A system and method for agricultural non-point source pollution control
By integrating systems and intelligent monitoring, agricultural non-point source pollution is treated using siphoning and various purification methods, solving the problems of insufficient monitoring and low treatment efficiency, and achieving efficient and economical pollution control.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- YELLOW RIVER INST OF HYDRAULIC RES YELLOW RIVER CONSERVANCY COMMISSION
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient in monitoring capabilities, have limited treatment efficiency, and are not economically viable in the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution. They are also difficult to monitor pollution dynamics in real time and to efficiently treat multiple complex pollutants.
An integrated and intelligent system is adopted, including a water diversion system, a comprehensive treatment system, a power system, and a monitoring and control system. It utilizes physical, adsorption, and biological methods in synergy to introduce water into the body through siphoning. The water undergoes purification treatment in a pretreatment tank, an adsorption treatment tank, an ecological treatment tank, and an aeration tank. It is self-powered by photovoltaic panels and a large-capacity battery, and remote monitoring and operation are achieved by combining a wireless network receiving and transmitting system.
It achieves efficient and economical treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution, enables real-time monitoring and dynamic control, reduces maintenance costs, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.
Smart Images
Figure CN120309099B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural environmental protection, specifically relating to a system and method for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. Background Technology
[0002] Agricultural non-point source pollution refers to pollutants generated by agricultural activities such as fertilizers, pesticides, livestock and poultry manure, and irrigation drainage, which diffuse into surface water or groundwater through rainwater runoff and infiltration, becoming a major source of water eutrophication and soil degradation. The shortcomings of existing treatment technologies include: 1) Insufficient monitoring capabilities: Existing technologies mostly rely on manual data collection, making it difficult to monitor pollution dynamics in real time; 2) Limited treatment efficiency: Single treatment methods (such as biological treatment or physical filtration) cannot efficiently treat multiple complex pollutants; 3) Poor economic efficiency: High equipment and operating costs limit their widespread application. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a systematic, intelligent, economical and efficient agricultural non-point source pollution control solution that utilizes physical, adsorption, and biological methods in synergy to achieve efficient control of agricultural non-point source pollutants.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A system for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution, comprising a water diversion system, an integrated treatment system, an operation control system, a power system, and a monitoring system; The water diversion system uses a siphon effect to introduce the upper layer of water in the river into the comprehensive treatment system for treatment; The integrated treatment system is equipped with a pretreatment tank, an adsorption treatment tank, an ecological treatment tank, and an oxygenation and aeration tank. The water in the water intake system is purified by flowing through the pretreatment tank, adsorption treatment tank, ecological treatment tank, and oxygenation and aeration tank. The power system includes photovoltaic panels, a large-capacity storage battery, an electric siphon pump, a water inlet solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank solenoid three-phase valve, a pretreatment tank drain solenoid valve, an adsorption treatment tank drain solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank drain solenoid valve, and a main drain solenoid valve. The photovoltaic panels are installed at the top of the adsorption treatment tank and the aeration tank, and the large-capacity storage battery is installed at the top of the water intake tank to store the electrical energy of the photovoltaic panels in a timely manner, thus ensuring the power supply of the system itself. The monitoring system includes an influent water quality monitor, an effluent water quality monitor, an influent water level sensor, an effluent water level sensor, and a monitoring camera. The influent water quality sensor is installed in the pretreatment tank to monitor the influent water quality. The effluent water quality sensor is installed on the effluent side of the aeration treatment tank to monitor the effluent water quality. The monitoring camera is installed on the top of the water intake tank to monitor the external operation of the system. The operation and control system is located at the top of the water intake pool and is connected to the control power system and the monitoring system. It is equipped with a wireless network receiving and transmitting system to provide real-time feedback on the system operation status to the management office and to issue timely warnings based on water quality monitoring. This provides information support for system maintenance and repair. At the same time, the maintenance management office has remote control authority and can remotely operate the control panel to improve emergency maintenance efficiency and reduce maintenance costs.
[0005] Furthermore, the water diversion system includes a floating suction head, a water diversion pipeline, a water diversion pool, and an electric siphon pump. The floating suction head is connected to the water diversion pool through the water diversion pipeline. The electric siphon pump at the bottom of the water diversion pool draws water from the river into the water diversion pipeline and into the water diversion pool. After the water is drawn in, the electric siphon pump is turned off. The water is continuously introduced into the integrated treatment system for treatment through the siphon effect.
[0006] Furthermore, the floating suction head includes a float ring, an external filter screen, an internal filter screen, a suction head, and a telescopic tube. The center of the float ring is fixedly connected to the suction head, and the suction head extends below the water surface. An external filter screen is provided at the lower part of the float ring, and an internal filter screen is provided at the inlet section of the suction head, located inside the external filter screen. The outlet section of the suction head is fixedly connected to the telescopic tube, and the telescopic tube is fixedly connected to the water supply pipeline.
[0007] Furthermore, the water intake pool is equipped with an inlet, a water supply inlet, and an electric siphon pump. The inlet is located at the bottom of the water intake pool and is used to introduce water from the water intake pipeline into the water intake pool. The water supply inlet is located on the upper side of the water intake pool near the aeration tank and connects the aeration tank and the water intake pool. The water supply inlet is equipped with a water supply solenoid valve. When the water supply solenoid valve is opened, the treated water in the aeration tank can flow into the water intake pool to provide initial water volume for the electric siphon pump, ensuring that the electric siphon pump can smoothly introduce water from the river into the system for treatment.
[0008] Furthermore, the pretreatment tank is located on one side of the water intake tank. After the electric siphon pump is started, water can flow into the pretreatment tank by gravity through the outlet of the water intake tank. The pretreatment tank is equipped with coarse screens and fine screens in sequence along the water flow direction for pretreatment of the water entering the system.
[0009] Furthermore, the adsorption treatment tank is equipped with an adsorption treatment tank inlet, an adsorption packing box, and a bottom permeable pipe. The water treated in the pretreatment tank flows into the adsorption treatment tank through the adsorption treatment tank inlet, is treated by the packing in the adsorption packing box, and then flows into the ecological treatment tank through the bottom permeable pipe.
[0010] Furthermore, the adsorption treatment tank is provided with several adsorption packing boxes, which are arranged in a uniform and intermittent manner. The adsorption packing boxes are made of a mesh material with good water permeability, and are filled with modified zeolite and iron-based adsorbent in sequence, and are placed in adjacent adsorption packing boxes in an intermittent manner.
[0011] Furthermore, the ecological treatment pond is equipped with an ecological treatment pond electromagnetic three-phase valve, a water distribution pipe, filter media, aquatic plants, an overflow trough, and an ecological treatment pond drain outlet. The ecological treatment pond electromagnetic three-phase valve is located at the bottom of the ecological treatment pond, with its inlet connected to the permeable pipe at the bottom of the adsorption treatment pond, and its outlet connected to both the ecological treatment pond's water distribution pipe and the adsorption treatment pond's drain outlet. The water distribution pipe extends from the ecological treatment pond electromagnetic three-phase valve at the bottom of the ecological treatment pond to the top of the ecological treatment pond, and has multiple outlets evenly distributed to distribute water evenly into the ecological treatment pond. The filter media consists of a coarse gravel layer, a fine gravel layer, a ceramsite layer, and a soil layer, arranged sequentially from bottom to top, enhancing the ecological treatment effect through multiple layers of filter media. The aquatic plants are planted in the soil layer. The overflow trough is elongated and located on the outlet side of the ecological treatment pond to collect the treated water and further discharge it into the aeration tank. The ecological treatment pond drain outlet is located at the bottom of the drainage side of the ecological treatment pond, leading to the aeration tank.
[0012] Furthermore, the aeration tank is equipped with aeration heads, a main outlet, a water inlet, a pretreatment tank drain outlet, an adsorption treatment tank drain outlet, an ecological treatment tank drain outlet, and a main drain outlet. The aeration heads are evenly distributed at the bottom of the aeration tank to oxygenate the water treated in the ecological treatment tank, thereby increasing the dissolved oxygen content of the treated water. The main outlet is located on the upper side of the aeration tank, through which qualified water is discharged into the river. The main drain outlet is located at the bottom of the aeration tank on the effluent side.
[0013] A method for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution includes the following steps: (1) Start-up phase When the system is first started, the water intake pool is filled with water to ensure that the electric siphon pump has enough water to start. The electric siphon pump is started by operating the control system, and the water from the upper layer of the river is pumped into the water intake pool through the floating suction head and the water intake pipeline. After the river water flows to the pretreatment tank, the electric siphon pump stops working. When starting the system for regular water intake in the later stages, since there is treated water in the aeration tank, the water can be drawn into the water intake pool by controlling the solenoid valve of the water inlet by operating the control system, which can ensure the water required for the electric siphon pump to start, without the need to add water. (2) Operation phase 1. Pretreatment tank The water entering the intake pool flows by gravity to the pretreatment pool through siphon action. The water then passes through the coarse and fine screens in the pretreatment pool to further remove impurities. 2. Adsorption treatment tank The pretreated water flows by gravity into the adsorption treatment tank through the inlet. The adsorption treatment tank is equipped with adsorption packing boxes arranged at intervals. After passing through the adsorption packing boxes, the water is discharged into the ecological treatment tank through the permeable pipe at the bottom of the adsorption treatment tank under water pressure. 3. Ecological treatment pond Water is led to a distribution pipe at the top of the ecological treatment tank through a three-phase solenoid valve at the bottom of the tank. The distribution pipe has multiple outlets evenly distributed to the ecological treatment tank. The bottom of the ecological treatment tank is filled with filter media, followed by layers of coarse gravel, fine gravel, ceramsite, and soil from bottom to top. Aquatic plants are planted on top. The water is further purified by the filter media and aquatic plants in the ecological treatment tank. After ecological purification, the water flows along the direction of water flow and is collected in the long overflow channel of the ecological treatment tank before flowing into the aeration tank. 4. Aeration tank After the water flows into the oxygenation and aeration tank, the dissolved oxygen content of the ecologically treated water is further increased by the aeration effect of the aeration heads, thereby improving the quality of the effluent. (3) Maintenance phase 1. Regularly clean up river debris accumulated near the floating suction head, as well as debris and sediment intercepted in the pretreatment tank, to prevent sediment buildup from affecting the normal operation of the system; 2. Regularly check the influent and effluent water quality. After prolonged use, the adsorption packing will reach adsorption saturation. When the effluent water quality deteriorates, the maintenance personnel should replace the packing. 3. Regularly check the health of the plants in the ecological treatment pond. The ecological treatment pond provides sufficient time and space by controlling the flow rate and residence time of the water, allowing the plant roots to fully contact the pollutants in the water and increasing the water purification efficiency. The plants in the ecological treatment pond should be pruned and managed regularly to maintain the vitality and adsorption capacity of the roots. The water flow in the overflow trough should also be kept unobstructed, and dead branches and leaves that may accumulate in the trough should be removed regularly. 4. When an accident occurs in any of the processing units in the integrated treatment system or during scheduled maintenance, the solenoid valves of the pretreatment tank drain outlet, adsorption treatment tank drain outlet, ecological treatment tank drain outlet, and main drain outlet can be started or closed through the operation control system to perform maintenance and repair on the system and keep it in normal operating condition.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention adopts a highly efficient comprehensive treatment method, utilizing physical, adsorption, and biological means in synergy, and is a comprehensive treatment system that integrates high efficiency, environmental protection, and easy maintenance.
[0015] 2. This invention is designed to treat river and ditch water polluted by agricultural non-point source pollution. The sewage treatment volume can be adjusted in real time according to the river water volume and the system operation status.
[0016] 3. This invention achieves unattended operation through intelligent management, supports real-time monitoring, dynamic control and remote operation, reduces maintenance costs and improves processing efficiency.
[0017] 4. The system of the present invention has a simple structure, operates on its own power supply, has low cost and high efficiency, is suitable for large-scale promotion and application, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a system for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated processing system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the floating water suction head of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water intake tank and pretreatment tank of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the adsorption treatment tank of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ecological treatment pond of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oxygenation aeration tank of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Floating suction head; 1-1. Float ring; 1-2. External filter screen; 1-3. Internal filter screen; 1-4. Suction head; 1-5. Telescopic pipe; 1-51. Telescopic elbow; 1-52. Intermediate pipe; 2. Water intake pipeline; 3. Water intake tank; 3-1. Water intake tank inlet; 3-2. Water distribution port; 3-3. Water intake tank outlet; 4. Electric siphon pump; 5. Pretreatment tank; 5-1. Coarse screen; 5-2. Fine screen; 5-3. Pretreatment tank drain; 6. Adsorption treatment tank; 6-1. Adsorption treatment tank inlet; 6-2. Adsorption packing box; 6-3. Bottom permeable pipe of adsorption treatment tank; 6-4. Modified... 6-5. Zeolite, Iron-based Adsorbent, 6-6. Drain Pipe of Adsorption Treatment Tank, 6-7. Drain Outlet of Adsorption Treatment Tank, 7. Ecological Treatment Tank, 7-1. Electromagnetic Three-Phase Valve of Ecological Treatment Tank, 7-2. Water Distribution Pipe, 7-3. Filter Media, 7-4. Aquatic Plants, 7-5. Overflow Tank, 7-6. Drain Outlet of Ecological Treatment Tank, 8. Aeration Tank, 8-1. Aeration Head, 8-2. Main Outlet, 8-3. Main Drain Outlet, 9. Photovoltaic Panel, 10. Large-Capacity Battery, 11. Monitoring Camera, 12. Inlet Water Quality Monitor, 13. Outlet Water Quality Monitor, 14. Inlet Water Level Sensor, 15. Outlet Water Level Sensor. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The technical solution and effects of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1
[0020] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a system for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution includes a water diversion system, an integrated treatment system, an operation control system, a power system, and a monitoring system. The water diversion system uses a siphon effect to introduce the upper layer of water in the river into the comprehensive treatment system for treatment; The integrated treatment system is equipped with a pretreatment tank 5, an adsorption treatment tank 6, an ecological treatment tank 7, and an oxygenation and aeration tank 8. The water in the water diversion system is purified by flowing through the pretreatment tank 5, the adsorption treatment tank 6, the ecological treatment tank 7, and the oxygenation and aeration tank 8. The power system includes photovoltaic panels 9, a large-capacity storage battery 10, an electric siphon pump 4, a water inlet solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank solenoid three-phase valve 7-1, a pretreatment tank drain solenoid valve, an adsorption treatment tank drain solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank drain solenoid valve, and a main drain solenoid valve. The photovoltaic panels 9 are installed on the top of the adsorption treatment tank 6 and the top of the aeration tank 8. The large-capacity storage battery 10 is installed on the top of the water intake tank 3 to store the electrical energy of the photovoltaic panels in a timely manner, thus ensuring the power supply of the system itself. The monitoring system includes an influent water quality monitor 12, an effluent water quality monitor 13, an influent water level sensor 14, an effluent water level sensor 15, and a monitoring camera 11. The influent water quality sensor 13 is installed in the pretreatment tank 5 to monitor the influent water quality. The effluent water quality sensor 14 is installed on the effluent side of the aeration treatment tank 8 to monitor the effluent water quality. The monitoring camera 11 is installed on the top of the water intake tank to monitor the external operation of the system. The operation and control system is located on the top of the water intake pool 3 and is connected to the control power system and the monitoring system. It is equipped with a wireless network receiving and transmitting system to provide real-time feedback on the system operation status to the management office and to issue timely warnings based on water quality monitoring. This provides information support for system maintenance and repair. At the same time, the management office has remote control authority and can remotely operate the control panel to improve emergency maintenance efficiency and reduce maintenance costs.
[0021] like Figure 1As shown, the water diversion system includes a floating suction head 1, a water diversion pipeline 2, a water diversion pool 3, and an electric siphon pump 4. The floating suction head 1 is connected to the water diversion pool 3 through the water diversion pipeline 2. The electric siphon pump 4 at the bottom of the water diversion pool 3 draws water from the river into the water diversion pipeline 2 and into the water diversion pool 3. After the water is drawn in, the electric siphon pump 4 is turned off. The water is continuously introduced into the integrated treatment system for treatment through the siphon effect.
[0022] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the floating suction head 1 includes a float ring 1-1, an external filter 1-2, an internal filter 1-3, a suction head 1-4, and a telescopic tube 1-5. The center of the float ring 1-1 is fixedly connected to the suction head 1-4, which extends below the water surface. The external filter 1-2 is installed at the lower part of the float ring 1-1, providing initial interception for the floating suction head to prevent larger debris from entering the system. The pore size of the external filter 1-2 is preferably 0.3-0.5 μm. The inlet section of the suction head 1-4 is equipped with an internal filter 1-3, located inside the external filter 1-2. The internal filter 1-3 further filters impurities in the water, and the pore size of the internal filter 1-3 is preferably 0.1-0.2 μm. The outlet section of the suction head 1-4 is fixedly connected to the telescopic tube 1-5, which is fixedly connected to the water inlet pipeline 2.
[0023] Furthermore, the telescopic pipe 1-5 includes a telescopic elbow 1-51 and an intermediate pipe 1-52 located between the telescopic elbows 1-51. The telescopic elbows 1-51 can coordinate with each other to extend and retract, and the pipe angle can be adjusted by the up and down floating of the float ring 1-1.
[0024] Furthermore, the float ring 1-1 is made of high-density polyethylene and is hollow inside, providing buoyancy for the floating water suction head.
[0025] Furthermore, the water supply pipeline 2 is preferably made of aluminum-plastic composite water supply pipe with a certain degree of damage resistance to reduce the risk of damage along the pipeline route.
[0026] Furthermore, the water intake pool 3 is located at the inlet of the integrated treatment system, such as... Figure 4As shown, the water intake pool 3 is equipped with an inlet 3-1, a water supply inlet 3-2, and an electric siphon pump 4. The inlet 3-1 is located at the bottom of the water intake pool 3 and is used to introduce water from the water intake pipeline 2 into the water intake pool 3. The water supply inlet 3-2 is located on the upper side of the water intake pool 3 near the aeration tank 8 and connects the aeration tank 8 and the water intake pool 3. The water supply inlet 3-2 is equipped with a water supply solenoid valve. When the water supply solenoid valve is opened, the treated water in the aeration tank 8 can flow into the water intake pool 3 to provide initial water volume for the electric siphon pump 4, ensuring that the electric siphon pump 4 can smoothly introduce water from the river into the system for treatment. The electric siphon pump 4 is located at the bottom of the water intake pool 3. After the water intake pool 3 is filled with water through the water inlet 3-2, the electric siphon pump 4 is started by electricity to draw water from the river into the water intake pipeline 2 and into the water intake pool 3. After the water intake is completed, the electric siphon pump 4 is turned off. The water is continuously introduced into the integrated treatment system for treatment through the siphon effect.
[0027] The outlet of the integrated treatment system is located below the lowest water level of the river channel and can be arranged according to different terrain conditions. When the terrain around the river channel is higher, a down-drilling method is adopted to ensure that the water in the river channel can be introduced into the system for treatment through siphon action. The integrated treatment system is equipped with a pretreatment tank 5, an adsorption treatment tank 6, an ecological treatment tank 7, and an aeration tank 8. The water in the water intake system is purified by passing through the pretreatment tank 5, adsorption treatment tank 6, ecological treatment tank 7, and aeration tank 8.
[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pretreatment tank 5 is located on one side of the water intake tank 3. After the electric siphon pump 4 is started, water can flow into the pretreatment tank 5 by gravity through the water intake tank outlet 3-3. Figure 4 As shown, the pretreatment tank 5 is equipped with coarse screens 5-1 and fine screens 5-2 sequentially along the water flow direction. These are used to pretreat the water entering the system, ensuring that no large particles enter the subsequent treatment system to avoid clogging and affecting system operation. The pore size of coarse screen 5-1 is 0.05-0.1μm, and the pore size of fine screen 5-2 is 0.03-0.05μm. The pretreatment tank 5 has a pretreatment tank drain outlet 5-3 near the bottom of the aeration tank 8, used to drain the water from the pretreatment tank 5 during maintenance or accidents. An inspection port is provided at the top of the pretreatment tank 5 for easy maintenance or cleaning of sediment.
[0029] The adsorption treatment tank 6 is equipped with an adsorption treatment tank inlet 6-1, an adsorption packing box 6-2, and a bottom permeable pipe 6-3. Water treated in the pretreatment tank 5 flows into the adsorption treatment tank 6 through the inlet 6-1, is treated by the packing material in the adsorption packing box 6-2, and then flows into the ecological treatment tank 7 through the bottom permeable pipe 6-3. Figure 5As shown, the inlet 6-1 of the adsorption treatment tank is located on one side of the adsorption treatment tank 6, near the top, and is used to introduce the water treated in the pretreatment tank 5 into the adsorption treatment tank 6 for adsorption treatment. Several adsorption packing boxes 6-2 are installed inside the adsorption treatment tank 6. The adsorption packing boxes 6-2 are arranged in a uniform and intermittent manner, which can greatly improve the contact efficiency between the flowing water and the adsorption packing, thus improving the adsorption effect. The adsorption packing boxes 6-2 are made of a permeable mesh material (such as fiberglass mesh), and are filled sequentially with modified zeolite 6-4 and iron-based adsorbent 6-5, spaced apart in adjacent adsorption packing boxes 6-2. The modified zeolite is mainly used to adsorb ammonia nitrogen in agricultural non-point source pollution water, and the iron-based adsorbent is mainly used to adsorb phosphate in agricultural non-point source pollution water. The preferred volume ratio of modified zeolite to iron-based adsorbent in the adsorption packing box 6-2 is 1:1. The modified zeolite and iron-based adsorbent are commonly used substances and are publicly available technologies, which will not be described in detail here.
[0030] The bottom permeable pipe 6-3 of the adsorption treatment tank is located at the bottom of the outlet side of the adsorption treatment tank 6. The pipe wall is evenly provided with seepage holes for discharging the water in the adsorption treatment tank into the ecological treatment tank 7.
[0031] The adsorption treatment tank 6 is also equipped with an adsorption treatment tank drain pipe 6-6, which is used to drain the water in the adsorption treatment tank 6 when it is necessary to drain the water.
[0032] The ecological treatment tank 7 is equipped with an ecological treatment tank electromagnetic three-phase valve 7-1, a water distribution pipe 7-2, filter media 7-3, aquatic plants 7-4, an overflow trough 7-5, and an ecological treatment tank drain outlet 7-6. The ecological treatment tank electromagnetic three-phase valve 7-1 is located at the bottom of the ecological treatment tank 7, with its inlet connected to the bottom permeable pipe 6-3 of the adsorption treatment tank, and its outlet connected to both the water distribution pipe 7-2 and the adsorption treatment tank drain outlet 6-6. For routine treatment, the water flows through the water distribution pipe 7-2 at the top of the ecological treatment tank 7, while in case of maintenance or accidents, it flows through the adsorption treatment tank drain outlet 6-6 to drain the water from the adsorption treatment tank 6, facilitating maintenance or replacement of the adsorption media. The water distribution pipe 7-2 extends from the ecological treatment tank electromagnetic three-phase valve 7-1 at the bottom of the ecological treatment tank 7 to the top of the ecological treatment tank 7. Multiple outlets are evenly distributed on the water distribution pipe 7-2 to ensure even water flow into the ecological treatment tank 7, reducing water impact damage to the plant roots. The filter media 7-3 consists of a coarse gravel layer 7-31, a fine gravel layer 7-32, a ceramsite layer 7-33, and a soil layer 7-34, arranged from bottom to top. The use of multiple filter media enhances the ecological treatment effect. The preferred particle sizes for the coarse and fine gravel layers are 10-30 mm and 2-10 mm, respectively. The ceramsite and soil layers are preferably those commonly used in water purification. The aquatic plants 7-4 are planted in the soil layer 7-34. The aquatic plants selected should be adapted to the aquatic environment, pollution-resistant, and have well-developed root systems to enhance the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the water. Suitable aquatic plants include cattails, water hyacinths, and yellow irises, or other locally suitable aquatic plants. The overflow trough 7-5 is arranged in a long strip on the effluent side of the ecological treatment tank 7 to collect the treated water and further discharge it into the aeration tank 8. The drain outlet 7-6 of the ecological treatment pond is located at the bottom of the drainage side of the ecological treatment pond 7 and leads to the aeration tank 8. It is used to discharge the water in the ecological treatment pond 7 during maintenance or accidents.
[0033] Furthermore, the overflow trough 7-5 adopts an inclined mesh design on the outlet side to prevent dead leaves from the plants in the ecological treatment tank 7 from flowing into the aeration tank 8. Dead leaves that may accumulate in the overflow trough 7-5 are removed regularly.
[0034] The aeration tank 8 is equipped with aeration heads 8-1, a main outlet 8-2, a water inlet 3-2, a pretreatment tank drain 5-3, an adsorption treatment tank drain 6-7, an ecological treatment tank drain 7-6, and a main drain 8-3. Each of the following outlets—main outlet 8-2, water inlet 3-2, pretreatment tank drain 5-3, adsorption treatment tank drain 6-7, ecological treatment tank drain 7-6, and main drain 8-3—is equipped with a corresponding solenoid valve: a water inlet solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank three-phase solenoid valve 7-1, a pretreatment tank drain solenoid valve, an adsorption treatment tank drain solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank drain solenoid valve, and a main drain solenoid valve. The aeration heads 8-1 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the aeration tank 8 to oxygenate the water treated in the ecological treatment tank 7, thereby increasing the dissolved oxygen content of the treated water. The main outlet 8-2 is located on the upper side of the aeration tank 8. Water that has passed the water quality test is discharged into the river through the main outlet 8-2. The water inlet 3-2 provides siphon water to the intake tank to ensure the normal operation of the electric siphon. The main drain outlet 8-3 is located at the bottom of the outlet side of the aeration tank 8. When the pretreatment tank 5, adsorption treatment tank 6, ecological treatment tank 7, and pressurized aeration tank 8 need to be emptied, the water in each tank is drained.
[0035] The power system includes photovoltaic panels 9, a large-capacity storage battery 10, an electric siphon pump 4, a water inlet solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank solenoid three-phase valve 7-1, a pretreatment tank drain solenoid valve, an adsorption treatment tank drain solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank drain solenoid valve, and a main drain solenoid valve. The photovoltaic panels 9 are installed on top of the adsorption treatment tank 6 and the aeration tank 8, providing power to the system and preventing external debris from entering these tanks and affecting normal system operation. The large-capacity storage battery 10 is located on top of the water intake tank 3, adjacent to the operation and control system, and can store the energy from the photovoltaic panels in a timely manner, ensuring the system's own power supply.
[0036] The monitoring system includes an influent water quality monitor 12, an effluent water quality monitor 13, an influent water level sensor 14, an effluent water level sensor 15, and a monitoring camera 11. The influent water quality sensor 12 is installed in the pretreatment tank 5 to monitor the influent water quality. The effluent water quality sensor 13 is installed on the effluent side of the aeration treatment tank 8 to monitor the effluent water quality. The water quality sensors monitor dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, etc., to allow for timely adjustment of the influent flow rate to ensure sufficient contact time and adsorption efficiency, or to replace the adsorption packing material to ensure optimal effluent quality. The monitoring camera is installed on the top of the intake tank to monitor the external operation of the system.
[0037] The operation and control system is located on the top of the water intake pool 3 and is connected to the control power system and the monitoring system. It is equipped with a wireless network receiving and transmitting system to provide real-time feedback on the system operation status to the management office and to issue timely warnings based on water quality monitoring. This provides information support for system maintenance and repair. At the same time, the management office has remote control authority and can remotely operate the control panel to improve emergency maintenance efficiency and reduce maintenance costs.
[0038] A method for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution includes the following steps: (1) Start-up phase When the system is started for the first time, the water intake pool is filled with water to ensure that the electric siphon pump has enough water at the start. The electric siphon pump is started through the operation control system, and the upper water in the river is pumped into the water intake pool through the floating suction head and water intake pipeline. After the river water flows to the pretreatment pool, the electric siphon pump stops working. Since the water level of the treatment system is lower than the lowest water level of the river, the river water can be drawn into the treatment system through siphon action, which can greatly reduce the system operating cost. With the help of the telescopic pipe and float ring, the floating suction head automatically adjusts the depth of the water intake according to the real-time water level. The external filter screen fixed under the float ring and the internal filter screen set in the suction head can initially isolate larger debris from entering the system, reducing the processing load of subsequent processes. At the same time, since the floating suction head takes water from the upper layer of the river, it has little impact on the original river habitat and can give full play to the original river's self-purification function. When the water is drawn in a regular manner in the later stage, since there is treated water in the oxygenation tank, the control system can be operated to draw water to the water intake tank by controlling the solenoid valve of the water inlet, which can ensure the water demand when the electric siphon pump is started without adding extra water. (2) Operation phase 1. Pretreatment tank Water entering the intake pool flows by gravity to the pretreatment pool through siphon action. The water passes through the coarse and fine screens in the pretreatment pool to further remove impurities. Since the floating suction head draws water from the upper layer of the river, there are fewer heavy particles and relatively less sediment in the pretreatment pool. The sedimented impurities can be cleaned up during regular maintenance. 2. Adsorption treatment tank The pretreated water flows by gravity into the adsorption treatment tank through the inlet. The adsorption treatment tank is equipped with adsorption packing boxes arranged at intervals. The interval arrangement can greatly improve the contact efficiency between the flowing water and the adsorption packing, thereby improving the adsorption effect. The adsorption packing box is made of a mesh material with good water permeability. The interior is filled with modified zeolite and iron-based adsorbent in sequence, and they are placed in adjacent adsorption packing boxes in an intermittent manner. The modified zeolite is used to adsorb ammonia nitrogen in the water body, and the iron-based adsorbent is used to adsorb phosphate in the water body. After passing through the adsorption packing box, the water is discharged into the ecological treatment pond through the permeable pipe at the bottom of the adsorption treatment pond under water pressure. 3. Ecological treatment pond Water is led to the water distribution pipe at the top of the ecological treatment tank through a three-phase solenoid valve at the bottom of the tank. The water distribution pipe has multiple outlets evenly distributed to the ecological treatment tank. The bottom of the ecological treatment tank is filled with filter media, and from bottom to top, layers of coarse gravel, fine gravel, ceramsite, and soil are added. Aquatic plants are planted on the top. The water is further purified by the filter media and aquatic plants in the ecological treatment tank. The selection of aquatic plants should be based on those that are adapted to the aquatic environment, tolerant of pollution, and have well-developed root systems to enhance the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the water. Cattail, water hyacinth, yellow iris, or other locally suitable aquatic plants can be used. After ecological purification along the water flow direction, the water is collected into the long overflow channel of the ecological treatment pond through the overflow effect and then flows into the oxygenation and aeration tank. The outlet side of the overflow channel adopts a sloping mesh to prevent dead branches and leaves of plants in the ecological treatment pond from flowing into the oxygenation and aeration tank. 4. Aeration tank After the water flows into the oxygenation and aeration tank, the dissolved oxygen content of the ecologically treated water is further increased by the aeration effect of the aeration heads, thereby improving the quality of the effluent. After purification, the water can be introduced into the downstream of the original river intake through the water body's gravity flow. The polluted water is then purified and returned to the original river, improving the water quality in the river without reducing the river's water volume, thus achieving the water environment management effect of agricultural non-point source pollution. 5. Power System The power system includes photovoltaic panels, large-capacity storage batteries, electric siphon pumps, water supply pipe solenoid valves, electromagnetic three-phase valves, pretreatment tank drain solenoid valves, adsorption treatment tank drain solenoid valves, ecological treatment tank drain solenoid valves, and main drain solenoid valves. Photovoltaic panels are installed at the top of the adsorption treatment tank and the aeration tank. This serves two purposes: firstly, to provide power to the system, and secondly, to prevent external debris from entering the adsorption treatment tank and the aeration tank and affecting the operation of the treatment system. A large-capacity battery is installed at the top of the water intake pool, close to the operation and control system. It can store the electricity from the photovoltaic panels in a timely manner, ensuring the power supply of the system itself and reducing operating costs. 6. The monitoring system includes an influent water quality monitor, an effluent water quality monitor, an influent water level sensor, an effluent water level sensor, and a monitoring camera; The influent water quality sensor is installed in the pretreatment tank to monitor the influent water quality; the effluent water quality sensor is installed on the effluent side of the aeration treatment tank to monitor the effluent water quality. The water quality sensor monitors items including dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, so as to adjust the influent flow rate in a timely manner to ensure sufficient contact time and adsorption efficiency or replace the adsorption packing to ensure the effluent effect. Surveillance cameras are installed on the top of the water intake tank to monitor the external operation of the system; 7. Operation and control system The operation and control system is located at the top of the water intake pool and is connected to the control power system and the monitoring system. It is equipped with a wireless network receiving and transmitting system to provide real-time feedback on the system operation status to the management office and to issue timely warnings based on water quality monitoring. This provides information support for system maintenance and repair. At the same time, the maintenance management office has remote control authority and can remotely control the operation control panel to improve maintenance efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. The operation and control system can adjust the water volume entering the system based on the real-time monitoring results of the influent and effluent water quality. When the effluent water quality deteriorates, the influent water volume can be appropriately reduced or the hydraulic retention time can be increased to ensure that the water quality meets the discharge standards. (3) Maintenance phase 1. Regularly clean up river debris accumulated near the floating suction head, as well as debris and sediment intercepted in the pretreatment tank, to prevent sediment buildup from affecting the normal operation of the system; 2. Regularly check the influent and effluent water quality. After prolonged use, the adsorption packing will reach adsorption saturation. When the effluent water quality deteriorates, the maintenance personnel should replace the packing. 3. Regularly check the health of the plants in the ecological treatment pond. The ecological treatment pond provides sufficient time and space by controlling the flow rate and residence time of the water, allowing the plant roots to fully contact the pollutants in the water and increasing the water purification efficiency. The plants in the ecological treatment pond should be pruned and managed regularly to maintain the vitality and adsorption capacity of the roots. The water flow in the overflow trough should also be kept unobstructed, and dead branches and leaves that may accumulate in the trough should be removed regularly. 4. When an accident occurs in any of the processing units in the integrated treatment system or during scheduled maintenance, the solenoid valves of the pretreatment tank drain outlet, adsorption treatment tank drain outlet, ecological treatment tank drain outlet, and main drain outlet can be started or closed through the operation control system to perform maintenance and repair on the system and keep it in normal operating condition.
[0039] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A system for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution, characterized in that, The system includes a water diversion system, an integrated treatment system, an operation control system, a power system, and a monitoring and control system. The water diversion system uses a siphon effect to introduce the upper layer of water in the river into the comprehensive treatment system for treatment; The integrated treatment system is equipped with a pretreatment tank, an adsorption treatment tank, an ecological treatment tank, and an oxygenation and aeration tank. The water in the water intake system is purified by flowing through the pretreatment tank, adsorption treatment tank, ecological treatment tank, and oxygenation and aeration tank. The power system includes photovoltaic panels, a large-capacity storage battery, an electric siphon pump, a water inlet solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank solenoid three-phase valve, a pretreatment tank drain solenoid valve, an adsorption treatment tank drain solenoid valve, an ecological treatment tank drain solenoid valve, and a main drain solenoid valve. The photovoltaic panels are installed at the top of the adsorption treatment tank and the aeration tank, and the large-capacity storage battery is installed at the top of the water intake tank to store the electrical energy of the photovoltaic panels in a timely manner, thus ensuring the power supply of the system itself. The monitoring system includes an influent water quality monitor, an effluent water quality monitor, an influent water level sensor, an effluent water level sensor, and a monitoring camera. The influent water quality monitor is installed in the pretreatment tank to monitor the influent water quality. The effluent water quality monitor is installed on the effluent side of the aeration tank to monitor the effluent water quality. The monitoring camera is installed on the top of the intake tank to monitor the external operation of the system. The operation and control system is located at the top of the water intake pool and is connected to the control power system and the monitoring system. It is equipped with a wireless network receiving and transmitting system to provide real-time feedback on the system operation status to the management office and to issue timely warnings based on water quality monitoring. This provides information support for system maintenance and repair. At the same time, the maintenance management office has remote control authority and can remotely operate the control panel to improve emergency maintenance efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. The water intake system includes a floating suction head, a water intake pipeline, a water intake pool, and an electric siphon pump. The floating suction head is connected to the water intake pool through the water intake pipeline. The electric siphon pump at the bottom of the water intake pool draws water from the river into the water intake pipeline and into the water intake pool. After the water intake is completed, the electric siphon pump is turned off. The water is continuously introduced into the integrated treatment system for treatment through the siphon effect. The floating suction head includes a float ring, an external filter screen, an internal filter screen, a suction head, and a telescopic tube. The center of the float ring is fixedly connected to the suction head, and the suction head extends below the water surface. An external filter screen is provided at the lower part of the float ring, and an internal filter screen is provided at the inlet section of the suction head, located inside the external filter screen. The outlet section of the suction head is fixedly connected to the telescopic tube, and the telescopic tube is fixedly connected to the water supply pipeline. The water intake pool is equipped with an inlet, a water supply inlet, and an electric siphon pump. The inlet is located at the bottom of the water intake pool and is used to introduce water from the water supply pipeline into the water intake pool. The water supply inlet is located on the upper side of the water intake pool near the aeration tank and connects the aeration tank and the water intake pool. The water supply inlet is equipped with a water supply solenoid valve. When the water supply solenoid valve is opened, the treated water in the aeration tank flows into the water intake pool, providing initial water volume for the electric siphon pump and ensuring that the electric siphon pump can smoothly introduce water from the river into the system for treatment.
2. The system for agricultural non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment tank is located on one side of the water intake tank. After the electric siphon pump is started, water flows into the pretreatment tank by gravity through the outlet of the water intake tank. The pretreatment tank is equipped with coarse screens and fine screens in sequence along the water flow direction for pretreatment of the water entering the system.
3. The system for agricultural non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption treatment tank is equipped with an adsorption treatment tank inlet, an adsorption packing box, and a bottom permeable pipe. Water treated in the pretreatment tank flows into the adsorption treatment tank through the adsorption treatment tank inlet, is treated by the packing in the adsorption packing box, and then flows into the ecological treatment tank through the bottom permeable pipe.
4. The system for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological treatment tank is equipped with an ecological treatment tank electromagnetic three-phase valve, water distribution pipe, filter media, aquatic plants, an overflow trough, and an ecological treatment tank drain outlet. The ecological treatment tank electromagnetic three-phase valve is located at the bottom of the ecological treatment tank, with its inlet connected to the permeable pipe at the bottom of the adsorption treatment tank, and its outlet connected to both the ecological treatment tank water distribution pipe and the adsorption treatment tank drain pipe. The water distribution pipe extends from the ecological treatment tank electromagnetic three-phase valve at the bottom of the ecological treatment tank to the top of the ecological treatment tank, and has multiple evenly spaced outlets to distribute water evenly into the ecological treatment tank. The overflow trough is elongated and located on the outlet side of the ecological treatment tank to collect the treated water and further discharge it into the aeration tank. The ecological treatment tank drain outlet is located at the bottom of the drainage side of the ecological treatment tank and leads to the aeration tank.
5. The system for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration tank is equipped with aeration heads, a main outlet, a water inlet, a pretreatment tank drain outlet, an adsorption treatment tank drain outlet, an ecological treatment tank drain outlet, and a main drain outlet. The aeration heads are evenly distributed at the bottom of the aeration tank to oxygenate the water after treatment in the ecological treatment tank and increase the dissolved oxygen content of the treated water. The main outlet is located on the upper side of the aeration tank, and water that has passed the water quality test is discharged into the river through the main outlet. The main drain outlet is located at the bottom of the outlet side of the aeration tank.
6. A method for treating agricultural non-point source pollution using the system described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Start-up phase When the system is first started, the water intake pool is filled with water to ensure that the electric siphon pump has enough water to start. The electric siphon pump is started through the operation control system, and the water from the upper layer of the river is pumped into the water intake pool through the floating suction head and the water intake pipeline. After the river water flows to the pretreatment tank, the electric siphon pump stops working. When starting the system for regular water intake in the later stages, since there is already treated water in the aeration tank, the operation control system controls the solenoid valve of the water inlet to draw water into the water intake pool to ensure the water required for the electric siphon pump to start, without the need to add water. (2) Operation phase S1, Preprocessing The water entering the intake pool flows by gravity to the pretreatment pool through siphon action. The water then passes through the coarse and fine screens in the pretreatment pool to further remove impurities. S2, Adsorption treatment The pretreated water flows by gravity into the adsorption treatment tank through the inlet. The adsorption treatment tank is equipped with adsorption packing boxes arranged at intervals. After passing through the adsorption packing boxes, the water is discharged into the ecological treatment tank through the permeable pipe at the bottom of the adsorption treatment tank under water pressure. S3, Ecological Treatment Water is led to a distribution pipe at the top of the ecological treatment tank through a three-phase solenoid valve at the bottom of the tank. The distribution pipe has multiple outlets evenly distributed to the ecological treatment tank. The bottom of the ecological treatment tank is filled with filter media, followed by layers of coarse gravel, fine gravel, ceramsite, and soil from bottom to top. Aquatic plants are planted on top. The water is further purified by the filter media and aquatic plants in the ecological treatment tank. After ecological purification, the water flows along the direction of water flow and is collected in the long overflow channel of the ecological treatment tank before flowing into the aeration tank. S4, Aeration After the water flows into the oxygenation and aeration tank, the dissolved oxygen content of the ecologically treated water is further increased by the aeration effect of the aeration heads, thereby improving the quality of the effluent. (3) Maintenance phase S1. Regularly clean up the river debris accumulated near the floating suction head, as well as the debris and sediment intercepted in the pretreatment tank, to prevent the accumulation of sediment from affecting the normal operation of the system; S2. Regularly check the inlet and outlet water quality. After long-term use, the adsorption packing will reach adsorption saturation. When the outlet water quality is found to be deteriorating, the maintenance personnel should replace the packing. S3. Regularly check the health status of plants in the ecological treatment pond. The ecological treatment pond provides sufficient time and space by controlling the flow rate and residence time of the water to allow the plant roots to fully contact the pollutants in the water, thereby increasing the water purification efficiency. The plants in the ecological treatment pond should be pruned and managed regularly to maintain the vitality and adsorption capacity of the roots. The water flow in the overflow trough should also be kept unobstructed, and the dead branches and leaves of the plants accumulated in the trough should be removed regularly. S4. When an accident occurs in any of the processing units in the integrated treatment system or during scheduled maintenance, the solenoid valves of the pretreatment tank drain outlet, adsorption treatment tank drain outlet, ecological treatment tank drain outlet, and main drain outlet are started or closed through the operation control system to perform maintenance and repair on the system and keep it in normal operation.