A seed and fertilizer staggered system and a seed and fertilizer staggered seeding method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fertilizer staggered seeding system and its seed fertilizer staggered seeding method, including walking mechanism, its bottom is provided with front furrow opener, the rear of the front furrow opener is equipped with fertilizer pipe;The walking mechanism in the process of advancing, front furrow opener can break open soil body on path and form deep furrow, and make fertilizer fall in deep furrow bottom and form fertilizer layer, and shallow soil layer is formed above the fertilizer layer;The rear side of the front furrow opener is provided with rear furrow opener, and the rear of the rear furrow opener is equipped with seed tube;The walking mechanism in the process of advancing, the rear furrow opener can break open shallow soil layer and form shallow furrow, and make seed fall in the shallow furrow;The rear side of the rear furrow opener is provided with covering mechanism, and the thickness of the covering layer formed above the seed can be controlled.The application can avoid the problem of seed germination in each stage of fertilizer damage, and can appropriately increase the amount of fertilization, and effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, thereby improving the emergence rate and the final crop yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system and a method for seed-fertilizer staggered sowing. Background Technology

[0002] Traditionally, base fertilizer is applied before sowing to improve soil quality, and topdressing is applied during crop growth. This ensures even fertilization and reduces the chance of fertilizer damage, but it is a long process, labor-intensive, and has a low fertilizer utilization rate.

[0003] After the advent of integrated seeders, the technology of sowing seeds and fertilizers simultaneously has been widely used, which can save labor time and labor and reduce labor investment costs. However, since most integrated seeders adopt the method of sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time after furrowing, although the fertilizer utilization rate is improved due to concentrated fertilization, the probability of fertilizer damage is also significantly increased. In order to reduce the probability of fertilizer damage, the amount of fertilizer applied is reduced, which can easily lead to nutrient deficiency in the later stage of growth, affecting the final crop yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system and a seed-fertilizer staggered sowing method, which can avoid fertilizer damage at various stages of seed germination, appropriately increase the amount of fertilizer applied, and effectively improve the fertilizer utilization rate, thereby increasing the seedling emergence rate and the final crop yield.

[0005] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system and its method, comprising a walking mechanism with a front furrow opener at its bottom and a fertilizer discharge pipe installed at the rear of the front furrow opener, the fertilizer discharge pipe being connected to the discharge port of the fertilization mechanism; during the forward movement of the walking mechanism, the front furrow opener can break the soil along the path to form a deep furrow, the fertilizer discharge pipe causing fertilizer to fall to the bottom of the deep furrow to form a fertilizer layer, and the gravity-induced soil falling after the front furrow opener sweeps over can form a shallow soil layer above the fertilizer layer;

[0006] A rear furrow opener is provided on the rear side of the front furrow opener, and a seed metering pipe is installed at the rear of the rear furrow opener. The seed metering pipe is connected to the discharge port of the sowing mechanism. The rear furrow opener is set higher than the front furrow opener. When the walking mechanism moves forward, the rear furrow opener can break through the shallow soil layer to form a shallow furrow, and the seeds fall into the shallow furrow.

[0007] The rear side of the furrow opener is equipped with a soil covering mechanism, which can form a soil covering layer of controllable thickness above the seeds.

[0008] Furthermore, the front trencher includes a hoe at the front end, the blade of which is longitudinally arranged, and two soil dividing plates are fixedly installed at the rear of the hoe. The two soil dividing plates are set to open to the rear, which can push the two soil bodies cut by the hoe to the sides respectively to form the deep trench extending along the cutting line.

[0009] Furthermore, the fertilizer discharge pipe is fixed between the two soil dividing plates, so that the discharged fertilizer falls into the bottom of the deep ditch before gravity.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil dividing plate is provided with a scraping groove. As the soil is pushed to both sides, it slides away from the hoe along the front side of the soil dividing plate. When the soil slides past the scraping groove, it can scrape off the relatively loose and fine soil on the surface of the soil and fall through the scraping groove to the rear side of the soil dividing plate. The fine soil scraped off from both sides mixes with the falling fertilizer to form the fertilizer layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the rear trencher is a hoe-shovel structure with a pointed front and a wide rear. Its tip can be inserted laterally into the middle layer of the shallow soil layer. The middle part of its upper surface is raised and rises from front to back, and the two shovel surfaces on both sides are inclined downward.

[0012] Furthermore, the rear trencher is connected to the power system via a transmission mechanism, enabling the rear trencher to reciprocate up and down. When it is raised, the tip of the rear trencher can swing to an inclined downward position. When it is lowered, it can first insert its tip into the fertilizer layer in an inclined state, and then gradually swing the tip to a horizontal state to form a shallow trench in the shallow soil layer and pick up a portion of the mud-fertilizer mixture from the fertilizer layer into the shallow trench.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a transmission gear that rotates synchronously with the seeding disc, and a driven gear that meshes with the transmission gear. The eccentric part of the driven gear is rotatably connected to one end of the rocker arm, and the other end of the rocker arm is rotatably connected to the lifting slide rod. The bottom of the lifting slide rod is hinged to the rear furrow opener via a torsion spring. The lifting slide rod and the sliding sleeve slide longitudinally. The sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to the rear side of the front furrow opener via a crossbeam. The upper end face of the rear furrow opener is hinged to the lower end of the telescopic rod, and the upper end of the telescopic rod is hinged to the crossbeam.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil covering mechanism includes a scraper, the upper part of which is hinged to the seed metering pipe, and the lower part of which is placed on the shallow soil layer under the action of gravity; the two sides of the scraper are bent forward, so that when the scraper moves along the shallow trench trajectory, it can scrape the soil on both sides, i.e. the rear side, to fill the shallow trench with seeds; a vibrator is fixedly installed at the front end of the scraper.

[0015] Furthermore, two relatively rotating discs are provided on the rear side of the scraper. Several baffles are evenly distributed on the outer circular surface of the discs. During the relative rotation of the two discs, the baffles can sweep across the soil on both sides of the deep trench and move the soil on both sides towards the middle to cover the filled shallow trench. The baffles can be adjusted at their angle to the outer circular surface to adjust the thickness of the soil covering. The rear wheels of the walking mechanism are aligned with the soil covering mechanism.

[0016] Furthermore, it includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Use a front furrow opener to dig deep trenches, and apply fertilizer at the bottom of the trenches according to pre-set fertilization parameters to form a fertilizer layer. After the front furrow opener sweeps over the trenches, some soil on both sides of the deep trenches falls under the influence of gravity and covers the fertilizer layer, forming a shallow soil layer. During the fertilization process, loose fine soil is scraped off from the sides of the trenches and mixed with fertilizer particles to form a mud-fertilizer mixture, so that the fertilizer layer is composed of the mud-fertilizer mixture.

[0018] Step II: Use the rear furrow opener to break open the shallow soil layer to form a shallow furrow, and sow seeds at the bottom of the shallow furrow according to the preset sowing parameters, so that the seeds fall into the shallow soil layer above the fertilizer layer; wherein, during the process of the rear furrow opener breaking open the shallow soil layer, its tip first passes through the shallow soil layer at an angle and partially inserts into the fertilizer layer, and then controls its tip to swing upward so that its tip can sweep across the upper part of the fertilizer layer and pick up a small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture into the shallow furrow, thereby making the seeds that fall into the shallow furrow evenly spread in the small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture picked up.

[0019] Step III: Use a scraper to sweep across the shallow trench. In front of the scraper, a small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture will partially cover the seeds and form a flat, thin layer of soil on the surface as the bottom layer of the soil cover. When the scraper sweeps over the seeds, it can vibrate and strike the surface of the thin soil, forming a vibration wave that is transmitted downwards along the soil layer. This allows the fine soil in the mud-fertilizer mixture to fill the gaps between the seeds and fertilizer particles under the vibration.

[0020] Step IV: The surface layer of the cover soil is formed by rotating two discs relative to each other. The angle of the upper plate is adjusted according to the soil moisture to control the thickness of the surface layer of the cover soil.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system and its method of the present invention avoid the problem of seedling burn caused by direct contact between seeds and fertilizer by spreading fertilizer and seeds in soil layers at different depths. Moreover, when fertilizer is spread in deeper soil layers, the roots of the seeds can extend downwards and insert into the fertilizer layer after germination and rooting, thus absorbing nutrients from the fertilizer more quickly and fully.

[0022] By first applying fertilizer to form a fertilizer layer, and then during the sowing process, picking up a small amount of fertilizer from the fertilizer layer to contact the seeds, the seeds can be prevented from failing to germinate normally due to insufficient fertilizer during the germination stage.

[0023] By mixing a small amount of loose, fine soil into the fertilizer during the fertilization stage, the small amount of fertilizer that is subsequently picked up and comes into contact with the seeds does not directly contact them. The fine soil fills the gaps between the seeds and the fertilizer, creating a better, relatively sealed germination space. The seeds can simultaneously absorb nutrients from both the fertilizer and the soil, which helps them germinate. In addition, the roots that extend into the fertilizer layer after germination will not come into direct contact with a large amount of fertilizer, thus avoiding root burn. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the front trencher of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure at point 6 in the attached diagram;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the soil structure after fertilization and sowing according to one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] As attached Figure 1-4 The seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system and its method include a walking mechanism 1 with a front furrow opener 2 at its bottom. A fertilizer discharge pipe 21 is installed at the rear of the front furrow opener 2 and is connected to the discharge port of the fertilization mechanism 4. As the walking mechanism 1 moves forward, the front furrow opener 2 can break the soil along the path to form a deep furrow. The fertilizer discharge pipe 21 causes fertilizer to fall to the bottom of the deep furrow to form a fertilizer layer 10. The gravity-induced soil falling after the front furrow opener 2 sweeps can form a fertilizer layer 20 above the fertilizer layer 10.

[0030] A rear furrow opener 3 is provided on the rear side of the front furrow opener 2. A seed dispensing pipe 31 is installed at the rear of the rear furrow opener 3. The seed dispensing pipe 31 is connected to the discharge port of the sowing mechanism 5. The rear furrow opener 3 is set higher than the front furrow opener 2. When the walking mechanism 1 moves forward, the rear furrow opener 3 can break the fertilizer layer 20 to form a shallow furrow, and allow the seeds to fall into the shallow furrow.

[0031] The rear furrow opener 3 is provided with a soil covering mechanism, which can form a soil covering layer 30 with controllable thickness above the seeds.

[0032] This method involves first digging deep trenches for fertilization, ensuring the fertilizer is spread in deeper soil layers. Due to the greater depth and steeper slope of the trench walls, the excavated soil is more likely to fall to the bottom of the trench under gravity. This small amount of fallen soil covers the spread fertilizer, forming a fertilizer layer 20. The fertilizer layer 20 acts as a barrier, ensuring that the seed sowing depth is significantly shallower than the fertilization depth, thus preventing direct contact between the seeds and the applied fertilizer. This avoids burning the seedlings during germination and prevents a decrease in germination rate. However, due to the irregularity of the soil falling, the thickness of the fertilizer layer 20 varies. If seeds are sown directly on the fertilizer layer 20, the height difference between the seeds and the fertilizer layer 10 will be inconsistent, resulting in different levels of nutrient absorption by different types of seeds. By sowing seeds in shallow furrows within the fertilizer layer 20, the depth of the furrows is kept relatively consistent, ensuring that the seeds maintain a uniform height difference with the fertilizer layer 10. This allows the seeds to absorb fertilizer more evenly after germination and root development, improving fertilizer utilization and maximizing the final crop yield.

[0033] The front furrow opener 2 includes a hoe blade 22 at the front end. The blade 22 has a longitudinally arranged cutting edge and a pointed bottom, making it easier to penetrate deep into the soil. The blade-like structure also reduces resistance, making it easier to break through deeper soil. Two soil-dividing plates 23 are fixedly installed at the rear of the hoe blade 22. These plates open rearward, squeezing and pushing the two sections of soil cut by the hoe blade 22 to both sides to form a deep furrow extending along the cutting line. By controlling the spacing between the opening ends of the two soil-dividing plates, the width of the furrow can be controlled. The furrow width can be controlled by a preset fertilizer application rate. Increasing the fertilizer application rate appropriately increases the furrow width, ensuring the overall thickness of the fertilizer layer 10 remains within a certain range. This prevents compression of the sowing space above and ensures a certain sowing depth. Furthermore, it avoids the crop roots and stems not being able to reach the deepest part of the fertilizer layer 10 due to an excessively deep fertilizer layer 10, thus preventing inefficient use of fertilizer nutrients.

[0034] The fertilizer discharge pipe 21 is fixed between the two soil dividing plates 23, and is set close to the included angle, so that the discharged fertilizer falls into the bottom of the deep ditch before gravity. This forms an upper and lower layer structure of fertilizer layer 20 and fertilizer layer 10.

[0035] The soil dividing plate 23 is provided with a scraping groove 231. As the soil is pushed to both sides, it slides away from the hoe 22 along the front side of the soil dividing plate 23. When the soil slides past the scraping groove 231, it can scrape off the relatively loose and fine soil on the surface of the soil and fall through the scraping groove 231 to the rear side of the soil dividing plate 23. The fine soil scraped off from both sides mixes with the falling fertilizer to form the fertilizer layer 10. Since the particles of fine soil and fertilizer are relatively dispersed in the air during the falling process, as the soil moves at a constant speed, both fine soil and fertilizer are evenly spread at the bottom of the deep trench. Because the spreading is simultaneous and continuous and the landing point is consistent, the fine soil can form a relatively uniform mixture of mud and fertilizer particles with the fertilizer. This prevents the roots of the seeds that grow into the fertilizer layer 10 after germination from directly contacting a large amount of fertilizer, thus avoiding root burn. The edge of the scraper groove 231 is provided with a toothed comb structure, which can further loosen the surface soil when scraping over the trench wall, so that finer soil particles can pass through the scraper groove, while larger soil particles are more likely to fall under the action of gravity after the front trencher passes through, forming a shallow soil layer.

[0036] The rear furrow opener 3 is a hoe-like structure with a pointed front and a wide rear. Its tip can be inserted laterally into the middle layer of the fertilizer layer 20. The middle of its upper surface is raised and rises from front to back, while the two shovel surfaces on both sides are inclined downwards. The seed metering tube is fixed to the rear end of the raised middle section. Its tip can effectively break through the soil layer. The inclination angle of the two shovel surfaces is small, so the soil being shoveled will slide to both sides, but the sliding range is small. When the shovel body slides over, some soil will fall from the rear end of the shovel surface, thus just covering the seeds and forming the initial soil covering after sowing.

[0037] The rear furrow opener 3 is connected to the power system through the transmission mechanism 6, enabling the rear furrow opener 3 to reciprocate up and down. When it is raised, the tip of the rear furrow opener 3 can swing to tilt downwards. When it is lowered, it can first insert its tip into the fertilizer layer 10 in an inclined state, and then gradually swing the tip to a horizontal state to form a shallow furrow in the fertilizer layer 20 and pick up a portion of the mud-fertilizer mixture from the fertilizer layer 10 into the shallow furrow. This design allows the furrow opener to perform more than just a horizontal sliding furrowing action. Instead, each time seeds are sown, a lifting motion is used to scoop up a portion of the fertilizer from the lower fertilizer layer 10 and bury it at the same height as the seeds. This ensures the seeds have sufficient nutrients for germination, thus guaranteeing a high germination rate. Compared to applying fertilizer twice, the total amount of fertilizer applied in a single application is easier to control. Furthermore, the fertilizer scooped from fertilizer layer 10 is a mixture of soil and fertilizer, meaning that even though this fertilizer is close to the seeds, it is not in direct contact. The fine soil in the mixture effectively fills the gaps between the seeds and fertilizer, resulting in a more dispersed and even distribution of fertilizer relative to the seeds. This creates a relatively enclosed space suitable for seed germination without burning the seedlings. The seeds can absorb not only the fertility of the fertilizer but also water and nutrients from the soil, further contributing to a higher germination rate.

[0038] Example: The transmission mechanism 6 includes a transmission gear 61 that rotates synchronously with the seeding disc, and a driven gear 62 that meshes with the transmission gear 61. The eccentric part of the driven gear 62 is rotatably connected to one end of the rocker arm 63, and the other end of the rocker arm 63 is rotatably connected to the lifting slide rod 64. The bottom of the lifting slide rod 64 is hinged to the rear furrow opener 3 by a torsion spring. The lifting slide rod 64 is longitudinally slidingly engaged with the sliding sleeve 65. The sliding sleeve 65 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the front furrow opener 2 by a crossbeam. The upper end face of the rear furrow opener 3 is hinged to the lower end of the telescopic rod 66, and the upper end of the telescopic rod 66 is hinged to the crossbeam. Most common sowing mechanisms consist of a seeding disc, and the sowing disc in this solution also refers to this type of structure. The specific dimensions are selected according to the preset sowing parameters. The transmission gear 61 rotates synchronously with the sowing disc. The number of teeth on the driven gear can be calculated proportionally based on the specifications of the sowing disc. For example, if one rotation of the sowing disc completes three equal sowing operations, then to ensure that the furrow opener completes one furrowing and fertilizer-lifting action each time sowing, the tooth ratio of the transmission gear to the driven gear should be 3:1. This ensures that for every one rotation of the transmission gear, the driven gear rotates exactly three times, and for every rotation of the driven gear, the furrow opener completes one furrowing and fertilizer-lifting action. The torsion spring, when not subjected to external force, maintains the downward tilt of the tip of the furrow opener. The telescopic rod is a lubricated, low-resistance telescopic component.

[0039] The specific action is analyzed as follows: At the critical position of alternating sowing, the rotation connection point between the driven gear and the rocker arm is at its highest point as the gear rotates, and then begins to move downwards. In turn, the rocker arm pushes the lifting slide rod downwards. Since the resistance of the extension rod is smaller than the force of the torsion spring, the extension rod is stretched first as the rear furrow opener 3 descends. This makes the rear furrow opener 3 always move downwards with its tip tilted downwards. During this process, the tip of the rear furrow opener 3 is inserted into the upper part of the fertilizer layer 10. Since the extension rod has a stretching limit, when it can no longer stretch, the tip is inserted to the preset depth. Then the lifting slide rod continues to move downwards. At this time, the rear furrow opener 3 uses the hinge axis with the extension rod as the pivot point. The lifting slide rod pushes its rear end to swing downwards against the torsion spring torque, thereby making its tip swing upwards. When the upper end of the rocker arm moves to the lowest point, the upward lifting action is completed. Subsequently, the rocker arm moves upward as its upper end moves, which in turn pulls the lifting slide bar upward. As the upper end of the rocker arm returns to its highest point, the retraction of the telescopic rod and the downward swing of the tip of the rear trencher 3 occur simultaneously, so that the rear trencher 3 as a whole forms a backward and upward swinging motion, which can avoid the soil in front and below interfering with its action.

[0040] The soil covering mechanism includes a scraper 7, the upper part of which is hinged to the seed metering pipe 31, and the lower part of which is placed on the fertilizer layer 20 under the action of gravity; the two sides of the scraper 7 are bent forward, so that when the scraper 7 moves along the shallow trench trajectory, it can scrape the soil on both sides, i.e. the rear side, to fill the shallow trench with seeds; a vibrator is fixedly installed at the front end of the scraper 7. The small amount of fertilizer lifted up falls mainly at the bottom and sides of the shallow trench, while the sown seeds fall on a small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture at the bottom of the trench. After the scraper passes over the seeds, the mud-fertilizer mixture on both sides is first scraped off and covers the seeds, so that the small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture lifted up wraps the seeds. Then, some soil from the back side is scraped to cover the surface, forming a thin layer of soil. Since the thin layer of soil mainly comes from the fertilizer layer 20 before sowing, the soil particles are relatively large. When the scraper sweeps over the seeds, the vibration generated by the vibrator will not cause the thin layer of soil to penetrate and merge significantly with the mud-fertilizer mixture below. This protects the soil structure of the soil layer below that is wrapped by the mud-fertilizer mixture and transmits the vibration force to the fertilizer soil layer that wraps the seeds, allowing some of the fine soil particles in the mud-fertilizer mixture to better fill the gaps between the seeds and fertilizer.

[0041] Two relatively rotating discs 8 are provided on the rear side of the scraper 7. Several paddles 81 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the discs. During the relative rotation of the two discs 8, the paddles 81 can sweep across the soil on both sides of the deep trench and paddle the soil on both sides towards the middle to cover the filled shallow trench. The angle of the paddle with the outer surface can be adjusted to control the amount of soil paddled when sweeping, and the thickness of the soil covering can be adjusted. The rear wheel of the walking mechanism 1 is aligned with the soil covering mechanism. After the surface soil covering is completed on the front side, the rear wheel rolls along the track to further compact the soil covering position. The walking mechanism is equipped with large-sized rubber wheels to prevent the soil layer from being compacted too tightly.

[0042] The fertilization and sowing method of the above-mentioned staggered fertilization and sowing device specifically includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Use the front furrow opener 2 to dig deep trenches, and apply fertilizer at the bottom of the trenches according to the pre-set fertilization parameters to form a fertilizer layer 10. After the front furrow opener 2 sweeps, some soil on both sides of the deep trenches falls and covers the fertilizer layer 10 under the action of gravity, forming a fertilizer layer 20. During the fertilization process, loose fine soil is scraped off from the sides of the trench and mixed with fertilizer particles to form a mud-fertilizer mixture, so that the fertilizer layer 10 is composed of the mud-fertilizer mixture.

[0044] Step II: Using the rear furrow opener 3, the fertilizer layer 20 is broken to form a shallow furrow, and seeds are sown at the bottom of the shallow furrow according to the preset sowing parameters, so that the seeds fall into the fertilizer layer 20 above the fertilizer layer 10; wherein, during the process of the rear furrow opener 3 breaking the fertilizer layer 20, its tip first passes obliquely through the fertilizer layer 20 and partially inserts into the fertilizer layer 10, and then controls its tip to swing upward so that its tip can sweep across the upper part of the fertilizer layer 10 and pick up a small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture into the shallow furrow, thereby making the seeds that fall into the shallow furrow evenly spread in the small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture picked up;

[0045] Step III: Using scraper 7 to sweep across the shallow trench, a small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture is partially covered by the seeds in front of scraper 7, and a flat thin layer of soil is formed on the surface as the bottom layer of the soil covering layer 30. When scraper 7 sweeps over the seeds, it can vibrate and strike the surface of the thin soil to form a vibration wave that is transmitted downward along the soil layer, so that the fine soil in the mud-fertilizer mixture is filled into the gap between the seeds and fertilizer particles under the action of vibration.

[0046] Step IV: The two discs 8 rotate relative to each other to form the surface layer of the covering layer 30. The angle of the upper plate 81 is adjusted according to the soil moisture to control the thickness of the surface layer of the covering layer 30. When the soil moisture is high, the thickness of the covering layer 30 is reduced so that the covering layer 30 has better air permeability, avoids the seeds from being suffocated, and makes it easier for the seeds to break through the soil after germination, thereby improving the germination rate.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the above principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system, characterized in that: The system includes a walking mechanism (1), with a front trencher (2) at its bottom. A fertilizer discharge pipe (21) is installed at the rear of the front trencher (2), and the fertilizer discharge pipe (21) is connected to the discharge port of the fertilization mechanism (4). During the forward movement of the walking mechanism (1), the front trencher (2) can break the soil along the path to form a deep trench. The fertilizer discharge pipe (21) causes the fertilizer to fall at the bottom of the deep trench to form a fertilizer layer. The gravity soil generated after the front trencher (2) sweeps over the soil can form a shallow soil layer above the fertilizer layer. A rear furrow opener (3) is provided on the rear side of the front furrow opener (2). A seed metering pipe (31) is installed at the rear of the rear furrow opener (3). The seed metering pipe (31) is connected to the discharge port of the sowing mechanism (5). The rear furrow opener (3) is set higher than the front furrow opener (2). When the walking mechanism (1) moves forward, the rear furrow opener (3) can break through the shallow soil layer to form a shallow furrow, and the seeds fall into the shallow furrow. The front trencher (2) includes a hoe (22) at the front end, and two soil dividing plates (23) are fixedly installed at the rear of the hoe (22), which can push the two soil bodies cut by the hoe (22) to the sides respectively to form the deep trench extending along the cutting line; The fertilizer discharge pipe (21) is fixed between the two soil dividing plates (23), so that the discharged fertilizer falls into the soil before gravity and into the bottom of the deep ditch. The soil dividing plate (23) is provided with a scraping groove (231). As the soil is pushed to both sides, it slides away from the hoe (22) along the front side of the soil dividing plate (23). When the soil slides past the scraping groove (231), it can scrape off the relatively loose and fine soil on the surface of the soil and pass through the scraping groove (231) and fall on the back side of the soil dividing plate (23). The fine soil scraped off from both sides and the fallen fertilizer are mixed to form the fertilizer layer. The rear furrow opener (3) is provided with a soil covering mechanism, which can form a soil covering layer with controllable thickness above the seeds. The rear trencher (3) is connected to the power system through the transmission mechanism (6), so that the rear trencher (3) can reciprocate up and down. When it is raised, the tip of the rear trencher (3) can swing to tilt downward. When it is lowered, it can first insert its tip into the fertilizer layer in an inclined state, and then gradually swing the tip to a horizontal state to form a shallow trench in the shallow soil layer and pick up part of the mud-fertilizer mixture from the fertilizer layer into the shallow trench. The transmission mechanism (6) includes a transmission gear (61) that rotates synchronously with the seeding disc, and a driven gear (62) that meshes with the transmission gear (61). The eccentric part of the driven gear (62) is rotatably connected to one end of the rocker arm (63), and the other end of the rocker arm (63) is rotatably connected to the lifting slide rod (64). The bottom of the lifting slide rod (64) is hinged to the rear furrow opener (3) by a torsion spring. The lifting slide rod (64) and the sliding sleeve (65) slide longitudinally. The sliding sleeve (65) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the front furrow opener (2) by a crossbeam. The upper end face of the rear furrow opener (3) is hinged to the lower end of the telescopic rod (66), and the upper end of the telescopic rod (66) is hinged to the crossbeam.

2. The seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade of the hoe (22) is set longitudinally, and the two soil separating plates (23) are set to open to the rear.

3. The seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear trencher (3) is a hoe structure with a pointed front and a wide rear. Its tip can be inserted laterally into the middle layer of the shallow soil layer. The middle part of its upper surface is raised and rises from front to back, and the two shovel surfaces are inclined downward.

4. The seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil covering mechanism includes a scraper (7), the upper part of which is hinged to the seeding pipe (31), and the lower part of which is placed on the shallow soil layer under the action of gravity; the two sides of the scraper (7) are bent forward, so that when the scraper (7) moves along the shallow trench trajectory, it can scrape the soil on both sides, i.e. the rear side, to fill the shallow trench with seeds; a vibrator is fixedly installed at the front end of the scraper (7).

5. The seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two relatively rotating discs (8) are provided on the rear side of the scraper (7). Several paddles (81) are evenly distributed on the outer circular surface of the discs. During the relative rotation of the two discs (8), the paddles (81) on them can sweep across the soil on both sides of the deep trench and move the soil on both sides to cover the shallow trench that has been filled in the middle. The paddles can adjust the angle with the outer circular surface on which they are located, and can adjust the thickness of the soil covering. The rear wheels of the walking mechanism (1) are aligned with the soil covering mechanism.

6. The method for staggered seed and fertilizer sowing in the seed-fertilizer staggered sowing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Use the front furrow opener (2) to hoe the ground to form a deep furrow, and apply fertilizer at the bottom of the deep furrow according to the pre-set fertilization parameters to form a fertilizer layer. After the front furrow opener (2) sweeps, some soil on both sides of the deep furrow falls and covers the fertilizer layer under the action of gravity, forming a shallow soil layer. During the fertilization process, loose fine soil is scraped off from the sides of the furrow and mixed with fertilizer particles to form a mud-fertilizer mixture, so that the shallow soil layer is composed of the mud-fertilizer mixture. Step II: Use the rear furrow opener (3) to break open the shallow soil layer to form a shallow furrow, and sow seeds at the bottom of the shallow furrow according to the preset sowing parameters so that the seeds fall into the shallow soil layer above the fertilizer layer; wherein, during the process of the rear furrow opener (3) breaking open the shallow soil layer, first make its tip obliquely pass through the shallow soil layer and partially insert into the fertilizer layer, then control its tip to swing upward so that its tip can sweep over the upper part of the fertilizer layer and pick up a small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture into the shallow furrow, thereby making the seeds that fall into the shallow furrow evenly spread in the small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture picked up; Step III: Use a scraper (7) to sweep across the shallow trench. In front of the scraper (7), a small amount of mud-fertilizer mixture will cover the seeds and form a flat thin layer of soil on the surface as the bottom layer of the soil covering. When the scraper (7) sweeps over the seeds, it can vibrate and strike the surface of the thin soil to form a vibration wave that is transmitted downward along the soil layer. This allows the fine soil in the mud-fertilizer mixture to fill the gap between the seeds and fertilizer particles under the action of vibration. Step IV: The surface layer of the soil cover is formed by rotating the two discs (8) relative to each other. The angle of the upper plate (81) is adjusted according to the soil moisture to control the thickness of the surface layer of the soil cover.

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