An aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants

Abstract

This invention discloses an aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants, comprising a light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber. An aquatic ecosystem is housed within the chamber, housed in a glass aquarium. The aquatic ecosystem includes an aquatic animal exposure area and an aquatic plant exposure area. A fish feces collection system is installed at the bottom of the aquatic animal exposure area. A sediment collection system is installed at the bottom of the light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber. A water sample collection system, a target substance addition and pH control device, a gas collection and purification device, and an air exposure system are connected externally to the light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber. This invention solves the problems of existing technologies, such as the inability to effectively simulate the exposure of semi-volatile organic pollutants in an aquatic ecosystem, the inability to comprehensively collect multiple types of samples including air, water, sediment, organisms, and organism feces, and the inability to precisely control experimental conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic ecosystem research technology, and in particular to an aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants. Background Technology

[0002] Semi-volatile organic pollutants (SVOCs) are widely distributed in the three-phase environmental media of air, water, and sediment due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential ecotoxicity, and affect aquatic ecosystems through multi-media migration and dynamic equilibrium. To accurately assess their environmental fate and ecological risks, it is necessary to simultaneously study the distribution, transport, and bioaccumulation behavior of SVOCs in the gas, liquid, and solid phases. However, current technologies cannot meet the needs for comprehensive simulation and synergistic analysis of three-phase media. Commonly used exposure experimental devices and methods currently have the following technical limitations:

[0003] 1. Insufficient simulation of multi-media interaction: Existing devices are mostly designed for single media (such as water phase or sediment), lacking systematic simulation of the mass transfer process between the three phases of air-water-sediment, especially the insufficient precise control of the mass transfer mechanism at the air-water interface, which makes it difficult to realistically reflect the dynamic migration behavior of SVOCs in multiple media.

[0004] 2. Limitations in sample collection: Existing technologies cannot simultaneously collect air, water, sediment, organisms, and organism feces samples in a single experimental system, resulting in fragmented data on the distribution and transport of SVOCs in different parts of the ecosystem, which affects the effectiveness of comprehensive analysis.

[0005] 3. Low precision in controlling experimental conditions: Existing devices lack the ability to control key environmental parameters such as light intensity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH value, and lack mechanisms for maintaining stable pollutant concentrations and automatic water level compensation during long-term experiments, resulting in poor experimental repeatability and limited data reliability.

[0006] 4. Limited device functionality: Existing technologies lack integrated devices that can simultaneously support air exposure experiments, aqueous phase exposure experiments, and sediment exposure experiments. Multiple sets of equipment or phased operations are often required, resulting in low experimental efficiency, increased costs, and difficulty in ensuring the consistency of multi-media exposure conditions.

[0007] Furthermore, existing devices do not adequately support research on the transmission effects of SVOCs in the food chain. For example, they cannot effectively simulate interactions between organisms at multiple trophic levels, or they lack the ability to systematically track pollutants in organism feces. These technical deficiencies restrict the comprehensiveness and accuracy of SVOCs ecological risk assessment, necessitating an integrated exposure device and method capable of achieving multi-media synergistic simulation, precise environmental control, and diverse experimental requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention designs an aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants (SVOCs). This addresses the limitations of existing technologies, such as the inability to effectively simulate SVOC exposure in aquatic ecosystems, the inability to comprehensively collect diverse samples (air, water, sediment, organisms, and excrement), and the inability to precisely control experimental conditions. This invention, by integrating advantages in sample collection, experimental condition control and adaptability enhancement, wide applicability, high accuracy in environmental simulation, and strong experimental flexibility, provides an efficient, comprehensive, and reliable experimental platform for studying the behavior and fate of SVOCs in aquatic ecosystems.

[0009] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] An aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants includes a light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber. An aquatic ecosystem is set up inside the light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber, which is located in a glass fish tank inside the light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber. The aquatic ecosystem includes an aquatic animal exposure area and an aquatic plant exposure area. A fish feces collection system is set at the bottom of the aquatic animal exposure area. A sediment collection system is set at the bottom of the light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber. A water sample collection system, a target substance addition and acid-base control device, a gas collection and purification device, and an air exposure system are connected to the outside of the light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber.

[0011] The light-controlled heat-insulating chamber is a relatively sealed and stable environment with adjustable light and temperature.

[0012] The air exposure system uniformly diffuses gas containing a specific concentration of pollutants into the aquatic ecosystem, while precisely controlling the gas flow rate and pollutant concentration to simulate the exposure of semi-volatile organic pollutants in the air.

[0013] The aquatic animal exposure zone separates aquatic animals of different trophic levels, allowing them to move within their respective areas, thereby simulating the food chain transmission process and studying the transmission and accumulation effects of pollutants between different trophic levels.

[0014] The aquatic plant exposure area exposes aquatic plants to water containing semi-volatile organic pollutants, and observes their absorption, transformation, and accumulation of pollutants.

[0015] The gas collection and purification device collects and purifies the gases generated by the aquatic ecosystem during the experiment, and absorbs and measures the pollutants in the gases.

[0016] The water sample collection system accurately extracts water samples from the glass aquarium for subsequent analysis, and discharges any remaining water samples after the experiment.

[0017] The sediment collection system extracts and collects residual water samples from the sediments in order to determine the target substances in the sediments;

[0018] The fish feces collection system regularly cleans and collects fish feces to maintain water quality, while also measuring the semi-volatile organic pollutants in the collected fish feces.

[0019] The target substance addition and acid-base regulation device adds the reserve solution, acidic adjustment solution and alkaline adjustment solution to the glass fish tank as needed, so as to achieve precise control of the concentration of pollutants and the pH of the water, so as to meet the requirements of pollutant concentration and pH of the water under different experimental conditions.

[0020] Preferably, the fish feces collection system includes a fish feces guide plate, a fish feces collection box, and a feces cleaning port. The fish feces guide plate is located at the bottom of the aquatic animal exposure area. The fish feces collection box is connected to the end of the fish feces guide plate and is equipped with a rotating isolation cover. A screen plate is fixedly installed at one end of the fish feces collection box, and a semi-circular gate is fixedly installed outside the screen plate. An electric push plate is movably installed at the other end of the fish feces collection box. The electric push plate slides along the guide rails on both sides of the fish feces collection box through the push plate fixing clamp. A feces cleaning channel is provided on one side of the fish feces collection box at the screen plate end, and the feces cleaning channel is connected to the feces cleaning port provided on the light-controlled heat preservation chamber.

[0021] Preferably, the target substance addition and acid-base regulation device consists of a reserve liquid storage box, an acidic conditioning liquid storage box, an alkaline conditioning liquid storage box, and a multi-channel peristaltic pump. The reserve liquid storage box, the acidic conditioning liquid storage box, and the alkaline conditioning liquid storage box are connected to the multi-channel peristaltic pump through pipelines, and the multi-channel peristaltic pump is connected to the glass fish tank.

[0022] Preferably, the air exposure system includes a porous gas diffuser, a gas flow meter, a gas mixer, a standard gas, and clean air. The porous gas diffuser is installed inside the glass fish tank and is connected to the gas mixer via a pipeline. The pipeline is equipped with a gas flow meter, and the gas mixer is connected to the standard gas and clean air via a pipeline.

[0023] Preferably, the aquatic animal exposure area is located inside a glass aquarium, where aquatic animals of different trophic levels are separated by multiple layers of isolation sieves and vertically moving curtains, simulating the food chain transmission process.

[0024] Preferably, the gas collection and purification device includes a vent, an anti-backflow device, a control valve, an absorption bottle holder, a gas purification membrane, a sodium hydroxide absorption liquid, and a target substance absorption liquid. The vent is connected to a gas guide pipe through the anti-backflow device. The gas guide pipe is connected to the target substance absorption liquid, the sodium hydroxide absorption liquid, and the gas purification membrane in sequence before outputting. A control valve is installed on the gas guide pipe.

[0025] Preferably, the water sample collection system includes a water sample collection bottle, which is connected to the inside of the glass fish tank through a water sample drain pipe, a flow regulation control valve, a filtration interface, and a filter membrane assembly. The water sample collection bottle is connected to a diaphragm vacuum pump.

[0026] Preferably, the sediment collection system includes a sediment collection box, which is equipped with a filter plate-filter membrane-filter plate composite filtration assembly. A butterfly valve is installed at the bottom of the sediment collection box. A magnetically attached detachable sealed water collection box is detachably installed at the bottom of the light-controlled and heat-insulating chamber. The magnetically attached detachable sealed water collection box is connected to the sediment collection box through the butterfly valve. A diaphragm vacuum pump is connected to the magnetically attached detachable sealed water collection box.

[0027] Preferably, a water level probe is installed inside the glass fish tank, and a multi-channel peristaltic pump is connected to the glass fish tank through a pipeline, which in turn is connected to a water tank through a pipeline.

[0028] Preferably, the glass aquarium is equipped with a pH meter, conductivity meter, dissolved oxygen meter and thermometer to monitor water quality parameters in real time, including pH value, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and water temperature. The glass aquarium is also equipped with an aeration device and a heating rod. The aeration device includes an air stone, a stop valve and an oxygen pump.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0030] (1) Significantly improved comprehensive sample collection capabilities:

[0031] The device of this invention can simultaneously collect air, water, sediment, organisms, and organism excrement from the system after the experiment. This feature makes it possible to conduct efficient and comprehensive analysis of the behavior and fate of semi-volatile organic pollutants (SVOCs) in various stages of the aquatic ecosystem, providing strong support for in-depth research on their ecological impact.

[0032] (2) Experimental condition control and adaptive enhancement:

[0033] The device of this invention is suitable for both long-term and short-term exposure experiments. The manure removal device maintains water quality cleanliness and stability without affecting the exposure environment or aquatic ecosystem. The aeration device and heating rod precisely regulate dissolved oxygen and temperature in the water, creating suitable living conditions for aquatic organisms and ensuring the reliability of experimental results. The gas collection and purification device effectively collects and purifies gases generated during the experiment without compromising the system's airtightness, achieving zero pollution emissions. This not only ensures the stability of the experimental environment but also avoids atmospheric pollution, embodying the concept of green environmental protection.

[0034] (3) The experiment has a wide range of applications:

[0035] The apparatus of this invention is suitable for exposure experiments on aquatic plants and animals, as well as environmental behavior experiments on semi-volatile organic pollutants in the food chain of aquatic ecosystems. By rationally setting up different areas and adopting corresponding methods, it can meet diverse experimental needs, providing a more comprehensive and flexible experimental platform for aquatic ecological research.

[0036] (4) High accuracy in environmental simulation:

[0037] The device of this invention features a sealed design, controllable temperature and light, adjustable pH levels, and water level monitoring and automatic water replenishment. These characteristics enable it to more accurately simulate environmental conditions in real aquatic ecosystems, creating an ideal experimental environment for studying the behavior and fate of SVOCs. By precisely controlling various environmental factors, it is possible to better observe and analyze the transmission, transformation, and accumulation processes of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, providing a scientific basis for environmental risk assessment.

[0038] (5) High experimental flexibility:

[0039] The apparatus of this invention can flexibly conduct different types of exposure experiments to meet the research needs on the behavior and effects of semi-volatile organic pollutants in different media of aquatic ecosystems. Specifically, it can conduct air exposure experiments, aqueous phase exposure experiments, and sediment exposure experiments, providing diverse experimental means for in-depth investigation of the environmental behavior of SVOCs in aquatic ecosystems. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This application provides an embodiment of an aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants.

[0041] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shown is a top view of the aquatic animal system exposure device in the embodiment shown.

[0042] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front structure of the manure removal device in the illustrated embodiment.

[0043] Attached reference numerals: 1. Light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber; 11. Manure removal port; 12. Control panel; 13. LED light-controlled sealing cover; 14. Gas cylinder rack; 15. Storage platform; 16. Heightening feet; 2. Water sample collection system; 21. Flow regulation control valve; 22. Filtration interface and filter membrane assembly; 23. Water sample collection bottle; 24. Water sample drain pipe; 25. Wastewater drain pipe; 26. Diaphragm vacuum pump; 27. Magnetic detachable sealed water collection box; 28. Filter plate-filter membrane-filter plate composite filter assembly; 29. ​​Butterfly valve; 3. Air Exposure system; 31. Porous gas diffuser; 32. Gas flow meter; 33. Gas mixer; 34. Standard gas; 35. Clean air; 4. Glass fish tank; 41. pH meter; 42. Conductivity meter; 43. Dissolved oxygen meter; 44. Aeration device; 441. Air stone; 442. Check valve; 443. Aerator; 45. Heating rod; 46. Sediment collection box; 5. Aquatic animal exposure area; 51. Fish waste guide plate; 52. Fish waste collection box; 521. Rotating isolation cover; 522. Push plate fixing clamp; 5 23. Electric push plate; 524. Slide rail; 525. Screen plate; 526. Semi-circular gate; 527. Manure removal channel; 53. Roller shutter drive shaft; 531. Vertical moving curtain; 532. Magnetic fixing device; 54. Thermometer; 55. Automatic feeder; 56. Top predator zone; 561. Top predator isolation screen plate; 562. Multifunctional extension zone; 57. Secondary consumer zone; 571. Secondary consumer zone fixing buckle; 572. Secondary consumer isolation screen plate; 58. Primary consumer zone; 581. Primary disinfection... 582. Consumer area fixing buckle; 6. Primary consumer isolation screen plate; 7. Aquatic plant exposure area; 8. Gas collection and purification device; 9. Ventilation hole; 10. Anti-backflow device; 11. Control valve; 12. Absorption bottle rack; 13. Gas purification membrane; 14. Sodium hydroxide absorption solution; 15. Target substance absorption solution; 16. Target substance addition and acid-base adjustment device; 17. Reserve liquid storage box; 18. Acidity adjustment solution storage box; 19. Alkalinity adjustment solution storage box; 20. Multi-channel peristaltic pump; 21. Water tank; 22. Water level probe. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Example: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants includes a light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber 1, a water sample collection system 2, a sediment collection system, an air exposure system 3, an aquatic animal exposure area 5, a fish feces collection system, an aquatic plant exposure area 6, a gas collection and purification device 7, and a target substance addition and acid-base regulation device 8.

[0046] The light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber 1 houses a glass fish tank 4, constructed from materials of sufficient strength and rigidity, such as 2-5 mm thick aluminum alloy sheets. Its regular shape facilitates transportation and installation. An insulation layer of 5-10 mm thick polyurethane foam effectively maintains a stable temperature within the fish tank 4. Externally, the chamber features a fish waste removal port 11 and a control panel 12. The port 11 is used for cleaning fish waste, while the control panel 12 adjusts the exposure status of the fish tank. An LED light-controlled sealing cover 13 is installed on the top of the chamber, allowing adjustment of light intensity to simulate natural light and provide a relatively enclosed space for experiments. Additionally, the light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber 1 includes a gas cylinder rack 14, a storage platform 15, and raised feet 16. The gas cylinder rack 14 is used to fix the gas cylinders and ensure the stability of the gas supply; the storage platform 15 is used to place experimental equipment or materials and provides convenient operating space; the height-adjusting feet 16 are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel and are used to adjust the height of the chamber, reserve space for the magnetically attached detachable sealed water collection box 27, and ensure that the chamber is placed horizontally to enhance overall stability.

[0047] The water sample collection bottle 23 in the water sample collection system 2 is connected to the glass fish tank 4 via a water sample drain pipe 24, a flow regulation control valve 21, a filtration interface, and a filter membrane assembly 22. The water sample collection bottle 23 is connected to a diaphragm vacuum pump 26. Under the action of the diaphragm vacuum pump 26, the water sample in the glass fish tank 4 is accurately extracted into the water sample collection bottle 23 for subsequent pretreatment experiments. The sediment collection system includes a sediment collection box 46, which contains a filter plate-filter membrane-filter plate composite filtration assembly 28. A butterfly valve 29 is installed at the bottom of the sediment collection box 46. A magnetically detachable sealed water collection box 27 is detachably installed at the bottom of the light-controlled and heat-insulating chamber. The magnetically detachable sealed water collection box 27 is connected to the sediment collection box 46 via the butterfly valve 29 and is connected to the diaphragm vacuum pump 26. After the experiment, the butterfly valve 29 is opened, and the remaining water sample in the glass fish tank 4 is discharged through the wastewater drain pipe 25. Simultaneously, under the action of the diaphragm vacuum pump 26 and the filter plate-membrane-filter plate composite filtration assembly 28, most of the residual water sample in the sediment is drawn into the magnetically detachable sealed water collection box 27, achieving preliminary separation of sediment and water sample. After filtration, the sediment collection box 46 is removed, and the target substances in the sediment are determined through pretreatment.

[0048] The air exposure system 3 includes a porous gas diffuser 31, a gas flow meter 32, a gas mixer 33, a standard gas 34, and clean air 35. The porous gas diffuser 31 is installed inside a sealed glass aquarium to uniformly diffuse the gas, ensuring the even distribution of the target pollutant within the aquatic ecosystem. The porous gas diffuser 31 is connected to the gas mixer 33 via a pipe, which is equipped with the gas flow meter 32. The gas mixer 33 is connected to the standard gas 34 and clean air 35 via a pipe. The gas flow meter 32 precisely controls the gas flow rate entering the sealed glass aquarium, ensuring the stability and repeatability of experimental conditions. The gas mixer 33 mixes the standard gas 34 and clean air 35 in a predetermined ratio, precisely controlling the concentration of the target pollutant. The standard gas 34 contains a known concentration of the target pollutant and is secured by a gas cylinder holder 14 to ensure a stable gas supply. The clean air 35 is purified air used to dilute the standard gas, ensuring the controllability of the experimental environment. Through the synergistic effect of the above components, the air exposure system can effectively simulate the exposure of semi-volatile organic pollutants in the air, providing reliable experimental conditions for studying their impact on aquatic ecosystems.

[0049] A glass aquarium 4 is placed inside a light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber 1 to simulate an aquatic ecosystem and conduct exposure experiments on semi-volatile organic pollutants. The aquarium contains a pH meter 41, a conductivity meter 42, a dissolved oxygen meter 43, and a thermometer 54 to monitor water quality parameters in real time, including pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature. An aeration device 44 and a heater 45 are also installed inside the aquarium. The aeration device 44 includes an air stone 441, a check valve 442, and an air pump 443 to increase dissolved oxygen in the water; the heater 45 controls the water temperature to ensure suitable living conditions for aquatic organisms. The glass aquarium 4 has a volume of 100-200 L, with the specific volume selected according to experimental requirements.

[0050] The aquatic animal exposure area 5 is located within the glass aquarium 4. Different trophic levels of aquatic animals are separated by a primary consumer isolation screen 582, a secondary consumer isolation screen 572, a apex predator isolation screen 561, and a vertically moving curtain 531, simulating the food chain process. Primary consumer zone 58, secondary consumer zone 57, and apex predator zone 56 house aquatic animals of different trophic levels, respectively. Primary consumer zone fixing clips 581 and secondary consumer zone fixing clips 571 secure the corresponding areas, ensuring their stability within the aquarium. The primary consumer isolation screen 582, secondary consumer isolation screen 572, and apex predator isolation screen 561 have different apertures based on the size of the aquatic animals, achieving separation of different trophic levels without affecting fish waste settling. A roller shutter drive shaft 53 controls the raising and lowering of the vertically moving curtain 531, enabling the isolation and opening of different zones, while a magnetic fixing device 532 ensures the curtain's stability. The thermometer 54 monitors the water temperature in real time, and the automatic feeder 55 feeds the aquatic animals at set times to ensure their living conditions.

[0051] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the fish feces collection system includes a fish feces guide plate 51, a fish feces collection box 52, and a feces cleaning port 11. The fish feces guide plate 51 is located at the bottom of the aquatic animal exposure area 5. The fish feces collection box 52 is connected to the end of the fish feces guide plate 51. A rotating isolation cover 521 is provided on the fish feces collection box 52. A screen plate 525 is fixedly installed at one end of the fish feces collection box 52. A semi-circular gate 526 is fixedly installed outside the screen plate 525. An electric push plate 523 is movably installed at the other end of the fish feces collection box 52. The electric push plate 523 slides along the guide rails 524 on both sides of the fish feces collection box through the push plate fixing clamp 522. A feces cleaning channel 527 is provided on one side of the fish feces collection box 52 located at the end of the screen plate 525. The feces cleaning channel 527 is connected to the feces cleaning port 11 provided on the light-controlled heat preservation chamber 1.

[0052] Aquatic plant exposure area 6 is located inside glass aquarium 4 and is used for exposure experiments on aquatic plants. Through direct exposure, the effects of semi-volatile organic pollutants on aquatic plants are studied, including the processes of pollutant absorption, transformation, and accumulation.

[0053] The gas collection and purification device 7 includes a vent 71, an anti-backflow device 72, a control valve 73, an absorption bottle rack 74, a gas purification membrane 75, a sodium hydroxide absorbent 76, and a target substance absorbent 77. During the experiment, the gas generated passes sequentially through the anti-backflow device 72, the target substance absorbent 77 (such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, etc.), the sodium hydroxide absorbent 76, and the gas purification membrane 75 (such as a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, activated carbon composite membrane, etc.), achieving harmless emission. Different gas collection and purification devices are connected by gas guide pipes and vent 71, forming a gas collection and purification system. The porous absorption bottle rack 74 and the control valve 73 enhance the flexibility of the gas collection and purification system, allowing for flexible selection of the absorbent type and dosage according to experimental needs, and enabling series / parallel connections. This system is suitable for collecting and purifying high-throughput, multi-component complex gases. The content of the target substance in the gas is determined by analysis of the target substance absorbent 77.

[0054] The target substance addition and acid-base regulation device 8 consists of a reserve solution storage box 81, an acidic conditioning solution storage box 82, an alkaline conditioning solution storage box 83, and a multi-channel peristaltic pump 84. A water level probe 91 is installed inside the glass aquarium 4. The glass aquarium 4 is connected to the multi-channel peristaltic pump 84 via piping, and the multi-channel peristaltic pump 84 is connected to a water tank 9 via piping. The multi-channel peristaltic pump 84 precisely controls the flow rate to add the reserve solution, acidic conditioning solution, and alkaline conditioning solution to the glass aquarium 4 as needed, achieving precise control of the pollutant concentration and pH of the water. In long-term exposure experiments, the water level probe 91 and the water tank 9 monitor the water level in real time and, in conjunction with the peristaltic pump 84, achieve automatic water replenishment, ensuring the stability of experimental conditions.

[0055] The method of using this invention is as follows:

[0056] Reference Figure 3 For long-term exposure experiments, in order to ensure water quality cleanliness and stability, it is necessary to regularly clean fish feces and minimize the impact on the aquatic ecosystem. The fish feces collection system adopts the following methods:

[0057] Step 1: When it is necessary to clean the fish feces, turn the isolation cover 521 to close it, which will initially isolate the fish feces collection box 52 from the inside of the fish tank.

[0058] Step 2: Subsequently, under the fixing action of the push plate fixing clamp 522, the electric push plate 523 slides along the slide rail 524, pushing the fish feces to one end of the collection box, and through the sieve plate 525, the fish feces and water are separated.

[0059] Step 3: Rotate the semi-circular gate 526 to close, ensuring that the manure removal device is isolated from the external water environment.

[0060] Step 4: Open the manure removal port 11 and remove the fish manure from the manure removal channel 527. Depending on the experimental needs, the semi-volatile organic pollutants in the fish manure can be measured.

[0061] Step 5: After the fish feces are cleaned up, close the feces cleaning port 11, slide the electric push plate 523 back into place along the slide rail 524, rotate the isolation cover 521 and the semi-circular gate 526 to open, and continue the subsequent fish feces collection work.

[0062] Reference Figure 2 For aquatic plant and animal exposure experiments, compartments can be set up according to the number and types of species. Different aquatic plants and animals are exposed to the same environment, and aquatic animals are fed regularly using automatic feeders as needed. Through direct exposure, the distribution and toxic effects of semi-volatile organic pollutants in aquatic plants and animals are studied.

[0063] Reference Figure 2 To investigate the environmental behavior of semi-volatile organic pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem food chain, the aforementioned aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants was used, and the following methods were employed:

[0064] Step 1: Place the primary consumer exposed to semi-volatile organic pollutants into the primary consumer area 58. As needed for the experiment, open and close the vertical moving curtain 531 at fixed time points to allow the secondary consumer to consume the primary consumer.

[0065] Step Two: After the secondary consumers have finished feeding, the vertically moving curtain 531 is opened and closed at fixed time points according to experimental needs, allowing the top consumer to feed on the secondary consumers. The opening and closing of the vertically moving curtain 531 can be controlled according to experimental needs to regulate the amount of food consumed by both the secondary and top consumers. This allows for the study of the transfer process of semi-volatile organic pollutants from primary consumers to secondary consumers and then to top consumers.

[0066] Step 3: The multi-functional extension zone 562 can be used selectively according to experimental needs. It can increase producers, lengthen food chains, or conduct research on two food chains simultaneously.

[0067] To investigate the transport mechanism of semi-volatile organic pollutants at the air-water interface and their exposure effects on aquatic organisms, an air exposure experiment was conducted using the aforementioned aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants. The method is as follows:

[0068] Step 1: Connect standard gas 34 and clean air 35 to the gas mixing and proportioning device 33, set the ratio, and control the gas flow rate through the gas flow meter 32.

[0069] Step 2: Monitor and adjust the gas exposure status in real time through the control panel 12 of the light-controlled heat preservation chamber 1.

[0070] Step 3: During the experiment, the aeration device 44 is operated as needed to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water. All control valves 73 are in the open state, and the series system of the gas collection and purification device 7 is started to process the generated gas in real time. The gas is then passed through the anti-backflow device 72, the target absorbent liquid 77, the sodium hydroxide absorbent liquid 76, and the gas purification membrane 75 in sequence to achieve harmless discharge.

[0071] Step 4: The automatic water replenishment system maintains the water level, which is achieved by the coordinated operation of water tank 9, water level probe 91, flow regulation control valve 21 and multi-channel peristaltic pump 84.

[0072] Step 5: After the experiment, collect gas, water, sediment, fish feces, and plant and animal samples, measure the amount of the target substances, and analyze their distribution in the ecosystem.

[0073] To investigate the concentration changes of semi-volatile organic pollutants in the aqueous phase and their toxic effects on aquatic organisms, an aqueous phase exposure experiment was conducted using the aforementioned apparatus. The method is as follows:

[0074] Step 1: Add the water sample containing the target pollutant to glass aquarium 4, ensuring even distribution.

[0075] Step 2: Adjust the exposure status of the glass aquarium 4, such as light, temperature, pH, etc., through the control panel 12.

[0076] Step 3: For the experiment to maintain a constant total amount of the target pollutant in the system, the water tank 9, water level probe 91, flow regulation control valve 21, and multi-channel peristaltic pump 84 work together to achieve automatic water replenishment, maintain the water level, and prevent the automatic addition mechanism of the target substance reserve solution from being activated. For the experiment to maintain a constant total amount of the target pollutant in the aqueous phase, the multi-channel peristaltic pump 84 periodically introduces the experimental water in the water tank 9 and the target substance reserve solution in the reserve solution storage box 81 into the glass fish tank 4, thereby precisely controlling the concentration level of pollutants in the water.

[0077] Step 4: During the experiment, the water sample collection system 2 is turned on as needed, and the volume of water sample in the water sample collection bottle 23 is precisely controlled through relevant components to monitor the changes in the content of target substances in the aqueous phase in real time.

[0078] Step 5: During the experiment, the aeration device 44 is operated to increase dissolved oxygen, the control valve 73 is in an open-closed state, and the gas collection and purification device 7 processes the generated gas in real time.

[0079] Step Six: After the experiment, collect gas, water, sediment, fish feces, and plant and animal samples, measure the amount of the target substances, and analyze their distribution in the ecosystem.

[0080] To investigate the adsorption, desorption, and migration patterns of semi-volatile organic pollutants in sediments and their toxic effects on benthic organisms, sediment exposure experiments were conducted using the aforementioned apparatus, as follows:

[0081] Step 1: Treat sediment samples with contaminants under laboratory conditions, ensuring uniform distribution of the contaminants.

[0082] Step 2: Place the homogenized contaminated sediment into the sediment collection box 46 of the glass aquarium 4, add water samples and plants and animals that do not contain the target pollutant, and construct an aquatic ecosystem.

[0083] Step 3: Adjust the aquarium's lighting, temperature, pH, and other exposure conditions via control panel 12.

[0084] Step 4: During the experiment, the aeration device 44 is operated to increase dissolved oxygen, the control valve 73 is in an open-closed state, and the gas collection and purification device 7 processes the generated gas in real time.

[0085] Step 5: The automatic water replenishment system maintains the water level, which is achieved through the coordinated operation of the water tank 9, water level probe 91, flow regulation control valve 21, and multi-channel peristaltic pump 84.

[0086] Step Six: After the experiment, collect gas, water, sediment, fish feces, and plant and animal samples, measure the amount of the target substances, and analyze their distribution in the ecosystem.

[0087] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Other variations and modifications are possible without departing from the technical solutions described in the claims.

Claims

1. An exposure device for aquatic ecosystems containing semi-volatile organic pollutants, comprising a light-controlled and heat-insulated chamber, characterized in that, The light-controlled and heat-insulating chamber is equipped with an aquatic ecosystem, which is set up in a glass fish tank inside the light-controlled and heat-insulating chamber. The aquatic ecosystem includes an aquatic animal exposure area and an aquatic plant exposure area. A fish feces collection system is set at the bottom of the aquatic animal exposure area. A sediment collection system is set at the bottom of the light-controlled and heat-insulating chamber. A water sample collection system, a target substance addition and acid-base control device, a gas collection and purification device, and an air exposure system are connected to the outside of the light-controlled and heat-insulating chamber. The light-controlled heat-insulating chamber is a relatively sealed and stable environment with adjustable light and temperature. The air exposure system uniformly diffuses gas containing a specific concentration of pollutants into the aquatic ecosystem, while precisely controlling the gas flow rate and pollutant concentration to simulate the exposure of semi-volatile organic pollutants in the air. The aquatic animal exposure zone separates aquatic animals of different trophic levels, allowing them to move within their respective areas, thereby simulating the food chain transmission process and studying the transmission and accumulation effects of pollutants between different trophic levels. The aquatic plant exposure area exposes aquatic plants to water containing semi-volatile organic pollutants, and observes their absorption, transformation, and accumulation of pollutants. The gas collection and purification device collects and purifies the gases generated by the aquatic ecosystem during the experiment, and absorbs and measures the pollutants in the gases. The water sample collection system accurately extracts water samples from the glass aquarium for subsequent analysis, and discharges any remaining water samples after the experiment. The sediment collection system extracts and collects residual water samples from the sediments in order to determine the target substances in the sediments; The fish feces collection system regularly cleans and collects fish feces to maintain water quality, while also measuring the semi-volatile organic pollutants in the collected fish feces. The target substance addition and acid-base regulation device adds the reserve solution, acidic adjustment solution and alkaline adjustment solution to the glass fish tank as needed, so as to achieve precise control of the concentration of pollutants and the pH of the water, so as to meet the requirements of pollutant concentration and pH of the water under different experimental conditions. The fish feces collection system includes a fish feces guide plate, a fish feces collection box, and a feces cleaning port. The fish feces guide plate is located at the bottom of the aquatic animal exposure area. The fish feces collection box is connected to the end of the fish feces guide plate. The fish feces collection box is equipped with a rotating isolation cover. A screen plate is fixedly installed at one end of the fish feces collection box, and a semi-circular gate is fixedly installed outside the screen plate. An electric push plate is movably installed at the other end of the fish feces collection box. The electric push plate slides along the guide rails on both sides of the fish feces collection box through the push plate fixing clamp. A feces cleaning channel is provided on one side of the fish feces collection box at the screen plate end. The feces cleaning channel is connected to the feces cleaning port provided on the light-controlled heat preservation chamber. The target substance addition and acid-base regulation device consists of a reserve liquid storage box, an acidity regulating liquid storage box, an alkalinity regulating liquid storage box, and a multi-channel peristaltic pump. The reserve liquid storage box, the acidity regulating liquid storage box, and the alkalinity regulating liquid storage box are connected to the multi-channel peristaltic pump through pipelines, and the multi-channel peristaltic pump is connected to the glass fish tank. The air exposure system includes a porous gas diffuser, a gas flow meter, a gas mixer, a standard gas, and clean air. The porous gas diffuser is installed inside the glass fish tank and is connected to the gas mixer via a pipeline. The pipeline is equipped with a gas flow meter, and the gas mixer is connected to the standard gas and clean air via a pipeline. The aquatic animal exposure area is located inside a glass aquarium, where aquatic animals of different trophic levels are separated by multiple layers of isolation sieves and vertically moving curtains to simulate the food chain transmission process. The gas collection and purification device includes a vent, an anti-backflow device, a control valve, an absorption bottle rack, a gas purification membrane, sodium hydroxide absorbent, and a target absorbent. The vent is connected to a gas guide pipe through the anti-backflow device. The gas guide pipe is connected to the target absorbent, sodium hydroxide absorbent, and gas purification membrane in sequence before outputting. A control valve is installed on the gas guide pipe.

2. The aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water sample collection system includes a water sample collection bottle, which is connected to the inside of the glass fish tank through a water sample drain pipe, a flow regulation control valve, a filtration interface and a filter membrane assembly. The water sample collection bottle is connected to a diaphragm vacuum pump.

3. The aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sediment collection system includes a sediment collection box, which contains a filter plate-filter membrane-filter plate composite filtration assembly. A butterfly valve is installed at the bottom of the sediment collection box. A magnetically attached, removable, sealed water collection box is detachably installed at the bottom of the light-controlled and heat-insulating chamber. The magnetically attached, removable, sealed water collection box is connected to the sediment collection box via the butterfly valve. A diaphragm vacuum pump is connected to the magnetically attached, removable, sealed water collection box.

4. The aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass fish tank is equipped with a water level probe, and a multi-channel peristaltic pump is connected to the glass fish tank through a pipeline. The multi-channel peristaltic pump is connected to the water tank through a pipeline.

5. The aquatic ecosystem exposure device for semi-volatile organic pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass aquarium is equipped with a pH meter, conductivity meter, dissolved oxygen meter and thermometer to monitor water quality parameters in real time, including pH value, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and water temperature. The glass aquarium is also equipped with an aeration device and a heater. The aeration device includes an air stone, a stop valve and an oxygen pump.

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