Internal heating multistage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of pyrolysis, in particular to a kind of inner heat multistage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method, the inner heat multistage flexible rotary pyrolysis device includes multiple horizontally arranged hollow cylindrical reaction chamber, each reaction chamber includes multiple flexible scrapers and coaxially arranged heating pipe in the opposite end face of reaction chamber and flexible reaction cage arranged on the heating pipe.All the inside of heating pipe can flow through heat carrier to be used for heating reaction chamber, reaction chamber is sequentially arranged from top to bottom and is communicated by connecting channel between adjacent reaction chamber.The one end of flexible scraper is fixed on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of reaction chamber and the other end can contact the reticular surface of flexible reaction cage.The present application can directly and efficiently pyrolyze large-size strip-shaped organic waste, to solve the technical problems that existing pyrolysis device for strip-shaped organic waste processing exists raw material easy softening and sticking blockage, serious coking and slagging, higher pretreatment cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pyrolysis technology, specifically to an internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method. Background Technology

[0002] Organic waste materials such as paper, tires, and fibers need to be processed into strips in some industrial and agricultural production processes. Textiles, rubber products, and plastic products also require cutting and trimming before molding, generating strip-shaped waste. If these strip-shaped wastes are carelessly discarded or landfilled, they not only pollute the environment but also result in a significant waste of resources.

[0003] Pyrolysis is a highly efficient method for treating organic strip-shaped waste. Compared with traditional methods, it offers advantages such as shorter processing cycles, higher conversion efficiency, significant volume reduction, efficient solidification of heavy metals, and avoidance of the formation of harmful substances like dioxins. It also yields high-value solid-liquid-gas byproducts. However, existing pyrolysis equipment has several shortcomings when processing strip-shaped raw materials. For example, organic raw materials soften and clump together easily when heated. Furthermore, the large size of the strips inevitably leads to blockages within the pyrolysis unit, causing severe coking and slagging problems, hindering heat transfer, and preventing the unit from operating stably for extended periods. If additional crushing pretreatment measures are used to pulverize the strip-shaped raw materials, it significantly increases the power consumption of the reaction unit, greatly raising processing costs and resulting in a bulky equipment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design new pyrolysis reaction devices that can ensure that strip-shaped waste materials can be directly fed into the pyrolysis reaction chamber for efficient pyrolysis without crushing and pretreatment, while also promptly cleaning up adhering coke and pyrolysis residues to prevent device blockage and maintain the stable operation of the pyrolysis process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method to solve the technical problems of existing pyrolysis devices in the treatment of strip-shaped organic waste, such as easy softening, adhesion and blockage of raw materials, serious coking and slag formation, and high pretreatment costs.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, comprising multiple horizontally arranged hollow cylindrical reaction chambers, each of which includes multiple flexible scrapers and heating tubes coaxially arranged on opposite end faces of the reaction chamber, as well as a flexible reaction cage disposed on the heating tubes.

[0009] All the reaction chambers are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, and adjacent reaction chambers are connected by connecting channels. Each reaction chamber is divided into a separation zone on one side and a reaction zone on the other side by a vertical axial section. The separation zone and reaction zone of adjacent reaction chambers are in opposite positions, and the separation zone of the reaction chamber in the upper layer is located above the separation zone of the reaction chamber in the lower layer. The top of the uppermost reaction chamber has a feed inlet and a gas outlet, and the bottom of the lowermost reaction chamber has a discharge outlet. All the heating tubes are hollow circular tubes, and a heat carrier can flow through the interior of the heating tubes to heat the reaction chambers.

[0010] The flexible reaction cage includes a rotating drum rotatably sleeved outside the heating tube, a set of fins respectively arranged on the rotating drum near the two end faces of the reaction chamber, and multiple flexible wires connecting the free ends of the two sets of fins. Each set of fins includes multiple fins spaced apart circumferentially. The fins extend outward radially along the rotating drum, and all the flexible wires together form a mesh surface. The rotation direction of the rotating drum satisfies the following: the flexible reaction cage rotates downward in the reaction zone and upward in the separation zone.

[0011] All of the flexible scrapers are flat, strip-shaped elastic structures and are spaced apart in the separation zone of the reaction chamber. One end of the flexible scraper is fixed to the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber, and the other end can contact the mesh surface.

[0012] Optionally, all the reaction chambers are arranged in a zigzag pattern along the vertical direction, and the angle α between the plane formed by the axes of two adjacent reaction chambers and the horizontal plane is 45° to 75°, and the rotating drums of the reaction chambers in adjacent layers rotate in opposite directions.

[0013] Optionally, all of the reaction chambers have the same diameter;

[0014] Alternatively, the diameter of the reaction chamber decreases layer by layer from top to bottom.

[0015] Optionally, the connecting channel connects the bottom of the separation zone of the reaction chamber on the upper level to the top of the separation zone of the reaction chamber on the lower level.

[0016] Optionally, the rotating drum is supported on the heating tube by an internal bearing; one end of the rotating drum is located inside the reaction chamber and the other end is supported on the end face of the reaction chamber by an external bearing, and is connected to an external drive mechanism through the end face of the reaction chamber, the drive mechanism being able to drive the flexible reaction cage to rotate; a plurality of heat exchange fins are arranged at intervals on the inner surface of the heating tube.

[0017] Optionally, all of the said winglets may be of the same length or at least partially different.

[0018] Optionally, the feed inlet is located at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber and is connected to the feed system; the gas outlet is located at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber and is connected to the separation and condensation system; the discharge outlet is located at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber and is connected to the solid collection system.

[0019] Optionally, the flexible filament is made of stainless steel filament, aluminum silicate fiber filament, or aramid fiber filament; and / or, the flexible scraper is a stainless steel sheet; the heat carrier flowing inside the heating tube is high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature molten salt.

[0020] Optionally, the multiple flexible scrapers are evenly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber, and the central angle β on the circular cross-section of the reaction chamber corresponding to the distribution area of ​​the multiple flexible scrapers is 60 to 150°; on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber, the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers is at least 10 mm.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, and includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. Drive the rotating drum to rotate the flexible reaction cage at the set speed, and at the same time introduce heat carrier into the heating tube to heat the inside of the reaction chamber to the set temperature.

[0023] S2. The raw material is fed into the uppermost reaction chamber through the feed inlet and falls onto the flexible reaction cage. As the temperature rises, the raw material softens and adheres to the flexible wire and undergoes pyrolysis.

[0024] S3. The flexible reaction cage rotates continuously under the drive of the rotating drum, causing the raw material located above the reaction chamber to move to the bottom of the reaction chamber with the flexible reaction cage in the reaction zone, gradually increasing the degree of pyrolysis and generating pyrolysis gas.

[0025] S4. As the flexible reaction cage continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone of the reaction chamber. The flexible scraper intermittently collides with the flexible wires of the flexible reaction cage, peeling off the raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and adhering to the flexible reaction cage, while crushing the pyrolysis residue coke and waste residue.

[0026] S5. The unpyrolyzed raw material that is peeled off from the flexible wires of the flexible reaction cage passes through the connecting channel under the action of gravity and falls onto the flexible reaction cage of the next reaction chamber. Continue to repeat steps S3 and S4 until the raw material enters the bottom reaction chamber, is completely converted into coke and waste residue fragments after pyrolysis, and is peeled off from the flexible wires.

[0027] S6. In the lowest reaction chamber, the pyrolysis residue coke and waste are automatically discharged from the outlet under gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged through the gas outlet, and after condensation and separation, the target product is collected. The target product includes liquid products and high-value components in non-condensable gases; the desired target product is screened out for further utilization, while the remaining product is used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to provide heat for the heat carrier.

[0028] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0029] This invention provides an internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device capable of directly and efficiently pyrolyzing large-sized strip-shaped organic waste. The core component is a flexible reaction cage and flexible scrapers. A high-temperature heat carrier circulates inside the heating tube, heating each reaction chamber to a set temperature. The strip-shaped waste enters the uppermost reaction chamber, softens upon heating, and then wraps around and adheres to the flexible filaments of the flexible reaction cage, initiating pyrolysis. The flexible reaction cage rotates continuously under the drive of a rotating drum, causing the raw material to move through the reaction zone to the lower part of the reaction chamber, gradually increasing the degree of pyrolysis. As the flexible reaction cage continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone, where the flexible scrapers intermittently collide with the flexible filaments, generating elastic high-frequency vibrations. Through the intermittent vibrations of the flexible filaments and the scraping action of the flexible scrapers, the incompletely pyrolyzed raw material is peeled off from the flexible filaments, while simultaneously breaking up the residual coke and slag. The incompletely pyrolyzed raw material enters the next reaction chamber, repeating the above steps until complete pyrolysis, turning everything into coke and slag fragments. Automatic discharge is achieved in the lowermost reaction chamber by gravity. Because of the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following effects:

[0030] 1. Stable operation of the device: The strip-shaped waste material used as raw material undergoes pyrolysis reaction on the flexible reaction cage. The raw material softens when heated and can spontaneously adhere and fix itself on the flexible wire. At the same time, it ensures that the contact area between the raw material and the flexible wire is small, so that the pyrolysis residue can easily detach spontaneously under the intermittent collision action of the flexible scraper, effectively preventing the flexible reaction cage from clogging and ensuring that the device can operate continuously.

[0031] 2. High heat transfer efficiency: The flexible scraper can effectively scrape off the coke and pyrolysis residues adhering to the surface of the flexible reaction cage during the pyrolysis process, which is conducive to heat transfer and improves pyrolysis efficiency; at the same time, the heating tubes used for heating are arranged inside the reaction chamber, heating the flexible reaction cage from the inside to the outside, reducing heat dissipation and loss.

[0032] 3. Multi-chamber continuous operation with high pyrolysis efficiency: Multiple reaction chambers are connected, and each reaction chamber is independently temperature-controlled by adjusting the temperature of the heat carrier, ensuring that the raw materials are continuously pyrolyzed at the optimal temperature required by the pyrolysis curve, resulting in high reaction efficiency and effectively ensuring the time required for complete pyrolysis. Moreover, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber of the lower layer will enter the reaction chamber of the upper layer and eventually be discharged from the gas outlet at the top. The pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber of the lower layer will provide auxiliary heat to the reaction chamber of the upper layer, thereby achieving energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0033] 4. Convenient reaction control and wide adaptability of raw materials: Depending on the characteristics of the raw materials and the type of target product, flexible wires with different gaps and connection methods, as well as flexible scrapers with different sizes and layouts, can be replaced. At the same time, the feed rate, rotating drum speed, pyrolysis temperature and other parameters of the device can be flexibly controlled to adjust the pyrolysis reaction process, so as to achieve efficient pyrolysis of different raw materials in a targeted manner.

[0034] 5. Automatic slag discharge: The coke and waste residue remaining after pyrolysis will be automatically discharged from the discharge port under the action of flexible scrapers and gravity.

[0035] 6. Simple structure and easy maintenance: The transfer of raw materials between adjacent reaction chambers can be achieved by using flexible scrapers and gravity, without the need for other auxiliary devices, and the structure is simple; the flexible scraper is an elastic flat strip structure, with fins connected to two end plates, and the outer edges of the fins are connected to each other by flexible wires, making the rotating components easy to replace and the device easy to maintain.

[0036] 7. High space utilization: Large-sized strip-shaped raw materials can be directly fed into the reaction chamber for pyrolysis without being crushed into particles, which can save the need for additional pretreatment, stirring, and decoking equipment. At the same time, the whole unit is arranged vertically, eliminating the need for external heat exchange flues and improving the overall space utilization of the unit. In addition, the size of the reaction chamber can be reduced sequentially with the increase of the number of stages to adapt to the process of the raw materials being decomposed into smaller and smaller pieces in the reaction chamber, further improving the space and heat utilization.

[0037] 8. Effective dechlorination and clean emissions: Pyrolysis is an anaerobic process that produces reducing components such as H2 and CO. Moreover, the temperature is relatively low, which can effectively inhibit the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source and achieve efficient dechlorination. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible reaction cage in this invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reaction chamber in this invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating drum and heating tube in this invention.

[0042] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0043] 1: Feed inlet; 2: Flexible scraper; 3: Connecting channel; 4: Discharge outlet; 5: Reaction chamber; 6: Flexible reaction cage; 7: Gas outlet; 8: Heating tube; 9: Drive mechanism;

[0044] 61: Rotating drum; 62: Winged rod; 63: Flexible filament; 64: Internal bearing; 65: External bearing;

[0045] A: Separation zone; B: Reaction zone. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0048] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0049] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; "connection" can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] See Figure 1 and Figure 2The present invention provides an internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, which includes multiple horizontally arranged hollow cylindrical reaction chambers 5. Each reaction chamber 5 includes multiple flexible scrapers 2 and heating pipes 8 coaxially arranged on opposite end faces of the reaction chamber 5, as well as a flexible reaction cage 6 arranged on the heating pipes 8.

[0051] All reaction chambers 5 are externally supported and fixed by multiple auxiliary brackets. All reaction chambers 5 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom and adjacent reaction chambers 5 are connected by connecting channels 3. The reaction chamber 5 is divided into a separation zone on one side and a reaction zone on the other side by a vertical axial section. The separation zone and reaction zone of two adjacent reaction chambers 5 are in opposite positions, and the separation zone of the upper reaction chamber 5 is located above the separation zone of the lower reaction chamber 5. The top of the uppermost reaction chamber 5 is provided with a feed inlet 1 and a gas outlet 7, and the bottom of the lowermost reaction chamber 5 is provided with a discharge outlet 4.

[0052] All heating tubes 8 are hollow round tubes that extend horizontally, and the interior of the heating tubes 8 can circulate heat carriers to heat the reaction chamber 5.

[0053] The flexible reaction cage 6 is a hollow cylindrical structure in the shape of a cage and is arranged coaxially with the reaction chamber 5. The flexible reaction cage 6 includes a rotating drum 61 rotatably sleeved on the heating tube 8, a set of fins 62 respectively arranged on the outer surface of the rotating drum 61 near the two end faces of the reaction chamber 5, and multiple flexible wires 63 connecting the free ends of the two sets of fins 62. The rotating drum 61 is a hollow cylindrical structure coaxially arranged with the heating tube 8. Each set of fins 62 includes multiple fins 62 spaced apart circumferentially. The fins 62 extend outward radially along the rotating drum 61, and all the flexible wires 63 together form a mesh surface. The rotation direction of the rotating drum 61 satisfies the following: the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates downward in the reaction zone and upward in the separation zone. The lengths of all the fins 62 can be all the same or at least partially different. The strip-shaped waste material used as raw material undergoes pyrolysis on the flexible reaction cage 6. The raw material softens when heated and can spontaneously adhere and fix itself to the flexible wire 63. At the same time, it ensures that the contact area between the raw material and the flexible wire 63 is small, so that the pyrolysis residue can easily detach spontaneously under the intermittent collision action of the flexible scraper 2, effectively preventing the flexible reaction cage 6 from clogging and ensuring that the device can operate continuously.

[0054] All flexible scrapers 2 are flat, strip-shaped elastic structures arranged at intervals within the separation zone of the reaction chamber 5. One end of each flexible scraper 2 is fixed to the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5, while the other end can contact the mesh surface. That is, the length of the flexible scraper 2 is greater than the gap width between the fin 62 and the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5. The flexible scrapers 2 can effectively scrape away the coke and pyrolysis residue adhering to the surface of the flexible reaction cage 6 during pyrolysis, which is beneficial for heat transfer and improves pyrolysis efficiency.

[0055] The heating tube 8 allows for the flow of a heat transfer medium to heat the reaction chamber 5. The high-temperature heat transfer medium circulates within the heating tube 8, heating each reaction chamber to a set temperature. Furthermore, multiple reaction chambers 5 are interconnected, and the heat transfer medium within the heating tube 8 of each reaction chamber 5 can be independently temperature-controlled (the heat transfer medium circulating within the heating tube 8 can preferably be high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature molten salt, with temperatures reaching 400–900°C; specifically, the remaining product after separation of the target product is burned to generate high-temperature flue gas or to heat the molten salt for heat storage), ensuring that the raw materials continuously pyrolyze at the optimal temperature required by the pyrolysis curve, resulting in high reaction efficiency and effectively guaranteeing the time required for complete pyrolysis. Moreover, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber 5 of the next lower layer enters the reaction chamber 5 of the previous layer and is eventually discharged from the gas outlet 7 at the top. The pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber 5 of the next lower layer provides auxiliary heat to the reaction chamber 5 of the previous layer, thereby achieving energy saving and efficiency improvement. Moreover, the pyrolysis in this device is an anaerobic process that can produce reducing components such as H2 and CO. Furthermore, the low temperature can effectively inhibit the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source, thus achieving efficient dechlorination.

[0056] exist Figure 1 In the preferred embodiment shown, the reaction chamber 5 of the entire device has four stages, which are divided into a first-stage reaction chamber, a second-stage reaction chamber, a third-stage reaction chamber, and a fourth-stage reaction chamber from top to bottom. Each stage of the reaction chamber 5 is a hollow horizontal cylindrical structure. The reaction chamber 5 is divided into a reaction zone B and a separation zone A by a vertical axial section, which respectively correspond to... Figure 3 The reaction chamber 5 is divided into a right zone and a left zone, with the vertical axis of symmetry as the boundary. Each reaction chamber 5 is arranged vertically from top to bottom in a zigzag pattern according to its level, thus providing sufficient residence space and time for the raw materials. The separation zone and reaction zone of adjacent reaction chambers 5 are in opposite positions, and the angle α between the plane formed by the axes of adjacent reaction chambers 5 and the horizontal plane is 45° to 75°, ensuring that the separation zone of the upper reaction chamber is located above the separation zone of the lower reaction chamber. In this embodiment, the rotating drums 61 of adjacent reaction chambers 5 rotate in opposite directions (see [reference]). Figure 1 Adjacent reaction chambers are connected by a connecting channel 3, which links the bottom of the separation zone of the upper-level reaction chamber 5 to the top of the separation zone of the lower-level reaction chamber 5. Large-sized strip-shaped raw materials can be directly fed into reaction chamber 5 for pyrolysis without being crushed into particles, eliminating the need for additional pretreatment, stirring, and decoking equipment, thus improving the overall space utilization of the device. All reaction chambers 5 can have the same diameter, or the diameter of the reaction chambers 5 can gradually decrease from top to bottom to accommodate the process of the raw materials continuously shrinking as they decompose under heat, further improving space and heat utilization.

[0057] Further, see Figure 4The rotating drum 61 is supported on the heating tube 8 by an internal bearing 64. One end of the rotating drum 61 is inside the reaction chamber 5, and the other end is supported on the end face of the reaction chamber 5 by an external bearing 65. It passes through the end face of the reaction chamber 5 and is connected to an external drive mechanism 9 (motor), which drives the flexible reaction cage 6 to rotate. The rotation direction of the rotating drum 61 is... Figure 1 and Figure 3 The arrows indicate that the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates downwards in the reaction zone of the primary reaction chamber 5 and upwards in the separation zone. Multiple heat exchange fins are spaced apart on the inner surface of the heating tube 8, and these fins can extend radially inwards from the inner surface of the heating tube 8 to improve heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, at least one of the two opposite end faces of each reaction chamber 5 is detachably mounted to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the flexible scraper 2, rotating drum 61, etc.

[0058] See you again Figure 1 The feed inlet 1 is located at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber 5 and is connected to the feeding system; the gas outlet 7 is located at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber 5 and is connected to the separation and condensation system; the discharge outlet 4 is located at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber 5 and is connected to the solid collection system. The coke and slag remaining after pyrolysis will be automatically discharged from the discharge outlet under the action of the flexible scraper 2 and gravity.

[0059] Furthermore, the flexible filament 63 can be made of stainless steel filament, aluminum silicate fiber filament, or aramid fiber filament; the flexible scraper 2 can be a thin stainless steel sheet; it possesses good strength and a long service life. Moreover, as... Figure 1 As shown, multiple flexible scrapers 2 are evenly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber 5. The central angle β of the circular cross section of the reaction chamber 5 corresponding to the distribution area of ​​the multiple flexible scrapers 2 is 60 to 150°. On the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5, the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers 2 is at least 10 mm.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below based on the preferred embodiment. Specifically, all reaction chambers 5 have an inner diameter of 800 mm and a length of 1200 mm; the flexible reaction cage 6 has a length of 1000 mm; the heating tube 8 has a diameter of 400 mm; the rotating drum 61 has an outer diameter of 500 mm; and a group (each group has 60) of identical fins 62 are evenly arranged on the rotating drum 61 near the two end faces of the reaction chamber 5. The fins 62 have a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 100 mm, ensuring that the distance between the edge of the fin 62 and the inner wall of the reaction chamber 5 is 50 mm. The flexible wire 63 is made of stainless steel wire; in this embodiment, it is made of stainless steel wire. Figure 2The connection is achieved through various means, but not limited to this material and connection method. Flexible wire 63 connects the free ends of the two sets of wing rods 62. The flexible scraper 2 is a flat, strip-shaped, elastic stainless steel sheet, 60mm long, 10mm wide, and 0.2mm thick. Multiple flexible scrapers 2 are evenly arranged on the inner surface of the separation zone of each reaction chamber 5, with a maximum of 20 distributed along the axial direction and a maximum of 6 distributed circumferentially. The distribution area is 60° on each side of the horizontal axis of symmetry on the circular cross-section of the reaction chamber 5, corresponding to a central angle of 120°. This ingenious arrangement allows the flexible scrapers 2 to achieve optimal efficiency in scraping and removing the adhesive residue remaining on the surface of the flexible reaction cage 6. Material transfer between adjacent reaction chambers 5 can be achieved solely through the flexible scrapers 2 and gravity, without the need for other auxiliary devices, resulting in a simple structure. The flexible scraper 2 is an elastic, flat strip structure, with the wing rods 62 radially connected to the rotating drum 61. The outer edges of the wing rods 62 are interconnected by flexible wire 63, making the rotating components easy to replace and facilitating device maintenance. Furthermore, depending on the characteristics of the raw materials and the type of target product, flexible wires 63 with different gaps and connection methods, as well as flexible scrapers 2 with different sizes and layouts, can be replaced. At the same time, the feeding speed, rotation speed of the rotating drum 61, pyrolysis temperature and other parameters of the device can be flexibly controlled to adjust the pyrolysis reaction process, thereby achieving a targeted and efficient pyrolysis process for different raw materials.

[0061] To better achieve the above technical solution, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis method for strip-shaped organic waste, which utilizes the internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device provided by the present invention to pyrolyze the strip-shaped organic waste, and the steps include:

[0062] S1. Drive the rotating drum 61 to rotate the entire flexible reaction cage 6 at the set speed, and at the same time introduce heat carrier into the heating tube 8 to heat the inside of the reaction chamber 5 to the set temperature.

[0063] S2. Strip-shaped waste material is fed into the uppermost reaction chamber 5 through the feed inlet 1 and falls onto the flexible reaction cage 6. As the temperature rises, the material softens and adheres to the flexible wire 63 and undergoes pyrolysis.

[0064] S3. The flexible reaction cage 6 rotates continuously under the drive of the rotating drum 61, so that the raw material located above the reaction chamber 5 moves with the flexible reaction cage 6 to the bottom of the reaction chamber 5 in the reaction zone, and the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases, generating pyrolysis gas.

[0065] S4. As the flexible reaction cage 6 continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone of the reaction chamber 5. The flexible scraper 2 and the flexible wire 63 of the flexible reaction cage 6 collide intermittently, generating elastic high-frequency vibration. Through the intermittent vibration of the flexible wire 63 and the scraping action of the flexible scraper 2, the raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and adhered to the flexible reaction cage 6 is peeled off, while the pyrolysis residue coke and waste residue are crushed.

[0066] S5. The unpyrolyzed raw material that is peeled off from the flexible wire 63 of the flexible reaction cage 6 passes through the connecting channel 3 under the action of gravity and falls onto the flexible reaction cage 6 of the next layer of reaction chamber 5. Continue to repeat steps S3 and S4 until the raw material enters the bottom layer of reaction chamber 5, and after complete pyrolysis, it is completely converted into coke and waste residue fragments and peeled off from the flexible wire 63.

[0067] S6. In the lowest reaction chamber 5, the pyrolysis residue coke and slag are automatically discharged from the discharge port 4 under gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged through the gas outlet 7, and after condensation and separation, the target product is collected. The target product includes liquid products and high-value components in non-condensable gases (based on the raw materials and reaction conditions, the components in the liquid phase and gas phase are screened out); the desired target product is screened out for further utilization, while the remaining product is used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to provide heat for the heat carrier.

[0068] To improve the pyrolysis efficiency of the raw materials, the temperature of the reaction chamber 5 is set to 300–800°C, and the rotation speed of the rotating drum 61 is set to 1–20 r / min. This ensures that the temperature and reaction time during the pyrolysis process are as close as possible to the optimal pyrolysis environment for the specific strip-shaped raw materials, thereby improving the pyrolysis conversion rate of the raw materials and the yield of the target product. The following detailed description of the pyrolysis process using a flexible rotary pyrolysis device is provided through specific embodiments. The devices with basically the same structure are used in each embodiment.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] The pyrolysis temperature and rotation speed of the rotating drum 61 in each reaction chamber 5 are adjusted to achieve a temperature of 400℃ and a rotation speed of 2 r / min in the first reaction chamber, and a temperature of 500℃ and a rotation speed of 4 r / min in the second and third reaction chambers. Waste paper strips with an average length of 300 mm are fed into the internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas is collected and rapidly separated and condensed, with a liquid phase yield of 40.6%. The target product, L-glucanone, accounts for 11.2 wt% of the liquid phase product, achieving efficient disposal and utilization of waste paper strips. Simultaneously, within each reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates once, the residue generated during pyrolysis on the flexible filaments 63 is essentially scraped off, effectively preventing the adhesion, clogging, and coking of raw materials.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The pyrolysis temperature of each stage reaction chamber 5 and the rotation speed of the rotating drum 61 are adjusted to ensure that the temperature of the first, second, and third stage reaction chambers is 700℃ and the rotation speed of the rotating drum 61 is 2 r / min. Waste denim processing material with an average length of 200mm is fed into the internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas is collected and rapidly separated and condensed to obtain 40.6% of the target product, non-condensable combustible gas, achieving efficient disposal and utilization of waste denim processing material. Simultaneously, within each stage reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates once, the residue generated by pyrolysis on the flexible yarn 63 is basically scraped off, effectively preventing the raw material from sticking, clogging, and coking / slagging problems.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] The pyrolysis temperature and rotation speed of the rotating drum 61 in each stage of reaction chamber 5 are adjusted to achieve a temperature of 400℃ and a rotation speed of 4 r / min in the first stage reaction chamber, and a temperature of 600℃ and a rotation speed of 8 r / min in the second and third stage reaction chambers. PET waste plastic threads with an average length of 200 mm are fed into the internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas is collected and rapidly separated and condensed, with a liquid phase yield of 36.3%, of which the yield of the target product benzoic acid reaches 27.4 wt%, achieving efficient disposal and utilization of waste plastic threads. Simultaneously, within each stage of reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates once, the residue generated by pyrolysis on the flexible wire 63 is basically scraped off, effectively preventing the adhesion, blockage, coking, and slagging of raw materials.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] The pyrolysis temperature of each stage reaction chamber 5 is adjusted to 400℃ for the first stage, 700℃ for the second stage, and 500℃ for the third stage, with the rotating drum 61 rotating at 6 r / min in each stage. Waste tire strips with an average length of 300 mm are fed into reaction chamber 5. After one round of pyrolysis in the internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis gas is collected and rapidly separated and condensed, with a liquid phase yield of 39.3%. The target product, aromatics, accounts for 16.7 wt% of the liquid phase product, achieving efficient disposal and utilization of waste tire strips. Simultaneously, within each stage reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates once, the residue generated by pyrolysis on the flexible wire 63 is basically scraped off, effectively preventing the raw materials from sticking, clogging, and coking.

[0077] It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrating the technical approach and features of the present invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. All changes or modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, characterized in that, The internal heating multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device includes multiple horizontally arranged hollow cylindrical reaction chambers (5). Each reaction chamber (5) includes multiple flexible scrapers (2) and heating pipes (8) coaxially arranged on opposite end faces of the reaction chamber (5), as well as a flexible reaction cage (6) arranged on the heating pipes (8). All the reaction chambers (5) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom and adjacent reaction chambers (5) are connected by a connecting channel (3); the reaction chamber (5) is divided into a separation zone on one side and a reaction zone on the other side by a vertical axial section; the separation zone and reaction zone of the reaction chambers (5) of adjacent layers are in opposite positions, and the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5) of the upper layer is located above the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5) of the lower layer; the top of the reaction chamber (5) of the uppermost layer is provided with a feed inlet (1) and a gas outlet (7), and the bottom of the reaction chamber (5) of the lowermost layer is provided with a discharge outlet (4); all the heating tubes (8) are hollow round tubes, and the interior of the heating tubes (8) can circulate heat carrier to heat the reaction chambers (5); The flexible reaction cage (6) includes a rotating drum (61) rotatably sleeved outside the heating tube (8), a set of fins (62) respectively arranged on the rotating drum (61) near the two end faces of the reaction chamber (5), and multiple flexible filaments (63) connecting the free ends of the two sets of fins (62). Each set of fins (62) includes multiple fins (62) spaced apart along the circumference. The fins (62) extend outward along the radial direction of the rotating drum (61), and all the flexible filaments (63) together form a mesh surface. The rotation direction of the rotating drum (61) satisfies the following: the flexible reaction cage (6) rotates downward in the reaction zone and upward in the separation zone. All of the flexible scrapers (2) are flat strip-shaped elastic structures and are arranged at intervals in the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5). One end of the flexible scraper (2) is fixed to the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (5) and the other end can contact the mesh surface. All the reaction chambers (5) are arranged in a zigzag pattern along the vertical direction. The angle α between the plane formed by the axes of two adjacent reaction chambers (5) and the horizontal plane is 45°~75°. The rotating drums (61) of the reaction chambers (5) in the two adjacent layers rotate in opposite directions. The connecting channel (3) connects the bottom of the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5) on the upper layer to the top of the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5) on the lower layer.

2. The internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, All of the reaction chambers (5) have the same diameter; Alternatively, the diameter of the reaction chamber (5) decreases layer by layer from top to bottom.

3. The internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating drum (61) is supported on the heating tube (8) by an internal bearing (64); one end of the rotating drum (61) is inside the reaction chamber (5) and the other end is supported on the end face of the reaction chamber (5) by an external bearing (65), and is connected to an external drive mechanism (9) through the end face of the reaction chamber (5). The drive mechanism (9) can drive the flexible reaction cage (6) to rotate; multiple heat exchange fins are arranged at intervals on the inner surface of the heating tube (8).

4. The internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, All of the said wing rods (62) are of the same length or at least partially different.

5. The internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The feed inlet (1) is located at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber (5), and the feed inlet (1) is connected to the feeding system; the gas outlet (7) is located at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber (5), and the gas outlet (7) is connected to the separation and condensation system; the discharge outlet (4) is located at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber (5), and the discharge outlet (4) is connected to the solid collection system.

6. The internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The flexible filament (63) is made of stainless steel filament, aluminum silicate fiber filament or aramid fiber filament; and / or, the flexible scraper (2) is a stainless steel sheet; the heat carrier flowing inside the heating tube (8) is high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature molten salt.

7. The internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Multiple flexible scrapers (2) are evenly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5). The central angle β of the circular cross section of the reaction chamber (5) corresponding to the distribution area of ​​the multiple flexible scrapers (2) is 60~150°. On the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (5), the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers (2) is at least 10mm.

8. A pyrolysis method, said pyrolysis method being implemented based on the internally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The pyrolysis method includes the following steps: S1. Drive the rotating drum (61) to rotate the flexible reaction cage (6) at the set speed, and at the same time pass the heat carrier into the heating tube (8) to heat the inside of the reaction chamber (5) to the set temperature. S2. The raw material is fed into the uppermost reaction chamber (5) through the feed inlet (1) and falls onto the flexible reaction cage (6). As the temperature rises, the raw material softens and adheres to the flexible wire (63) and undergoes pyrolysis. S3. The flexible reaction cage (6) rotates continuously under the drive of the rotating drum (61), so that the raw material located above the reaction chamber (5) moves to the bottom of the reaction chamber (5) with the flexible reaction cage (6) in the reaction zone, and the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases, generating pyrolysis gas. S4. As the flexible reaction cage (6) continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5). The flexible scraper (2) and the flexible wire (63) of the flexible reaction cage (6) collide intermittently, peeling off the raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and adhering to the flexible reaction cage (6) while breaking the pyrolysis residue coke and waste residue. S5. The unpyrolyzed raw material that is peeled off from the flexible wire (63) of the flexible reaction cage (6) passes through the connecting channel (3) under the action of gravity and falls onto the flexible reaction cage (6) of the next layer of reaction chamber (5). Steps S3 and S4 are repeated until the raw material enters the lowest layer of reaction chamber (5), and after pyrolysis, it is completely converted into coke and waste residue fragments and peeled off from the flexible wire (63). S6. In the reaction chamber (5) at the bottom layer, the pyrolysis residue coke and waste residue are automatically discharged from the discharge port (4) under the action of gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged through the gas outlet (7), and after condensation and separation, the target product is collected. The target product includes liquid products and high-value components in non-condensable gases; the desired target product is screened out for further utilization, while the remaining product is used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to provide heat for the heat carrier.

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