External heat multistage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method

Abstract

The present application relates to the pyrolysis technical field, specifically relates to a kind of external heat multistage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method, the external heat multistage flexible rotary pyrolysis device includes multiple hollow cylindrical reaction chamber, each the reaction chamber includes multiple flexible scrapers, rotation shaft is coaxially arranged on the opposite end surface of the reaction chamber and is arranged on the flexible reaction cage of the rotation shaft.All the rotation shafts extend horizontally, all the reaction chambers are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are communicated by connecting channel between adjacent reaction chambers.The one end of the flexible scraper is fixed on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber and the other end can contact the reticular surface of flexible reaction cage.The present application can directly and efficiently pyrolyze large-size strip-shaped organic waste, to solve the technical problems that existing pyrolysis device for strip-shaped organic waste processing exists raw material easy softening and sticking blockage, coking and slagging is serious, pretreatment cost is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pyrolysis technology, specifically to an externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method. Background Technology

[0002] Organic waste materials such as paper, tires, and fibers need to be processed into strips in some industrial and agricultural production processes. Textiles, rubber products, and plastic products also require cutting and trimming before molding, generating strip-shaped waste. If these strip-shaped wastes are carelessly discarded or landfilled, they not only pollute the environment but also result in a significant waste of resources.

[0003] Pyrolysis is a highly efficient method for treating organic strip-shaped waste. Compared with traditional methods, it offers advantages such as shorter processing cycles, higher conversion efficiency, significant volume reduction, efficient solidification of heavy metals, and avoidance of the formation of harmful substances like dioxins. It also yields high-value solid-liquid-gas byproducts. However, existing pyrolysis equipment has several shortcomings when processing strip-shaped raw materials. For example, organic raw materials soften and clump together easily when heated. Furthermore, the large size of the strips inevitably leads to blockages within the pyrolysis unit, causing severe coking and slagging problems, hindering heat transfer, and preventing the unit from operating stably for extended periods. If additional crushing pretreatment measures are used to pulverize the strip-shaped raw materials, it significantly increases the power consumption of the reaction unit, greatly raising processing costs and resulting in a bulky equipment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design new pyrolysis reaction devices that can ensure that strip-shaped waste materials can be directly fed into the pyrolysis reaction chamber for efficient pyrolysis without crushing and pretreatment, while also promptly cleaning up adhering coke and pyrolysis residues to prevent device blockage and maintain the stable operation of the pyrolysis process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method to solve the technical problems of existing pyrolysis devices in the treatment of strip-shaped organic waste, such as easy softening, adhesion and blockage of raw materials, serious coking and slagging, and high pretreatment costs.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, comprising multiple hollow cylindrical reaction chambers, each of which includes multiple flexible scrapers, a rotating shaft coaxially disposed on opposite end faces of the reaction chamber, and a flexible reaction cage disposed on the rotating shaft.

[0009] All the rotating shafts extend horizontally, and all the reaction chambers are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, with adjacent reaction chambers connected by connecting channels. Each reaction chamber is divided into a separation zone on one side and a reaction zone on the other, with a vertical axial section serving as the boundary. The separation zone of the reaction chamber in the upper layer is located above the reaction zone of the reaction chamber in the lower layer. The top of the uppermost reaction chamber has a feed inlet and a gas outlet, and the bottom of the lowermost reaction chamber has a discharge outlet. Heat exchange flues are arranged around the outer contour of all the reaction chambers and the connecting channels.

[0010] The flexible reaction cage includes a pair of circular end plates coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft, multiple wing rods spaced apart on the outer edge of the end plates and extending radially, and multiple flexible filaments connecting the free ends of the wing rods on both ends of the end plates. All the flexible filaments together form a mesh surface. The rotation direction of the rotating shaft satisfies the following: the flexible reaction cage rotates downward in the reaction zone and upward in the separation zone.

[0011] All of the flexible scrapers are flat, strip-shaped elastic structures and are spaced apart in the separation zone of the reaction chamber. One end of the flexible scraper is fixed to the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber, and the other end can contact the mesh surface.

[0012] Optionally, all the reaction chambers are arranged in a row along an inclined direction in a vertical plane, with the angle between the inclined direction and the horizontal plane being 45° to 75°, and all the rotating axes rotate in the same direction.

[0013] Optionally, the heat exchange flue has a plane formed by the axes of all the reaction chambers as its interface, with a high-temperature flue on one side and a medium-temperature flue on the other side of the interface; the tops of the high-temperature flue and the medium-temperature flue are connected; a flue gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the high-temperature flue, and a flue gas outlet is provided at the bottom of the medium-temperature flue; and an insulation layer is provided on the outside of the heat exchange flue.

[0014] Optionally, all of the reaction chambers have the same diameter, or the diameter of the reaction chambers decreases layer by layer from top to bottom; multiple heat exchange fins are spaced apart on the outer surface of all the reaction chambers.

[0015] Optionally, the connecting channel connects the bottom of the separation zone of the reaction chamber in the upper layer to the top of the reaction zone of the reaction chamber in the lower layer.

[0016] Optionally, the rotating shaft is supported on the opposite end face of the reaction chamber by bearings and the rotating shaft passes through the end face of the reaction chamber and is connected to the drive system, which can drive the flexible reaction cage to rotate.

[0017] Optionally, the feed inlet is located at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber, and the feed inlet passes through a heat exchange flue and is connected to the feeding system; the gas outlet is located at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber, and the gas outlet passes through a heat exchange flue and is connected to the separation and condensation system; the discharge outlet is located at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber, and the discharge outlet is connected to the solid collection system; the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are located on both sides of the discharge outlet.

[0018] Optionally, the flexible filament is made of stainless steel filament, aluminum silicate fiber filament, or aramid fiber filament; and / or, the flexible scraper is a stainless steel sheet; all the winglets are of the same length or at least partially different.

[0019] Optionally, the multiple flexible scrapers are evenly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber, and the central angle of the circular cross-section of the reaction chamber corresponding to the distribution area of ​​the multiple flexible scrapers is 60 to 150°; on the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber, the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers is at least 10 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, and includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Drive the rotating shaft to rotate the flexible reaction cage at the set speed. At the same time, high-temperature flue gas is introduced from the flue gas inlet of the heat exchange flue. After circulating through the high-temperature flue to the medium-temperature flue, it is discharged from the flue gas outlet, heating each reaction chamber to the set temperature.

[0022] S2. The raw material is fed into the uppermost reaction chamber through the feed inlet and falls onto the flexible reaction cage. As the temperature rises, the raw material softens and adheres to the flexible wire and undergoes pyrolysis.

[0023] S3. The flexible reaction cage rotates continuously under the drive of the rotating shaft, causing the raw material located above the reaction chamber to move to the bottom of the reaction chamber with the flexible reaction cage in the reaction zone, gradually increasing the degree of pyrolysis and generating pyrolysis gas.

[0024] S4. As the flexible reaction cage continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone of the reaction chamber. The flexible scraper intermittently collides with the flexible wires of the flexible reaction cage, peeling off the raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and adhering to the flexible reaction cage, while crushing the pyrolysis residue coke and waste residue.

[0025] S5. The unpyrolyzed raw material that is peeled off from the flexible wires of the flexible reaction cage passes through the connecting channel under the action of gravity and falls onto the flexible reaction cage of the next reaction chamber. Continue to repeat steps S3 and S4 until the raw material enters the bottom reaction chamber, is completely converted into coke and waste residue fragments after pyrolysis, and is peeled off from the flexible wires.

[0026] S6. In the lowest reaction chamber, the pyrolysis residue coke and waste are automatically discharged from the outlet under gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged through the gas outlet, and after condensation and separation, the target product is collected, including liquid products and non-condensable gases; the desired target product is screened out for further utilization, while the remaining product is used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to heat the reaction chamber.

[0027] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0028] This invention provides an externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device capable of directly and efficiently pyrolyzing large-sized strip-shaped organic waste. The core component comprises a flexible reaction cage, flexible scrapers, and a heat exchange flue. High-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchange flue through the flue gas inlet, circulates through the high-temperature flue to the medium-temperature flue, and then exits through the flue gas outlet, heating each reaction chamber to a set temperature. This ensures that the reaction zone temperature in all reaction chambers increases sequentially from top to bottom, with the separation zone temperature lower than the reaction zone temperature within each layer of the reaction chamber. The strip-shaped waste enters the uppermost reaction chamber, softens upon heating, and then wraps around and adheres to the flexible wires of the flexible reaction cage at that stage, initiating pyrolysis. The flexible reaction cage rotates continuously under the drive of a rotating shaft, allowing the raw materials to move through the reaction zone to the reaction chamber. Below the reaction chamber, the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases. As the flexible reaction cage continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone. The flexible scraper and flexible wire intermittently collide, generating elastic high-frequency vibrations. Through the intermittent vibration of the flexible wire and the scraping action of the flexible scraper, the incompletely pyrolyzed raw material is peeled off from the flexible wire using vibration and scraping action, while simultaneously breaking up the residual coke and waste residue. The incompletely pyrolyzed raw material enters the next reaction chamber, and the above steps are repeated until pyrolysis is complete, turning everything into coke and waste residue fragments. Automatic discharge is achieved in the bottom reaction chamber by gravity. Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, this invention has the following effects:

[0029] 1. Stable operation of the device: The strip-shaped waste material used as raw material undergoes pyrolysis reaction on the flexible reaction cage. The raw material softens when heated and can spontaneously adhere and fix itself on the flexible wire. At the same time, it ensures that the contact area between the raw material and the flexible wire is small, so that the pyrolysis residue can easily detach spontaneously under the intermittent collision action of the flexible scraper, effectively preventing the flexible reaction cage from clogging and ensuring that the device can operate continuously.

[0030] 2. High heat transfer efficiency: The flexible scraper can effectively scrape off the coke and pyrolysis residues adhering to the surface of the flexible reaction cage during the pyrolysis process, which is conducive to heat transfer and improves pyrolysis efficiency.

[0031] 3. Multi-chamber continuous operation with high pyrolysis efficiency: Multiple reaction chambers are connected. By adjusting the heat exchange fins and the flow rate and velocity of the high-temperature flue gas, the temperature of the reaction zone in all reaction chambers can be controlled to increase sequentially from top to bottom. Moreover, the temperature of the separation zone in each reaction chamber is lower than that of the reaction zone, ensuring that the raw materials continue to pyrolyze at the optimal temperature required by the pyrolysis curve. This results in high reaction efficiency and effectively guarantees the time required for complete pyrolysis. Furthermore, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber of the lower layer will enter the reaction chamber of the upper layer and eventually be discharged from the gas outlet at the top. The pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber of the lower layer provides auxiliary heat to the reaction chamber of the upper layer, thereby achieving energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0032] 4. Convenient reaction control and wide adaptability of raw materials: Depending on the characteristics of the raw materials and the type of target product, flexible wires with different gaps and connection methods, as well as flexible scrapers with different sizes and layouts, can be replaced. At the same time, the feed rate, rotational shaft speed, pyrolysis temperature and other parameters of the device can be flexibly controlled to adjust the pyrolysis reaction process, so as to achieve efficient pyrolysis of different raw materials in a targeted manner.

[0033] 5. Convenient discharge and automatic slag removal: Raw materials that are not completely pyrolyzed in the upper reaction chamber can automatically fall into the lower reaction chamber under the action of flexible scraper and gravity to continue pyrolysis. At the same time, the lower temperature in the separation zone of the reaction chamber can also solidify the raw materials that are not completely pyrolyzed, making it easy to peel them off from the flexible wire for discharge. The coke and waste residue remaining after pyrolysis will be automatically discharged from the discharge port under the action of flexible scraper and gravity.

[0034] 6. Simple structure and easy maintenance: The transfer of raw materials between adjacent reaction chambers can be achieved by using flexible scrapers and gravity, without the need for other auxiliary devices, and the structure is simple; the flexible scraper is an elastic flat strip structure, with fins connected to two end plates, and the outer edges of the fins are connected to each other by flexible wires, making the rotating components easy to replace and the device easy to maintain.

[0035] 7. High space utilization: Large-sized strip-shaped raw materials can be directly fed into the reaction chamber for pyrolysis without being crushed into particles, eliminating the need for additional pretreatment, stirring, and decoking equipment. Furthermore, the high-temperature and medium-temperature flues are set parallel to the plane formed by the axes of all reaction chambers, ensuring that the heat exchange flues are tightly attached to the outer surfaces of all reaction chambers, thus improving the overall space utilization of the unit. In addition, the size of the reaction chambers can be progressively reduced with each stage, accommodating the process of the raw materials continuously shrinking as they decompose in the reaction chamber, further improving space and heat utilization.

[0036] 8. Effective dechlorination and clean emissions: Pyrolysis is an anaerobic process that produces reducing components such as H2 and CO. Moreover, the temperature is relatively low, which can effectively inhibit the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source and achieve efficient dechlorination. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible reaction cage in this invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reaction chamber in this invention.

[0040] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Images]

[0041] 1: Feed inlet; 2: Flexible scraper; 3: Connecting channel; 4: Discharge outlet; 5: Reaction chamber; 6: Flexible reaction cage; 7: Gas outlet; 8: Rotary shaft; 9: Heat exchange flue;

[0042] 61: End plate; 62: Wing; 63: Flexible wire;

[0043] 91: High-temperature flue; 92: Medium-temperature flue; 93: Flue gas inlet; 94: Flue gas outlet;

[0044] A: Separation zone; B: Reaction zone. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0047] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0048] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; "connection" can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0049] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, which includes multiple hollow cylindrical reaction chambers 5. Each reaction chamber 5 includes multiple flexible scrapers 2, a rotating shaft 8 coaxially arranged on opposite end faces of the reaction chamber 5, and a flexible reaction cage 6 arranged on the rotating shaft 8.

[0050] All rotating shafts 8 extend horizontally, and all reaction chambers 5 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, with adjacent reaction chambers 5 connected by connecting channels 3. Within each reaction chamber 5, a vertical axial section serves as the boundary, with one side being the separation zone and the other side being the reaction zone. The separation zone of the upper-layer reaction chamber 5 is located above the reaction zone of the lower-layer reaction chamber 5. The top of the uppermost reaction chamber 5 is equipped with a feed inlet 1 and a gas outlet 7, while the bottom of the lowermost reaction chamber 5 is equipped with a discharge outlet 4. Heat exchange flues 9 are arranged around the outer contour of all reaction chambers 5 and connecting channels 3. Multiple heat exchange fins are spaced apart on the outer surface of all reaction chambers 5. These chambers are interconnected. By adjusting the heat exchange fins and the flow rate and velocity of the high-temperature flue gas, the temperature of the reaction zone in each chamber can be controlled to increase sequentially from top to bottom. Furthermore, the temperature of the separation zone in each reaction chamber 5 is lower than the reaction zone temperature, ensuring continuous pyrolysis of the raw material at the optimal temperature required by the pyrolysis curve. This results in high reaction efficiency and effectively guarantees the time required for complete pyrolysis. Simultaneously, the unpyrolyzed raw material is cooled and solidified in the separation zone, facilitating its removal from the flexible filament for discharge. Moreover, the pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber 5 of the next lower layer enters the reaction chamber 5 of the previous layer and is ultimately discharged from the gas outlet 7 at the top. The pyrolysis gas generated in the reaction chamber 5 of the lower layer provides auxiliary heat to the reaction chamber 5 of the upper layer, thus achieving energy saving and efficiency improvement. Furthermore, the pyrolysis in this device is an anaerobic process, producing reducing components such as H2 and CO at a low temperature, effectively inhibiting the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins from the source, achieving highly efficient dechlorination.

[0051] The flexible reaction cage 6 is a cage-shaped hollow cylindrical structure coaxially arranged with the reaction chamber 5. The flexible reaction cage 6 includes a pair of circular end plates 61 coaxially mounted on a rotating shaft 8, multiple radially extending fins 62 spaced apart on the outer edge of the end plates 61, and multiple flexible filaments 63 connecting the free ends of the fins 62 on both end plates 61. All the flexible filaments 63 together form a mesh surface. The rotation direction of the rotating shaft 8 satisfies the following condition: the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates downwards in the reaction zone and upwards in the separation zone. Furthermore, the lengths of all the fins 62 can be all the same or at least partially different. The strip-shaped waste material, as raw material, undergoes pyrolysis on the flexible reaction cage 6. The raw material softens upon heating and spontaneously adheres to the flexible filaments 63, while ensuring a small contact area between the raw material and the flexible filaments 63. This allows the pyrolysis residue to easily detach spontaneously under the intermittent collision action of the flexible scraper 2, effectively preventing blockage of the flexible reaction cage 6 and ensuring continuous operation of the device.

[0052] All flexible scrapers 2 are flat, strip-shaped elastic structures arranged at intervals within the separation zone of the reaction chamber 5. One end of each flexible scraper 2 is fixed to the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5, while the other end can contact the mesh surface. That is, the length of the flexible scraper 2 is greater than the gap width between the fin 62 and the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5. The flexible scrapers 2 can effectively scrape away the coke and pyrolysis residue adhering to the surface of the flexible reaction cage 6 during pyrolysis, which is beneficial for heat transfer and improves pyrolysis efficiency.

[0053] exist Figure 1 In the preferred embodiment shown, the reaction chamber 5 of the entire device has three stages, which are divided into a first-stage reaction chamber, a second-stage reaction chamber, and a third-stage reaction chamber from top to bottom. Each stage of the reaction chamber 5 is a hollow horizontal cylindrical structure. The reaction chamber 5 is divided into a reaction zone B and a separation zone A by a vertical axial section, which respectively correspond to... Figure 3 The middle reaction chamber 5 is divided into right and left zones by a vertical axis of symmetry, providing sufficient residence space and time for the raw materials. The reaction chambers 5 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom according to their stage number, forming a row along an inclined direction in the vertical plane. The angle between this inclined direction and the horizontal plane is 45° to 75°, ensuring that the separation zone of the upper-level reaction chamber is above the reaction zone of the lower-level reaction chamber. In this embodiment, all rotating shafts 8 rotate in the same direction. Adjacent reaction chambers are connected by a connecting channel 3, which connects the bottom of the separation zone of the upper-level reaction chamber 5 to the top of the reaction zone of the lower-level reaction chamber 5. Large-sized strip-shaped raw materials can be directly fed into the reaction chamber 5 for pyrolysis without crushing into particles, eliminating the need for additional pretreatment, stirring, and decoking equipment, thus improving the overall space utilization of the device. All reaction chambers 5 can have the same diameter, or the diameter of the reaction chambers 5 can gradually decrease from top to bottom to accommodate the process of the raw materials continuously shrinking as they decompose under heat, further improving space and heat utilization.

[0054] See you again Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchange flue 9 uses the plane formed by the axes of all the reaction chambers 5 as its interface. One side of the interface, located diagonally below the plane, is a high-temperature flue 91, and the other side is a medium-temperature flue 92. The tops of the high-temperature flue 91 and the medium-temperature flue 92 are connected. A flue gas inlet 93 is provided at the bottom of the high-temperature flue 91, and a flue gas outlet 94 is provided at the bottom of the medium-temperature flue 92. An insulation layer is provided on the outside of the heat exchange flue 9. The flue gas temperature in the high-temperature flue 91 is higher than that in the medium-temperature flue 92 (50–200°C). The high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchange flue 9 through the flue gas inlet 93, flows through the high-temperature flue 91 to the medium-temperature flue 92, and then exits through the flue gas outlet 94, heating each layer of the reaction chambers 5 to a set temperature. This causes the temperature of the reaction zone B in all the reaction chambers 5 to increase sequentially from top to bottom, and the temperature of the separation zone A in each layer of the reaction chambers 5 is lower than the temperature of the reaction zone B.

[0055] Furthermore, the rotating shaft 8 is supported by bearings on the opposite end face of the reaction chamber 5, and passes through the end face of the reaction chamber 5 to be connected to the drive system (external motor), driving the entire flexible reaction cage 6 to rotate via the motor. The rotation direction of the rotating shaft 8 is... Figure 1 and Figure 3 The direction of the arrow shown ( Figure 1 and Figure 3 The flexible reaction cage 6 rotates clockwise within the reaction zone of the reaction chamber 5 and upwards within the separation zone. At least one of the two opposite end faces of each reaction chamber 5 is detachably mounted to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the flexible scraper 2, rotating shaft 8, and flexible reaction cage 6.

[0056] See you again Figure 1 The feed inlet 1 is located at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber 5, and is connected to the feeding system through the heat exchange flue 9. The gas outlet 7 is located at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber 5, and is connected to the separation and condensation system through the heat exchange flue 9. The discharge outlet 4 is located at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber 5, and is connected to the solid collection system. The flue gas inlet 93 and the flue gas outlet 94 are located on both sides of the discharge outlet 4. The coke and slag remaining after pyrolysis will be automatically discharged from the discharge outlet under the action of the flexible scraper 2 and gravity.

[0057] Furthermore, the flexible filament 63 can be made of stainless steel filament, aluminum silicate fiber, or aramid fiber, and the flexible scraper 2 can be a thin stainless steel sheet, which has good strength and a long service life. Moreover, as... Figure 1As shown, multiple flexible scrapers 2 are evenly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber 5. The central angle of the circular cross section of the reaction chamber 5 corresponding to the distribution area of ​​the multiple flexible scrapers 2 is 60 to 150°. On the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber 5, the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers 2 is at least 10 mm.

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below based on the preferred embodiment. Specifically, all reaction chambers 5 have an inner diameter of 800 mm and a length of 1200 mm; the flexible reaction cage 6 has a length of 1000 mm, the end plate 61 has an outer diameter of 400 mm, and 40 identical fins 62 are evenly arranged on the end plate 61. The fins 62 have a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 150 mm, ensuring that the distance between the edge of the fin 62 and the inner wall of the reaction chamber 5 is 50 mm. The flexible wire 63 is made of stainless steel wire; in this embodiment, it is... Figure 2 The connection method is not limited to this material and connection method. The flexible scraper 2 is a flat, strip-shaped, elastic stainless steel sheet, 60mm long, 10mm wide, and 0.2mm thick. Multiple flexible scrapers 2 are evenly arranged on the inner surface of the separation zone of each reaction chamber 5, with a maximum of 20 distributed along the axial direction and a maximum of 6 distributed along the circumference of each reaction chamber 5. The distribution area is 60° on both sides of the horizontal axis of symmetry on the circular cross-section of the reaction chamber 5, corresponding to a central angle of 120°. This ingenious arrangement allows the flexible scraper 2 to achieve optimal efficiency in scraping and removing the adhesive residue remaining on the surface of the flexible reaction cage 6. The material transfer between adjacent reaction chambers 5 can be achieved simply by using the flexible scraper 2 and gravity, without the need for other auxiliary devices, resulting in a simple structure. The flexible scraper 2 is an elastic, flat, strip-shaped structure, with fins 62 connected to two end plates 61. The outer edges of the fins 62 are connected to each other by flexible wires 63, making the rotating components easy to replace and facilitating device maintenance. Moreover, depending on the characteristics of the raw materials and the type of target product, flexible wires 63 with different gaps and connection methods, as well as flexible scrapers 2 with different sizes and layouts, can be replaced. At the same time, the feeding speed, rotation speed of the rotating shaft 8, pyrolysis temperature and other parameters of the device can be flexibly controlled to adjust the pyrolysis reaction process, so as to achieve efficient pyrolysis of different raw materials in a targeted manner.

[0059] To better achieve the above technical solution, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis method for strip-shaped organic waste, which utilizes the externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device provided by the present invention to pyrolyze the strip-shaped organic waste, and the steps include:

[0060] S1. Drive the rotating shaft 8 to rotate the flexible reaction cage 6 at the set speed. At the same time, high-temperature flue gas is introduced from the flue gas inlet 93 of the heat exchange flue 9. After circulating through the high-temperature flue 91 to the medium-temperature flue 92, it is discharged from the flue gas outlet 94, heating each layer of reaction chamber 5 to the set temperature.

[0061] S2. Strip-shaped waste material is fed into the uppermost reaction chamber 5 through the feed inlet 1 and falls onto the flexible reaction cage 6. As the temperature rises, the material softens and adheres to the flexible wire 63 and undergoes pyrolysis.

[0062] S3. The flexible reaction cage 6 rotates continuously under the drive of the rotating shaft 8, causing the raw material located above the reaction chamber 5 to move to the bottom of the reaction chamber 5 along with the flexible reaction cage 6 in the reaction zone, and the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases, generating pyrolysis gas.

[0063] S4. As the flexible reaction cage 6 continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone of the reaction chamber 5. The flexible scraper 2 and the flexible wire 63 of the flexible reaction cage 6 collide intermittently, generating elastic high-frequency vibration. Through the intermittent vibration of the flexible wire 63 and the scraping action of the flexible scraper 2, the raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and adhered to the flexible reaction cage 6 is peeled off, while the pyrolysis residue coke and waste residue are crushed.

[0064] S5. The unpyrolyzed raw material that is peeled off from the flexible wire 63 of the flexible reaction cage 6 passes through the connecting channel 3 under the action of gravity and falls onto the flexible reaction cage 6 of the next layer of reaction chamber 5. Continue to repeat steps S3 and S4 until the raw material enters the bottom layer of reaction chamber 5, and after complete pyrolysis, it is completely converted into coke and waste residue fragments and peeled off from the flexible wire 63.

[0065] S6. In the lowest reaction chamber 5, the pyrolysis residue coke and waste are automatically discharged from the discharge port 4 under gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged through the gas outlet 7, and after condensation and separation, the target product is collected, including liquid products and non-condensable gases; the desired target product is screened out for further utilization, while the remaining product is used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to heat the reaction chamber.

[0066] To improve the pyrolysis efficiency of the raw materials, the temperature of the reaction chamber 5 is set to 300–800°C, and the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 8 is set to 1–20 r / min. This ensures that the temperature and reaction time during the pyrolysis process are as close as possible to the optimal pyrolysis environment for the specific strip-shaped raw materials, thereby improving the pyrolysis conversion rate of the raw materials and the yield of the target product. The following detailed description of the pyrolysis process using a flexible rotary pyrolysis device is provided through specific embodiments. The devices used in each embodiment have essentially the same structure.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] The pyrolysis temperature and rotation speed of the rotating shaft 8 in each stage of reaction chamber 5 are adjusted to achieve the following: first stage reaction chamber temperature: 400℃, rotating shaft 8 rotation speed: 2 r / min; second stage reaction chamber temperature: 450℃, rotating shaft 8 rotation speed: 4 r / min; third stage reaction chamber temperature: 500℃, rotating shaft 8 rotation speed: 4 r / min. Waste paper strips with an average length of 300 mm are fed into the externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas is collected and rapidly separated and condensed, with a liquid phase yield of 42.3%. The target product, L-glucanone, accounts for 9.8 wt% of the liquid phase product, achieving efficient disposal and utilization of waste paper strips. Simultaneously, within each stage of reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates once, the residue generated during pyrolysis on the flexible filament 63 is essentially scraped off, effectively preventing the adhesion, blockage, coking, and slagging of the raw materials.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] The pyrolysis temperature of each stage reaction chamber 5 and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 8 are adjusted to achieve temperatures of 530℃, 610℃, and 700℃ for the first, second, and third stage reaction chambers, respectively, with a rotation speed of 2 r / min for all three stages. Waste denim processing material with an average length of 200 mm is fed into the externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas is collected and rapidly separated and condensed to obtain 39.5% of the target product, non-condensable combustible gas, achieving efficient disposal and utilization of waste denim processing material. Simultaneously, within each stage reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates once, the residue generated during pyrolysis on the flexible yarn 63 is essentially scraped off, effectively preventing the adhesion, blockage, coking, and slagging of the raw materials.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] The pyrolysis temperature and rotation speed of the rotating shaft 8 in each stage of reaction chamber 5 were adjusted to achieve the following: first stage reaction chamber temperature 400℃, rotating shaft 8 rotation speed 4r / min; second stage reaction chamber temperature 490℃, rotating shaft 8 rotation speed 8r / min; third stage reaction chamber temperature 600℃, rotating shaft 8 rotation speed 8r / min. PET waste plastic wire with an average length of 200mm was fed into the externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device. After one round of pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas was collected and rapidly separated and condensed, with a liquid phase yield of 34.9%, of which the yield of the target product benzoic acid reached 27.6wt%, achieving efficient disposal and utilization of waste plastic wire. Simultaneously, within each stage of reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotates once, the residue generated by pyrolysis on the flexible wire 63 was essentially scraped off, effectively preventing the raw materials from sticking, clogging, and coking.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] The pyrolysis temperature of each stage reaction chamber 5 was adjusted to 400℃ for the first stage, 530℃ for the second stage, and 700℃ for the third stage, with the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 8 at 6 r / min. Waste tire strips with an average length of 300 mm were fed into reaction chamber 5. After one round of pyrolysis in the externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis gas was collected and rapidly separated and condensed, with a liquid phase yield of 37.6%, of which the target product, aromatics, accounted for 17.1 wt%, achieving efficient disposal and utilization of waste tire strips. Simultaneously, within each stage reaction chamber 5, after the flexible reaction cage 6 rotated once, the residue generated during pyrolysis on the flexible wire 63 was essentially scraped off, effectively preventing the raw materials from sticking, clogging, and coking.

[0075] It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrating the technical approach and features of the present invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. All changes or modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device, characterized in that, The externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device includes multiple hollow cylindrical reaction chambers (5), each of which includes multiple flexible scrapers (2), a rotating shaft (8) coaxially arranged on opposite end faces of the reaction chamber (5), and a flexible reaction cage (6) arranged on the rotating shaft (8). All the rotating shafts (8) extend horizontally, and all the reaction chambers (5) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom and adjacent reaction chambers (5) are connected by connecting channels (3); the reaction chamber (5) is divided into a separation zone on one side and a reaction zone on the other side by a vertical axial section; the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5) of the upper layer is located above the reaction zone of the reaction chamber (5) of the lower layer; the top of the reaction chamber (5) of the uppermost layer is provided with a feed inlet (1) and a gas outlet (7), and the bottom of the reaction chamber (5) of the lowermost layer is provided with a discharge outlet (4); heat exchange flues (9) are arranged around the outer contour of all the reaction chambers (5) and connecting channels (3). The flexible reaction cage (6) includes a pair of circular end plates (61) coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft (8), multiple wing rods (62) spaced apart on the outer edge of the end plates (61) and extending radially, and multiple flexible filaments (63) connecting the free ends of the wing rods (62) on the two end plates (61). All the flexible filaments (63) together form a mesh surface. The rotation direction of the rotating shaft (8) satisfies the following: the flexible reaction cage (6) rotates downward in the reaction zone and upward in the separation zone. All of the flexible scrapers (2) are flat strip-shaped elastic structures and are arranged at intervals in the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5). One end of the flexible scraper (2) is fixed to the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (5) and the other end can contact the mesh surface. All of the reaction chambers (5) are arranged in a row along the inclined direction in the vertical plane, and the angle between the inclined direction and the horizontal plane is 45°~75°. All of the rotating shafts (8) rotate in the same direction. The heat exchange flue (9) has a plane formed by the axes of all the reaction chambers (5) as its interface. The side located diagonally below the interface is a high-temperature flue (91) and the other side is a medium-temperature flue (92). The tops of the high-temperature flue (91) and the medium-temperature flue (92) are connected. A flue gas inlet (93) is provided at the bottom of the high-temperature flue (91), and a flue gas outlet (94) is provided at the bottom of the medium-temperature flue (92). An insulation layer is provided on the outside of the heat exchange flue (9). The connecting channel (3) connects the bottom of the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5) on the upper layer to the top of the reaction zone of the reaction chamber (5) on the lower layer.

2. The externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, All of the reaction chambers (5) have the same diameter, or the diameter of the reaction chambers (5) decreases from top to bottom; multiple heat exchange fins are spaced apart on the outer surface of all the reaction chambers (5).

3. The externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (8) is supported on the opposite end face of the reaction chamber (5) by bearings and the rotating shaft (8) passes through the end face of the reaction chamber (5) and is connected to the drive system. The drive system can drive the flexible reaction cage (6) to rotate.

4. The externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The feed inlet (1) is located at the top of the separation zone of the uppermost reaction chamber (5), and the feed inlet (1) is connected to the feeding system through the heat exchange flue (9); the gas outlet (7) is located at the top of the reaction zone of the uppermost reaction chamber (5), and the gas outlet (7) is connected to the separation and condensation system through the heat exchange flue (9); the discharge port (4) is located at the bottom of the separation zone of the lowermost reaction chamber (5), and the discharge port (4) is connected to the solid collection system; the flue gas inlet (93) and the flue gas outlet (94) are located on both sides of the discharge port (4).

5. The externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The flexible filament (63) is made of stainless steel filament, aluminum silicate fiber filament or aramid fiber filament; and / or, the flexible scraper (2) is a stainless steel sheet; All of the said wing rods (62) are of the same length or at least partially different.

6. The externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Multiple flexible scrapers (2) are evenly distributed in the middle of the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5). The central angle of the circular cross section of the reaction chamber (5) corresponding to the distribution area of ​​the multiple flexible scrapers (2) is 60~150°. On the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the reaction chamber (5), the interval between adjacent flexible scrapers (2) is at least 10mm.

7. A pyrolysis method, said pyrolysis method being implemented based on the externally heated multi-stage flexible rotary pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The pyrolysis method includes the following steps: S1. Drive the rotating shaft (8) to drive the flexible reaction cage (6) to rotate at the set speed. At the same time, high temperature flue gas is introduced from the flue gas inlet (93) of the heat exchange flue (9), and after circulating through the high temperature flue (91) to the medium temperature flue (92) once, it is discharged from the flue gas outlet (94), heating each layer of reaction chamber (5) to the set temperature. S2. The raw material is fed into the uppermost reaction chamber (5) through the feed inlet (1) and falls onto the flexible reaction cage (6). As the temperature rises, the raw material softens and adheres to the flexible wire (63) and undergoes pyrolysis. S3. The flexible reaction cage (6) rotates continuously under the drive of the rotating shaft (8), so that the raw material located above the reaction chamber (5) moves to the bottom of the reaction chamber (5) with the flexible reaction cage (6) in the reaction zone, and the degree of pyrolysis gradually increases, generating pyrolysis gas. S4. As the flexible reaction cage (6) continues to rotate, the raw material enters the separation zone of the reaction chamber (5). The flexible scraper (2) and the flexible wire (63) of the flexible reaction cage (6) collide intermittently, peeling off the raw material that is not completely pyrolyzed and adhering to the flexible reaction cage (6) while breaking the pyrolysis residue coke and waste residue. S5. The unpyrolyzed raw material that is peeled off from the flexible wire (63) of the flexible reaction cage (6) passes through the connecting channel (3) under the action of gravity and falls onto the flexible reaction cage (6) of the next layer of reaction chamber (5). Steps S3 and S4 are repeated until the raw material enters the lowest layer of reaction chamber (5), and after pyrolysis, it is completely converted into coke and waste residue fragments and peeled off from the flexible wire (63). S6. In the lowest reaction chamber (5), the pyrolysis residue coke and slag are automatically discharged from the discharge port (4) under gravity and collected by the solid collection system; the generated pyrolysis gas is discharged through the gas outlet (7), and after condensation and separation, the target product is collected. The target product includes liquid products and non-condensable gases; the desired target product is screened out for further utilization, while the remaining product is used for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to heat the reaction chamber.

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