A non-grain-based nutrient substrate for morel mushrooms, a nutrient bag, a preparation method, and a method for cultivating morel mushrooms.

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of morel mushroom cultivation technology, specifically relating to a non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient substrate, nutrient bags, preparation methods, and morel mushroom cultivation methods. The nutrient substrate can be prepared using cassava as the main material, with rice husks and mushroom residue as auxiliary materials. The amylopectin content and aeration porosity are controlled within a preset range by adjusting the raw material ratio, and quicklime and gypsum are added as pH adjusters. This invention solves the problem of traditional nutrient bags relying on grain resources such as wheat, utilizing cassava and agricultural waste mushroom residue and rice husks to achieve resource recycling. Especially under optimized ratio conditions, the fruiting yield per unit area of ​​morel mushrooms is significantly higher than that of traditional wheat substrates, while reducing raw material costs. Furthermore, this invention also discovers the crucial influence of the synergistic effect of amylopectin content and aeration porosity in the non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient substrate on morel mushroom fruiting, providing a reference direction for the screening of non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient substrates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of morel mushroom cultivation technology, specifically relating to a non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient substrate, nutrient bag, preparation method, and cultivation method of morel mushrooms. Background Technology

[0002] Building a diversified food supply system is an important direction for ensuring food security, and the edible fungi industry, as a key component, has shown rapid development in recent years. Morel mushrooms, as a rare edible fungus with both high nutritional and medicinal value, have seen increasing market demand year by year, with the current supply-demand relationship consistently showing a supply shortage, indicating significant potential for industry development.

[0003] However, large-scale production of morel mushrooms faces a prominent contradiction between resource consumption and food security. Nutrient bags are the core input for morel mushroom cultivation, and their traditional formula uses wheat as the main ingredient (accounting for 50%-70%).

[0004] The green production approach for morel mushroom nutrient bags is a crucial technological path to address the current predicament of the morel mushroom industry. Existing green production approaches for morel mushroom nutrient bags mainly focus on reducing wheat consumption and replacing agricultural waste, aiming to reduce wheat content in the nutrient bags to a certain extent. However, two major bottlenecks remain: first, the formula still relies heavily on wheat, failing to fundamentally eliminate dependence on grain resources; second, raw material selection lacks sufficient theoretical guidance, resulting in highly arbitrary ingredient ratios, leading to unstable nutrient bag performance and long selection cycles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate, nutrient bags, preparation method, and cultivation method for morels. The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of existing morel nutrient substrates failing to fundamentally eliminate dependence on grain resources and / or the lack of sufficient theoretical guidance and high degree of blindness in the selection of morel nutrient substrates.

[0006] This invention provides a non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate, comprising basic raw materials, which are obtained by mixing non-grain-based biomass main materials and non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials. By adjusting the types and proportions of biomass main materials and biomass auxiliary materials, the amylopectin content in the non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate is not less than 21%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate is in the range of 29% to 35%.

[0007] As a superior non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate, it includes basic raw materials and adjuvants with a mass fraction not exceeding 3%. The basic raw materials are obtained by mixing non-grain-based biomass main materials and non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials. The non-grain-based biomass main material is cassava, and the non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials are selected from rice husks and mushroom residue. By adjusting the types and proportions of biomass main materials and biomass auxiliary materials, the amylopectin content in the non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate is in the range of 21.4% to 37.0%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate is in the range of 29.7% to 34.7%.

[0008] As a further optimization of the above-mentioned non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate, the adjuvant includes a pH adjuster to adjust the pH of the nutrient substrate to the range of 6.5 to 7.5.

[0009] As a further optimization of the above-mentioned non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate, the adjuvant is a pH adjuster accounting for 1% to 3% of the nutrient substrate mass. The pH adjuster is a combination of quicklime and gypsum, which adjusts the pH of the nutrient substrate to the range of 6.5 to 7.5.

[0010] As a further optimization of the above-mentioned non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate, the basic raw materials include cassava (40%~61.7% by mass), rice husk (6.8%~30% by mass), and mushroom residue (27.7%~50.0% by mass).

[0011] As a further optimization of the above-mentioned non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate, the mass fractions of cassava, rice husk, and mushroom residue in the basic raw materials are 40%, 30%, and 30%, respectively.

[0012] The present invention further provides a non-grain-based morel nutrient bag, comprising a bag body and the aforementioned non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate contained within the bag body.

[0013] This invention further provides a method for preparing a non-grain-based morel nutrient bag, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Raw material preparation. Chop the main ingredient, cassava, and adjust the moisture content of the auxiliary ingredients, rice husks and mushroom residue, to more than 50%. Step S2: Mix and compound. Adjust the ratio of cassava, rice husk and mushroom residue according to the preset requirements for amylopectin content and aeration porosity, and add adjuvants. Mix evenly. Step S3: Filling and sterilization: Fill the well-mixed nutrient substrate into a plastic bag and sterilize it; to obtain a non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient bag.

[0014] As a further optimization of the preparation method of non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient bags, in step S1, cassava is chopped into particles no larger than 0.8 cm, and the biomass auxiliary materials are soaked or sprayed with water to increase the moisture content to a preset level; in step S2, multiple mixing steps are included, the first mixing step is used to mix the main biomass material and the auxiliary biomass material evenly, and the second mixing step is used to add a pH adjuster and then stir the pH adjuster evenly; in step S3, high-temperature resistant polypropylene plastic bags are selected for the plastic bags, and sterilization is carried out by high-temperature high-pressure sterilization or high-temperature normal-pressure sterilization. High-temperature high-pressure sterilization is carried out at 121~126℃ for 3~4 hours, and then cooled and removed; high-temperature normal-pressure sterilization is carried out at 100℃ for 15~18 hours, and then cooled and removed.

[0015] The present invention further provides a method for cultivating morel mushrooms, using the above-mentioned non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient bags, including morel mushroom spawn sowing, and placing the nutrient bags on the ground after 7-10 days after sowing, controlling the placement density, and carrying out field management until fruiting.

[0016] The present invention further provides a method for screening non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate formulations, comprising the following steps: Step T1: Initial screening of the formula. The non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate includes basic raw materials and adjuvants. The basic raw materials are obtained by mixing non-grain-based biomass main materials and non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials. By adjusting the types and ratios of biomass main materials and biomass auxiliary materials, the amylopectin content in the non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate is in the range of 21.4% to 37.0%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate is in the range of 29.7% to 34.7%, thus obtaining the initial screening formula group. Step T2: Formula verification. A planting experiment was conducted using non-grain-based morel mushroom camping bags prepared based on the initial screening formula group. From this, feasible nutrient substrate formulas were further screened to reduce the blind spots in the screening of nutrient substrate formulas.

[0017] Beneficial effects This invention successfully constructs a non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate, nutrient bags, and preparation method using cassava as the main material and mushroom residue and rice husks as auxiliary materials. It achieves morel fruiting results comparable to traditional wheat-based nutrient bags, eliminating the dependence of traditional wheat-based nutrient bags on grain resources. In particular, under optimized raw material ratios and process conditions, the fruiting yield per unit area of ​​morel mushrooms can be increased by approximately 34.5% compared to traditional wheat-based substrates, while significantly reducing raw material costs. Furthermore, it achieves resource utilization of agricultural waste and reduces environmental pollution.

[0018] This invention not only achieves fruiting results comparable to or even better than those of traditional wheat substrates, but also reveals through systematic experiments the key influence of the synergistic effect of amylopectin content and aeration porosity on the fruiting effect and fruiting body yield of morel mushrooms, providing a reference direction for the screening of non-grain-based morel nutrient substrates. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the raw material ratios for each group in Experiment 1.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the amylopectin content in the nutrient substrate in Experiment 1.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies in Experiment 1.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the fruiting bodies of morel mushrooms in Experiment 1.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the raw material ratios for each group in Experiment 2.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies in Experiment 2.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the fruiting of morel mushrooms in Experiment 2.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the raw material ratios for each group in Experiment 3.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a comparison chart of the amylopectin content in the nutrient substrates in Experiment 3.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a comparison chart of the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies in Experiment 3.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the fruiting of morel mushrooms in Experiment 3.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the raw material ratios for each group in Experiment 4.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a comparison chart of the amylopectin content in the nutrient substrates in Experiment 4.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a comparison chart of the aeration porosity and fruiting body quantity of the nutrient substrate in Experiment 4.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a diagram showing the fruiting of morel mushrooms in Experiment 4.

[0034] Figure 16 The image shows the fruiting status of morel mushrooms in Experiment 5. A shows the mycelial state of the nutrient bag, B shows the mycelial bloom state of the nutrient bag bed surface, C shows the primordia state of the bed surface, and D shows the fruiting status of the bed surface.

[0035] Figure 17 The image shows the fruiting status of morel mushrooms in the control group of Experiment 5. A shows the mycelial state of the nutrient bag, B shows the mycelial frost state of the nutrient bag bed surface, C shows the primordia state of the bed surface, and D shows the fruiting status of the bed surface. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate includes basic raw materials and additives. The basic raw materials are obtained by mixing non-grain-based biomass main materials and non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials.

[0037] The non-grain-based biomass main material is selected from agricultural biomass materials, preferably with a starch content of not less than 60%, of which the amylopectin content is not less than 70%, and cassava is preferred.

[0038] Non-grain-based biomass adjuvants use agricultural and rural biomass waste as raw materials. One or more raw materials can be used in combination. It is preferable that when used alone or in combination, the water absorption rate is not less than 70-80 g / g at 72h and the water retention rate is not less than 50%-60% at 40d.

[0039] The formulation of non-grain-based morel nutrient substrates needs to ensure the amylopectin content and aeration porosity. Preferably, the amylopectin content is in the range of 21.4% to 37.0%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate is in the range of 29.7% to 34.7%.

[0040] Additives may include pH adjusters, with the optimal mass ratio of pH adjusters being 1% to 3%. These are used to raise the pH value of the raw materials in the nutrient bags, preventing acidification of the culture medium and the growth of miscellaneous bacteria or germination of the raw materials. The optimal combination of pH adjusters is "quicklime + gypsum".

[0041] The production of non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient bags mainly includes the following steps: raw material preparation, raw material pre-wetting, raw material compounding, raw material bagging, and raw material sterilization.

[0042] The present invention is further illustrated below with specific embodiments. These embodiments are exemplary and intended to illustrate the problem and explain the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting.

[0043] Experiment 1 Nutrient bags (without wheat) were prepared using cassava, which has a high amylopectin content, as the main raw material, supplemented with fungal residue and rice husks. Morel mushrooms were sown in the field on November 15, 2024, and the nutrient bags were placed on November 25, 2024. On February 20, 2025, the number of fruiting bodies was investigated in the field, and the nutrient bags were retrieved to measure the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate. The aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate for each treatment was measured according to the forestry industry standard "Determination of Forest Soil Moisture and Physical Properties" (LYT-1215-1999).

[0044] Step 1: Pre-wet the raw materials. First, pre-wet the rice husks by soaking them in clean water at room temperature (25℃) for 48 hours, then drain and set aside. Cassava does not need to be pre-wetted, but it needs to be chopped. The standard for chopping is that the particle size is less than 0.5cm. Adjust the moisture content of the fungal residue to 50%.

[0045] Step 2: Prepare the nutrient substrate according to... Figure 1 The raw material quantities and ratios shown are as follows: Chopped cassava is mixed with pre-moistened rice husks and mushroom residue, and 1% (w / w) lime and 2% (w / w) gypsum are added and mixed thoroughly to form the morel mushroom nutrient substrate. In experimental group 1-1, cassava, rice husks, and mushroom residue accounted for 43.3%, 29.0%, and 27.7%, respectively; in experimental group 1-2, cassava, rice husks, and mushroom residue accounted for 42.6%, 7.4%, and 50.0%, respectively; in experimental group 1-3, cassava, rice husks, and mushroom residue accounted for 63.0%, 37.0%, and 0.0%, respectively; and in experimental group 1-4, cassava, rice husks, and mushroom residue accounted for 61.7%, 6.8%, and 31.5%, respectively.

[0046] Step 3: Nutrient substrate filling. Fill the mixed nutrient substrate into a polypropylene bag (28cm×14cm, 5 mils), with a filling weight of 500g. After filling, tie the bag with string to seal it, and it becomes a nutrient bag.

[0047] Step 4: Sterilize the nutrient bags. Place the nutrient bags in a high-pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization at a temperature of 121℃ for 0.5 hours.

[0048] Step 5: Placement of nutrient bags. The nutrient bags should be placed in the field 7-10 days after the morel spawn is sown. In this experiment, the morel spawn was sown on November 15, 2024. The nutrient bags were placed on the soil surface on November 25, 2024. Before placing, two parallel cuts were made on one side of the nutrient bag, with a cut length of about 10cm. The cut side was placed with the cut side facing the ground. 1.5 kg of nutrient bags were placed per square meter, and the nutrient bags were arranged in a triangular pattern.

[0049] The amylopectin content of the nutrient substrate in each experimental group and control group was measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the sub-entity situation is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the figure. Experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 all used cassava as the main nutrient substrate, while the control group (CK) used wheat as the main nutrient substrate. The amylopectin content in the nutrient substrates of experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and control group (CK) were 23.3%, 21.4%, 37.0%, 32.7%, and 20.7%, respectively. The amylopectin content in the cassava-based nutrient substrates was comparable to or higher than that in wheat nutrient bags. The air porosity of the nutrient substrates of experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and control group (CK) were 29.7%, 31.5%, 22.8%, 31.5%, and 34.7%, respectively. The unit area (m²) of experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and control group (CK) was... 2 The number of sub-entities are 56, 64, 32, 70, and 58 respectively.

[0050] The results showed that the experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-4 and the control group CK had a higher number of morel fruiting bodies, with corresponding aeration porosity ranging from 29.7% to 34.7%. The number of fruiting bodies in experimental group 1-3 was 32, significantly lower than the other experimental groups, with an aeration porosity of 22.8% corresponding to its nutrient substrate. This indicates that non-grain-based nutrient bags made primarily from cassava, combined with auxiliary materials such as mushroom residue and rice husks, can achieve a high yield of morel fruiting bodies. However, the amount of amylopectin and the aeration porosity within the nutrient substrate have a crucial impact on the yield of morel fruiting bodies. By adjusting the amount of amylopectin and the appropriate aeration porosity, the fruiting body yield can reach a level comparable to that of traditional wheat substrates.

[0051] Experiment 2 Three parallel experimental groups (2-1, 2-2, and 2-3) without the main ingredient were set up, with conventional wheat nutrient bags serving as the control group (CK). Morel mushrooms were sown in the field on November 15, 2024, and the nutrient bags were placed on November 25, 2024. The number of fruiting bodies was investigated in the field on February 20, 2025, and the nutrient bags were retrieved to measure the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate. The aeration porosity measurement method for each treatment's nutrient substrate was based on the forestry industry standard "Determination of Forest Soil Moisture and Physical Properties" (LYT-1215-1999).

[0052] Step 1: Pre-wetting of raw materials. Rice husks are pre-wetted by soaking in clean water at room temperature (25℃) for 48 hours, then drained and set aside. Wheat is pre-wetted by soaking in clean water at room temperature (25℃) for 48 hours, then drained and set aside. The mushroom residue is pre-wetted to a moisture content of about 50%.

[0053] Step 2: Prepare the nutrient substrate according to... Figure 5The indicated mass and proportions are used to mix the mushroom residue, pre-wetted rice husks, and pre-wetted wheat. 1% lime and 2% gypsum are added and mixed thoroughly to form the morel nutrient substrate.

[0054] Step 3: Filling the nutrient substrate. Fill the mixed nutrient substrate into a polypropylene bag (28cm×14cm, 5 mils), with a filling weight of 500g (fresh weight). After filling, tie the bag with string to seal it, and it becomes a nutrient bag.

[0055] Step 4: Sterilize the nutrient bags. Place the nutrient bags in a high-pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization at a temperature of 121℃ for 0.5 hours.

[0056] Step 5: Placement of nutrient bags. The nutrient bags should be placed in the field 7-10 days after the morel spawn is sown. In this experiment, the morel spawn was sown on November 15, 2024. The nutrient bags were placed on the soil surface on November 25, 2024. Before placing, two parallel cuts were made on one side of the nutrient bag, with a cut length of about 10cm. The cut side was placed with the cut side facing the ground. 1.5 kg of nutrient bags were placed per square meter, and the nutrient bags were arranged in a triangular pattern.

[0057] The amylopectin content of the nutrient substrate in each experimental group and control group was measured to be 0 g, 0 g, 0 g, and 105.1 g, respectively. The aeration porosity and fruiting body quantity of the nutrient substrate were also measured as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the mushroom growth is as follows Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrates corresponding to experimental groups 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and control group CK were 36.2%, 36.9%, 36.4%, and 34.7%, respectively, indicating that the aeration porosity was comparable among the treatment groups. The unit area (m²) corresponding to experimental groups 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and control group CK is also shown in the figure. 2 The number of fruiting bodies in experimental groups 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 were 3, 4, 1, and 58, respectively. The number of fruiting bodies in experimental groups 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 was significantly lower than that in the control group (CK). Based on the above results and combined with the results of experimental groups 1-1 to 1-4, it can be concluded that the nutrient substrate in the nutrient bag not only needs suitable aeration porosity, but also requires a high content of amylopectin.

[0058] Experiment 3 Nutrient bags were prepared using raw materials with high amylopectin content as the main material to replace wheat, with fungal residue and rice husks as auxiliary materials. Experimental groups 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 used cassava, barley, and red bean nutrient bags, respectively, while the control group (CK) used conventional wheat nutrient bags. Morel mushrooms were sown in the field on November 15, 2024, and the nutrient bags were placed on November 25, 2024. On February 20, 2025, the number of fruiting bodies was investigated in the field, and the nutrient bags were retrieved to measure the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate. The aeration porosity measurement method for each treatment's nutrient substrate was based on the forestry industry standard "Determination of Forest Soil Moisture and Physical Properties" (LYT-1215-1999).

[0059] Raw materials were pre-wetted. Rice husks were pre-wetted by soaking in water at 25℃ for 48 hours, then drained and set aside. Wheat and barley were pre-wetted by soaking wheat in water for 48 hours and barley for 60 hours at 25℃, then drained and set aside. The mushroom residue was pre-wetted to a moisture content of approximately 50%. Red beans were pre-wetted by soaking in water at 25℃ for 60 hours, then drained and set aside. The mushroom residue was not pre-wetted. The methods for nutrient substrate preparation, filling, sterilization of nutrient bags, and placement of nutrient bags during the experiment were the same as in Experiment 2.

[0060] The formulation composition for each treatment group is as follows: Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the amylopectin content of each treatment group was measured as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies are as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the mushroom growth is as follows Figure 11 As shown. The unit area (m²) of experimental groups 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and the control group CK. 2 The number of morel fruiting bodies in experimental groups 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 were 32, 30, 10, and 58, respectively, corresponding to aeration porosities of 22.8%, 19.7%, 17.3%, 22.8%, and 34.7%. These results show that the number of morel fruiting bodies in experimental groups 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 was significantly lower than that in the control group (CK). The corresponding aeration porosities ranged from 19.7% to 22.8%, also significantly lower than those in the control group (CK). This indicates that even under conditions of high amylopectin nutrient supply, lower aeration porosity in the nutrient substrate significantly reduces the number of morel fruiting bodies.

[0061] Experiment 4 Nutrient bags were prepared using raw materials with high amylopectin content as the main ingredient to replace wheat, with mycelial residue and rice husks as auxiliary materials. The main ingredients used in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 were cassava, barley, and red beans, respectively, while the main ingredient used in the control group (CK) was wheat. Morel mushrooms were sown in the field on November 15, 2024, and the nutrient bags were placed on November 25, 2024. On February 20, 2025, the number of fruiting bodies was investigated in the field, and the nutrient bags were retrieved to measure the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate. The aeration porosity measurement method for each treatment's nutrient substrate was based on the forestry industry standard "Determination of Forest Soil Moisture and Physical Properties" (LYT-1215-1999). The methods for nutrient substrate preparation, filling, sterilization, and placement during the experiment were the same as in Experiment 2.

[0062] The formulation composition for each treatment group is as follows: Figure 12 As shown in the figure, the amylopectin content of each treatment group was measured as follows: Figure 13 As shown, the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies are as follows: Figure 14 As shown, the mushroom growth is as follows Figure 15 As shown. The unit area (m²) of experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and the control group CK. 2 The number of fruiting bodies in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 were 10, 15, 5, and 58, respectively, corresponding to aeration porosity of 20.1%, 22.7%, 20.3%, and 34.7%. The results showed that the number of morel fruiting bodies in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 was significantly lower than that in the control group (CK). The corresponding aeration porosity ranged from 19.7% to 22.8%, also significantly lower than that in the control group (CK). This indicates that under conditions of low amylopectin nutrient supply and low aeration porosity, morel fruiting was not ideal, resulting in a lower number of morel fruiting bodies.

[0063] Experiment 5 The experimental group's nutrient bags consisted of cassava, mushroom residue, and rice husks, with mass fractions of 40%, 30%, and 30%, respectively. The cassava was processed directly in a mixer to a particle size of 0.5–0.8 cm without soaking. The mushroom residue underwent pre-wetting treatment until its moisture content reached 50%. The rice husks were soaked for 48 hours, and after draining, their moisture content was 8.2%. The cassava, mushroom residue, and rice husks were mixed thoroughly in several batches, and then 1% (by mass) of lime and 2% (by mass) of gypsum were added, followed by further mixing.

[0064] After mixing, pack the raw materials into 12 cm × 25 cm polypropylene plastic bags, with 500g of raw materials per bag. Tie the bag opening tightly with a cloth rope to create unsterilized nutrient bags. Transfer the nutrient bags to an autoclave and sterilize at 121℃ for 0.5 hours. After sterilization, remove the nutrient bags from the autoclave and cool them to room temperature. Then, make a slit on one side and place them in the field. The morel mushrooms were sown in the field on November 15, 2024, and the nutrient bags were placed on November 25, 2024. The field planting density of the nutrient bags was 1000 kg / mu.

[0065] The control group used conventional wheat nutrient bags. Except for the main raw materials of the nutrient bags and their soaking methods, the other treatment methods and management measures were the same as those of the experimental group.

[0066] The degree of mycelial coverage, mycelial growth, and primordium density of the nutrient bags in the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 1. The fruiting conditions of the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 1. Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown.

[0067] Table 1 Field performance of nutrient bags under different treatments deal with Mycelium fullness in the bag <![CDATA[Primordial density (number / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Mushroom fruiting situation (number / m 2 )]]> experimental group 100% full bag 353 78 control group 100% full bag 321 58 The results showed that, with the optimized ratio of cassava, mycelium residue, and rice husk (40%:30%:30%) and specific processing techniques, cassava nutrient bags exhibited significant advantages. Although the control group, traditional wheat nutrient bags, could also achieve full-bag growth (100% mycelial coverage), the experimental group showed a 10% increase in primordia density and a 34.5% increase in fruiting yield.

[0068] The above embodiments are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-grain based Morchella nutritional substrate, characterized in that: It includes basic raw materials and adjuvants with a mass fraction not exceeding 3%; the basic raw materials are obtained by mixing non-grain-based biomass main materials and non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials, wherein the non-grain-based biomass main material is cassava, and the non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials are selected from rice husks and mushroom residue; by adjusting the types and proportions of biomass main materials and biomass auxiliary materials, the amylopectin content in the non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient substrate is in the range of 21.4% to 37.0%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient substrate is in the range of 29.7% to 34.7%; The additive is a pH adjuster accounting for 1% to 3% of the mass of the nutrient substrate. The pH adjuster is a combination of quicklime and gypsum, which adjusts the pH of the nutrient substrate to the range of 6.5 to 7.

5. Of the basic raw materials, cassava accounts for 40% to 61.7% by mass, rice husk accounts for 6.8% to 30% by mass, and mushroom residue accounts for 27.7% to 50.0% by mass.

2. The non-grain based Morchella nutritional substrate of claim 1, wherein: In the basic raw materials, the mass fractions of cassava, rice husk, and mushroom residue are 40%, 30%, and 30%, respectively.

3. A non-grain based morchella nutrition pouch, characterized by: Includes a bag and the non-grain-based morel nutrient substrate as described in claim 1 or 2 contained within the bag.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the non-grain-based Morchella nutrition bag is prepared by the steps of: Includes the following steps: ​ Step S1: Raw material preparation. Chop the main ingredient, cassava, and adjust the moisture content of the auxiliary ingredients, rice husks and mushroom residue, to more than 50%. Step S2: Mix and compound. Adjust the ratio of cassava, rice husk and mushroom residue according to the preset requirements for amylopectin content and aeration porosity, and add adjuvants. Mix evenly. Step S3: Filling and sterilization: Fill the well-mixed nutrient substrate into plastic bags and sterilize them. The non-grain-based morel nutrient bag was obtained.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the non-grain-based Morchella nutrition bag is prepared by the steps of: In step S1, the cassava is chopped into particles no larger than 0.8 cm. The biomass auxiliary materials are soaked or sprayed with water to increase their moisture content to a preset level. In step S2, multiple mixing processes are involved. The first mixing process is used to mix the main biomass material and the auxiliary biomass material evenly. The second mixing process is used to add a pH adjuster and then mix the pH adjuster evenly. In step S3, high-temperature resistant polypropylene plastic bags are used for the plastic bags. The sterilization process is carried out using high-temperature high-pressure sterilization or high-temperature normal-pressure sterilization. The high-temperature high-pressure sterilization conditions are maintained at 121~126℃ for 3~4 hours, followed by cooling and removal. The high-temperature normal-pressure sterilization conditions are maintained at 100℃ for 15~18 hours, followed by cooling and removal.

6. A method of growing Morchella, characterized by: Using the non-grain-based morel nutrient bags as described in claim 3, including morel spawn inoculation, the nutrient bags are slit and placed on the ground 7-10 days after inoculation, the placement density is controlled, and field management is carried out until the mushrooms appear.

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