficient and the Froude number, the Morton number, the Reynolds number and the Weber number. The application can accurately calculate the average diameter of bubbles in the oxidation process of epoxy resin wastewater.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of environmental protection technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, and storage medium for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater. Background Technology

[0002] Epoxy resin is an important type of thermosetting resin with excellent chemical stability and corrosion resistance. It exhibits good adhesion to various materials, high mechanical strength, and flexible application processes, making it widely used in chemical, light industry, machinery, electronics, water conservancy, transportation, automotive, home appliance, and aerospace industries. However, the production of epoxy resin generates a large amount of wastewater. This wastewater has a complex composition (mainly unreacted epichlorohydrin monomer, solvents such as toluene or methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), alkaline solution, and byproducts such as NaCl, solid polymers, glycerol, and isopropanol), high salt content (above 10%), and high COD (above 10,000 ppm). Furthermore, the stable structure of its halogenated organic compounds exhibits high inhibitory and toxic effects on organisms, making it difficult for wastewater treatment plants to effectively treat this type of wastewater. Therefore, epoxy resin wastewater treatment has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the epoxy resin industry.

[0003] Based on the aforementioned problems, existing technologies for treating epoxy resin wastewater typically employ wet oxidation technology. Under high temperature, high pressure, and in the presence of a catalyst, a free radical chain reaction is initiated, with hydroxyl radicals as the core oxidant. Hydroxyl radicals possess a high oxidation potential, capable of attacking organic molecules and degrading them into water and carbon dioxide. By employing reaction enhancement technology, oxygen is dispersed into micro- and nano-bubbles, transforming the oxygen molecule transport interface scale from centimeter-millimeter to micrometer-scale molecular transport. This achieves a mass transfer rate increase of tens or even hundreds of times, significantly enhancing the concentration of hydroxyl radicals and the degradation rate of wastewater molecules, thereby achieving the purpose of oxidative removal of organic matter and meeting the application requirements of ion-exchange membrane alkali production units. However, the parameters of the wet oxidation reaction of liquid epoxy resin wastewater are complex, and the mechanism of action is nonlinear, making it impossible to accurately determine the bubble size during the oxidation reaction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and apparatus for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to accurately calculate the bubble size during the oxidation process of epoxy resin wastewater.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtain the characteristic length, fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid within the reactor;

[0007] The Froude number inside the reactor is determined based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length.

[0008] The Morton number inside the reactor is determined based on the fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid.

[0009] The Reynolds number inside the reactor is determined based on fluid density, gas velocity at the liquid surface, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity.

[0010] The Weber number inside the reactor is determined based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid.

[0011] Based on preset correction coefficients, the average diameter of the bubble swarm in the reactor is determined according to the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number.

[0012] In this embodiment of the application, determining the average diameter of the bubble swarm in the reactor based on the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number, according to a preset correction coefficient, includes determining the average diameter according to formula (1):

[0013] d 32 =λ3exp(8.0170×We 0.02545 ×Re -0.02485 )*exp(16.9690×We -7.5106 ×Re -1.4644 ×Mo 0.5624 ×Fr 8.4796 (1)

[0014] Where, d 32 λ is the average diameter of the bubble group, λ3 is the preset correction coefficient, Fr is the Froude number, Mo is the Morton number, Re is the Reynolds number, and We is the Weber number.

[0015] In this embodiment of the application, the method further includes:

[0016] Obtain the reactor diameter, inlet gas volumetric flow rate, and inlet liquid volumetric flow rate;

[0017] The gas surface velocity inside the reactor is determined based on the diameter and the inlet volumetric flow rate; wherein, the gas surface velocity satisfies formula (2):

[0018]

[0019] Among them, U g Let Q be the gas surface velocity. G Let be the inlet gas volumetric flow rate of the reactor, and D be the diameter of the reactor.

[0020] In this embodiment, the gas velocity at the liquid surface inside the reactor satisfies formula (3):

[0021]

[0022] Among them, U l Let Q be the gas velocity at the liquid surface. L Let D be the inlet volumetric flow rate of the reactor, and D be the diameter.

[0023] In this embodiment, determining the Froude number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length includes determining the Froude number according to formula (4):

[0024]

[0025] Where Fr is the Froude number, U g Let d be the gas surface velocity. p The characteristic length is denoted as .

[0026] In this embodiment, determining the Morton number inside the reactor based on fluid viscosity, fluid density, and fluid surface tension includes determining the Morton number according to formula (5):

[0027]

[0028] Where Mo is the Morton number, μ l For the viscosity of the liquid, ρ l For fluid density, σ l is the surface tension of the fluid.

[0029] In this embodiment, determining the Reynolds number inside the reactor based on fluid density, liquid surface gas velocity, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity includes determining the Reynolds number according to formula (6):

[0030]

[0031] Where Re is the Reynolds number, μ l For the viscosity of the liquid, ρ l For fluid density, d p The characteristic length is denoted as .

[0032] In this embodiment, determining the Weber number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid includes determining the Weber number according to formula (7):

[0033]

[0034] Where We is the Weiber number, ρ l For fluid density, d p σ is the characteristic length. l U is the surface tension of the fluid. g The velocity at the gas surface is denoted as ...

[0035] A second aspect of this application provides an apparatus for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater, the apparatus comprising:

[0036] The memory is configured to store instructions; and

[0037] The processor is configured to retrieve instructions from memory and, when executing the instructions, to implement a method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater.

[0038] A third aspect of this application provides a storage medium on which machine-readable storage medium stores instructions for causing a machine to perform a method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater.

[0039] The above technical solution first obtains the characteristic length, fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid within the reactor. Then, the Froude number is determined based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length. The Morton number is determined based on the fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension. The Reynolds number is determined based on the fluid density, liquid surface velocity, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity. Finally, the Weber number is determined based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension. Based on a preset correction factor, the average diameter of the bubble swarm within the reactor is determined using the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number. This technical solution can accurately calculate the average diameter of the bubble swarm during the oxidation of epoxy resin wastewater. Furthermore, the average diameter of the bubble swarm can be used to guide the design and optimization of the reactor.

[0040] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of this application, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. In the drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically.

[0043] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the fitting results of the standard deviation under a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the fitting results of the natural logarithmic mean in a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 4 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the fitting results of the average bubble diameter in a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 5 The diagram schematically illustrates a structural diagram of an apparatus for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0048] 510 memory, 520 processor Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0051] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0052] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically. Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater is provided. This method may include the following steps.

[0053] Step 101: Obtain the characteristic length, fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid within the reactor;

[0054] Step 102: Determine the Froude number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length;

[0055] Step 103: Determine the Morton number inside the reactor based on the fluid viscosity, fluid density, and fluid surface tension;

[0056] Step 104: Determine the Reynolds number inside the reactor based on the fluid density, gas velocity at the liquid surface, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity;

[0057] Step 105: Determine the Weber number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and fluid surface tension;

[0058] Step 106: Based on the preset correction coefficient, determine the average diameter of the bubble cluster in the reactor according to the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number.

[0059] In one embodiment, the characteristic length, fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension within the reactor are first obtained to provide the necessary foundational data for subsequent calculations of the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number. In one embodiment, the characteristic length is related to the geometry and dimensions of the pipe and reactor; for circular pipes, the characteristic length is typically chosen as the pipe diameter. This is because in circular pipes, the diameter is a readily apparent geometric feature that can be used to describe fluid flow and heat and mass transfer processes. In one embodiment, the fluid viscosity describes the property of internal resistance within the fluid, i.e., the fluid's resistance to flow; the higher the viscosity, the more difficult the fluid is to flow. In the wet oxidation reaction of epoxy resin wastewater, fluid viscosity is related to reactant mixing, mass transfer, and heat transfer processes. High-viscosity fluids may lead to poor mixing performance, affecting the mass transfer rate. In one embodiment, fluid density refers to the mass of the fluid per unit volume, describing the fluid's compressibility and inertia. The higher the density, the heavier the fluid. In the wet oxidation reaction of epoxy resin wastewater, fluid density relates to the fluid's movement, buoyancy, or sinking within the reactor, influencing the fluid's flow properties. In one embodiment, fluid surface tension describes the intermolecular forces on a fluid surface; the greater the surface tension, the more difficult the surface is to be disrupted. In the wet oxidation reaction of epoxy resin wastewater, surface tension can affect the formation, rise, and dispersion of gas bubbles, thereby influencing gas-liquid interactions within the reactor. A reactor is a device used to control a chemical reaction. It is a core component of the chemical reaction process, used to convert raw materials (reactants) into desired products. In one embodiment, epoxy resin wastewater undergoes a wet oxidation reaction in a reactor.

[0060] In one embodiment, the Froude number inside the reactor is determined based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length. The Froude number is a dimensionless parameter in fluid mechanics characterizing the relative magnitudes of inertial forces and gravity in a fluid; it represents the ratio of the magnitudes of inertial forces to gravitational forces. The gas surface velocity refers to the velocity of the gas at the surface of the gas inside the reactor. In one embodiment, the Morton number inside the reactor can be determined based on the fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid. The Morton number is a dimensionless parameter in fluid mechanics, used together with the Eutwash number to describe the shape of bubbles or water droplets moving in a fluid or continuous phase. The Reynolds number inside the reactor can be determined based on the fluid density, liquid surface velocity, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity. The Reynolds number in fluid mechanics is the ratio of the inertial force to the viscous force of a fluid; it is a dimensionless quantity. The liquid surface velocity refers to the velocity of the gas at the liquid surface inside the reactor. The Weber number inside the reactor can be determined based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid. The Weber number represents the ratio of the inertial force to the surface tension effect; a smaller Weber number indicates that surface tension is more important. Furthermore, the average diameter of the bubble swarm within the reactor can be determined based on preset correction coefficients, according to the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number. These preset correction coefficients are obtained by fitting experimental data.

[0061] In one embodiment, by fitting experimental data to establish a calculation model for the average diameter of bubble clusters in a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater, the average diameter of bubble clusters during the epoxy resin wastewater oxidation process can be accurately calculated.

[0062] In one embodiment, determining the average diameter of the bubble swarm in the reactor based on the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number, according to a preset correction factor, may also include determining the average diameter according to formula (1):

[0063] d 32 =λ3exp(8.0170×We 0.02545 ×Re -0.02485 )*exp(16.9690×We -7.5106 ×Re -1.4644 ×Mo 0.5624 ×Fr 8.4796 (1)

[0064] Where, d 32 λ is the average diameter of the bubble group, λ3 is the preset correction coefficient, Fr is the Froude number, Mo is the Morton number, Re is the Reynolds number, and We is the Weber number.

[0065] In one embodiment, the superscripts of the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number, as well as the preset correction coefficient λ3, are obtained by fitting experimental data. Preferably, the preset correction coefficient λ3 can be between 1 and 1.5. In one embodiment, the average diameter of the bubble swarm in the epoxy resin wastewater wet oxidation system can be accurately calculated using the calculation model of the average diameter of the bubble swarm in the epoxy resin wastewater wet oxidation system according to formula (1).

[0066] In one embodiment, the method may further include: obtaining the reactor diameter, inlet gas volume flow rate, and inlet liquid volume flow rate; determining the gas surface velocity within the reactor based on the diameter and inlet gas volume flow rate; wherein the gas surface velocity satisfies formula (2):

[0067]

[0068] Among them, U g Let Q be the gas surface velocity. G Let be the inlet gas volumetric flow rate of the reactor, and D be the diameter of the reactor.

[0069] The gas velocity at the liquid surface inside the reactor satisfies formula (3):

[0070]

[0071] Among them, U l Let Q be the gas velocity at the liquid surface. L Let be the inlet volumetric flow rate of the reactor, and D be the diameter of the reactor.

[0072] In one embodiment, the gas surface velocity and liquid surface velocity within the reactor need to be calculated based on the reactor's inlet gas flow rate, reactor diameter, and inlet liquid flow rate. These are also important parameters affecting the gas surface velocity and liquid surface velocity within the reactor. Changes in these parameters can affect bubble formation, floating, and merging, thus influencing the average diameter of the bubble swarm. In one embodiment, considering the reactor's inlet gas flow rate, reactor diameter, and inlet liquid flow rate allows for a more accurate calculation of the average diameter of the bubble swarm. In one embodiment, the gas surface velocity refers to the volumetric flow rate of gas passing through a unit cross-sectional area, used to characterize the velocity of flow in a pipe or reactor. In the wet oxidation reaction of epoxy resin wastewater, a suitable gas surface velocity can affect the size and distribution of bubbles, thereby affecting gas-liquid interaction and gas mass transfer performance. Too low a gas surface velocity may lead to insufficient gas-liquid mixing, while too high a gas surface velocity may result in excessively small bubbles. In one embodiment, the reactor's inlet liquid flow rate represents the volume of gas entering the reactor per unit time, determining the rate at which gas enters the reactor. In the wet oxidation reaction of epoxy resin wastewater, the inlet gas volume flow rate directly determines the rate at which gas enters the reactor, thus affecting the supply rate of reactants. Under aerobic conditions, sufficient oxygen supply is crucial for the oxidation reaction in wet oxidation. In one embodiment, the reactor diameter refers to the diameter of the reactor cross-section, and the size of the reactor directly affects the reactor volume and the gas distribution in the liquid. In the wet oxidation reaction of epoxy resin wastewater, the reactor diameter is essential for providing sufficient reaction volume to ensure adequate mixing and gas mass transfer. A suitable reactor diameter helps avoid excessively large or small bubbles, which can affect the gas mass transfer performance and reaction effect. In one embodiment, the Froude number inside the reactor can also be determined based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length, including determining the Froude number according to formula (4):

[0073]

[0074] Where Fr is the Froude number, U g Let d be the gas surface velocity. p The characteristic length is denoted as .

[0075] In one embodiment, the Morton number inside the reactor can also be determined based on the fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid, including determining the Morton number according to formula (5):

[0076]

[0077] Where Mo is the Morton number, μ l For the viscosity of the liquid, ρ l For fluid density, σ lis the surface tension of the fluid.

[0078] In one embodiment, the Reynolds number inside the reactor can also be determined based on fluid density, liquid surface gas velocity, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity, including determining the Reynolds number according to formula (6):

[0079]

[0080] Where Re is the Reynolds number, μ l For the viscosity of the liquid, ρ l For fluid density, d p The characteristic length is denoted as .

[0081] In one embodiment, the Weber number inside the reactor can also be determined based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid, including determining the Weber number according to formula (7):

[0082]

[0083] Where We is the Weiber number, ρ l For fluid density, d p σ is the characteristic length. l U is the surface tension of the fluid. g The velocity at the gas surface is denoted as ...

[0084] In one embodiment, the Froude number is used to describe the relationship between inertial forces and gravity in a fluid. Specifically, there are three Froude numbers: small, large, and medium. With a small Froude number, gravity is relatively strong relative to inertial forces. This may result in a smaller average diameter of the bubble swarm because the larger inertial force can offset the smaller gravitational force, making the bubbles rise more easily. With a large Froude number, inertial forces are relatively strong relative to gravity. This may result in a larger average diameter of the bubble swarm because the inertial force is large enough to make the bubbles more difficult to rise, potentially leading to a longer residence time in the liquid and affecting bubble coalescence and dispersion. With a medium Froude number, inertial forces and gravity are relatively balanced. This may result in the average diameter of the bubble swarm being influenced by both forces, exhibiting a certain equilibrium. In one embodiment, the Froude number can be controlled by adjusting the gas surface velocity and characteristic length, thereby affecting the average diameter of the bubble swarm.

[0085] In one embodiment, the Morton number is used to describe the relationship between inertial force and surface tension. Specifically, there are three Morton numbers: low, high, and medium. A low Morton number indicates that surface tension is relatively large compared to inertial force. In this case, fluid dynamics are primarily dominated by surface tension, and the average diameter of the bubble swarm may be small, exhibiting a strong surface tension effect, making it easier for bubbles to merge and form larger bubbles. A high Morton number indicates that inertial force is relatively large compared to surface tension. In this case, the inertial effect dominates fluid dynamics, and the average diameter of the bubble swarm may be large, exhibiting a strong inertial effect, making it harder for bubbles to merge, potentially forming smaller bubbles. A medium Morton number indicates that surface tension and inertial force are relatively balanced. In this case, their influences are roughly equal, and the average diameter of the bubble swarm is affected by both surface tension and inertial force, potentially exhibiting a certain equilibrium. Liquid viscosity, fluid density, and fluid surface tension can all influence the formation, merging, and dispersion of bubble swarms, thus affecting the average diameter of the bubbles.

[0086] In one embodiment, the Reynolds number is used to describe the relationship between the inertial and viscous forces of a fluid. Specifically, there are three Reynolds numbers: low Reynolds number, high Reynolds number, and medium Reynolds number. At a low Reynolds number, the viscous force is relatively large compared to the inertial force. This may result in a smaller average diameter of the bubble swarm because the viscous force inhibits bubble coalescence and diffusion. At a high Reynolds number, the inertial force is relatively large compared to the viscous force. This may result in a larger average diameter of the bubble swarm because the inertial force makes bubbles more likely to diffuse and coalesce. At a medium Reynolds number, the inertial and viscous forces are relatively balanced. This may result in the average diameter of the bubble swarm being influenced by both forces, exhibiting a certain equilibrium.

[0087] In one embodiment, the Weber number is used to describe the relationship between surface tension, inertia, and gravity in a liquid fluid. Specifically, the Weber number is categorized into three cases: small Weber number, large Weber number, and medium Weber number. At a small Weber number, surface tension is relatively large compared to inertial force. This may result in a smaller average diameter of the bubble swarm, as surface tension makes bubbles easier to form and disperse. At a large Weber number, inertial force is relatively large compared to surface tension. This may result in a larger average diameter of the bubble swarm, as inertial force makes bubbles more difficult to form and maintain. At a medium Weber number, surface tension and inertial force are relatively balanced. This may result in the average diameter of the bubble swarm being influenced by both factors, exhibiting a certain equilibrium. The Weber number can be controlled by adjusting the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension, thereby affecting the average diameter of the bubble swarm.

[0088] In one embodiment, the influence of parameters such as gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid viscosity, fluid density, fluid surface tension, fluid density, and liquid surface velocity on the average diameter of the bubble swarm is taken into account, thereby making the calculation of the average diameter of the bubble swarm more accurate.

[0089] The following specific embodiment illustrates the results of the method described above for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater.

[0090] First, the physical and operational parameters of the reaction process need to be recorded. The physical properties of the liquid epoxy resin wastewater at 298.15 K and 1 atm should be recorded. In one specific embodiment, the physical properties of the liquid epoxy resin wastewater at 298.15 K and 1 atm are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1

[0092] 0.07436 999.7 9.8 0.0018077 0.07362 999.1 9.8 0.0009404 0.07288 998.2 9.8 0.0010051 0.07214 997.0 9.8 0.0008937 0.07140 995.6 9.8 0.0008007

[0093] Record the reactor parameters and operating parameters for the wet oxidation reaction of the epoxy resin wastewater. The reactor parameters and operating parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0094] Table 2

[0095] 1.8 3.924 0.127 1.8 3.924 0.254 1.8 3.924 0.509 1.8 3.924 1.02 1.8 3.924 1.27

[0096] Substitute the data obtained from the above records into the formula below to conduct a data fitting experiment.

[0097] (A) Establish the equation for the generalized average bubble diameter:

[0098] For a group of bubbles, let d, σ, and m be the bubble diameter, standard deviation, and natural logarithmic mean, respectively. Then the probability density function of the bubble diameter d satisfies formula (8):

[0099]

[0100] The expected value (i.e., the mathematical mean) and variance of the bubble particle size satisfy formulas (9) and (10), respectively:

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Kiyomi Akita derived that the bubble size satisfies the above natural logarithmic distribution, and the average bubble diameter d... 32 The calculation formula satisfies formula (11):

[0104] d 32 =exp(m+2.5σ) 2(11)

[0105] Combining equations (9) and (11), we can obtain equation (12) for the generalized average bubble diameter:

[0106]

[0107] (B) Establish the correlation equation for the standard deviation that satisfies formula (13):

[0108] σ=λ1We -3.6053 ×Re -0.7322 ×Mo 0.2812 ×Fr 4.2398 (13)

[0109] Where σ is the standard deviation and λ1 is the correction factor, which ranges from 2 to 3.

[0110] Froude numbers, Morton numbers, Reynolds numbers, and Weber numbers satisfy formulas (4), (5), (6), and (7):

[0111]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Among them, U g U represents the gas surface velocity, in m / s. l The gas velocity at the liquid surface is expressed in m / s; d p The characteristic length is in meters (m); g is the acceleration due to gravity (m / s²). 2 μ L ρ is the viscosity of the fluid, in Pa·s. L The density of the fluid, in kg / m³ 3 ;σ L σ represents the surface tension of the fluid, expressed in N / m.

[0116] The gas velocity at the gas surface satisfies formula (2):

[0117]

[0118] The gas velocity at the liquid surface satisfies formula (3):

[0119]

[0120] Wherein, the reactor diameter is D, in meters; and the inlet gas volumetric flow rate is Q. G m 3 / s; Inlet liquid volumetric flow rate is Q L Unit m 3 / s.

[0121] (C) The correlation equation for the natural logarithmic mean satisfies formula (14):

[0122] m=λ2We 0.02545 ×Re -0.02485 (14)

[0123] Wherein, λ2 is the correction coefficient, and its value ranges from 7 to 9.

[0124] (D) Establish a calculation model for the average bubble diameter in a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater:

[0125] The calculation model for the average diameter of bubbles obtained from formulas (11), (12), (13), and (14) satisfies formula (1):

[0126] d 32 =λ3exp(8.0170×We 0.02545 ×Re -0.02485 )*exp(16.9690×

[0127] We-7.5106×Re-1.4644×Mo0.5624×Fr8.4796; (1)

[0128] Wherein, λ3 is a correction coefficient, with a value between 1 and 1.5.

[0129] (E) Establish a gas-liquid phase interface area model for a wet oxidation system of liquid epoxy resin wastewater that satisfies formula (15):

[0130] a=6ε G / d 32 (15)

[0131] Where 'a' represents the gas-liquid interface area, in meters (m²). 2 / m 3 ;ε G The gas holdup is obtained from the bubble size distribution, in meters (m). 3 / m 3 ;d 32 denoted as the Soder mean diameter of the bubble swarm, in meters (m).

[0132] The following experimental results were obtained by fitting the above formula.

[0133] Record the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number obtained after the experiment.

[0134] The dimensionless quanta obtained from the experiment are shown in Table 3:

[0135] Table 3

[0136] 0.21259 2.55E-10 1023.97 0.040332 1.02041 1.92E-11 1639.31 0.135710 4.53515 2.59E-11 1379.30 0.493073 18.14059 1.67E-11 1549.22 1.990130 28.34467 1.11E-11 1726.73 3.137394

[0137] Record the prediction results of the microbubble interface and average bubble diameter model for different diameters.

[0138] The prediction results of the bubble average diameter model are shown in Table 4:

[0139] Table 4

[0140] 6.2 0.02 726.06 660.05 9.1 6.3 0.04 768.25 731.66 4.7 6.5 0.06 907.12 898.14 1 6.6 0.05 1078.96 989.87 8.2 6.8 0.08 1196.46 1220.88 2

[0141] The mass transfer flux prediction results are shown in Table 5:

[0142] Table 5

[0143] 0.01124 0.00169 0.016838 0.01063 0.00170 0.016919 0.00903 0.00159 0.015822 0.00762 0.00146 0.014552 0.00690 0.00140 0.013906

[0144] The above technical solution first establishes a generalized average diameter equation for the bubble swarm, obtaining the relationship between the average bubble diameter and the natural logarithmic mean and standard deviation. Then, correlation equations are established for the natural logarithmic mean and standard deviation, respectively. Finally, a calculation model for the average bubble diameter in a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater is obtained, allowing for a more accurate calculation of the average bubble diameter. Furthermore, by adjusting the reactor diameter using the calculated gas holdup and phase interface area, the design and optimization of the reactor in the wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater can be guided.

[0145] Figure 2 The illustration schematically shows the fitting results of the standard deviation under a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown in the figure, in one embodiment, a fitting diagram of the standard deviation under the wet oxidation system of liquid epoxy resin wastewater is obtained based on recorded data. The horizontal axis represents the experimental value, and the vertical axis represents the calculated value of the fitting formula. The experimental value fluctuates within 20% above and below the fitting formula, indicating that the fitting formula for the standard deviation is relatively accurate. In the figure, the upper line represents the boundary line of 20% above the theoretical value, the middle line represents the theoretical value of the standard deviation under the wet oxidation system of liquid epoxy resin wastewater, and the lower line represents the boundary line of 20% below the theoretical value. The many dots in the figure represent the error values ​​between the experimental results and the theoretical values.

[0146] Figure 3 The illustration schematically shows the fitting results of the natural logarithmic mean under a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 3As shown in the figure, in one embodiment, a fitting diagram of the natural logarithmic mean of the wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater is obtained based on recorded data. The horizontal axis represents the experimental value, and the vertical axis represents the calculated value of the fitting formula. The experimental value fluctuates within 5% above and below the fitting formula, indicating that the fitting formula for the natural logarithmic mean is relatively accurate. In the figure, the upper line represents the boundary line of 5% above the theoretical value, the middle line represents the theoretical value of the natural logarithmic mean of the wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater, and the lower line represents the boundary line of 5% below the theoretical value. The many dots in the figure represent the error values ​​between the experimental results and the theoretical values.

[0147] Figure 4 The illustration schematically shows the fitting results of the average bubble diameter in a wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment, the horizontal axis represents the experimental value (unit: μm), and the vertical axis represents the calculated value (unit: μm) using the fitted formula. Further research and regression analysis of the bubble average diameter model revealed that the model's calculation error remained within 20% despite changes in operating conditions, indicating that the prediction model's accuracy is improved compared to existing technologies. Furthermore, based on the calculations of gas holdup and phase interface area, the design and optimization of the wet oxidation reactor for liquid epoxy resin wastewater were guided, addressing a key challenge in reactor design. In the figure, the upper line represents the boundary line 20% above the theoretical value, the middle line represents the theoretical value of the bubble average diameter in the wet oxidation system for liquid epoxy resin wastewater, and the lower line represents the boundary line 20% below the theoretical value. The numerous dots in the figure represent the error values ​​between the experimental results and the theoretical values.

[0148] Figure 5 The diagram schematically illustrates a structural representation of an apparatus for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an apparatus for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater is provided, which may include:

[0149] Memory 510 is configured to store instructions; and

[0150] The processor 520 is configured to retrieve instructions from the memory 510 and, when executing the instructions, to implement the aforementioned method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater.

[0151] Specifically, in one embodiment, the processor 520 may be configured to: acquire the characteristic length, fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid within the reactor; determine the Froude number within the reactor based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length; determine the Morton number within the reactor based on the fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid; determine the Reynolds number within the reactor based on the fluid density, liquid surface velocity, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity; determine the Weber number within the reactor based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid; and determine the average diameter of the bubble swarm within the reactor based on the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number, using a preset correction factor.

[0152] Furthermore, the processor 520 can also be configured as follows:

[0153] Based on preset correction coefficients, the average diameter of the bubble swarm in the reactor is determined according to the Froude number, Morton number, Reynolds number, and Weber number, including determining the average diameter according to formula (1):

[0154] d 32 =λ3exp(8.0170×We 0.02545 ×Re -0.02485 )*

[0155] exp(16.9690×We -7.5106 ×Re -1.4644 ×Mo 0.5624 ×Fr 8.4796 (1)

[0156] Where, d 32 λ is the average diameter of the bubble group, λ3 is the preset correction coefficient, Fr is the Froude number, Mo is the Morton number, Re is the Reynolds number, and We is the Weber number.

[0157] Furthermore, the processor 520 can also be configured to: acquire the reactor diameter, inlet gas volume flow rate, and inlet liquid volume flow rate; determine the gas surface velocity within the reactor based on the diameter and inlet gas volume flow rate; wherein the gas surface velocity satisfies formula (2):

[0158]

[0159] Among them, U g Let Q be the gas surface velocity. G Let be the inlet gas volumetric flow rate of the reactor, and D be the diameter of the reactor.

[0160] Furthermore, the processor 520 can also be configured as follows:

[0161] The gas velocity at the liquid surface inside the reactor satisfies formula (3):

[0162]

[0163] Among them, U l Let Q be the gas velocity at the liquid surface. L Let D be the inlet volumetric flow rate of the reactor, and D be the diameter.

[0164] Furthermore, the processor 520 can also be configured as follows:

[0165] Determining the Froude number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length includes determining the Froude number according to formula (4):

[0166]

[0167] Where Fr is the Froude number, U g Let d be the gas surface velocity. p The characteristic length is denoted as .

[0168] Furthermore, the processor 520 can also be configured as follows:

[0169] Determining the Morton number inside the reactor based on fluid viscosity, fluid density, and fluid surface tension includes determining the Morton number according to formula (5):

[0170]

[0171] Where Mo is the Morton number, μ l For the viscosity of the liquid, ρ l For fluid density, σ l is the surface tension of the fluid.

[0172] Furthermore, the processor 520 can also be configured as follows:

[0173] The Reynolds number inside the reactor is determined based on fluid density, liquid surface velocity, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity, including determining the Reynolds number according to formula (6):

[0174]

[0175] Where Re is the Reynolds number, μ l For the viscosity of the liquid, ρ l For fluid density, d p The characteristic length is denoted as .

[0176] Furthermore, the processor 520 can also be configured as follows:

[0177] The Weber number inside the reactor is determined based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid, including determining the Weber number according to formula (7):

[0178]

[0179] Where We is the Weiber number, ρ l For fluid density, d p σ is the characteristic length. l U is the surface tension of the fluid. g The velocity at the gas surface is denoted as ...

[0180] Through the above technical solution, firstly, the processor 520 obtains the characteristic length, fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid within the reactor. Secondly, the processor 520 determines the Froude number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity and characteristic length. Next, the processor 520 determines the Morton number inside the reactor based on the fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension. Furthermore, the processor 520 determines the Reynolds number inside the reactor based on the fluid density, liquid surface velocity, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity. Afterward, the processor 520 determines the Weber number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity, characteristic length, fluid density, and surface tension. Finally, through this technical solution, the processor 520 can accurately calculate the average diameter of the bubble cluster during the epoxy resin wastewater oxidation process, and can subsequently use the average diameter of the bubble cluster to guide the design and optimization of the reactor.

[0181] This application also provides a machine-readable storage medium storing instructions for causing a machine to perform the above-described method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater.

[0182] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0183] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0184] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0185] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0186] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0187] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0188] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0189] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0190] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the average diameter of air bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the characteristic length, fluid viscosity, fluid density, and surface tension of the fluid within the reactor; The Froude number inside the reactor is determined based on the gas surface velocity and the characteristic length. The Morton number inside the reactor is determined based on the fluid viscosity, the fluid density, and the surface tension of the fluid. The Reynolds number inside the reactor is determined based on the fluid density, the gas velocity at the liquid surface, the characteristic length, and the fluid viscosity. The Weber number inside the reactor is determined based on the gas surface velocity, the characteristic length, the fluid density, and the surface tension of the fluid. The average diameter of the bubble group in the reactor is determined according to formula (1): ；（1） in, The average diameter of the bubble group is... The preset correction factor. For the stated Froude number, Let be the Morton number. Let Reynolds number be the number in question. Let be the Weber number.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the diameter, inlet gas volumetric flow rate, and inlet liquid volumetric flow rate of the reactor; The gas surface velocity inside the reactor is determined based on the diameter and the inlet volume flow rate; wherein the gas surface velocity satisfies formula (2): ；（2） in, The gas surface velocity is [missing information]. The inlet gas volumetric flow rate of the reactor is [value missing]. The diameter of the reactor is given.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas velocity at the liquid surface inside the reactor satisfies formula (3): ；（3） in, The gas velocity at the liquid surface. The inlet volumetric flow rate of the reactor is denoted by , and D is the diameter of the reactor.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the Froude number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity and the characteristic length includes determining the Froude number according to formula (4): ；（4） in, For the stated Froude number, The gas surface velocity is [missing information]. The feature length is... This is the acceleration due to gravity.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the Morton number inside the reactor based on the fluid viscosity, the fluid density, and the surface tension of the fluid includes determining the Morton number according to formula (5): ；（5） in, Let be the Morton number. μ l The viscosity of the fluid is... The fluid density is... The surface tension of the fluid. This is the acceleration due to gravity.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the Reynolds number inside the reactor based on the fluid density, liquid surface gas velocity, characteristic length, and fluid viscosity includes determining the Reynolds number according to formula (6): ；（6） in, Let Reynolds number be the number in question. μ l The viscosity of the fluid is... The fluid density is... The feature length is... The gas velocity at the liquid surface is given.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the Weber number inside the reactor based on the gas surface velocity, the characteristic length, the fluid density, and the surface tension of the fluid includes determining the Weber number according to formula (7): ； （7） in, Let be the Weber number, The fluid density is... The feature length is... The surface tension of the fluid. The surface velocity of the gas is denoted as .

8. An apparatus for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater, characterized in that, include: The memory is configured to store instructions; as well as The processor is configured to retrieve the instructions from the memory and, when executing the instructions, to implement the method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A machine-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The machine-readable storage medium stores instructions for causing the machine to perform a method for determining the average diameter of bubbles in epoxy resin wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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